JP2001328781A - Obliquely traveling slider - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a safe, reliable, easy and simple emergency evacuation facility for the aged, sick person or the like, used as evacuation stairs of a multi-story building and capable of being operated without using electric energy. SOLUTION: Above the stairs 1 formed from an over-floor to under-floor, a guide rail 2 is provided inclining as mating with the stairs 1, whereby a wheelchair 39 with any person to make evacution is supported in hanging down, and a sinking machine 5 moves only by its own weight under guidance downwarde along the guide rail 2, while a generator 33 of magnet energizing type is rotated in association with downward movement of the sinking machine 5, and a zenor diode 41 is connected between the power output ends of the generator 33.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a skew slider which enables a weak person to easily move a stepped portion, and more particularly to a skew slider suitable for evacuation in a disaster.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An evacuation stair is provided in an evacuation staircase enclosed by a fire-resistant structure wall in accordance with the Building Standards Law, and has a safe structure protected from fire and smoke during a fire. Therefore, in the event of a fire, it is the safest and safest evacuation method for people on higher floors to evacuate to lower floors via evacuation stairs, but vulnerable people such as the sick and elderly can walk on their own or Because it is difficult to go down the stairs, you cannot use the evacuation stairs to evacuate without some help. But,
No mechanical device has been developed to evacuate the vulnerable people to the lower floors using the evacuation stairs, and the fact is that they rely on human power from caregivers.

[0003] When a caregiver evacuates a vulnerable person via an evacuation staircase, at present, generally, two caregivers carry their arms together to carry the vulnerable person from both sides and drop it to the lower floor. However, this method requires two caregivers for each evacuee, and it is quite hard work for the caregiver to hold the evacuee and go down the stairs. There are limits to carrying people.

[0004] In the case of a building of about two or three floors, there is a method of providing a slide on a balcony and evacuating by sliding down the slide. However, since the balcony is not architecturally protected from fire and smoke. Are vulnerable to fire and high risk, the balcony is not directly connected to the corridor,
It takes a lot of effort to take it to the balcony,
Further, the balcony has a drawback that it is not easy to move laterally to the position of the slide because the width of the balcony is small or objects are placed on the balcony. For buildings on the fourth floor and above, it is dangerous to slide down on the slide.
You cannot evacuate on the slide.

At present, there are various types of stair climbing devices for wheelchairs.
No. 42373), most of which are motorized ones for the purpose of ascending and descending stairs in everyday life, and there are various measures to be taken when the equipment becomes unavailable due to a power failure or the like, but in any case, a disaster There are still problems in ensuring the operation of. Furthermore, the current equipment is based on the use of lower floors, and it is considered difficult to accommodate recently increasing middle and high-rise facilities for the elderly.

[0006]

In short, this is an emergency evacuation facility used for evacuation stairs in a multi-story building, which does not rely on electric energy (electric power) or the like only in one direction of descending. Nothing to move is currently found. The present invention is intended to solve such a point, and is to provide a simple one that can be used safely, reliably and easily.

[0007]

A skew slider according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided with a guide rail that is inclined corresponding to the step above a step formed from an upper layer to a lower layer. A descender that suspends and supports the weak and guides and moves downward along the guide rails only by its own weight. The descender is connected to the guide rail when the descender moves downward. A rolling element that rotates by
A magnet excitation generator which is linked to the rolling element and is driven to rotate by the rotation of the rolling element, and prevents a generation current from flowing to a power generation output terminal of the magnet excitation generator until the generation voltage reaches a predetermined value. A zener diode is connected. Here, the step portion is not limited to various stairs including a rectangular spiral staircase, but includes a portion having various steps such as a floor up, a floor down, and the like. In addition, the vulnerable people who are suspended and supported include those who are directly supported, as well as those who are in a wheelchair.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the skewed slider according to the first aspect, a power transistor is connected between the output terminals of the magnet excitation generator, and a zener diode is connected to a base circuit of the power transistor. .

A skew slider according to a third aspect is the skew slider according to the second aspect, wherein two or more power transistors are connected in parallel, and a collector resistor is connected in series with the power transistor.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to any one of the first to third aspects, a plurality of zener diodes are connected in series and a switch for changing the number of applied voltages of the zener diodes is provided. is there.
When a plurality of switches are used, it is possible to use a pendant switch or to use a pendant switch and a limit switch together.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a manually releasable non-excitation operation type electromagnetic brake for braking the magnet excitation generator is provided. A series circuit of another Zener diode and a relay having a Zener voltage higher than that of the Zener diode is connected between the terminals, and a series circuit of the relay and the electromagnetic brake is connected between the power generation output terminals. When the diode is conducting, the electromagnetic brake is de-energized.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, a magnet-excited DC generator is used as the magnet-excited generator.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, a magnet-excited AC generator is used as the magnet-excited generator, and its AC output is converted to DC by full-wave rectification. is there.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to the first to seventh aspects, power can be supplied to the magnet-excited generator, and the magnet-excited generator is driven and driven as a motor by power supply.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider, the chain is fixed along the guide rail, and the rolling element on the descending machine side that engages with the chain is a sprocket.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the skew slider according to the ninth aspect uses a curved guide rail as the guide rail, and uses a curve chain deformable in accordance with the curve of the guide rail as the chain. The sprocket to be engaged is supported by a spline structure on a support shaft operatively connected to a magnet excitation generator of a descending machine.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to the fourth to seventh aspects, a plurality of descenders are provided, a limit switch is provided in front of each descender as the switch, and a wire is provided behind each descender via a wire. The dock is connected to the guide rail, and the dock is movably supported on a guide rail, and the limit switch is operated by contact between the dock of a forward descender and the limit switch of a rearward descender. The dock can be constituted by an intermediate dock and a friction dock.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the skewed slider, a guide rail that is inclined corresponding to the step is provided above a step formed from the upper part to the lower part, and is horizontally above the floor of the upper part. And a pull-in rail connected to the guide rail at an upper floor portion or at a position protruding and extending from the upper floor end, suspending and supporting the weak and supporting the guide rail only by its own weight. And a connecting member for connecting the descending machine and the weak person in a state where the weak person is in contact with the upper floor.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the skew slider according to the twelfth aspect, the connection member comprises a rigid hanger and a chain.

A skew slider according to a fourteenth aspect is the skew slider according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein a preload spring is provided on the chain.

[0021]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A stair sloping slider for evacuating the vulnerable to disaster, which has solved the above problems, has already been disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-201294.
And this application is disclosed in
No. 4813.

Here, a skew slider for evacuating stairs for evacuating the vulnerable to disaster described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-14813 will be described with reference to FIG. Back surface 19 of evacuation stairs 1 in evacuation staircase A
The guide rails 2 are attached in series from the upper part to the lower part, and the guide rails 2 are connected to one corner of the back surface of the floor surface 9 of each floor in the evacuation staircase A and the ceiling surface of each floor 11 other than the evacuation staircase A. A stock yard 4 is provided with a pull-in rail 3. The pull-in rail 3 and the guide rail 2 are provided with a plurality of descenders 5 which are detachably engaged and guided downward. The descending machine 5 includes a traveling unit that engages with the guide rail 2, a power storage device that stores mechanical energy associated with the downward movement by a mainspring, a flywheel, an air pressure storage unit, and the like in conjunction with the traveling unit. A hanging rope manual hoisting device with a stopper is provided.

With the above configuration, for example, when a vulnerable person in a disaster in a wheelchair 39 is evacuated from the second floor or more to the first floor (evacuation floor), the caregiver must use Pulling down the descender 5 in the stock yard 4, pulling out the suspension rope from the suspension rope manual hoisting device, hanging it on the wheelchair 39 on which the vulnerable to disaster was riding, lifting the wheelchair 39 by manually operating the suspension rope manual hoisting device, The descender 5 is fed into the inclined portion of the guide rail 2. The descending machine 5 moves downward on the inclined portion of the guide rail 2 due to the riding load of the wheelchair 39 or the like on which the vulnerable person on the disaster rides and the weight of the descending machine 5, and the mechanical energy at this time is transferred to the energy storage device via the pinion gear. Transmitted and energized. The moving speed at this time is moderately braked (1 m / sec) until there is no danger with the energy storage device as a load.

When the descending device 5 reaches the horizontal portion such as the landing 10 via the inclined portion of the guide rail 2, the mechanical energy stored in the energy storage device is released in reverse. Self-propelled to the next slope using the power source as the power source, move the slope downward again due to its riding load and the weight of the descender 5, etc., and repeat these operations to automatically return to the first floor (evacuation floor). Move downward. After that, on the first floor, the caregiver manually operates the hanging rope manual hoisting device of the descending machine 5 to lower the wheelchair 39 on which the vulnerable person in the disaster rides on the floor and evacuate.

As described above, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-14813 solves the above-mentioned problem.
For example, since the moving of the horizontal portion is performed using the energy when the descending machine 5 moves downward, the amount of stored energy is unstable, and the energy is exhausted during the moving of the horizontal portion, and the stoppage occurs. There was a fear that it would.

Therefore, the present applicant has further devised,
As a result, a skew slider that can be used more safely and easily and that can surely move a weak person (evacuated person, disaster weak person, etc.) down at various steps is provided.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that the same components as those in FIG. 18 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. FIG. 1 shows a state in which a rectangular spiral staircase is equipped with a skew slider according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, A is a staircase provided in various concrete buildings and the like, 1 is a rectangular spiral staircase in the staircase A, 10 is a landing of the staircase 1, 9a to 9c are sloping sliders in the staircase A, respectively. It is a staircase on the top floor, middle floor, and evacuation floor where is installed. Above the stairs 1, a substantially elliptical spiral guide rail 2 is provided along the stairs 1 from the upper layer to the lower layer. The guide rail 2 is made of a metal mold (for example, an aluminum mold) or the like. In the stair portion of the stairs 1, a substantially linear straight rail 2a installed corresponding to the inclination of the stairs 1 is used, and the landing 10 portion and the middle In the staircase room 9b on the floor, a substantially semi-arc-shaped curve rail 2b
And the curve rail 2b has a shape having a slight inclination.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a draw-in rail provided above the staircase rooms 9a and 9b on each of the second and higher floors in connection with the guide rail 2, and reference numeral 4 denotes a stock yard formed by the draw-in rail 3. Reference numeral 5 denotes a descender which is detachably engaged with the guide rail 2 and the retracting rail 3 and guides downward along the guide rail 2 while the wheelchair 39 and the like are suspended and supported. It is preferable that a suitable number of the descending machines 5 are always provided on the pull-in rail 3 of the stock yard 4 on each floor.

The guide rail 2 is a rail support 2 as shown in FIG.
It is attached by fixing with 0. Here, the rail support 20 provided on the ceiling will be described. First, the attachment position of the guide rail 2 is determined, and the attachment position of the rail support 20 is determined in consideration of the attachment position. Next, an anchor bolt 20a is driven into the ceiling of the mounting position of the rail support 20, and a first bracket 20b having a substantially inverted T-shaped cross section is fixed to the anchor bolt 20a by tightening a nut. A substantially inverted L-shaped second bracket 20c extending downward is supported on the first bracket 20b via a rotation adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting rotation, and a lower end of the second bracket 20c is provided with a long hole, a bolt, and a nut. A third bracket 20d extending in the horizontal direction is supported via an adjustment mechanism that can be adjusted in the up, down, left, and right directions, and a fourth bracket 20e having a substantially T-shaped cross section is provided at an end of the third bracket 20d. Is supported through.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a guide rail support portion and a chain mounting portion showing a cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 2 (a). The guide rail 2 is arranged on the fourth bracket 20e, and The guide rail 2 can be fixed by bolting the plate-shaped fifth bracket 20f and the fourth bracket 20e inserted into the lower groove. In addition, since the rail support 20 has an adjustment mechanism and a rotation adjustment mechanism using a long hole, it is possible to reliably control the guide rail 2 by adjusting these adjustment mechanisms against dimensional errors of the building. Fixing can be performed, and even when an unexpected dimensional error or the like is confirmed, it can be adjusted by appropriately interposing a liner or the like between the components of the rail support 20 or the like. . In addition, the height at which the guide rail 2 is attached is the lowering device 5.
When the wheelchair 39 and the like are suspended and supported via a hanger, the height of the wheelchair 39 and the like need not be in contact with the stairs 1, the floor of the landing 10, and the like. When attaching the guide rail 2, it is desirable to consider the mounting positions of the guide rail 2 and the rail support 20 so as not to affect the normal use of the stairs 1.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a chain 21 is fixed to the upper surface of the guide rail 2. As the chain 21, a commercially available curve chain which allows bending in the lateral direction and has a pin gear attachment 21a for fixing is used. The chain 21 is fixed to the guide rail 2 by inserting a plate-like chain fixing bracket 22 into a pair of grooves formed on the upper surface of the guide rail 2 and bolting the bracket 22 and the attachment 21a. I have. Since the chain 21 is a curved chain, the chain 21 can be attached to the curved rail 2b.

The guide rail 2 is constructed by connecting a plurality of rail members, and the rail support 20 is basically arranged so as to support at least two end portions of each rail member. . In the connecting portion of each rail member, the fifth bracket 20f was inserted into a groove formed below the both rail members to be connected, and a chain fixing bracket 22 was formed on the upper surface of both rail members. The rail members are inserted into the grooves, so that the positioning between the two rail members is performed. After these alignments are completed, finally, both chains 21 of both rail members are connected by a joint link 21b.

Next, the descending machine 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. The descender 5 is supported by a support shaft 28 via a ball spline, in which a sprocket 31 that rolls by meshing with a chain 21 is supported by a support shaft 28. A pair of left and right wheels 30 is mounted that rolls at both ends of the upper surface and supports a load in the vertical direction. The support shaft 28 is rotatably supported by the descender 5. Reference numeral 32 denotes a side roller that is disposed to face the side surface of the guide rail 2 so that the descender 5 can stably descend along the guide rail 2. Reference numeral 33 denotes a generator, a speed reduction chain mechanism 34 a constituting the support shaft 28 and the speed suppression mechanism 34, and a gear head 3.
4b. On the side surface of the descender 5, a hanger bracket 35 is provided rotatably supported by a bearing 27 about the same axis as a support shaft 28 on which the sprocket 31 is supported. A control device 36 controls the generator 33 and the like. As described above, since the interlocking mechanism on the descender 5 side and the curve chain 2 side is formed by the engagement between the chain 21 and the sprocket 31, the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where a rack and a pinion are used. Further, the sprocket 31 is supported on the support shaft 28 by a spline structure, and the sprocket 31 can be moved in the axial direction. Therefore, even when there is a mounting error in the chain 21 or when the curved portion of the guide rail 2 is moved. , Smooth movement is possible.

The hanger bracket 35 is provided with a cylindrical portion 35a which is opened downward, and a column 37a of a hanger 37 is inserted and fixed to the cylindrical portion 35a. An inverted J-shaped groove is formed in the cylindrical portion 35a, while a pin 29 protrudes from the upper end of the column 37a. Then, the support 37a is inserted so that the pin 29 moves along the inverted J-shaped groove, and when the pin 29 reaches the end of the inverted J-shaped groove, the stopper 35b prevents the pin 29 from coming off, so that the hanger is provided. The hanger 37 is fixed to the bracket 35.

The hanger 37 comprises a support post 37a and a substantially rectangular hanger member 37b.
7b is integrally provided at the lower end of the column 37a so as to be located substantially directly below the descending machine 5 so as to secure a balance when descending. At the four corners of the hanger member 37b,
Chains 38 each having a hook 38a at the end for connecting the wheelchair 39 to the hanger 37 are provided.
The chain 38 is provided with a preload spring 60.
On the other hand, an attachment 39a to which a hook 38a is connected is attached to the wheelchair 39 side.
And the attachment 39a, the two can be easily and reliably connected with one touch.

As described above, since the descender 5 and the wheelchair 39 are connected to each other via the rigid hanger 37 and the chain 38, the swing becomes large when the chain 38 alone is lowered. However, the use of the rigid hanger 37 causes the swing. The length of the chain 38 can be shortened, and the swing can be reduced. In addition, since the preload spring 60 is provided on the chain 38, the caregiver pulls the chain 38 and attaches the hook 38a to the attachment 3 while feeling the force of the preload spring 60.
The chain 38 and the wheelchair 39 are connected by hooking on the wheel 9a, and the two are not connected in a twisted state, and the wheelchair 39 can be connected in a stable state. After the wheelchair 39 is connected, the preload spring 60 is almost fully extended. The connection between the wheelchair 39 and the hanger 37 is performed by the preload spring 60, the chain 38, and the hook 3
The method is not limited to the method using the attachment 8a and the attachment 39a, and any publicly-available material or means can be used as long as the object has a required strength and a long connecting object.

A limit switch 6 is provided in front of the descending machine 5.
1 and the intermediate dock 63 and the friction dock 6 behind the descender 5 via a wire rope 62.
4 dock. The intermediate dock 63 and the friction dock 64 are movably supported by the guide rail 2 and the like.
And the like are sandwiched by a spring force, and a portion having a high friction coefficient such as rubber is provided at a contact portion with the guide rail 2 or the like.
In this embodiment, since the guide rail 2 has the curved rail 2b, the wire rope 62 is prevented from being loosened or caught.
Intermediate dock 63 and friction dock 6 as docks
4 is adopted, but if the guide rail 2 is a straight rail or a gentle curve, the intermediate dock 63 is used.
May be unnecessary. As the limit switch 61, switches SW1 to SW3 described later can be used.

A plurality of descenders 5 are connected to one guide rail 2.
While traveling above, if a lighter refugee rides on the forward descent 5 and a heavier refugee rides on the rearward descent 5,
The rear descent 5 catches up with the front descent 5, but the docks 63 and 64 of the front descent 5 come into contact with the limit switch 61 of the rear descent 5 to operate and decelerate the rear descent 5. To prevent rear-end collision. Normally, the docks 63 and 64 are brought into close contact with the descending machine 5, and after entering the guide rail 2 from the pull-in rail 3, the wire rope 62 extends and moves away from the descending machine 5 rearward. Therefore, even when the rail angle changes abruptly when moving from the pull-in rail 3 to the guide rail 2, each of the docks 6 can be used.
3 and 64 can follow, and can operate normally without being affected by the jump-up rail 2c on the intermediate floor described later.

Next, a description will be given of a structure of an intermediate confluence between the pull-in rail 3 and the guide rail 2 of the stock yard 4 formed in the stair room 9b on the intermediate floor with reference to FIG. The pull-in rail 3 forming the stockyard 4 is a staircase 9b on the middle floor.
Is extended to a position slightly protruding from the floor to the side of the stairs 1 and is connected to the guide rail 2. The guide rail 2 can be partially split as a flip-up rail 2 c at a portion upstream of the connection position with the pull-in rail 3. Configuration. The flip-up rail 2c is rotatably supported by a support 40 provided at an arbitrary position such as a ceiling via a connecting member 40a. Reference numeral 40b denotes a rail spring that urges the flip-up rail 2c so as to be in a series with the guide rail 2.
0c is a damper.

With the above arrangement, for example, when a vulnerable person in a disaster who is on a wheelchair 39 evacuates from the staircase 9b on the second or higher floor to the staircase 9c on the first floor (evacuation floor), the caregiver needs
The descender 5 provided at the stock yard 4 of b is pulled, and the hanger 37 is attached to the descender 5 in the manner described above. Next, the chain 38 attached to the hanger 37 is connected to the attachment 39a of the wheelchair 39 on which the vulnerable person on the disaster rides, and the hanger 37 and the wheelchair 39 are connected. At this point, the wheelchair 39 is still placed on the floor of the staircase 9b on the middle floor.

Thereafter, when the wheelchair 39 is pushed out in the lower floor direction, the descending machine 5 moves along the retracting rail 3, and the retracting rail 3 is slightly extended from the floor surface.
The wheelchair 39 is suspended and supported by the descender 5 via the hanger 37 and the chain 38 when the floor surface of b is interrupted. Almost at the same time, the descender 5 is connected to the retracting rail 3
And reaches the intermediate confluence between the guide rail 2 and the lift rail 2c by the lowering device 5 itself to push up the lower surface thereof to jump up and merge with the main guide rail 2, and descend along the guide rail 2. . After the descender 5 has passed through the intermediate junction, the flip-up rail 2c automatically returns to the original state by the action of the rail spring 40b and the damper 40c. It is desirable that a material having a low coefficient of friction (Teflon (registered trademark) resin, oil-impregnated metal, or the like) is attached to at least one of the contact portions between the flip-up rail 2c and the descender 5.

As described above, by extending the pull-in rail 3 to a position slightly protruding from the floor, the wheelchair 3
In addition to eliminating the need for a hoisting machine for suspending and supporting 9, evacuation can be performed more quickly because the conventional hoisting operation is not required.

The descending machine 5 joined to the guide rail 2 is subjected to a natural fall due to its own weight (the sum of the weight of the descending machine 5, the weight of the refugee, the weight of the wheelchair 39, etc.) according to the inclination of the guide rail 2. Although it is going to descend in a close situation, the chain 21 of the guide rail 2 and the sprocket 31 are engaged with each other, the speed control mechanism 34 is interlocked, and the thrust (torque) of the descending machine 5 is absorbed by the generator 33. Will function as speed control means,
The deceleration is controlled to an appropriate speed (about 1 m / s, preferably about 0.5 m / s) that does not cause free fall.
The vulnerable to disaster on board can safely and reliably descend to the evacuation floor (the first floor) in a stable state.

The curved rails 2b provided in the landing 10 and the staircases 9b and 9c also have a slight inclination, and all the guide rails 2 have an inclination.
It is not necessary to accumulate energy as in the case of No. 0-14813, and it is possible to reliably pass through the jumping area 10 or the like by its own weight. Although the inclination of the curve rail 2b is set to 10 degrees as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, the minimum inclination angle required for descending by its own weight (for example, 5 to 10 degrees) in consideration of the installation situation and the use situation. Degree) may be appropriately set.

When the wheelchair 39 reaches the stairs room 9c on the evacuation floor (the first floor), the wheelchair 39 gently lands on the floor of the evacuation floor in relation to the height and inclination of the guide rail 2, and the caregiver gets down. The evacuation can be performed by simply removing the hook 38a of the chain 38.

As described above, the guide rail 2 is connected to the landing 1
0 and the stairs 9b and 9c are all inclined, so that the evacuees suspended and supported by the descending machine 5 move down along the guide rails 2 by using only their own weights, and It can be safely and reliably moved down.

Further, as described above, in order to suppress the descending speed of the descending machine 5, the generator 33 that rotates with the descending of the descending machine 5 is provided. In order to avoid using an external power supply and using a storage battery as much as possible, a DC or AC generator with magnet excitation is used.

Hereinafter, braking and energy absorption when the generator 33 is a magnet-excited DC generator will be described. Here, assuming that the inclination angle of the guide rail 2 is θ, the total weight of the descending machine 5, the wheelchair 39, and the refugees is M and g is the acceleration of gravity, the thrust in the direction parallel to the guide rail 2 such as the descending machine 5. F is F = Mgsi as shown in FIG.
nθ. On the other hand, the induced voltage Ve of the generator 33 is Ve =
Ke · ω. Here, Ke is an induced voltage constant, and ω is a rotation speed. The both ends of the armature of the generator 33 are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the voltage is connected via the Zener diode 41, and when the induced voltage Ve exceeds the Zener voltage Vz of the Zener diode 41, that is, the rotational speed ω> Vz / Ke
Then, the Zener diode 41 conducts, the armature is short-circuited, and the generated current I flows. As a result, the braking torque T _M = Kt ·
I (Kt is a torque constant) is generated, and the current I and the rotational speed ω satisfying T _M = F are balanced. Therefore, large braking is applied to the descent of the descending machine 5.

Actually, the chain 21 and the sprocket 3
1, the action of the speed control mechanism 34, the generator 33
Since the braking torque also changes depending on the armature resistance of the motor, the braking torque changes as the mechanical friction torque _TF and the speed (ω) −
FIG. 9 shows the characteristics of the torque (T).
The speed change width Δω with respect to the torque change width ΔT due to the change in the inclination angle θ of the guide rail 2 and the weight of the refugee is as shown in the figure, and the speed change rate can be suppressed to a practically small width. At this time, the generated energy generated by the generator 33 is consumed by the armature resistance and the Zener diode 41.

Since the Zener diode 41 is connected between both ends of the armature of the generator 33 as described above,
The generator 33 does not generate a braking torque until the generated voltage of 3, that is, the descending speed of the descender 5 reaches a predetermined value, so that the descender 5 can descend smoothly along the guide rail 2.

FIG. 10 shows a modification of FIG. 8A, in which a power transistor 42 is connected between both ends of an armature of a magnet excitation DC generator 33, and a zener diode 41 is provided in a gate circuit of the power transistor 42. I have. or,
The light emitting diode (LED) 43 is connected to the power transistor 4
2 and connected in parallel. When the generated voltage of the generator 33 reaches a predetermined value, the Zener diode 41 is turned on, the power transistor 42 is turned on, and the generated current I flows to generate a braking torque. In this case, the generated current I almost flows through the power transistor 42 and does not flow much through the Zener diode 41. Therefore, the current I is suppressed within the allowable current (about 0.1 A for 10 V) and the allowable power (about 1 W) of a commercially available Zener diode. be able to. In the case of FIG.
Although there was a possibility that all of the generated current I would flow through the Zener diode 41 and exceed the allowable value, this is not the case in the configuration of FIG. 10 and is more practical. The light emitting diode 43 indicates that the generator 33 is generating power by emitting light.

FIG. 11 shows another modification. In the case of FIG. 10, the power transistor 42 operates continuously in a so-called active region. Therefore, the transient operation region during switching cannot be applied to the safe operation region. It must be the strictest safe operating area. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 11, two (or two or more) power transistors 42 are provided in parallel to reduce the current and voltage per transistor, and the collector resistor 44 is connected in series. As a result, the generated energy is mainly consumed as armature resistance loss, loss at the collector resistor 44, and collector loss of the power transistor 42. Therefore, the power transistor 42 is hardly broken, and the safety and reliability are further improved.

FIG. 12 shows still another modification, in which three series-connected zener diodes 45 to 47 are provided in the gate circuit of each power transistor 42, and switches SW1 to SW3 are provided in parallel with them. Speed at this time-
FIG. 13 shows the torque characteristics of each of the switches SW1 to SW3.
By changing the speed, the speed can be changed even with the same torque. As described above, when a plurality of descenders 5 move on one guide rail 2 and the fast rear descender 5 approaches the slow front descender 5, the switches SW1 to SW3 are switched to switch the rear descender 5 to the rear. If the total Zener voltage of the descending machine 5 is reduced, the descending machine 5 at the rear can be decelerated, and a rear-end collision can be prevented. In this embodiment, the switches SW1 to SW1 are connected in parallel with the Zener diodes 45 to 47, respectively.
Although the switch SW3 is provided, the number of zener diodes can be set as appropriate. Even when a plurality of zener diodes are provided, it is not necessary to provide a switch for each zener diode in parallel, and this point is also set appropriately. can do. For example, in FIG. 10, only the switch SW3 that is decelerated to the slowest speed is provided as a switch, and the switch SW3 is provided in front of the descending machine 5 as the above-described limit switch 61, so that the switch SW3 is automatically contacted with the friction dock 64. Slow down and avoid collisions. Also, as in this embodiment, the switch S
When a plurality of switches are provided as in W1 to SW3, the evacuees and caregivers carry the switches SW1 to SW3 as pendant switches and switch the speed of the descending machine 5 according to the situation. Alternatively, any one switch may be connected to the limit switch 61.
Alternatively, another switch may be used as a pendant switch.

In the examples of FIGS. 8 to 13, in the generated current circuit of the generator 33, the generated current flows in the event of a failure, disconnection, contact failure, or the like of the power transistor 42, the collector resistor 44, or the connection wires or connectors thereof. If no situation occurs, it is conceivable that the power-down braking torque is not generated, and the descender 5 runs away at a high speed close to the free-fall state.
Therefore, in the case of FIG.
5, a manually releasable non-excitation type electromagnetic brake (M
B) A 48 is directly connected, another Zener diode 49 having a Zener voltage higher than the Zener diodes 41, 45 to 47 and a relay 50 are connected in series between both ends of the armature, and the relay 50 is connected between both ends of the armature. The b contact 50b and the electromagnetic brake 48 are connected in series. The electromagnetic brake 48 is provided with a brake release lever 51 and an operation cord 52 thereof.

In the above configuration, when the brake release lever 51 is first moved by the operation cord 52, the electromagnetic brake 4
8 is released and the descender 5 starts descending, whereby the generator 33 generates electricity, and the electromagnetic brake 48 is excited and released through the b contact 50b. For this reason, the generator 33 continues rotating even if the manual operation is stopped. Since the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 49 is higher than the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 41, the Zener diode 49 does not conduct.
Here, if the generated current circuit is opened for any reason, the generated braking torque is not generated, and the descending machine 5 tries to run away. In such a case, the generated voltage increases and the Zener diode 49 becomes conductive. The relay 50 is energized,
The b contact 50b opens. Therefore, the electromagnetic brake 48
Operates, and the descending machine 5 is braked and stopped by the braking torque via the generator 33. During this braking, the generated voltage also decreases, so that the Zener diode 49 becomes non-conductive, the relay contact 50b closes, and the electromagnetic brake 48 should be in the excitation release state. However, since the generated voltage becomes too low, the electromagnetic brake 48 does not reach the excitation release. After the descent machine 5 is stopped by the runaway prevention function as described above, the descent machine 5 can be lowered at a safe speed to the end while the electromagnetic brake 48 is manually released.

FIG. 16 shows still another modification, in which 53 is a changeover switch having contacts a to c, and 54 is a power supply for rising. When the descending machine 5 descends, by connecting the contacts a and c of the changeover switch 53, the operation becomes the same as that of FIG. 12, the descending speed of the descending machine 5 can be controlled by switching the switches SW1 to SW3, and the rear-end collision prevention function is provided. Have. Further, when the contacts b and c of the changeover switch 53 are connected, the generator 33 is supplied with power from the power supply 54 for raising, operates as a motor, and the descender 5 can move up the guide rail 2. For this reason, it can be used as an elevating lift in normal times when the power supply can be stably secured.

A trolley is provided on the guide rail 2 as the power supply 54 for ascending, and a commercial power supply is drawn in from the outside via this trolley, and is converted into a direct current by an AC / DC power supply device provided in the descender 5. Alternatively, a battery may be mounted on the descender 5. In this case, a charger is separately prepared and charged as needed. It is convenient if not only the speed control operation of the descending machine 5 at the time of descending but also the operation of the descending machine 5 at the time of ascending are performed by a pendant switch of the refugee or caregiver.

In FIG. 17, a magnet-excited AC generator is used as the generator 33, and the AC output from the generator 33 is converted to DC by the full-wave rectifier circuit 55, and this DC output is converted as described above. When supplied to the circuit, the same operation and effect can be obtained. Further, since the alternator does not have a rectifying brush, fluctuations in braking torque due to brush wear torque are eliminated, and fluctuations in speed can be reduced within a larger torque fluctuation range. In addition, interruption of the generated current due to poor contact of the brush is eliminated, and it is possible to avoid occurrence of a braking impossible state.

In the above embodiment, a rectangular spiral staircase has been described as an example, on the premise that evacuees can be evacuated by an evacuation staircase having an evacuation staircase room. However, the technical idea of the present invention is a guide rail. 2 is not limited to various stairs if it is possible. For example, the use of folding or assembling type guide rails, including installation on balconies, etc. The present invention can be applied for transportation, and may be used as a regular transportation means without being limited to evacuation. Also, the object to be moved is not limited to the vulnerable to a disaster in a wheelchair, and the evacuees can be suspended and supported directly by using an optional hanging device, or sleeping if the evacuation stairs have enough space. It is also possible to evacuate the vulnerable people who are in a state of disaster by hanging the bed and leaving it as it is.

The specific configurations of the guide rails 2, descenders 5, hangers 37, and the like are not limited to those in this embodiment, but may be any other appropriate ones as long as they have similar functions.

[0061]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the guide rails are all configured to be inclined, the vulnerable people who are suspended and supported by the descending machine (vulnerable people such as sick and elderly people). Is moved down along the guide rail using only the descending machine or the own weight of the weak, and the lowering can be automatically and safely and securely performed. Further, at the time of descending movement, the descending speed of the descending machine can be appropriately braked by a magnet excitation generator or the like, and the descending machine can be safely moved down. In addition, a zener diode is connected to the generator output terminal of the generator to prevent generation current from flowing until the generation voltage reaches a predetermined value, and the generator is braked until the descent speed of the descent reaches the predetermined value. No torque is generated, and the descender can descend smoothly at an appropriate speed. In addition, electric energy is not required, and it will not be disabled due to a power outage or the like in the event of a disaster. Operation can be secured safely as long as sufficient disaster countermeasures are taken on the stairs of the building. It can be used safely in facilities for the elderly without any trouble. In addition, a large number of vulnerable people can be evacuated easily, easily and with little labor by a small number of caregivers. In addition, since it is possible to equip the evacuation stairs, in the event of a disaster, vulnerable people can safely evacuate using the evacuation stairs.

According to the second aspect, the power transistor is connected between the power generation output terminals of the magnet excitation generator, and the Zener diode is connected to the gate circuit thereof. It can be suppressed within the allowable value, and the life of the Zener diode can be prolonged.

According to the third aspect, two or more power transistors are connected in parallel, and a collector resistor is connected in series with the power transistor, so that the current and voltage per power transistor are reduced. To prevent destruction.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the number of voltages applied to each zener diode is changed by switching the switch, the braking torque is changed to control the speed of the descending machine, and a rear-end collision between the descending machines is prevented. Can be.

According to the fifth aspect, when the generator current circuit of the generator is opened for some reason, the generator stops generating the dynamic braking torque, and the descender starts runaway. Another zener diode with a higher zener voltage than the used zener diode conducts,
The electromagnetic brake is de-energized and brakes the generator. For this reason, runaway of the descending machine can be prevented.

According to the sixth aspect, a magnet-excited DC generator is used as a generator, so that a full-wave rectifier is not required and the configuration can be simplified.

According to the seventh aspect, a magnet-excited AC generator is used as a generator, and its AC output is converted to DC by full-wave rectification. Since the AC generator has no rectifying brush, the brush wear torque is reduced. The fluctuation of the braking torque due to the above is eliminated, and the fluctuation of the speed can be reduced within a larger torque fluctuation range. In addition, there is no interruption of the generated current due to poor contact of the brush, and it is possible to avoid a state in which braking is impossible.

According to the eighth aspect, power can be supplied to the magnet excitation generator, and the generator is driven to run as a motor by power supply. The descender can raise the guide rail, and the lift Can also be used.

According to the ninth aspect, the chain is fixed along the guide rail, and the rolling element on the side of the descending machine that engages with the chain is a sprocket. Since the chain and the sprocket are used, the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the rack and the pinion are used.

According to the tenth aspect, a guide rail having a curve is used for the guide rail, and a curve chain is used for the chain. The curve chain is deformable and can sufficiently cope with a curved portion of the guide rail. it can. In addition, the sprocket that engages with the chain is supported by a spline structure on a support shaft that is linked to the generator of the descender, and the sprocket can move in the axial direction. It is possible to sufficiently cope with the play between the guide rail and the descending machine.

According to the eleventh aspect, the switch is provided in front of the descending machine, and the intermediate dock and the friction dock are connected to the rear of the descending machine via wires, and these docks are movably supported by guide rails. If the rear descender approaches the front descender while multiple descenders are traveling on the guide rail, the dock of the front descender and the switch of the rear descender come into contact and the switch It operates, and the rear descender decelerates, so that rear-end collision can be automatically prevented.

According to the twelfth aspect, since the guide rails are all inclined, the weak person suspended and supported by the descending machine is moved down along the guide rail using only the own weight of the descending machine or the weak person. And it can be automatically and safely moved down. In addition, electric energy is not required, and it will not be disabled due to a power outage or the like in the event of a disaster. Operation can be secured safely as long as sufficient disaster countermeasures are taken on the stairs of the building. It can be used safely in facilities for the elderly without any trouble. In addition, a large number of vulnerable to disaster can be evacuated quickly and easily with little labor by a small number of caregivers. Furthermore, because it can be equipped on the evacuation stairs,
In the event of a disaster, vulnerable people can safely evacuate using the evacuation stairs. Further, the required number of descenders can be always provided on the pull-in rails of each layer, so that when a disaster occurs, it can be quickly and appropriately adapted. Furthermore, since the pull-in rail is connected to the guide rail at the floor end of the upper layer or at a position protruding from it, when a wheelchair or the like is hung on a descending machine, a hoisting machine can be dispensed with, and hoisting work is also unnecessary. And quick evacuation is possible.

According to the thirteenth aspect, the connecting member for connecting the descending machine and the weak person is constituted by a rigid hanger and a chain.
By using a rigid hanger, it is possible to shorten the chain that causes shaking as much as possible.

According to the fourteenth aspect, the chain is provided with a preload spring, and the caregiver connects the chain and the weak person while feeling the force of the preload spring, and connects the chain and the weak person in a twisted state. And the weak can be stably lifted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a building provided with a skew slider according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a schematic vertical sectional side view, (b) is a schematic vertical sectional front view, and (c) is the top floor. FIG. 3D is a schematic cross-sectional plan view of an intermediate floor, and FIG.

2A and 2B are configuration diagrams of a rail support, wherein FIG. 2A is a front view and FIG. 2B is a side view.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2 (a).

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a chain attachment portion.

5A and 5B are configuration diagrams of a descender and a descender and a hanger connection portion, wherein FIG. 5A is a front view and FIG. 5B is a side view.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of connection between a descending machine and a wheelchair, and (a)
Is a front view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is an enlarged view of a connection portion between a wheelchair and a chain.

FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of an intermediate junction.

8A is an armature circuit diagram of a generator, and FIG. 8B is a vector diagram of thrust of a descending machine.

FIG. 9 is a speed-torque characteristic diagram of a descending machine.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a modification of the armature circuit of the generator.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of another modification of the armature circuit of the generator.

FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of still another modification of the armature circuit of the generator.

FIG. 13 is a speed-torque characteristic diagram of the descending machine when the circuit shown in FIG. 12 is used.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of another modification of the armature circuit of the generator.

FIG. 15 is a front view of the electromagnetic brake.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of still another modification of the armature circuit of the generator.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram when a magnet-excited AC generator is used as a generator.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of a conventional skewing slider.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A, 9a-9c: Staircase 1: Staircase 2: Guide rail 3: Retraction rail 5: Descent machine 10: Landing 20: Rail support 21, 38: Chain 28: Support shaft 31: Sprocket 33: Magnet excitation generator 37 ... Hanger 39 ... Wheelchair 41,45-47,49 ... Zener diode 42 ... Power transistor 44 ... Collector resistance 48 ... Electromagnetic brake 50 ... Relay 54 ... Power supply for ascending 55 ... Full-wave rectifier 60 ... Preload spring 61 ... Limit switch 62 ... Wire rope 63 ... Intermediate dock 64 ... Friction dock SW1-SW3 ... Switch

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takumi Harada 8-21-1, Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Takenaka Corporation Tokyo Main Store (72) Inventor Shigeo Uehara 1-5-5 Otsuka, Inzai City, Chiba Prefecture 1 Inside Takenaka Corporation Technical Research Institute (72) Inventor Takashi Yamamoto 8-21-1, Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Tokyo Main Office Takenaka Corporation (72) Inventor Isao Kashihara 2 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo No. 1-117 in Meidensha Co., Ltd. No. Inside Meidensha Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Naoya Shinkawa 2-5-1-15 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo F-term in Meiden Hoist System Co., Ltd. 3F002 EA09 GB02 3F3 01 AA11 BA08 BB10 BD29 DB05

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A guide rail which is inclined corresponding to this step is provided above a step formed from an upper part to a lower part to suspend and support a weak person and to follow the guide rail only by its own weight. And a rolling element which is rotated by engagement with a guide rail when the descending apparatus moves downward, and a rolling element which is interlocked with the rolling element. A magnet excitation generator that is driven to rotate by the rotation of the magnet excitation generator, and a zener diode that prevents the generation current from flowing until the generation voltage reaches a predetermined value is connected to the generation output terminal of the magnet excitation generator. Skew slider to do. 2. The skew slider according to claim 1, wherein a power transistor is connected between the power generation output terminals of the magnet excitation generator, and a zener diode is connected to a base circuit of the power transistor. 3. The skew slider according to claim 2, wherein two or more power transistors are connected in parallel, and a collector resistor is connected in series with the power transistor. 4. A switch according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of Zener diodes are connected in series and a switch for changing the number of applied voltages of the Zener diodes is provided.
The skew slider according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. A manually releasable non-excitation type electromagnetic brake for braking a magnet excitation generator, wherein another zener diode having a higher zener voltage than the zener diode and a relay is provided between a power generation output terminal of the magnet excitation generator. A series circuit is connected, and a contact point of the relay and a series circuit of the electromagnetic brake are connected between the power generation output terminals, so that the electromagnetic brake is de-energized when the another zener diode is turned on. The skew slider according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. A magnet-excited DC generator is used as the magnet-excited generator.
The skew slider according to any of the above. 7. The skewing slider according to claim 1, wherein a magnet-excited AC generator is used as the magnet-excited generator, and its AC output is converted to DC by full-wave rectification. 8. The magnet excitation generator can be supplied with power, and the magnet excitation generator can be driven to run as a motor by power supply.
The skew slider according to any of the above. 9. The skew slider according to claim 1, wherein the chain is fixed along the guide rail, and the rolling element on the descending machine side which engages with the chain is a sprocket. . 10. A guide rail having a curve as a guide rail, a curve chain deformable according to the curve of the guide rail is used as a chain, and a sprocket engaging with the chain is combined with a magnet excitation generator of a descending machine. The skew slider according to claim 9, wherein the skew slider is supported by a support shaft connected in an interlocking manner by a spline structure. 11. A plurality of descenders are provided, a contact-type limit switch is provided in front of each descender as the switch, and a dock is connected behind each descender via a wire, and the dock is connected to a guide rail. 8. The limit switch according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the limit switch is movably supported, and the limit switch is operated by contact between a dock of a forward descender and the limit switch of a rearward descender. Skewed slider. 12. A guide rail, which is inclined above the step formed from the upper part to the lower part, is provided corresponding to the step, and is provided horizontally above the floor of the upper part. A retracting rail connected to the guide rail is provided at the surface end position or at a position protruding and extending from the upper layer floor surface end, suspends and supports the weak, and is guided downward along the guide rail only by its own weight. A sloping slider provided with a descending device, and a connecting member for connecting the descending device and the weak person in a state where the weak person is in contact with the upper floor. 13. The skew slider according to claim 12, wherein said connecting member is constituted by a rigid hanger and a chain. 14. The skew slider according to claim 13, wherein a preload spring is provided on the chain.