JP2001323564A - Manufacturing method for structural body and backing jig used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a backing jig permitting the automation of welding with a simple configuration and backing jigs for which only one kind is required even for welding and jointing for plates having several kinds of thickness. SOLUTION: This is a manufacturing method for a structural body forming a box-shaped structural body by jointing columns and beams of the structural members. The structural body comprises a column 53, beams 51, 52, 61, 62,71 and 72 as structural members and column lid 60, and the jointing of the column 53 of the structural body and column lid 60 and the jointing of the column 53 and beam 51 or the like is performed respectively by the welding.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure and a backing jig used for the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in recent years, unit houses have been increasingly in the limelight in order to finish most of the house building in a factory and to greatly reduce site construction.

[0003] The applicant of the present invention has proposed a structure which is easy to manufacture and has excellent strength, "a pair of side plate portions having a contact side having a width equal to the width of a side wall of a rectangular steel pipe to be a column, A groove-shaped connecting piece having a bottom plate portion having a width corresponding to the groove width of the light-weight channel steel to be joined into a beam is formed by forming a contact side of the pair of side plate portions at both ends of a side wall at an end portion of the steel pipe. The bottom plate is fixed along the one side edge of the side wall of the steel pipe, and the end of the channel steel is overlapped on the inside or outside of the connecting piece. As a result, a building unit in which the upper and lower ends of the prisms arranged at the four corners are joined to the beams via the connecting pieces has already been proposed (JP-A-55-36536).

FIG. 21 is an explanatory view showing a structure of the unit house, and FIG. 22 is an explanatory view showing welding specifications of a joint of the unit.

[0005] As shown in FIG. 21, the structural unit 1 a of the unit house includes a girder ceiling beam 61, 62 and a ceiling joist 63.
Frame 6a formed by spanning the
The floor frame 7a is formed by suspending a floor joist 73 between the floor frames 1 and 72, and the wife frame 5a is formed by framing the pillar 53, the girder ceiling beam 51, and the girder floor beam 52.

A column cover 60 as an accessory is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the column 53 constituting the wife frame 5a by arc welding. Further, connecting pieces 54, 56, 55, and 57, which are other accessory parts, are attached to the pillar 53 by arc welding at the pillar ends.

Further, the connecting pieces 54, 56, 55,
A girder ceiling beam 51 and a girder floor beam 52 are inserted inside 57 and are joined by spot welding 59 as shown in FIG.

The ends of the girder beams 61, 62 of the ceiling frame 6a are inserted into the connecting pieces 54, 54 of the end frames 5a, 5a manufactured by the above welding.
5, the ends of the girder floor beams 71 and 72 of the floor frame 7a are inserted, and the overlapped portions are spot-welded in the same manner as described above.

[0009]

In the above-mentioned unit house structure, arc welding is used for the rigid joining of the three-dimensional frame, and in this arc welding, the plating deterioration of the welded portion due to heat influence. The range is widened, which leads to an increase in the running cost of the plating repair process, and also causes a large amount of spatter during welding to deteriorate the working environment. In the worst case, the work equipment may be stopped.

[0010] Further, in such arc welding, thermal effects are exerted over a wide range. For example, in the case of performing butt welding, burn-through is liable to occur, and the welding quality is reduced. In addition, there is a possibility that the dimensional accuracy of the joining portion is reduced. That is, in such arc welding, the welding distortion is large, and the rigid joint is deformed and the line is deformed.
The men may be deformed. Pareto, even if such deformation can be kept to a small extent, the deformation of the frame causes a mutual displacement when the units are stacked up and down, so that it is difficult to ignore it in terms of assembly dimensional accuracy.

Also, in arc welding, the toughness tends to decrease due to the coarsening of the crystal structure of the structural member. Since the rigid joints that cause the toughness decrease are the stress concentration points of the frame, the toughness decreases due to the welding heat. Is also a serious problem.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned housing unit requires two types of welding, arc welding and spot welding, so that the manufacturing process is dispersed and a wide space is required, and there is room for improvement in this respect. There is. In particular, spot welding is a contact type, requires a high degree of smoothness on the surface of the work, and the welding location is restricted by the overlapping surface of the plates.

As is well known, laser welding and plasma welding make it possible to perform concentrated melting with an extremely high energy density due to the light condensing property of the laser and the thermal pinch effect of the plasma arc. In addition, welding distortion can be substantially eliminated due to concentrated heating. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 6-47572 discloses a fuel which uses laser welding to unify the joining method as much as possible, and at the same time, reduces the number of parts and improves the corrosion resistance and the degree of freedom of the tank shape. A method for manufacturing a tank is described.

Further, in the above-mentioned housing unit, for example, a round pillar and its pillar lid are temporarily fixed and then welded while rotating, but at the time of this welding, a backing jig is used. May be used. However, since this backing jig is manually shifted sequentially in accordance with the rotation speed of the round column or column lid to be welded, when welding using the backing jig, automation is required. It has become difficult.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above situation,
A structure in which all or most of the structural members can be joined by welding, which provides excellent dimensional accuracy and mechanical strength by welding, ensures welding quality, and prevents undercuts from occurring. It is intended to enable the manufacture of a structure.

Further, the present invention enables the automation of welding with a simple structure, and also allows a single type of backing joint to be used for welding joints of various thicknesses. It is intended to provide a tool.

[0017]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a structure, comprising joining a structural member to form a structure. And an accessory part, characterized by a method of manufacturing a structure in which the structural member of the structure and the accessory part are joined by laser welding or plasma welding, respectively.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the rigid joining of the structure is performed by, for example, laser welding or plasma welding, the light condensing property of the laser or the plasma Due to the thermal pinch effect of the arc, etc., concentrated melting with extremely high energy density is possible, welding distortion can be substantially eliminated due to concentrated heating, and the heating area is kept very close to the welding interface. Thus, a decrease in toughness can be prevented.

In addition, according to the method of manufacturing a structure according to the first aspect of the present invention, deformation of the structure caused by welding strain at the rigid joint is eliminated, and rigid joints at stress concentration points are eliminated. As a result of increasing the toughness, it is possible to produce a box-shaped ramen structure of a unit house having excellent dimensional accuracy for assembly and excellent strength, for example.

According to the method for manufacturing a structure according to the first aspect of the present invention, as a welding for joining the structures, for example, in plasma welding, a plasma gas (for example, Ar + 5 to Ar + 5 to 7% H ₂ )
This is turned into plasma by an arc. At this time, an electric passage is formed between the electrode and the base material due to the electric conductivity of the plasma, and the magnetic field generated by the electric current in the electric passage causes the plasma arc to be thermally pinched. Because of the contraction, the heat source enters the inside of the work, and a keyhole welding mode in which the influence of heat is reduced is provided. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding distortion and the decrease in toughness due to the coarsening of the crystal of the base material. Also, in laser welding, since the laser has a strong light-collecting property and performs high-energy-density concentrated heating, similarly to the above, welding distortion occurs and the base material becomes coarse. A decrease in toughness can be prevented.

Further, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a structure, wherein the structural members are joined to each other by a joining part, and the structural member is inserted into and fixed to the joining part. In a manufacturing method, the joining between the joining component and the structural member is performed by laser welding or plasma welding.

Here, for example, the structural member is a column or a beam, and the joining member is a diaphragm or a joint piece.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, for example, even if overlay welding is performed between the diaphragm and the column, the welding is symmetrical with respect to the center axis of the column, and the welding distortion is reduced. Substantially does not affect the displacement of the rigid connection of the three-dimensional frame of the structure, and the diaphragm and the floor beam are joined by laser welding or plasma welding under such a configuration. Has excellent dimensional accuracy for assembly,
In addition, it is possible to manufacture a structure having excellent strength capable of making the diaphragm surface a high-precision building reference surface.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method of manufacturing a structure, the structural member is a column made of a hollow body, and a column cover as an accessory is attached to at least one of an upper end and a lower end of the column by a laser. It is characterized by joining by welding or plasma welding.

[0025] According to the third aspect of the present invention, for example, even if the build-up welding is performed between the column and the column lid,
The welding is symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the column, and the welding strain does not substantially affect the displacement of the rigid connection of the three-dimensional frame of the structure. Under such a configuration, for example, even when the joint member and the floor beam are joined by laser welding or plasma welding to form a ramen structure or the like, excellent dimensional accuracy is assured for assembly. In addition, it is possible to manufacture a unit housing structure having excellent strength capable of setting the joining member mounting surface to a high-precision building reference surface.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method of manufacturing a structure, at least one of a structural member, an accessory part, and the joint part of the structure is made of chrome steel. Is characterized by the following method.

[0027] According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since welding such as plasma welding can be performed efficiently,
It is possible to manufacture a structure having excellent durability that can withstand the high temperature of welding and does not require man-hours such as painting, re-polishing, refractory material, and coating.

Further, the method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the chromium steel material contains 10 to 15% chromium and the method for manufacturing a structure according to claim 4 is provided.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the durability is excellent and a significant cost reduction can be achieved.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a structure in which structural members are joined to form a structure, wherein the structural members are welded all around.
The method for manufacturing a structural material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of heat input is controlled stepwise.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since no heat is trapped in one location, no burn-through occurs and good welding quality can be secured.

A method of manufacturing a structure according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a structure in which structural members are joined to form a structure. The method is characterized by a method of manufacturing a structure in which a weld is welded at an angle to a direction in which gravity acts when welding is performed.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the undercut is generated by inclining the welded portion so that the molten pool stays in the arc plasma irradiated portion as much as possible and delays the solidification speed. Can be prevented.

Further, the backing jig according to claim 8 is a backing jig used for welding a structural member, the backing jig rotating and abutting on the back surface of a welding portion of the structural member. It is characterized by.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the backing jig contacts the back surface of the welding portion of the structural member while rotating, the welding is performed while rotating the structural member. Even so, automation becomes possible.

According to the ninth aspect, when a structural member to be welded having various thicknesses is used,
The rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of types of backing members corresponding to the thickness, and the rotating shaft is configured to be movable in the axial direction.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, even if only one kind of backing jig is used, the optimum backing jig according to the plate thickness is automatically mounted with a simple structure. Will be able to do that.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 10,
10. The backing jig according to claim 8, further comprising cooling means for cooling heat generated at the time of welding at the welding portion.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the cooling means cools the heat generated at the welding portion during welding.

Therefore, even when continuous welding is performed, the phenomenon that the weld metal falls off does not occur.
The function as the backing jig works reliably, and good welding work can be realized.

[0041]

Embodiment 1 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 4 show a method of manufacturing a structure according to the first aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the structure of the structure, and FIG.
(A) is a perspective view showing a welded portion of a column cover of the structure, FIG.
(B) is a sectional view showing a welded portion of a column cover of the structure, FIG.
(A) is a perspective view showing an assembled state of the end frame of the structure, FIG. 3 (B) is an explanatory view showing a connection of a laser welding or plasma welding portion, and FIG. 4 (A) is a column of the structure. FIG. 4B is an explanatory view showing a welding method for the lid, FIG. 4B is an explanatory view showing a welding method for assembling the end frame of the structure, and FIG. 4C is an explanatory view showing the welding method for assembling the structure. FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a structure 1b manufactured according to the first aspect of the present invention, and includes ceiling frames 6b, end frames 5b, 5b, and floor frames 7 as structural members.
b. The wife frames 5b, 5b are composed of a wife ceiling beam 51 and a wife floor beam 52 joined to a pair of left and right pillars 53, 53, and a girder ceiling beam 61 of the ceiling frame 6b is provided at the pillar end of the wife frame 5b. 62 and the girder floor beams 71 and 72 of the floor frame 7b are joined. These columns 53, 53 are made of a hollow square steel material, a girder ceiling beam 51, a girder floor beam 52, a girder ceiling beam 61, 62, a girder floor girder 7.
C-shaped steel can be used for 1, 72.

In manufacturing the structure 1b, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2A, first, a column cover 60, which is an accessory, is brought into contact with a column 53 and set with a jig k0.
As shown in (1), a laser beam or a plasma arc 31 is irradiated from a welding gun 3 using a laser or a plasma to a welding portion 58 to perform laser welding or plasma welding. The column lid 60 is necessary when connecting the structures vertically.

In this welding, as shown in FIG.
The welding gun 3 is raised and raised along both sides of the column lid 60 by a robot or the like to perform welding on both sides at once, and furthermore, the whole is 9
A welding method in which the same welding as described above is performed by rotating the shaft by 0 ° can be used.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The jigs k1, k1, k
1, set to k1, pillars 53, 53 and wife ceiling beam 51,
The floor beam 52 is fixed in abutted state, and the laser or plasma gun 3 is moved along the abutted portion to perform laser welding or plasma welding.

Also in this laser welding or plasma welding, a robot or the like is used, and as shown in FIG. 4 (B), first, the top beam 51 is turned upward, and the welding gun 3 is moved up and down → horizontally downward. The continuous welding is performed on both ends of the girder ceiling beam 51 by moving along the path of going up and down, and then, the girder floor beam 52 is turned upside down and the same welding is performed on the girder floor beam 52. A method performed at both ends can be used.

The girder ceiling beams 61 and 62 of the ceiling frame 6b and the floor frame 7 are attached to the wife frame 5b manufactured as described above.
b, the girder floor beams 71, 72 are set on a jig, and the girder ceiling beams 6 of the ceiling frame 6b are mounted on the columns 53, 53 of the wife frame 5b.
The beams 1 and 62 and the girder floor beams 71 and 72 of the floor frame 7b are fixed in abutted condition, and laser welding or plasma welding is performed in the same manner as the above-mentioned frame 5b, thereby manufacturing the unit house structure 1b according to the present invention. To end.

In this welding, a robot is used.
The both ends of the girder floor beam 71 and the girder ceiling beam are sequentially welded by moving the welding gun 3 on the girder floor beam 71 and the girder ceiling beam 62 upward and moving the welding gun 3 along a path of elevating and lowering horizontally. 62
Are performed at a total of four locations on both ends of the girder, and then the girder floor beam 72 and the girder ceiling beam 61 are turned upside down, and similar welding is sequentially performed on both ends of the girder floor beam 72 and both ends of the girder ceiling beam 61. Can be used at a total of four locations.

FIGS. 5 to 7 show a method of manufacturing the structure 10 '.

FIG. 5A is an explanatory view showing the structure 10 ', FIG. 5B is a perspective view showing a welded portion between the diaphragm and the floor beam of the structure, and FIG. FIG. 7A is an explanatory view showing a procedure, and FIG.
(B) is an explanatory view showing a method of welding the diaphragm and the beam.

FIG. 5A shows the structure of a structure 10 ′, which is composed of four columns 11 ′ and four floor beams 12 ′.
It has a surface U-shaped three-dimensional frame structure. Four floor beams 12 'are framed in a rectangular shape, and the floor beam 12' and the diaphragm 14 'are laser-welded or plasma-welded at each corner. By joining, a floor frame 13 'is formed, a column 11' having a circular cross section is inserted into each diaphragm 14 'of the floor frame 13', and the diaphragm 1 is placed at an arbitrary height position of the column 11 '.
4 'is build-up welded and has no ceiling beam. Column lids 111 'are welded to the upper and lower ends of these columns 11'. The column lid 111 ′ has a fitting ridge that protrudes in a ring shape on the outer end side, and the unit structure is vertically joined by a connector that fits into the fitting ridge.

A steel pipe or the like having a circular or square cross section can be used for the column 11 ', and a C-shaped steel or the like can be used for the floor beam 12'.

The diaphragm 14 'has a plurality of vertical flat surfaces. In the illustrated example, a pillar insertion hole is provided at the center of an octahedron. Two intersecting floor beams are joined to two flat surfaces of the plurality of flat surfaces, and the intersection angle of these flat surfaces coincides with the intersection angle of the two floor beams. In the illustrated example, the intersection angle is a right angle. Any other suitable flat surface other than these flat surfaces can be used as a building reference plane of the building for mounting the outer wall member, and the intersection angle formed by these flat surfaces is substantially equal to the intersection angle formed by the outer wall. Is done.
This crossing angle is usually a right angle.

As shown in FIG. 5 (B), when the C-shaped steel is used for the floor beam of the above-mentioned floor beam frame, that is, it has upper and lower flanges 12A 'and 12B' and an intermediate web 12C '. When a steel material 12 'having a cross-sectional shape is used, two upper and lower diaphragms 14A' and 14B 'can be used.

The C-shaped steel is a structural member which increases the section modulus by providing flanges on the upper and lower sides to concentrate the cross section of the member at a position separated from the neutral bending plane.
The element is borne by the tensile stress acting on one flange section and the compressive stress acting on the other flange section.

Thus, the upper flange 12A 'of the floor beam 12'
The side is joined to the upper diaphragm 14A 'by laser welding or plasma welding to form the lower flange 12' of the same floor beam 12 '.
If the B 'side is joined to the lower diaphragm 14B' by laser welding or plasma welding, the external force acting on the beam 12 'can be transmitted mechanically and naturally to the column 11'.
C 'need not be connected to either the diaphragm or the column.

In manufacturing the structure 10 ', first, as shown in FIG. 7A, a column cover 111' is abutted against the end of a cylindrical column 11 ', and this column cover is rotated with a rotating jig (see FIG. 7A). (Not shown), the entire body is rotated, and a laser or plasma from the welding gun 3 is irradiated on the welding interface to illuminate the column cover 11.
The entire circumference of 1 ′ is laser-welded or plasma-welded to the column ends, and the column covers 11
Join 1 '.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6A, four C-shaped steel floor beams 12 'are joined to the upper and lower four diaphragms 14A', 14B ', by laser welding or plasma welding. I do.

In this laser welding or plasma welding, a robot or the like is used, and as shown in FIG. 7 (B), first, the floor frame is oriented horizontally, and the welding gun 3 is moved up and down → horizontally downward. The upper flange 12A 'side of the C-shaped steel 12' is continuously welded to the upper diaphragm 14A 'at a total of four locations, and the floor frame is turned upside down. You can use any method that performs the same task as.

As shown in FIG. 8, a floor beam 101 'is attached to the floor frame 10' with bolts and the like, and a floor base plate 102 'is stretched thereon.

Further, the column lids are laser-welded or plasma-welded at the upper and lower ends to the column insertion holes of the diaphragms 14 ',... Of the floor frame 10' thus manufactured. .. Are inserted as shown in FIG. 6 (B) and fillet welding is performed by arc welding between the upper and lower diaphragms 14A 'and 14B' or one of the upper and lower diaphragms and the column 11 '. 'Production according to the present invention is terminated.

The structure 10 'in the first embodiment has a U-shape.
It can also be shaped.

In the production of any of the above structures, no special beveling is required for the welded joint at the time of laser welding or plasma welding, but welding is performed without removing plating on the welded part. It is desirable that the welding surface at the end of the beam be pretreated with an appropriate surface roughness by pre-cutting or the like so that plating vapor can easily escape. In this case, in laser welding, delicate gap management is necessary due to the laser condensing property, but in plasma welding, a somewhat rough gap is allowed because it is a wider heat source than laser welding. .

Each member of the above structure, that is, a column, a beam,
It is preferable to use a chromium steel material for the diaphragm, the column lid, and the like. In particular, those containing about 10% to 15% of chromium and having a black oxide film on the surface obtained by hot rolling are excellent. Suitable for corrosion resistance. If the chromium content is less than 10%, the durability may be inferior. If the chromium content exceeds 15%, a decarbonization step is required in the production process, resulting in an increase in cost.

This chromium steel material can omit various processes such as cold rolling, annealing, and pickling as compared with the conventional method for producing a glossy stainless steel material, and can greatly reduce costs. Withstand high temperature of welding, painting, re-polishing,
Excellent durability can be guaranteed without requiring man-hours such as a refractory coating. In particular, for laser welding, the black surface is advantageous because a high laser absorption rate can be guaranteed.

As a member of the above structure, mild steel, ferritic stainless steel, or the like can be used. In this case, in order to eliminate the danger of hydrogen embrittlement of the member during plasma welding, plasma gas is used. It is safe to use 100% argon gas. The chromium steel is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, and plasma welding with added hydrogen can be suitably performed. The other conditions in the plasma welding are not particularly different from those in the related art, and can be appropriately selected.

[0069]

Embodiment 2 Next, FIG. 9 shows a method of manufacturing a structure according to claim 6 of the present invention.

In the method of manufacturing a structure according to the second embodiment, the column lid 111 is butted against the column 11 (see FIG. 13), and full penetration welding is performed by plasma welding over the entire periphery of the butted portion. It is. In addition, in the method of manufacturing this structure, plasma welding is performed.
As shown in FIG. 0, a welding device 41, a control device 42 for controlling the welding device 41, and a work rotation motor 43 simultaneously controlled by the control device 42 are used.

The column 11 and the column lid 111 have 10 to 15
% Of chromium is used. In the second embodiment, the column 11 has a thickness of 4.5 mm and an outer diameter of 140 mm. On the other hand, the column lid 11 has a plate thickness of t8 mm and the same outer diameter as the column 11.

When welding the entire circumference, the control device 42
The amount of heat input is controlled continuously or stepwise, and the method of reducing the value of the current flowing through the torch during welding and the value of the flowing current are constant with respect to the entire length L to be welded. However, there are two ways to increase the welding speed.

The work rotating motor 43 forcibly rotates the plurality of rotating rolls 45 which are in contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the column 11 and the column cover 111 which are temporarily attached and integrated.

For example, in the second embodiment, in the former case, as shown in FIG. 11, in order to change the current value in a stepwise manner, the welding length L is divided into three equal parts, and the first and second welding steps are performed. The current value is gradually decreased in the order of the step and the third step, so that the calorific value associated with welding is also gradually decreased. In this case, the work rotating motor 43 is always rotated at the same peripheral speed.

That is, this is because the welding site is not heated until the welding is started, and the temperature is usually low.
It is necessary to increase the power of 1. afterwards,
Since the column 11 and the column lid 111 are gradually warmed by welding, the current value to be supplied to the welding device 41 is gradually reduced even if the position of the welding portion is shifted. In the welding area, heat is not concentrated in one place.

On the other hand, in the latter case, as shown in FIG. 12, the welding length L is divided into three equal parts, and the first, second, and third
In the order of steps, the speed of the work rotation drive motor 43 is gradually increased, whereby the welding speed is gradually increased. As a result, even if the heat generated by the welding up to that point is conducted at each welding site, the influence is removed by gradually lowering the amount of heat generated by the welding there. In this case, contrary to the former case, the value of the current supplied to the welding device 41 is always kept constant.

By performing the plasma welding in this manner, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the burn-through phenomenon of the welded portion, which has been generated due to the accumulation of heat accompanying the welding, and to obtain good welding quality. become.

[0078]

[Embodiment 3] Next, FIG.
Is shown. In this embodiment, members that are the same as or equivalent to those used in the other embodiments are given the same reference numerals, and redundant description is avoided.

In the manufacturing apparatus of this structure, Embodiment 2
However, the torch 44, which is a part of the welding device 41, is inclined at an angle θ with respect to the welding portion between the column 11 and the column lid 111. is there.

The column 11 used here has a plate thickness of t2.3 and an outer diameter of 140 mm. On the other hand, the column lid 11 having a plate thickness of t8 and the same outer diameter as the column 11 is used, and the plate thickness difference (5.
7 mm) is larger than that of the second embodiment (3.5 mm).

Usually, for example, when welding a portion having a large difference in plate thickness, the column lid 111 having a large heat capacity is necessarily cooled before the column 11 side. Although the undercut Y tends to be formed, in the third embodiment, the occurrence is prevented by inclining the torch 44.

Here, the undercut Y is
A typical welding defect, the weld line L of the weld Z
This is a defect in which a sharp V-groove is formed along (see FIG. 17). When an external load acts on the defect, stress concentrates on the defect, and there is a possibility that the undercut portion is broken. The cause of the occurrence of the undercut is due to the difference in the solidification temperature of the butted workpieces.

According to the third embodiment, the torch 44 is inclined with respect to the vertical direction in which gravity acts, so that the welding portion is inclined with respect to the vertical direction for welding. As a result, the irradiation area of the plasma arc at the welded portion is increased by the amount of the inclination, and as shown in FIG.
Can slow down coagulation. In this way, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the difference in solidification speed, which is the cause of the occurrence of undercut. In addition, in the same figure, the code | symbol U has shown the solidification bead.

[0084]

Embodiment 4 Next, FIGS. 18 and 19 show a backing jig used in a structure manufacturing apparatus according to claims 8 and 9 of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, the same or equivalent members as those used in the other first to third embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be avoided.

The backing jig 8 of the fourth embodiment has a base B provided on the housing H so as to be movable back and forth, a rotary joint 81A provided on the base B, and a rotatable support by the rotary joint 81A. A rotating shaft 81 that is driven to rotate via a motor and a speed reducer (not shown), a jig body 82 fixed to a tip end of the rotating shaft 81, and a jig body 82 having a pillar (with a round cross section) 11 In order to back up the welding portion, an auxiliary cylinder 83 for moving the rotary shaft 81 forward and backward with respect to the base B in the radial direction of the column 11 and a housing H are provided. A main cylinder 84 for moving the base B and the jig body 82 back and forth in parallel with the rotary shaft 81 to enter the section, and a cooling means for constantly cooling the heat generated from the welding site. The column 11 and the column lid 111 are butt-welded, but prior to this, a temporary attachment is performed between the two.

The rotary shaft 81 is formed with a water passage hole serving as a cooling means from at least the cooling water inlet 81B to the cooling water outlet 81C, and always allows cooling water to flow inside to promote cooling of welding heat. It has become.

In the fourth embodiment, the jig body 82 has rollers having three types of small, medium, and large outer diameters so that the plate thickness difference between the column 11 and the column lid 111 can be freely adjusted. (Hereinafter referred to as small rollers 82A to large rollers 82C) are attached in a line in the longitudinal direction, and by rotating the rotating shaft 81 in the axial direction, the roller diameter is appropriately changed according to the thickness difference. I can do it.

According to the fourth embodiment, the backing jig 8 can be inserted into the column 11 via the column cover 111, automatically mounted, and continuously rotated by a motor to perform automatic welding. However, it is configured to be able to automatically correspond to various plate thickness differences.

This will be described with reference to FIG.

For example, as shown in FIG.
In the case where A is thick and the thickness difference between the pillar 11 and the thick pillar lid 111 is small, as shown in FIG. In order to cope with the difference, the main cylinder 84 is operated, and the rotary shaft 81 is moved in the axial direction to a position where the roller pair 82A, 82B is installed. In addition, the auxiliary cylinder 83 is operated, and the small and medium rollers 82A, 82
2B is abutted and arranged on the step surface portion. In addition, the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 81 is adjusted in consideration of these outer diameter dimensions. In other words, the operation of the motor for driving the rotation shaft 81 (not shown) is controlled by a control device (not shown) so that the roller pair 82A, 82B rotates at the same peripheral speed as the peripheral speed of the column 11A and the column cover 111. To control. The column 11A and the column lid 1
A motor for driving the drive roller R1 (not shown) is separately provided for the rotation drive of the motor 11.

On the other hand, since the column 11A is thin,
In the case where there is a large difference in plate thickness between
As shown in (2), a small roller 82A and a large roller 82C are used to cope with the difference in plate thickness. That is, similarly, the rotating shaft 81 is moved in the axial direction to the position where the roller pair 82A, 82C is installed, and is arranged so as to abut on both step portions from the back side. Similarly, the operation of the motor for driving the rotating shaft 81 is controlled so that these rollers rotate at the same peripheral speed as the peripheral speed of the column 11A and the column cover 111. In the fourth embodiment, the joint between one end of the pillar 11 and the pillar lid 111 has been described. However, since the pillar lid 111 is located at both ends of the pillar 11, the same backing jig is used. Installed on both sides.

Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment, the pair of rollers 82A to 82A forming the optimum shape according to the thickness of the plate is used.
The jig body 82 made of C is arranged in a line along the longitudinal direction of the backing jig, and whenever the thickness difference between the pillar 11 to be joined and the pillar lid 111 changes, the jig body 82 is By changing the stroke to be inserted into the inside 11, an optimal backing jig is set.

In addition, by performing cooling by passing cooling water as cooling means, the heat associated with welding can be efficiently removed. Therefore, even when continuous welding is performed, the phenomenon that the weld metal falls off. Does not occur, the function of the backing jig works reliably, and good welding work can be realized. Thereby, although it is of a simple configuration,
Since the backing jig according to the thickness difference can be automatically set in the production line where the pillars 11 having different thicknesses flow randomly, continuous automatic welding can be realized,
The effect of dramatically improving production efficiency is obtained.

[0094]

As described above, in the structure manufacturing method according to the first aspect of the present invention, the rigid joint of the structure is performed by, for example, laser welding or plasma welding. Because of the light condensing property of the laser and the thermal pinch effect of the arc, it is possible to perform concentrated melting with extremely high energy density, and to substantially eliminate welding distortion due to concentrated heating. The region is kept very close to the weld interface, so that a decrease in toughness can be prevented.

In addition, according to the method of manufacturing a structure according to the first aspect of the present invention, deformation of the structure caused by welding distortion at the rigid nodes is eliminated, and the toughness of the rigid nodes at the stress concentration points is eliminated. As a result, it has excellent dimensional accuracy for assembly,
For example, a ramen structure of a unit house having excellent strength can be manufactured.

According to the method of manufacturing a structure according to the first aspect of the present invention, as a welding for joining the structures, for example, in plasma welding, a plasma gas (for example, Ar + 5 to 7+) is formed from around the electrode. % H ₂ ), which is turned into plasma by an arc. At this time, an electric passage is formed between the electrode and the base material due to the electric conductivity of the plasma. The heat source enters the inside of the work due to the thermal pinch effect, which results in a keyhole welding mode in which the heat influence is reduced, resulting in the occurrence of welding distortion and the coarsening of the base material crystal. The toughness can be prevented from lowering due to the formation. Also, in laser welding,
Since the laser has a high light-collecting property and performs high-energy-density concentrated heating, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding distortion and the decrease in toughness due to the coarsening of the base material, as described above.

Further, in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the second aspect, for example, even when overlay welding is performed between the diaphragm and the column, the welding is symmetric with respect to the center axis of the column, and the welding distortion is reduced. Substantially does not affect the displacement of the rigid nodes of the three-dimensional frame of the structure, and the diaphragm and the floor beam are joined by laser welding or plasma welding under such a configuration. Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture a structure having excellent dimensional accuracy for assembling and excellent strength capable of making the diaphragm surface a high-precision building reference surface.

Further, in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the third aspect, even when, for example, build-up welding is performed between a column and the column lid, the welding is symmetrical with respect to the center axis of the column, and the welding distortion is caused. Does not substantially affect the displacement of the rigid joints of the three-dimensional frame of the structure. Under such a configuration, for example, laser welding or plasma welding is performed between the joint member and the floor beam. Even if they are joined together to form a ramen structure, etc., they have excellent dimensional accuracy for assembling, and a unit housing structure with excellent strength that can make the joining member mounting surface a high-precision building reference surface. Can be manufactured.

In the method of manufacturing a structure according to the fourth aspect, since welding such as plasma welding can be performed efficiently, it is necessary to endure the high temperature of welding and to require man-hours such as painting, repolishing, refractory material, and coating. A structure having excellent durability can be manufactured.

Further, according to the fifth aspect, the durability is excellent and a significant cost reduction can be achieved.

Further, according to the structure manufacturing method of the sixth aspect, since heat does not stay in one place, no burn-through occurs and good welding quality can be secured.

Further, according to the structure manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the weld pool is inclined so that the molten pool stays in the arc plasma irradiation section as much as possible, and the solidification rate is delayed, so that the undercut is reduced. Generation can be prevented.

Further, according to the backing jig used in the structure manufacturing method according to the eighth aspect, since the rotary backing jig is cooled by the cooling means, it is possible to continuously rotate the structural member while rotating the structural member. Even in the case of welding, automation becomes possible.

Further, according to the backing jig used in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the ninth aspect, even if it is of one kind,
Since the optimal backing jig according to the plate thickness can be automatically mounted with a simple configuration, automatic welding on a production line where columns and column covers with random plate thickness flows can be used. It is practically useful, for example, and can be expected to have the effect of dramatically improving productivity.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a structure manufactured by a method for manufacturing a structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2 (A) is a perspective view showing a welded portion of a column cover of the above structure, and FIG. 2 (B) is a welded portion of a column cover of the above structure; FIG. FIG.

3 (A) is a perspective view showing the assembly of the end frame of the above structure, and FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a connection of a laser weld or a plasma weld of the above structure.

4 (A) is an explanatory view showing a method of welding a column cover of the above structure, and FIG. 4 (B) is a diagram showing a structure when a wive frame of the above structure is assembled. FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a welding method of the above, and an explanatory view showing a welding method at the time of assembling the above structure.

5A is a perspective view showing a structure without a ceiling beam, and FIG. 5B is a floor beam of the structure according to the first embodiment; FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the joining structure of an accessory part.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating a structure of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 6A illustrates a floor and FIG. 6B illustrates a manufacturing procedure.

7 (A) is an explanatory view showing a method of welding a column cover of the above structure, and FIG. 7 (B) is a floor frame of the above structure; FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the welding method at the time of assembling.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a flooring structure of a floor frame in the structure of the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a joint state between a pillar and a pillar lid welded to the pillar in the method for manufacturing a structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a welding apparatus and the like used for welding a column and a column lid in a method for manufacturing a structure according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for controlling a welding device in the method for manufacturing a structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing another control method of the welding device in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a welded joint between a column and a column cover in the structure of the second embodiment.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an undercut generated during welding as a comparative example.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a welding device and the like in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a state of welding in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a front view of a welded portion for explaining how a weld pool is formed in the method of manufacturing a structure according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a partial sectional view showing a backing jig used in the method for manufacturing a structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state where the backing jig according to the fourth embodiment is installed, as viewed from a side.

FIG. 20 shows a backing jig according to the fourth embodiment, which is shown in FIG.
21 is a schematic view showing a portion to be welded by the backing jig, and (B) and (C) of FIG. 20 are schematic views showing the operation of the backing jig.

FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view showing a structure of a conventional unit house.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing a welding specification of a joint of a conventional structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1b Structure 41 Welding device 42 Control device 43 Motor 44 Torch 5b Wife frame 51 Wife ceiling beam (structural member) 52 Wife floor beam (structural member) 53 Column (structural member) 6b Ceiling frame 60 Column cover (attachment part) 61, 62 girder ceiling beam 63 ceiling joist 7b floor frame 71, 72 girder floor beam (structural member) 73 floor joist 8 backing jig 81 rotating shaft 82 jig body 81B cooling water inlet 81C cooling water outlet 83 auxiliary cylinder 84 main cylinder k0 Jig 10 'Structural body 11' Column (structural member) 12 'Floor beam (structural member) 12A' Flange 12B 'Flange 12C' Web 14 'Diaphragm 14A' Upper diaphragm 14B 'Lower diaphragm 111' Column cover (accessory part) S Plasma arc irradiation part T Weld pool U Solidification bead

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) B23K 26/00 310 B23K 26/00 310N 31/00 31/00 H 37/047 501 37/047 501C E04C 2/30 E04C 2/30 Y // B23K 103: 04 B23K 103: 04

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A method of manufacturing a structure, comprising joining a structural member to form a structure, wherein the structure has a structural member and an accessory, and the structural member and the accessory of the structure are provided. Characterized by performing laser welding or plasma welding respectively to the structure. 2. A method for manufacturing a structure in which structural members are joined to each other by a joining part, and the structural member is inserted into and fixed to the joining part to form a structure. A method for producing a structure, characterized in that the joining with the substrate is performed by laser welding or plasma welding. 3. The structural member is a pillar made of a hollow body,
The method according to claim 1, wherein a column cover as an accessory is joined to at least one of an upper end and a lower end of the column by laser welding or plasma welding. 4. The structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a structural member, an accessory part, and the joint part of the structure is made of a chromium steel material. Manufacturing method. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the chromium steel material contains 10 to 15% of chromium. 6. A method of manufacturing a structure in which a structural member is joined to form a structure, wherein the amount of heat input is controlled stepwise when the structural member is welded over the entire circumference. Item 6. A method for manufacturing a structure according to any one of Items 1 to 5. 7. A method for manufacturing a structure for joining a structural member to form a structure, wherein a gravity acts on a welded portion when performing a penetration welding with a structural member having a difference in plate thickness. A method for manufacturing a structure, characterized in that welding is performed at an angle to a direction. 8. A backing jig used for welding a structural member, wherein the backing jig rotates and abuts on a back surface of a welding portion of the structural member. 9. When a structural member to be welded having various thicknesses is used, a plurality of types of backing members corresponding to the thickness are provided on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is movable in the axial direction. The backing jig according to claim 8, wherein the backing jig is configured. 10. The backing jig according to claim 8, further comprising a cooling means for cooling heat generated at the time of welding at said welding portion.