JP2001317305A - Method and device for controlling turbine generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a control method of a turbine generator by maximizing power generating quantity within a limited range of the power generating quantity and in such a way as not to flow it backwards, and provide a device therefor. SOLUTION: (1) Air bleeding pressure is controlled to be constant as a change of air bleeding quantity appears to be variation of the air bleeding pressure as a means to constantly secure necessary quantity of steam quantity (air bleeding quantity). (2) Controllable power generating quantity is restricted by the control of (1), a condensate flow is increased to the maximum in this restricted range of power generating quantity, the air bleeding quantity at that time is maximized, and it is made to be the largest power generating quantity. (3) The power generating quantity is forcibly restricted in the case that it becomes a reverse flow when the power generating quantity exceeds necessary quantity by the combination of (1) and (2). It is possible to prevent pressure variation of a steam header in the case when the steam quantity is suddenly decreased, and it is possible to secure the power generating quantity by controlling an atmospheric air discharge valve even when the turbine itself cannot increase the power generating quantity as it comes to be a limit of quantity of a condense, that is, when opening of a low pressure valve comes to be the upper limit.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a facility for supplying steam energy and electric power energy for industrial use,
Particularly suitable for controlling the turbine generator output to the maximum when the capacity of the condenser is limited, or suitable for securing the required extraction steam and electric energy especially when the capacity of the condenser is limited. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling a turbine / generator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, industrial private power generation equipment that supplies both steam and electric power to demand equipment such as various facilities in a factory has been used. A system is used.

[0003] The steam generated in the boiler is used for two purposes: steam for power generation and various equipment in the factory. In using steam, if the steam generated by the boiler is used as it is for factory steam, it is necessary to reduce the temperature and pressure and reduce the temperature. That is, the energy that has been secured is wasted.

[0004] To prevent this, steam generated by the boiler is once supplied to an extraction turbine, and a portion of the steam used for power generation is extracted and used as factory steam. That is, bleed air is used. The steam that is not extracted is further returned to the condenser through the extraction turbine.

When the extraction turbine / generator system has a sufficient condenser capacity, the steam amount and the electric power amount can be controlled according to the required amounts.

The power system of the bleed turbine / generator system is shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the outside line (a system for buying external electricity,
It is for power purchase. ) And private power generators to supply power to demand equipment. Usually, the outside line (supplied by the power company) and the private generator are operated in parallel,
The base supplies electric power to demand equipment by a private generator,
The shortfall in the power demand facilities is supplemented by external lines (power purchase).

[0007] On a promise to the electric power company, the power generation facilities of the private power generator need to have the power generation capability of the private power generator so that the so-called reverse tide phenomenon, which is the phenomenon of supplying power from the private generator side to the outside line, does not occur. It is a general method of operating an extraction turbine / generator to perform so-called power purchase with less power than the power to be supplied. However, the set value of the amount of received power supplemented from an external line is made variable. FIG. 7 shows a control system diagram of a conventional extraction turbine / generator for private power generation. As described above, the capacity of the condenser in a normal extraction turbine / generator system for private power generation is sufficiently large, so that the amount of steam used for the private generator is smaller than the amount of steam used in the factory (the amount of extracted air). When it is large, the amount of extracted air and the amount of steam for power generation can be individually controlled by increasing the amount of condensate.

Therefore, in order to prevent the so-called reverse tide phenomenon from occurring, the received power set value (variable) and the actually measured received power are matched so that constant power is supplied (purchased) by the outside line, and the power is always purchased. The governor control device calculates the amount of steam for power generation such that the amount of received power exceeds 0 kW, for example, 100 kw or more, and controls the governor control device based on a necessary control signal of the amount of steam for power generation. The opening of the high-pressure valve for introducing steam to the high-pressure turbine and the low-pressure valve for introducing steam to the low-pressure turbine in the extraction turbine including the pressure system turbine is adjusted.

At this time, if the amount of steam required in the factory is controlled preferentially, when the required amount of factory steam is large, it is necessary to increase steam extraction by supplying steam to the turbine.
If the generated power needs to be increased at that time, the amount of steam to be supplied is further increased to generate power, and the steam is returned to the condenser. However, in the extraction turbine power generation system as an object of the present invention, the condensate obtained by cooling after being used for driving turbines such as a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine in the extraction turbine is stored in a condensate tank. However, because the capacity of the condenser tank is limited, even if the amount of steam required for power generation still has a margin, it cannot be generated any more when the capacity of the condenser reaches its full capacity. In other words, the generated power is not required to be controlled, and it is left to the end.

On the other hand, if the generated power is controlled preferentially, when the required amount of power is small, the amount of steam supplied to the turbine is also reduced, and the amount of extracted air is reduced accordingly, so that the required amount of factory steam can be secured. There is no case.

Next, when the required amount of power generation is large, it is necessary to increase the amount of steam supplied to the extraction turbine. If it is still necessary to increase the amount of power generation even when the condenser is full, increase the amount of steam supplied and use it for power generation, but since the steam used for power generation cannot be returned to the condenser, the amount of bleed air must be reduced. Need to increase. In that case, if the plant equipment does not need as much steam, it becomes excess steam and must be discarded.

[0012]

The above conventional turbine power plant does not consider a method of obtaining the maximum output of the turbine / generator in a certain operating state, and the turbine power plant having the extraction turbine satisfies the following conditions. And it is necessary to consider a method of economical driving.

(1) It is not permissible to generate a so-called reverse tide of the amount of power generation, which is a phenomenon in which power is supplied from a generator to an outside line in relation to a power company. (2) In order to secure the amount of steam used in a factory or the like, the highest priority is given to securing the amount of steam extracted from the extraction turbine without using it for power generation. For that purpose, it is necessary to consider a method of controlling the amount of power generation. (3) If the amount of power generation is insufficient for the amount of power used, it will be covered by receiving a fixed amount of power from an external line (power purchase), but minimize the amount of power received from the external line to avoid unnecessary expenses. There must be.

When a large amount of electric power is required without much need for factory steam (extracted steam), the extracted steam has no place to go and needs to be released to the atmosphere as surplus steam.

(4) Normally, one unit of steam / power supply equipment is installed in a factory. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve coordination between the amount of steam for the factory and the amount of power generation using only this equipment. (5) There is a limit on the condensing capacity. (6) Due to the nature of equipment in a factory that consumes steam, the amount of steam consumption may suddenly drop or become unnecessary at random. Unless the power generation amount is always secured and the steam pressure (bleeding pressure) is kept constant for such plant-side equipment, a device using steam will not operate normally, and for example, products obtained by the device will be used. Will have a negative effect on the quality of the product. Moreover, sudden changes in steam consumption can frequently occur, and it is not known when such will occur.

In the prior art, the atmospheric discharge valve attached to the steam header for sending steam from the extraction turbine to the plant equipment is controlled only by the pressure control circuit. At that point, or the amount of power consumed was greater than the amount of steam consumed, and when the balance was lost, the amount of power generation was reduced and the shortfall had to be covered by power purchase. When the required steam amount in the factory equipment changes suddenly, the pressure control alone causes a delay, which causes a pressure fluctuation, which causes a problem in quality control of factory products.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bleed-type turbine which maximizes the power generation within a range where the power generation is limited due to a small condensing capacity or the like, and prevents the so-called reverse tide. An object of the present invention is to provide a generator control method and apparatus.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the balance between the amount of power generation and the amount of bleed air in power generation equipment intended for self-consumption because the capacity of the condenser is limited, resulting in the release of excess steam. And a method and apparatus for controlling the turbine and power generation equipment when the power generation is stopped.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for controlling a turbine and a power generation facility in which the steam pressure is kept constant even when the required steam amount (bleed amount) changes suddenly.

[0020]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally has the following arrangement. (1) The steam amount (bleed amount) required at a factory or the like is always secured, and a change in the bleed amount appears as a change in the bleed pressure, so that the bleed pressure is kept constant so as not to change the bleed pressure. Such control is the highest priority control. This is done with a governor control device of the prior art.

(2) According to the control of the above (1), after securing a necessary steam amount (extracted air amount) in a factory facility or the like, the steam is used for power generation and the controllable steam amount is limited. Therefore, the controllable power generation amount is also limited. Therefore, in order to maximize the power generation output within the range of the limited power generation amount, the condensate amount is increased to the maximum, and the bleeding amount at that time is also increased to the maximum, and a control system is formed so as to obtain the maximum power generation amount.

(3) In the case of the combination of (1) and (2), there are cases where the actual amount of power generation exceeds the required amount of power generation. In this case, a so-called reverse tide occurs, so it is necessary to limit the amount of power generation. In that case, it is achieved by generating a control signal for forcibly restricting the power generation amount and automatically selecting this control system.

(4) The upper limit of the opening degree of the low-pressure valve of the low-pressure turbine in the extraction turbine having the low-pressure turbine and the high-pressure turbine when the power consumption is greater than the amount of steam supplied to the factory (the amount of extracted air). If the amount of power generation is still insufficient even after reaching, the following control is performed. That is, without controlling the steam flow rate to be sent to the steam header based on the difference between the steam pressure and the set value, adjusting the steam flow rate based on the received power and the difference between the set value and the atmosphere attached to the steam header. When the opening of the low-pressure valve becomes equal to or less than the upper limit after the control for making the received power constant, the opening of the normal low-pressure valve is controlled. In the range below the upper limit of, the steam flow sent to the steam header is controlled based on the deviation between the steam pressure and the set value.

(5) The problem can be solved by giving the following functions to the control of surplus steam release. Functionally, turbine bleeding also contributes to power generation in relation to the amount of power generation, not the amount of steam (the amount of bleed air) required by the facilities in the factory. When the amount of steam extracted from the turbine increases, a function is provided to release excess steam after use to secure the power generation amount to the atmosphere. Also, if the required amount of steam suddenly decreases or becomes unnecessary, if control for adjusting the steam flow rate is performed after detecting the steam pressure, the start of the control will be delayed, resulting in a change in steam pressure. appear.

In order to solve this, an element in which the steam pressure (bleed pressure) decreases rapidly is detected, and the steam pressure (bleed pressure) required in the steam header for sending steam to the facilities in the factory is changed. Releases excess steam into the atmosphere before appearing. In this case, since the opening of the air release valve is kept constant, it is not known where the balance is obtained. In order to prevent this, the control is returned to the normal top priority steam pressure control such that the bleed pressure becomes constant after a certain period of time. Thus, it is possible to appropriately control the time required to return from the state in which the atmospheric discharge valve is forcibly opened to the normal pressure control of the above (1), and the steam pressure (bleed pressure) does not substantially fluctuate. Will be.

Therefore, the above object of the present invention is solved by the following constitution. (A) In a control method of a turbine / generator including a bleeding turbine having a limited capacity of a condenser and a generator for generating power by the bleeding turbine, the required amount of bleeding steam is always adjusted so that the bleeding steam pressure is constant. The control to be secured is given the highest priority, the condensed water amount is maximized within the range of the power generation amount limited by the bleeding necessary steam amount control, and the generator is set so as to have the maximum power generation amount in the bleeding necessary steam amount. A method of controlling a turbine / generator that controls steam consumption and forcibly controls the amount of power generation to be within the required amount of power generation when the amount of generated power at this time exceeds the required amount of power generation.

(B) In a control apparatus for a turbine / generator provided with an extraction turbine having a limited capacity of a condenser and a generator for generating electric power by the extraction turbine, the extraction steam amount at which the extraction steam pressure becomes constant. And the maximum condensate amount within the range of the power generation amount limited by the extracted steam amount, and based on the function generator and the measured power generation amount that output a predetermined maximum power generation amount in the extracted steam amount, Based on a power generation amount calculator that outputs a power generation amount equal to or less than the maximum power generation amount in the extracted steam amount, a power reception amount set value in which the power reception amount is set to receive a constant power supply from an external line, and an actually measured power reception amount. A power generation amount calculator that calculates a power generation amount such that the measured received power amount is equal to or greater than the received power amount set value, and outputs a calculated power generation amount, and a power generation amount output by the two power generation amount calculators. Low power generation -Option and a low selector for outputting the control device of the turbine generator with a pressure valve control device for controlling the differential pressure valve of one or more steam pressure bleed turbine based on the power generation amount of position low.

(C) A bleed turbine having at least a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine respectively provided with a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve, a generator for generating power by the bleed turbine, and atmospheric discharge for sending bleed air from the bleed turbine to a factory In the control method of a turbine / generator provided with a steam header having a valve, (a) a steam flow to be sent to a steam header based on a difference between a steam pressure and a set value thereof in a range equal to or less than an upper limit of an opening of the low-pressure valve. (B) When the power steam consumption is large compared to the factory air supply steam amount, and the power generation amount is still insufficient even when the upper limit of the opening degree of the low-pressure valve is reached,
Without controlling the steam flow to be sent to the steam header based on the difference between the steam pressure and the set value, the received power is controlled based on the difference between the received power and the set value and the received power is controlled by the opening of the atmospheric release valve. (C) After the control to set the received power to a constant value, when the opening of the low-pressure valve becomes equal to or less than the upper limit, the control returns to the control of (a). Control method.

(D) an extraction turbine having at least a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine respectively provided with a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve, a generator for generating electric power by the extraction turbine, and an atmosphere for sending extraction air from the extraction turbine to a factory. In the method for controlling a turbine / generator provided with a steam header having a discharge valve, (a) steam to be sent to a steam header based on a deviation between a steam pressure and a set value thereof in a range equal to or less than an upper limit of an opening of the low-pressure valve. The flow rate is controlled, and (b) the opening degree of the atmosphere release valve is determined in advance in accordance with the vapor pressure at the time of abnormality in preparation for the case where an abnormality occurs. A) The control method of the turbine / generator for stopping the control and performing the control of (b).

(E) A control device for performing the method (C). (F) A control device for performing the method (D). According to the present invention, a steam amount (extracted amount) can always be supplied from a turbine / generator by a required amount.
Economic operation is possible by generating the maximum power generation amount corresponding to the bleeding amount at that time.

[0031]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the entire system of the turbine power generation facility. A generator 2 is directly connected to the extraction turbine 1, and guides steam generated by a boiler (not shown) to the extraction turbine 1 through a high-pressure valve 3. The steam flowing into the bleed turbine 1 is supplied to the high-pressure turbine 1-1, a part of the steam is discharged from the bleed outlet 20, the temperature of the steam is reduced by the temperature-reduced water supplied from the feedwater flow control valve 11, and the steam is supplied to the steam header 13. . A part of the steam in the extraction turbine 1 is used for driving the low-pressure turbine 1-2 through the low-pressure valve 4 and then flows into a condenser (not shown).

By appropriately controlling the high-pressure valve 3 and the low-pressure valve 4, the amount of steam extracted (extracted) from the extraction turbine 1 is supplied to the steam header 13 according to the required amount, and is used for various facilities in the factory. . At this time, the governor control device 16 (FIG. 3)
Also, the bleed pressure is controlled to be constant.

At that time, the amount of power generated by the generator 2 is basically controlled by the high-pressure valve 3 in accordance with the amount of extracted air. However, since the turbine 1 of the present invention is of the bleed type, if the bleed amount is taken as needed, the amount of power generation steam supplied to the low-pressure turbine 1-2 fluctuates. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to control the amount flowing into the low-pressure turbine 1-2 by the low-pressure valve 4 to control the power generation amount. Therefore, in order to control the power generation amount, it is necessary to control the opening of the low-pressure valve 4, but finally, the opening of the high-pressure valve 3 is controlled. The low-pressure valve 4 can adjust the amount of bleed air and the rate of return to the condenser.

The turbine bypass valve 5 shown in FIG. 1 is operated when the required amount of steam to be sent to the factory is not satisfied only by the amount of bleed air from the bleed air turbine 1 when the bleed turbine 1 is started and during operation. Normally, the turbine bypass valve 5 is closed, and when the pressure in the steam header 13 falls below a specified value, the turbine bypass valve 5 is controlled by the pressure controller 8.
Is automatically opened.

However, since the temperature of the steam sent from the boiler (not shown) to the steam passage in which the turbine bypass valve 5 is installed is high, the temperature of the steam is reduced by the feed water flow control valve 9 and is guided to the steam header 13. After the steam from the bleed port 20 of the turbine 1 is used in the high-pressure turbine 1-1, the flow rate of the steam is measured by the flow rate detector 14. The temperature is reduced while the temperature is measured in the above, and the required amount of steam to be sent to the factory therein is introduced into the steam header 13.

When the pressure of the steam header 13 becomes higher than a specified value, the atmosphere discharge valve 7 discharges steam to the nozzle 1.
It is provided to release from zero. The amount of released steam is controlled by the pressure controller 6 based on the pressure of the steam header 13.
The steam flow rate for factory air supply is adjusted based on the detection signal of the steam flow rate detector 15 and the pressure controller 6.

The amount of steam consumed by the extraction turbine 1 and the amount of power generation are in a proportional relationship. The higher the steam consumption, the higher the power generation. The lower the steam consumption, the lower the power generation. The extraction is to extract steam from the middle of the extraction turbine 1. That is, the bleed-type turbine 1 consumes part of the energy of the steam for power generation in the bleed turbine 1, and uses the remaining energy as factory steam.

Returning steam to the condenser without bleeding means that all the energy of the steam is to be consumed by the bleeding turbine 1 for power generation. This means that even if the amount of steam entering the extraction turbine 1 is the same, the amount of power generation will be different if the amount of extraction is different. Even if the amount of steam entering the extraction turbine 1 is the same, if the amount of extraction is large, the amount of power generation will be smaller than when all the steam is used in the extraction turbine 1 and returned to the condenser.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship. First, the curves of steam consumption and power generation are different when the amount of condensate is minimum and maximum. When the amount of condensed water is minimum (the amount of extracted air is maximum), the amount of power generation is small even with the same steam consumption. If the amount of condensate is intermediate, the amount of power generation is also intermediate.

FIG. 2 shows the characteristics of the bleed turbine / generator whose capacity of the condenser not shown in FIG. 1 is limited. Numerical values are shown by specific examples for simplicity of explanation. Example Generator capacity 9900 KW Turbine steam consumption 70 T / Hr Bleed air volume 60 T / Hr Condensate water volume 1-10 T / Hr In the case of a turbine / generator having a capacity indicated by each physical property value or more, steam in the bleed turbine 1 The amount of consumption and the amount of power generated by the generator 2 are as follows.

That is, when the amount of steam (extracted air) required by the facilities in the factory is 40 T / Hr, the condensed water amount is 1 to
By changing between 10 T / Hr, the amount of power generated by the generator 2 can be controlled between 5,700 to 8,700 KW. At this time, the amount of steam consumed by the extraction turbine 1 is 41 to 50 T / Hr. In addition, the amount of bleed air is 30T
/ Hr, the power generation amount is 3,900-6,80
Control becomes possible between 0 KW. At this time, the extraction turbine 1
Is 31 to 40 T / Hr.
That is, the possible power generation amount changes according to the amount of extracted air.

When the required amount of generated power is larger than the amount of extracted air when the condensate amount is shifted from the region of 1 to 10 T / Hr, the capacity of the condenser is limited.
Hr cannot be exceeded.

Further, in order to increase the power generation amount, the high pressure valve 3 is opened more widely, and the steam consumption in the extraction turbine 1 is increased, that is, the generator output is increased. In this case, the required power generation amount can be secured by increasing the amount of steam consumed in the extraction turbine 1, but the amount of extraction gas sent from the extraction port 20 of the extraction turbine 1 to the steam header 13 also increases. The steam will be released by the atmosphere release valve 7.

This is because the condenser is full, so that no more steam can be sent to the low-pressure turbine 1-2, and there is no other way than to increase the consumption in the high-pressure turbine 1-1. The amount will increase.

In the case where the condensed water amount is shifted from the region of 1 to 10 T / Hr, if the required power generation amount is smaller than the amount of extracted air for securing the steam used in the facilities in the factory, the above case is reversed. The amount of bleeding is insufficient.

This is because when the amount of bleed air, that is, the amount of factory steam used is large and the required power generation amount is small, it is necessary to increase the bleed air amount. By increasing the bleed air amount, the steam consumption of the high-pressure turbine 1-1 increases. As a result, the amount of power generation will inevitably increase. If the power exceeds the required power, reverse tide will occur, and it is not allowed to introduce steam into the bleeding turbine 1 that can generate more power than the required power. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of steam supplied to the turbine in accordance with the required amount of electric power. As a result, the amount of extracted air from the extraction turbine 1 also decreases, so that the amount of steam for the factory becomes insufficient.

If the amount of bleed air is insufficient, the pressure of the steam header 13 decreases, and the turbine bypass valve 5 is opened based on the signal of the pressure controller 8 to reduce the amount of bleed air to the turbine 1.
Is supplied from the boiler to the steam header 13.

FIG. 3 shows a control system diagram of the bleed turbine according to the embodiment of the present invention. The governor control device 16 is known, and the present embodiment takes into consideration a control signal input thereto.

(1) A power generation amount limiting circuit for preventing a so-called reverse tide Since a so-called reverse tide is not allowed, a set value (variable) of the amount of received power and a measured measured received power are set so that constant power is supplied (purchased) through an external line. The power generation control signal for reducing the power generation amount so that the received power amount becomes equal to or more than the set value is calculated by the arithmetic unit 1
Take out from 7.

(2) A power generation amount control circuit that maximizes the amount of power generation at that time in accordance with the amount of air bleeding The amount of air bleeding controlled so that the bleeding pressure is constant and the maximum amount of power generation corresponding to the amount of air bleeding Calculation is performed by the function generator 19, the calculated power generation amount is compared with the actually measured power generation amount, and the power generation amount is controlled by the calculator 21 that outputs the maximum power generation amount in the extracted air amount. Based on this signal, control is performed so that the maximum power at the time of the extracted air amount, that is, the condensed water amount, is maximized. Here, the maximum amount of steam used for power generation when obtaining the maximum electric power also maximizes the amount of steam consumption, and as a result, the amount of condensate also maximizes.

FIG. 5 shows this characteristic. Normally, point A is the maximum amount of condensed water for a predetermined bleed air amount, and the amount of generated power at that time is the maximum. A control signal is issued so that the amount of power generation is obtained. Therefore, when the required bleed air amount changes, the maximum power generation amount changes along the B line according to the change in the bleed air amount.

The control of the amount of bleed air and the amount of power generation is performed by the two control systems (1) and (2). In addition, the control mode is actually switched when the turbine / generator is started or during normal operation. In such a case, a tracking circuit is provided to enable smooth control. However, since the existing technology is employed as it is, a description thereof will be omitted.

Signals of two control circuits, (1) a power generation amount limiting circuit for preventing a so-called reverse tide, and (2) a power generation amount control circuit for maximizing the power generation amount at that time according to the amount of extracted air. Is selected by the low-level selector 18 (FIG. 3) to control the power generation amount.

When the actually required amount of power generation is smaller than the maximum amount of power generation obtained from the function generator 19 with respect to the amount of bleed air, the limiting circuit (1) operates, and the amount of power generation corresponds to the amount of bleed air. Is controlled on line C. If the amount of power generation is further reduced, the point reaches point D. If the amount of power generation must be further reduced, the point of use of the bleeding turbine 1 is reduced due to protection of the bleeding turbine 1 and prevention of temperature imbalance and vibration. , It is no longer possible to control the amount of bleeding and the amount of power generation on the bleeding turbine 1 side, and the amount of bleeding cannot be ensured because it decreases along the E line. As a result, the pressure of the steam header 13 is reduced, and when the pressure is detected, the turbine bypass valve 5 operates to secure the amount of extracted air.

With the above configuration, the maximum power possible at that time is always supplied within a range that does not cause a reverse tide, and the amount of power generation is increased unnecessarily to increase the amount of extracted air to the steam header 13 more than necessary. As a result, it becomes possible to perform an economic operation in which the excess pressure is not released by the atmosphere release valve 7 due to the increase in the pressure of the steam header 13.

Next, when the power consumption is larger than the amount of steam supplied to the factory, the opening of the low-pressure valve 4 is increased, and control is performed to increase the bleeding amount when the amount of power is still insufficient even after reaching the upper limit ( = Control to ensure necessary power generation even if the turbine 1 side is limited) and abnormalities in the equipment at the factory air supply often cause a sudden decrease in the required steam amount or the need for it to become unnecessary. The control in this case will be described.

This is performed for the following reasons. Generally, in the long run, the boiler is controlled to generate only the amount of steam consumed. However, the boiler has a large time constant and cannot be changed rapidly. Therefore, when the steam consumption increases or decreases rapidly, it appears as a change in boiler outlet pressure (high or low). In order to avoid this, if the steam consumption decreases sharply, the pressure at the boiler outlet increases, so that the steam is forcibly released to the atmosphere to keep the steam pressure constant.

As described above, in order to secure the power generation amount, the boiler generates steam on the assumption that the steam (extracted air) consumption does not rapidly decrease or becomes unnecessary. The steam must be released to the atmosphere.
In other words, when the required amount of power generation is large (when the capacity exceeds the condenser capacity), the amount of power generation must be suppressed. Therefore, surplus steam is released into the atmosphere from the air release valve 7. If the method of controlling the amount of steam in the steam header 13 is not good, the steam pressure (bleed pressure) will suddenly change. This would adversely affect the quality of the product being manufactured with the steam. Therefore, it is necessary to consider controlling the release of the surplus steam amount so that the pressure in the steam header 13 is kept constant even when the necessary steam amount changes suddenly.

In the turbine / generator system shown in FIG. 1, the capacity of the condenser is limited. Therefore, if the amount of generated water is insufficient even if the amount of condensed water is increased to the full capacity, the atmospheric discharge valve 7 is opened. This is for the following reasons. That is, the amount of turbine bleed cannot be increased without permission because it is used immediately as factory steam. When the amount of power generation is insufficient with the amount of extracted air, the amount of steam to be supplied to the extraction turbine 1 is increased by increasing the amount of condensed water without changing the amount of extracted air, thereby increasing the amount of generated electric power.

If the amount of power generation is insufficient even when the amount of condensed water is full, the amount of bleed air must be increased. Appears as an increase in steam pressure in the bleed air system in order to increase factory steam more than necessary. Then, the excess steam in the steam extracted more than necessary is released to the atmosphere by opening the air release valve 7.

As shown in the graph of FIG. 2, the power generation amount cannot be increased unless the turbine bleed amount is increased. Therefore, the surplus steam is released from the atmosphere release valve 7 to the atmosphere. As a control method, it is confirmed that the capacity of the condenser is full, that is, the opening of the low-pressure valve 4 has reached the upper limit, and the control is switched to the constant control of the power reception,
At the same time, the air release valve 7 is opened to increase the power generation of the turbine 1 as needed. In this way, even when the capacity of the condenser is full, the steam from the boiler is supplied to the extraction turbine 1 and the generator is driven so that the required power generation amount is obtained. Excess steam that cannot be recovered is released from the atmosphere release valve 7.

When the amount of steam supplied to the factory is suddenly unnecessary or suddenly reduced due to the equipment, if the control is performed only by detecting the steam pressure of the steam header 13, the opening operation of the atmospheric discharge valve 7 is performed. Appears as delays and pressure fluctuations. Therefore, the element that the amount of supplied steam suddenly decreases or becomes unnecessary suddenly is grasped, and based on that, the air release valve 7 is forcibly set to a fixed opening in advance, and the normal pressure control of the steam header 13 is performed when it is stabilized. To reduce pressure fluctuations.

The above embodiment is shown in the control diagram of FIG.
Basically, the air release valve 7 is controlled by the pressure controller 6 so that the deviation between the pressure actually measured by the steam pressure detector 30 and the pressure set by the steam pressure setting device 31 is eliminated.

If the power consumption is larger than the amount of steam supplied to the factory, the opening of the low-pressure valve 4 first increases, and if the amount of power is still insufficient even after reaching the upper limit, the amount of bleed air must be increased. . In order to increase the amount of bleed air, the pressure control line b is switched to the switch 3 based on the relationship between the amount of bleed air and the amount of power generation shown in the graph of FIG.
3, the control is switched to the control line a for setting the received power by the flow controller 32 to a constant value based on the difference between the received power and its set value, and the atmospheric release valve 7 is controlled. The received power is controlled so that it does not become reverse tide.

When the amount of bleed air decreases and the degree of opening of the low-pressure valve 4 falls below a certain value, the turbine 1 can be controlled. Therefore, the switch 33 is switched to the line b on the pressure control side using the pressure controller 6. In this way, a limiting circuit characterized by being able to secure a required power generation amount even if the turbine 1 side is limited is provided.

In addition, when an abnormality occurs in the device at the factory air supply destination,
Frequently, the amount of steam required suddenly decreases or becomes unnecessary. In that case,
In preparation for the case where the abnormality occurs, the opening of the atmosphere release valve 7 is determined to be constant by the preset abnormal-time steam pressure setting device 34, and the switching line of the switching device 35 is transmitted by a signal notifying the occurrence of the abnormality. Is switched to the line (ac) and the switch 37 is switched to the line (ac), thereby switching from the steam pressure control to the control at the time of occurrence of an abnormality, and the setting device 34 sets the opening degree setting signal of the atmosphere release valve 7. Is generated, and the air release valve 7 is directly opened to the opening determined through the automatic / manual switch 38.

This prevents the steam pressure in the steam header 13 from rising rapidly. In this state, the steam pressure in the steam header 13 is gradually increased. Therefore, the switch 35 is switched to the line (ab) after the certain time limit, and the adder 36 is switched to the preceding signal.

That is, when the switch 35 is connected to the line (ac)
In this case, the atmosphere release valve 7 is controlled to have a constant opening. However, when the switch 35 is switched to the line (ab), the adder 36 adds the signal to the signal b. b is a signal such that the pressure is constant or the received power is constant. That is, the signal of a and b is added to the exit c of the adder 36. The signal of b is set so that the pressure becomes constant when the pressure fluctuates or the power becomes constant when the received power fluctuates. Is changed and corrected. As a result, the signal from the pressure controller 6 is corrected so that the steam pressure of the steam header 13 becomes constant.

As described above, a control circuit characterized by having a preceding control circuit based on the detection of a steam flow rate and a factory air supply side device abnormality is obtained.

[0070]

According to the present invention, in a facility in which the capacity of the condenser is small compared to the sum of the required bleed air amount and the power generation amount and the facility cost is reduced, the required bleed air amount is secured, and the equipment is constantly operated with the bleed air amount at that time It can generate the maximum power so that it can be operated with high efficiency, and can prevent the generated power from going into reverse tide. In addition, when the amount of steam suddenly decreases, it is possible to prevent pressure fluctuation of the steam header. Further, even if the condenser capacity limit is full, that is, the low pressure valve opening becomes the upper limit and the turbine itself cannot increase the power generation amount, the power generation amount can be secured by controlling the atmospheric discharge valve.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a turbine / generator system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing characteristics of the turbine / generator of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a control diagram of the turbine / generator system of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a power system diagram of the turbine / generator system of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing characteristics of the turbine / generator of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a control circuit of an atmospheric discharge valve of the turbine / generator system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a system around a conventional turbine / generator.

[Description of Signs] 1 Extraction Turbine 1-1 High Pressure Turbine 1-2 Low Pressure Turbine 2 Generator 3 High Pressure Valve 4 Low Pressure Valve 5 Turbine Bypass Valve 6, 8 Pressure Controller 7 Atmospheric Release Valve 9, 11 Feed Water Flow Control Valve 12 Temperature Total 10 Atmospheric discharge nozzle 13 Steam header 14, 15 Flow detector 16 Governor control device 17, 21 Power generation calculator 18 Low-order selector 19 Function generator 20 Bleed port 30 Steam pressure detector 31 Steam pressure setter 32 Flow controller 33, 35, 37, switching unit 34 steam pressure setting unit at abnormal time 36 adder 38 automatic / manual switching unit

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for controlling a turbine / generator comprising an extraction turbine having a limited capacity of a condenser and a generator for generating electricity by the extraction turbine, wherein a required amount of extraction steam is set so that the extraction steam pressure is constant. Is always given the highest priority, and the condensate amount is maximized within the range of the power generation amount limited by the bleeding necessary steam amount control,
In addition, the amount of steam consumed by the generator is controlled so that the maximum amount of power is generated in the required amount of extracted steam, and if the amount of power generated at this time exceeds the required amount of power generation, the amount of power generation is forcibly within the required amount of power generation. A method for controlling a turbine / generator, wherein the control is performed such that 2. A control device for a turbine / generator including a bleeding turbine having a limited capacity of a condenser and a generator for generating power by the bleeding turbine, wherein: The maximum amount of condensed water within the range of the amount of power generation limited by the amount of extracted steam, and based on a function generator that outputs a predetermined maximum amount of power generation in the amount of extracted steam and the actually measured amount of power generation, A power generation calculator that outputs power generation less than or equal to the maximum power generation in the extracted steam volume, an actual measurement based on the received power set value and the measured received power that set the received power so that constant power is supplied from the outside line A power generation calculator that calculates a power generation amount such that the received power amount is equal to or greater than the received power set value, and outputs a calculated power generation amount; and a lower power generation amount among the two power generation amount output units. Select the amount of power generation And a pressure valve control device for controlling one or more pressure valves having different steam pressures in the extraction turbine based on the low power generation amount. apparatus. 3. A bleed turbine having at least a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine respectively provided with a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve, a generator for generating power by the bleed turbine, and an atmospheric discharge valve for sending bleed air from the bleed turbine to a factory. A control method for a turbine / generator provided with a steam header provided with: (a) a steam flow rate to be sent to a steam header based on a deviation between a steam pressure and a set value thereof in a range equal to or less than an upper limit value of the opening degree of the low-pressure valve. (B) If the power consumption is large compared to the amount of steam supplied to the factory and the amount of power generation is still insufficient even when the opening of the low-pressure valve reaches the upper limit, Control the steam flow based on the deviation of the received power and its set value without controlling the steam flow sent to the steam header based on the deviation of the pressure and its set value, and keep the received power constant by the opening of the atmospheric release valve And (c) returning to the control of (a) when the opening of the low-pressure valve becomes equal to or less than the upper limit after the control of setting the received power to a constant value. -Generator control method. 4. An air release for supplying an extraction turbine having a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine respectively provided with at least a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve, a generator for generating power by the extraction turbine, and extraction air from the extraction turbine to a factory. In the control method of a turbine / generator provided with a steam header having a valve, (a) a steam flow to be sent to a steam header based on a deviation between a steam pressure and a set value thereof in a range equal to or less than an upper limit of the opening degree of the low-pressure valve. (B) The opening degree of the atmosphere release valve is determined in advance in accordance with the vapor pressure at the time of the abnormality in preparation for the case of an abnormality. A control method of the turbine / generator, wherein the control of (b) is performed while the control of (b) is stopped. 5. A bleed turbine having at least a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine respectively provided with a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve, a generator for generating power by the bleed turbine, and an atmospheric discharge valve for sending bleed air from the bleed turbine to a factory. A turbine / generator control device provided with a steam header, comprising: a steam pressure detector in the extraction turbine; and a steam pressure setter for setting a steam pressure within a range equal to or less than an upper limit of the opening of the low-pressure valve. A steam flow controller for a steam pressure system that controls a steam flow to be sent to a steam header based on a deviation of each output value of the steam pressure detector and the steam pressure setter; and setting an upper limit of an opening of the low-pressure valve. Detector, a detector of the opening degree of the low-pressure valve, a received power detector and a received power setting device, and based on a deviation of each output value of the received power detector and the received power setting device, the received power is set to the received power. The steam flow controller of the receiving power system that controls the steam flow sent to the steam header so that it exceeds the value, and a switch for both output values of the steam flow controller of the steam pressure system and the steam flow controller of the receiving power system Even if the output value of the low-pressure valve opening detector reaches the setting value of the low-pressure valve opening upper limit value setting device, the output value of the steam flow controller of the steam pressure system does not reach the required power. Upon detection, the switch is switched to the output value of the steam flow controller of the receiving power system, and the atmospheric discharge valve of the steam header is controlled so that the receiving power amount becomes constant, and the opening of the low-pressure valve is detected. A control device for switching the switch to output the output value of the steam flow controller of the steam pressure system when the output value of the device is smaller than the set value of the low-pressure valve opening upper limit value setting device. Turbine / generator control device. 6. An air release for supplying an extraction turbine having at least a high-pressure turbine and a low-pressure turbine respectively provided with a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve, a generator for generating power by the extraction turbine, and extraction air from the extraction turbine to a factory. A control device for a turbine / generator provided with a steam header having a valve, comprising: a steam pressure detector in the extraction turbine; and a steam pressure setter for setting a steam pressure in a range equal to or less than an upper limit of an opening of the low-pressure valve. A steam flow controller of a steam pressure system for controlling a steam flow to be sent to a steam header based on a deviation of each output value of the steam pressure detector and the steam pressure setter; and a steam flow controller of a steam pressure system. An abnormal steam pressure setting device that determines the opening of the atmospheric release valve in advance in response to the steam pressure at the time of the abnormality, the output value of the steam flow controller of the steam pressure system and the output value of the abnormal steam pressure setting device. Setting of the low-pressure valve opening degree setting device, the low-pressure valve opening degree detector, and the low-pressure valve opening degree detector output value of the low-pressure valve opening degree setting device. If the value is equal to or less than the value, the switch is switched to output the output value of the steam flow controller of the steam pressure system, and the output value of the steam pressure detector in the extraction turbine exceeds the set value of the abnormal steam pressure setter. And a controller for switching the switch to output the output value of the abnormal steam pressure setter.