JP2001309631A - Electric machine, inverter circuit and inverter unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve a problem that a usual structure requires a number of parts for constituting an inverter circuit 2, and especially, the use of 6 pieces of switching elements therein incur a complicated structure and a high cost for a unit as well as an enlargement of a shape. SOLUTION: An electric machine has a structure wherein N pieces of windings 65 to 67 that a second substance 63 comprises and are disposed at 360/N degree are connected to one piece of a common terminal 68 and to N pieces of terminals 50 to 52, and wherein one phase winding among them is connected such that the direction of a magnet flux generating upon a current pass from the common terminal opposes to another N-1 phase winding. Thereby, the structure can reduce the number for use of the switching elements comparing with a usual one, and the simplicity thereof can also reduce the electric machine in cost, in size and in weight.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to general households and factories,
Electric machines such as air conditioners, household appliances, rotary cookers, etc., used for industries such as stores and offices, or electric machines such as generators for obtaining electric power from the power of engines and windmills. The present invention also relates to an inverter circuit for supplying electric power to the electric machine or extracting electric power and converting the electric power into DC electric power, and an inverter device combining the electric machine and the inverter circuit.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional inverter device has a configuration shown in FIG. That is, it has a DC power supply 1, an inverter circuit 2, and a winding of an electric motor 3. The DC power supply 1 is a commercial power supply 4 of 100 V and 60 Hz.
And a rectifier circuit 5 connected to the commercial power supply 4, a smoothing choke coil 6 and a smoothing capacitor 7 connected to the output of the rectifier circuit 5.

The inverter circuit 2 operates by receiving a DC voltage from the DC power supply 1, and includes a switching element 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and diodes 14, 1
5, 16, 17, 18, and 19, and a control circuit 20 for controlling on / off of each switching element.

[0004] The windings 21, 22, 23 constituting the electric motor 3
Are connected to the output of the inverter circuit 2.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing the structure of the electric motor 3. The electric motor 3 has a rotor 24 and a stator 25, and the rotor 24 is rotatable about a shaft 26.

The rotor 24 comprises an iron core 27 having four teeth. The stator 25 includes coils 29, 3
It comprises an iron core 28 having six teeth around which 0, 31, 32, 33 and 34 are wound.

FIG. 15 shows a connection diagram of each coil of the electric motor 3. The coil 29 and the coil 30 are connected in series to form a winding 21, and constitute one phase of a three-phase winding constituting a three-phase motor. Similarly, the coil 31 and the coil 32 are connected in series. The other 1
The phase and the coil 33 and the coil 34 are connected in series to form the winding 23, and constitute another phase. Both ends of the winding 21, the winding 22, and the winding 23 are connected to a terminal a,
b, c, d, e, and f.

At this time, the degree of overlap between the teeth provided on both the rotor 24 and the stator 25 changes depending on the rotation angle of the rotor 24. Therefore, the winding 2
The values of the self-inductance of the winding 1, the winding 22, and the winding 23 are
It is increased or decreased by the rotation of the rotor 24.

With the above configuration, the conventional inverter device has:
The control circuit 20 controls the switching elements 8, 9, 10, 11,
The rotor 2 is controlled by controlling the on / off of the
7 can be driven to rotate, and the electric power of the DC power supply 1 can be converted into motive power and used.
That is, the control circuit 20 controls the switching elements 8, 9, 1
By controlling ON / OFF of 0, 11, 12, and 13 accurately, current is supplied to the winding 21, the winding 22, and the winding 23 in order, and the rotor 27 is driven by the magnetic field generated by each winding. This is where torque is generated.

[0010]

The conventional structure has a large number of parts constituting the inverter circuit 2, and particularly uses six switching elements, so that the structure is complicated and the cost of the apparatus is high. And the shape also becomes large.

[0011]

According to the present invention, a connection of N windings arranged at every (360 / N) of the second object is connected to one common terminal and N terminals, One of the windings is connected so that the direction of the magnetic flux generated when a current flows from the common terminal is opposite to that of the other N-1 windings. The number of elements used can be reduced as compared with the conventional technology, and the electric machine has a simple configuration, low cost, small size, and light weight.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The connection of N windings arranged at (360 / N) degrees of the object is connected to one common terminal and N terminals, and the one-phase winding is connected to the common terminal through the common terminal. As a configuration in which the direction of the magnetic flux generated when flowing is reversed so as to be opposite to the other N-1 phase windings, the number of switching elements used can be reduced as compared with the conventional technology, It is an electric machine with a simple configuration, low cost, small size, and light weight.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric machine having a simple structure, in which the first object has a magnetic material, without deterioration in performance due to the present case.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the second object has a multiple of N teeth wound with a coil, at least one of the teeth having a side facing the first object. An electric machine having a plurality of small teeth has a simple structure in which the cycle of change in inductance is fast, high torque can be generated, and startability is high.

The invention described in claim 4 realizes a three-phase electric machine having a simple configuration as the configuration where N = 3.

The invention according to claim 5 has a capacitor, at least one power supply terminal, N electric machine terminals for connecting an N-phase electric machine, and N series circuits of diodes and switching elements. A connection point between each diode and the switching element is connected to the electromechanical terminal. At least one of the N series circuits has a switching element on a high potential side and a diode on a low potential side, and the N series circuits have At least one of the series circuits has a low-potential side as a switching element and a high-potential side as a diode. Both ends of the N series circuits are connected in parallel so that one terminal is the power terminal and the other terminal is One terminal of the capacitor is connected, the other terminal of the capacitor is connected to one terminal of a DC power supply connected to the power supply terminal, the switching element Energy inductance of the windings is stored when N'ofu be effectively reused, and minimize the number of required switching elements, those that are low cost, compact, and inverter Ichita circuit lightweight.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a switching element connected to a power supply terminal is turned on to charge and start a capacitor, and power from a DC power supply is supplied to an electric machine, so that the switching element is turned off. In this case, the energy stored in the inductance of each winding can be effectively reused, the number of switching elements used is small, and
A low-cost, compact, and lightweight inverter circuit that can be easily started up regardless of the relative position between the object and the second object.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, by setting N = 3, a low-cost, compact, and lightweight inverter circuit applicable to a three-phase or three-phase generator is provided.

The invention according to claim 8 is a DC power supply,
An electric machine and an inverter circuit, wherein a power supply terminal of the inverter circuit is connected to one terminal of a DC power supply, and a common terminal of the electric machine is connected to another terminal of the DC power supply.
The inverter device has a simple configuration in which the number of switching elements used is small and the number of drive circuits for the switching elements is small.

[0020]

(Embodiment 1) Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment relates to an inverter device for driving or controlling an electric motor. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of this inverter device.

The inverter device of this embodiment has a DC power supply 4
1, an inverter circuit 42, and an electric motor 43.

The DC power supply 41 includes a commercial power supply 44 of 100 V and 60 Hz, and a rectifier circuit 45 connected to the commercial power supply 44.
And a smoothing choke coil 46 and a smoothing capacitor 47 connected to the output of the rectifier circuit 45.

However, the DC power supply 41 does not necessarily have to have such a configuration. For example, a double voltage rectification type using two electrolytic capacitors may be used. It may be what you did.

The inverter circuit 42 operates by receiving a DC voltage supplied from the DC power supply 41. The inverter circuit 42 has three electromechanical terminals for connecting a capacitor 48, a power supply terminal 49, and a three-phase motor 43. 50, 51, 52, a common terminal 68 serving as a common end of the three-phase motor, series circuits 55, 58, 61, and a control circuit 62.

The series circuit 55 is composed of a diode 53 and a switching element 54, the series circuit 58 is composed of a diode 56 and a switching element 57, and the series circuit 61 is composed of a diode 5
9 and the switching element 60. The connection point between the diode and the switching element of each series circuit is connected to the electromechanical terminals 50, 51, 52.

In this embodiment, the three series circuits 5
5, 58, 61, the switching circuit 60 is connected to the high potential side of the DC power supply 41.
Are connected to a diode 59 on the low potential side. In each of the series circuits 55 and 58, the switching element 54 or the switching element 57 is connected to the low potential side of the DC power supply 41, and the diode 53 or 56 is connected to the high potential side of the DC power supply 41.

Both ends of the three series circuits 55, 58 and 61 are connected in parallel, and the low potential side is connected to the power supply terminal 49 together with the negative side of the DC power supply 41.

Also, three series circuits 5 connected in parallel
A capacitor 4 is connected to the connection point on the high potential side of 5, 58, 61.
The negative side of the capacitor 48 is connected to the positive side of the DC power supply 41 connected to the common terminal 68.

The switching elements 54, 57,
The gate of 60 is connected to a control circuit 62, and the control circuit 62 controls on / off of each switching element.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the structure of the electric motor 43. The electric motor of the present embodiment has a first object 63 generally called a rotor or a rotor, and a thing called a stator or a stator. The first object 63 is
Permanent magnets 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 10
0, 101 and an iron core 10 also called a back yoke
2 and a shaft 103. A load (not shown) is connected to the shaft 103 so as to transmit the rotation of the first object 63 to the outside. Each of the permanent magnets 94-
101 and the iron core 102 constitute a magnetic path. Axis 103
Is provided so as to penetrate the center of the first object 63,
The first object 63 is rotatable about a shaft 103.

The second object 64 includes the permanent magnets 94-1.
It has three-phase windings arranged to receive the magnetic flux from 01. The permanent magnets 94, 96, 98, 100
Are arranged so that the outside, that is, the side facing the second object 64 becomes the S pole, and the permanent magnets 95, 97, 99, 101
Are magnetized so that the outside, that is, the side facing the second object 64 becomes the N pole.

The second object 64 includes an iron core formed by stacking silicon steel plates and a coil 8 forming the three-phase winding.
1, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 8
9, 90, 91, 92 and three Hall ICs 104, 1
05 and 106. That is, the iron core has 12 tooth portions provided at equal angles, and the coils 81 to 92 are wound around these tooth portions. Also,
Each of the three Hall ICs 104, 105, and 106 includes a permanent magnet 94 to 101 that faces the first object 63.
, And this signal is transmitted to the control circuit 62. That is, the Hall IC of this embodiment outputs a HIGH signal when the N pole faces each other, and outputs a LOW signal when the S pole faces each other. The control circuit 62 detects the rotational position of the first object 63 based on this signal.

FIG. 3 is a connection diagram for explaining the connection of the coils 81 to 92. In this embodiment, the number of terminals connected to the external circuit is a total of four, the common terminal 68 and the terminals 69, 70, 71. That is, while the conventional technique has a configuration in which a total of six wires are provided between the inverter circuit and the motor, the inverter circuit 42 and the motor 43
This is a simple configuration that requires only four wires to the power supply.

The winding 65 has a configuration in which a coil 81, a coil 84, a coil 87, and a coil 90 are connected in series. One end of the winding 65 is connected to a terminal 69, and the other end is connected to a common terminal 68. I have. The winding 66 has a configuration in which the coil 82, the coil 85, the coil 88, and the coil 91 are connected in series, and one end is connected to the terminal 70 and the other end is connected to the common terminal 68. The winding 67 is composed of the coil 83 and the coil 8
6, a coil 89 and a coil 92 are connected in series. One end is connected to the terminal 71 and the other end is connected to the common terminal 68.

The winding 65, the winding 66, and the winding 67 are arranged at an electrical angle of 120 degrees from each other, and constitute each winding of the three-phase motor.

However, each coil is configured to generate a magnetic field in the direction in which an N pole is generated on the side of the first object 63 facing each coil when current flows from the side marked with a black circle. Is what it is. That is, in this embodiment, FIG.
As for the one-phase winding 67 constituting the three-phase winding, the direction of the black circle is reversed with respect to the winding 65 and the winding 66 as clearly shown in FIG. That is, the direction of the magnetic flux generated when a current flows from the common terminal 68 is opposite to the other two-phase windings 65 and 66.

In this embodiment, as described above,
The coils 81 to 92 are wound around the teeth, which are the protruding portions (called teeth) of the iron core constituting the second object 64. Such a configuration is sometimes called salient-pole concentrated winding or the like, but can realize a high-efficiency motor with little copper loss because the copper wire length at the coil end portion is short. In addition, for example, after winding each coil constituting the three-phase winding around the twelve teeth, the coils can be connected later by a method such as welding, thereby facilitating the manufacture.

However, the present invention is not particularly limited to the configuration of the salient pole concentrated winding, and may be a configuration having a distribution coefficient of 1 or less. The present invention is not limited to this, and may be a 180-degree three-phase winding.

Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of each part when the electric motor 43 of the present embodiment is being driven to rotate counterclockwise. FIG.
4A shows an output logic waveform of the Hall IC 104, and FIG.
4A shows the output logic waveform of the Hall IC 105, and FIG.
(C) shows the output logic waveform of the Hall IC 106. 4 (D), 4 (E) and 4 (F) show waveforms indicating control signals for controlling switching of the control circuit 62. FIG. That is, FIG. 4D shows a waveform for the switching element 54, FIG. 4E shows a waveform for the switching element 57, and FIG.

At time t5, the first object 63 is at the position shown in FIG. In this state, when the switching element 54 is turned on, a current flows from the common terminal 68 to the terminal 69 via the winding 65. For this reason, the first object 63 receives torque in the counterclockwise direction.

At time t6, when the control circuit 62 turns off the switching element 54, the energy stored in the inductance of the winding 65 is stored in the capacitor 48 through the diode 53. The same applies when the switching element 57 is turned off at time t4.

During the period from time t6 to time t8, the capacitor 48 discharges the charged electric charge, and a current flows from the switching element 60 to the winding 67. At this time, the winding 6
Numeral 7 is wound with the opposite polarity to the other two-phase windings 65 and 66. For this reason, even if the direction of the current flowing through the winding 67 is the direction from the terminal 71 to the common terminal 68, the direction is still such that an S pole is generated inside, and the first object 63 is still in the counterclockwise direction. Of torque.

When the switching element 60 is turned off at time t8, the electric charge stored in the inductance of the winding 67 is discharged through the diode 59, and a slight current flows through the winding 67. After almost completely recovered by 41, the current of the winding 67 disappears.

As described above, in this embodiment, an extremely simple inverter having three phases and three stones is realized as an inverter for controlling a three-phase motor. Further, according to the present embodiment, when the switching element is turned off, the charge is stored in the inductance of the winding, the charge is temporarily stored in the capacitor 48, and then flows through the winding again to remove the first object 63. The DC power supply 41 regenerates the power while using it as power to rotate. That is, an inverter device with high efficiency is realized.

In particular, in the case of the connection configuration of this embodiment,
The electric power supplied from the DC power supply is used as energy for rotating the first object 63 and is once regenerated by the capacitor 48 of the remaining energy to form one of the three-phase windings. It flows to 67. For this reason, the number of switching elements used can be reduced to three, and a very simple configuration can be achieved. Further, the rating of each switching element to be used can be almost similar.

FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the inverter circuit 42 of this embodiment at the time of starting. 5A illustrates a gate signal of the switching element 54, FIG. 5A illustrates a gate signal of the switching element 57, and FIG. 5C illustrates a gate signal of the switching element 60.

The control circuit 62 turns on and off the switching element 54 and the switching element 57 connected to the power supply terminal 49 intermittently 12 times during the period from the time t1 to the time t2 to charge the capacitor 48. And then start,
The electric power from the DC power supply 41 is supplied to the electric motor 43.

At this time, the Hall ICs 104, 105, 1
Although not shown, the output signal 06 has the conditions shown at time t7 to time t8 in FIG. 4 at the time t1.

That is, the first object 63 and the second object 6
4 is this position, the first object 63
Is activated in the counterclockwise direction, the terminal 71 is connected to the winding 67.
, It is necessary to flow a current toward the common terminal 68.

However, even if the switching element 60 is turned on at the time t1 in FIG. 5, no current is supplied to the winding 67 because no electric charge is stored in the capacitor 48.

In this embodiment, the control circuit 62 outputs a signal of 1 ms on to the switching element 54 and the switching element 57 continuously from time t1 to time t2 12 times with an off period of 1 ms therebetween. In addition. For this reason, the energy stored in the inductance of the winding 65 and the winding 66 during the turn-off period of the switching element 54 and the switching element 57 is transferred to the capacitor 4.
8. Therefore, when the switching element 60 is turned on at time t2, the capacitor 4
8 is supplied to the winding 67. As a result, the first object 63 obtains a starting torque and rotates counterclockwise.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize an inverter device with good starting performance that can be easily started regardless of the position where the first object 63 is stopped.

(Embodiment 2) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the electric motor used in the present embodiment.

In this embodiment, the first object 110 is constituted by the magnetic body 111. The magnetic body 111 is, for example, an iron core having a configuration in which thin plates of silicon steel plates are stacked. Also,
The magnetic body 111 has cross-shaped teeth, and is rotatable about a shaft 120. Second object 11
2 has an iron core 113 formed by laminating thin silicon steel plates as in the first embodiment, and coils 114 to 119. The iron core 113 has teeth protruding toward the first object 110, and the teeth 114
9 is wound.

FIG. 7 is a connection diagram showing the connection of each winding of the electric motor of this embodiment. A black circle on one side of each coil indicates the polarity of the coil. That is, when a current is applied from the side with the black circle, the magnetic field generated from the coil is inside the second object 112, that is, the second object 1
It shows that an S pole is generated in the first object 110 facing 12.

Coil 114 and coil 115 are connected in series to form winding 65, coil 116 and coil 117 are connected in series to form winding 66, and coil 118 and coil 119 are connected in series and winding 67 Is composed. Thus, the winding 65, the winding 66 and the winding 67 constitute each winding of the three-phase motor. That is,
The winding 65, the winding 66, and the winding 67 have an electrical angle of 12
The configuration is such that they are arranged at 0 degrees apart.

In the present embodiment, the degree of overlap between the teeth of the magnetic body 111 constituting the first object 110 and the teeth of the iron core 113 constituting the second object 112 is determined by the first object 11
Since the value changes depending on the rotation angle of 0, the inductance values of the windings 65, 66, and 67 provided on the second object 112 change according to the rotation.

As shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, the winding 65, the winding 66, and the winding 67 have a total of four terminals. That is, the common terminal 68
And a terminal 69, a terminal 70, and a terminal 71. That is, one end of the winding 65, the winding 66, and the winding 67 is connected to the common terminal 68, and the other end is a terminal 69, a terminal 70, and a terminal 7.
1 is connected.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 7, the direction of the magnetic field generated when a current flows from the common terminal The phase windings 65 and 66 are connected so as to be opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated.

Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
An inverter circuit 4 shown in FIG.
2 and a switch (not shown) is turned on. When the switching element 54 is turned on by the drive signal of the control circuit 62, a current flows from the common terminal 68 to the terminal 69 connecting the winding 65, and the winding 65 generates a magnetic field in the direction of A shown in FIG. I do. Switching element 5
7 turns on, a current flows from the common terminal 68 to the terminal 70 connecting the winding 66, and the winding 66
A magnetic field is generated in the direction of. When the switching element 60 is turned on, a current flows from the terminal 71 to the common terminal 68 connecting the winding 67, and the winding 67 generates a magnetic field in the direction of C shown in FIG.

The direction of the magnetic field generated by the winding 67 is such that the polarities of the coils 118 and 119 constituting the winding 67 are opposite to those of the coils constituting the winding 65 and the winding 66. As a result, the direction of C is consequently set.

The directions A, B, and C of the magnetic field are 1 in mechanical angle.
They are separated by 20 degrees. For this reason, the first object 110 can be easily activated and can realize an inverter device with high activation performance.

However, in this type of motor called a switched reluctance motor, the direction of the generated torque is in principle independent of the polarity of the current. In the case of the winding configuration according to the present embodiment in which the distance between the windings 67 is large and the mutual inductance between the windings is small, it is not necessary to reverse the polarity of only the one-phase winding. Even if the windings of all phases have the same polarity, torque can be satisfactorily generated.

In this embodiment, since the first object 110 is made of the magnetic material 111, there is no possibility of demagnetization occurring when a permanent magnet is used, for example. Inverter device with high performance can be realized.

Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the inverter device of the present embodiment.

In this embodiment, the inverter circuit 42 has a capacitor 48, a power supply terminal 49, and three electromechanical terminals 50, 51, 52 for connecting the windings of the three-phase motor 43. I have. To the electromechanical terminal 50, a terminal 69 connecting one end of a winding 65, which is one phase of a three-phase winding of the electric motor 43, and a series circuit 55 are connected. Series circuit 5
5 is composed of a diode 53 and a switching element 54, and the diode 53 and the switching element 54
Are connected to the electromechanical terminals 50. The electric machine terminal 51 has a terminal 70 connected to one end of a winding 66 which is one phase of a three-phase winding of the electric motor 43, and a series circuit 5.
8 are connected. The series circuit 58 includes a switching element 57 and a diode 56, and a connection point between the switching element 57 and the diode 56 is connected to the electromechanical terminal 51. To the electromechanical terminal 52, a terminal 71 connecting one end of a winding 67, which is one phase of a three-phase winding of the electric motor 43, and a series circuit 61 are connected. The series circuit 61 includes a switching element 61 and a diode 59, and a connection point between the switching element 60 and the diode 59 is connected to the electromechanical terminal 52.
The other ends of the windings 65, 66, and 67 are connected to a common terminal 68.

In the series circuits 55 and 58, the high potential side of the DC power supply 41 is the switching element 54 and the switching element 57 side, and the low potential side is the diode 53 and the diode 56 side. In the series circuit 61, the low potential side of the DC power supply 41 is a switching element 60 and the high potential side is a diode 59. Both ends of the three series circuits 55, 58, 61 are connected in parallel, and the positive terminal thereof is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply 41 as a power supply terminal 49. The negative terminal of the capacitor 48 is connected to the negative terminals of the three series circuits 55, 58, 61 connected in parallel. The positive terminal of the capacitor 48 is connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 41 connected to the power terminal 49.

The common terminal 68 of the electric motor 43 is connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 41.

Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
The control circuit 62 controls the switching elements 54, 57, 60
On / off control is performed at the timing shown in FIG.
Therefore, switching element 54 and switching element 57
At the time of turn-off, the capacitor 48 is charged by the energy stored in the inductance of the windings 65 and 66 constituting the three-phase winding of the electric motor 43. When the control circuit 62 turns on the switching element 60, the charge charged in the capacitor 48 flows from the common terminal 68 to the winding 67 connected between the common terminal 68 and the terminal 71. Therefore, as described in the above embodiment, the first object forming the electric motor 43 rotates counterclockwise by receiving the torque.

For this reason, according to the present embodiment, the capacitor 4
This makes it possible to effectively use the electric charge charged to 8 and realize an inverter device with high efficiency.

(Embodiment 4) Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the circuit of this embodiment.

Both ends of the three series circuits 55, 58, 61 are connected in parallel, the negative terminal of which is the power supply terminal 49, and the positive terminal of the capacitor 48 is connected to the positive terminal. are doing. The negative terminal of the capacitor 48 is connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 41, that is, the power terminal 49.

With the above configuration, this embodiment operates with the operation waveforms shown in FIG. That is, when the switching element 54 and the switching element 57 are turned off by the control circuit 62, the charge stored in the inductance of the winding 65 and the winding 66 flows to the capacitor 48 to charge the capacitor 48. Thus, when the control circuit 62 next turns on the switching element 60, the electric charge stored in the capacitor 48 flows through the winding 67 connected between the terminal 71 and the common terminal 68. Therefore, as described in the previous embodiment, the first object 6
Numeral 3 rotates counterclockwise in response to torque.
Thus, according to the present embodiment also, the electric charge charged in the capacitor 48 can be effectively used, and a highly efficient inverter device can be realized.

According to this embodiment, the capacity of the capacitor 48 can be set smaller than that described in the fourth embodiment.

(Embodiment 5) Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the inverter device of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, the series circuit 58 is constituted by a switching element 57 connected to the high potential side of the DC power supply 41 and a diode 56 connected to the low potential side.

According to this embodiment, charging of the capacitor 48 is performed only when the switching element 54 is turned off. By turning off the switching element 48, the electric charge charged in the capacitor 48 can be supplied to the windings 65 and 66 constituting the three-phase winding of the electric motor 43 through the switching element 57 and the switching element 60. .

With this configuration, one of the three-phase motors
Since the current flowing through the phase winding 69 is configured to charge the capacitor 48 by turning off the switching element 54, it is preferable to reduce the inductance of the coil by, for example, reducing the number of turns of the winding 69. .

The configuration of the present embodiment is particularly effective when, for example, the electric motor 43 is used as a generator.

(Embodiment 6) Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the configuration of the electric motor used in this embodiment. First object 130
Is composed of a magnetic body 131 such as an iron core formed by laminating thin silicon steel plates. The magnetic body 131 has 22 small teeth 1
44. The small teeth 144 are provided at equal angular intervals. Provided. Also, the second object 132
Has an iron core 133 also formed by stacking thin sheets of silicon steel sheets, and coils 114 to 119. The iron core 133 is
In the present embodiment, six tooth portions 134, 1
35, 136, 137, 138, and 139.
The teeth 114 to 139 have coils 114,
115, 116, 117, 118 and 119 are wound. Further, the tooth portions 134 to 139 respectively add four small teeth 140, 141, 142, and 143 to the first object 130.
It has a shape protruding to the side. The four small teeth are also provided in each of the tooth portions 135 to 139, but are not numbered because the drawing is too complicated.

The connection of the coils 114 to 119 is shown in FIG.
Is the same as that shown in FIG. That is, the common terminal 68 is used as one end, and the terminal 69, the terminal 70, the terminal 71, the winding 65,
The other ends of the winding 66 and the winding 67 are connected.
The winding 65, the winding 66, and the winding 67 are arranged at an electrical angle of 120 degrees from each other.

At this time, the inductance of each coil constituting the three-phase windings 65, 66, 67 is:
It changes according to the rotational movement of the first object 130. Further, for the winding 67, the polarity of the coil
7 and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the winding 68 is set to be opposite.

Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, the iron core 1 forming the second object 132
The configuration is such that four small teeth 140 to 143 are provided for each of the six tooth portions 134 to 139 of the 33. Therefore, the rotation period of the first object 130 causes the period of change in the inductance of the coils 114 to 119 to be a quarter of that in each of the above embodiments.

At this time, according to the experiment by the inventors,
The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the inductance of the coils 114 to 119 is only about 13% lower than that of the configuration shown in FIG. 6 when the number of turns of the coil is set to be the same. is there. For this reason, the rate of change dL / dθ of the inductance with respect to the mechanical angle is three times or more. The magnitude of the reluctance torque is calculated by multiplying the square of the current I flowing through the coil by the inductance change rate dL / d.
is multiplied by θ, so that assuming that the same current is supplied to the winding, a torque three times or more can be obtained. That is, in the case of the configuration of this embodiment, a very large torque can be obtained.

On the other hand, the value of the induced electromotive force generated in the winding even at high speed needs to be kept lower than the applied voltage.
In the configuration of FIG. 11, it is necessary to reduce the number of turns, and it is possible to reduce the number of turns while keeping at least the thickness of the line, or to reduce the number of turns after increasing the thickness of the line.

In this case, either the amount of copper or the copper loss can be reduced, and a high-performance device can be realized.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the second
The shape of the iron core 133 that constitutes the object 132 is determined by adding four small teeth 140 to 143 to each of the six tooth portions 134 to 139.
Is provided, the rate of change dL / dθ of the inductance of the coil can be made very large. As a result, a very large torque can be obtained, and an inverter device with high performance can be realized.

In this embodiment, the energy stored in the inductance is once recovered in the capacitor 48 and then discharged again to the winding 67 each time the winding is switched as described in the first embodiment. As a result, high-efficiency operation with much less waste of electric power becomes possible.

In the structure of this embodiment, the driving frequency of the inverter circuit 42, that is, the switching frequency of the winding is high because the number of small teeth is increased as described above. For this reason, charging and discharging of the capacitor 48 are performed in a short cycle, and therefore, a capacitor having a small capacitance can be used. In other words, since low-rated components can be used, a low-cost inverter device can be realized.

(Embodiment 7) Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the inverter device of the present embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the inverter circuit 42 is provided with the electromechanical terminal 160. The series circuit 163 and the winding 165 of the second object 64 are connected to the electromechanical terminal 160. The series circuit 163 includes a DC power supply 41,
It comprises a switching element 162 connected to the high potential side and a diode 161 connected to the low potential side of the DC power supply 41. A connection point between the switching element 162 and the diode 161 is defined by the electromechanical terminal 160. Is connected to

In this embodiment, the series circuits 55, 58,
As for 61, the switching elements 54, 57, 60 are connected to the low potential side of the DC power supply 41, and the diodes 53, 56, 59 are connected to the high potential side of the DC power supply 41.

The control circuit 62 outputs a gate signal for turning on and off the switching element 54, the switching element 57, the switching element 60, and the switching element 162 in the order described above.

In this embodiment, the motor 43 has a four-phase winding configuration. That is, the electromechanical terminals 160
165, a winding 65 connected to the electromechanical terminal 52, a winding 66 connected to the electromechanical terminal 51, and a winding 67 connected to the electromechanical terminal 50.
Of four-phase windings. The four-phase windings are provided at positions shifted from each other by 90 degrees in electrical angle.

Hereinafter, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
When each of the switching element 54, the switching element 57, and the switching element 60 is turned off, the capacitor 48 is charged by the energy stored in the inductance of each winding. When the switching element 162 is turned on, the electric charge charged in the capacitor 48 is transferred to the winding 16 via the switching element 162.
5 is supplied.

At this time, in this embodiment, the polarity of the winding 165 constituting one of the four-phase windings is set in the opposite direction to the other three-phase windings. That is, when a current is supplied from the common terminal 68 to the winding, the first object 63
The direction of the magnetic field generated on the side is opposite.

Therefore, as described in the above embodiments,
The first object 63 easily rotates by receiving torque by the current flowing through the winding. Note that this configuration operates similarly even when the first object 63 is of a type having a permanent magnet.

Although the number of switching elements used in this embodiment is four, the number is two less than that of the configuration described in the background art. Therefore, the effect of reducing cost, size, and weight can still be obtained.

At this time, in this embodiment, since the number of phases is four, the switching element to be used can have a low current rating.

Even when the number of phases is increased from that of this embodiment to four, the number NH of series circuits in which switching elements are arranged on the high potential side may be at least one. The number NL of the series circuits in which the switching elements are arranged on the potential side may be at least one.

That is, when NH = 3, NL = 1, NH = NL
= 2, NH = 1 and NL = 3 can be freely designed.

In the present embodiment, the second object 64 has a four-phase structure.
Seven phases may be used.

As described above, as shown in the first to seventh embodiments, each of the inverter circuits has a smaller number of switching elements, a lower cost, a smaller size and a lighter weight as compared with the prior art. Can be realized.

In each of the above embodiments, the electric power supplied from the DC power supply 41 is taken out from the shaft as mechanical power, which is generally referred to as a motor or an electric motor. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and another electric machine may be operated as a generator.

That is, a signal for turning on / off each switching element from the control circuit 62 is controlled so that the direction of the current is opposite to that of each embodiment, so that the direction of the generated torque is reversed. It is also possible to make the electric power generated by 43 flow back to the DC power supply 41.

The configuration and operation in this case are described in, for example, Embodiment 1.
In the capacitor 48, together with the energy stored in the inductances of the windings 65 and 66, an electric charge obtained by converting motive power into electric power is temporarily stored.
7, the regenerative power is greater than the power supplied to the windings 65, 66 when the switching elements 54, 57 are turned on, so that the average power is Then, energy conversion to the DC power supply 41 is performed, and more specifically, power is supplied to a load of a DC system connected in parallel with the DC power supply 41.

In each of the above embodiments, the electric motor 43 has a structure in which the first object 63 is rotatable inside the second object 64. However, the present invention is not limited to this structure. A structure in which a first object is rotatably arranged outside a second object, such as generally called an outer rotor, or a first object and a second object are separated from each other by an axial gap. Objects whose faces oppose each other,
Further, both the first object and the second object may have a linear shape, and may have a shape called a linear motor for performing a linear motion. Further, there is no problem even if the first object is stationary and the second object moves, or the first object and the second object both move.

[0107]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a first object having a permanent magnet and an N-phase winding which can move relative to the first object and receive a magnetic flux from the permanent magnet are provided. A second object, and N + 1 terminals including a common terminal, wherein the windings are provided at an electrical angle of approximately (360 / N) degrees from each other, and one terminal of the winding is All of the windings are connected to a common terminal, and one of the windings has a direction in which a magnetic flux generated when a current flows from the common terminal is oriented relative to the other (N-1) -phase windings. The number of switching elements required as components of the inverter circuit can be reduced as compared with the conventional technology, and the configuration is simplified, so that the cost and size are reduced. Thus, a lightweight electric machine is realized.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second object having a first object having a magnetic material and an N-phase winding capable of moving relative to the first object and having an inductance which changes by movement. An object and N + 1 terminals including a common terminal are provided, and the windings are provided at an electrical angle of approximately (360 / N) degrees from each other, and one terminal of the winding is a common terminal. In one phase of the windings, the direction of the magnetic flux generated when a current flows from the common terminal is opposite to that of the other (N-1) phase windings. In this configuration, the number of switching elements required as components of the inverter circuit can be reduced as compared with the conventional technology, and the configuration is simplified, so that the cost, size, and weight have been reduced. This implements an electric machine.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the second object has teeth having a multiple of N wound with a coil constituting an N-phase winding, and at least one of the teeth has at least one of the teeth. In addition, since the side facing the first object has a plurality of small teeth, a permanent magnet is not required, and a low cost, small, and lightweight electric machine is realized.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, when N = 3, the number of switching elements required for the inverter circuit when combined with the inverter circuit is minimized, and the driving of the switching elements is performed. The number of circuits can be minimized, and a low-cost, small-sized, and lightweight electric machine can be realized.

The invention according to claim 5 has a capacitor, at least one power supply terminal, N electric machine terminals for connecting an N-phase electric machine, and N series circuits of diodes and switching elements. And connecting a connection point between the diode and the switching element to the electromechanical terminal,
At least one of the N series circuits has a switching element on the high potential side and a diode on the low potential side,
At least one of the series circuits has a switching element on the low potential side and a diode on the high potential side. Both ends of the N series circuits are connected in parallel, one terminal of which is the power supply terminal, and the other terminal is Is connected to one terminal of the capacitor, and the other terminal of the capacitor is connected to one terminal of a DC power supply connected to the power supply terminal, so that the number of necessary switching elements can be minimized. It is possible to realize an inverter circuit that is reduced in cost, size, and weight.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, at least one switching element connected to a power supply terminal is turned on at least once to charge and start a capacitor and supply electric power of a DC power supply to an electric machine. The present invention realizes an inverter circuit having good starting characteristics, low cost, small size, and light weight.

The invention described in claim 7 realizes an inverter circuit with a low cost, a small size, and a light weight as a configuration where N = 3.

[0114] The invention according to claim 8 is a DC power supply,
An electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
An inverter circuit according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a power terminal of the inverter circuit is connected to one terminal of the DC power source, and a common terminal of the electric machine is the DC terminal. As a configuration connected to the other terminal of the power supply, an inverter device which is reduced in cost, size, and weight is realized.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the electric motor.

FIG. 3 is a connection diagram showing a configuration of a winding of the electric motor.

FIG. 4 is a waveform chart illustrating the operation of the inverter circuit.

FIG. 5 is a waveform chart showing the operation of the inverter circuit at the time of startup.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a wiring diagram showing a configuration of a winding of the electric motor.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a motor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an inverter device according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the electric motor.

FIG. 15 is a connection diagram showing a configuration of a winding of the electric motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 41 DC power supply 42 Inverter circuit 43 Motor 48 Capacitor 49 Power supply terminal 50 Electromechanical terminal 51 Electromechanical terminal 52 Electromechanical terminal 53 Diode 54 Switching element 55 Series circuit 56 Diode 57 Switching element 58 Series circuit 59 Diode 60 Switching element 61 Series Circuit 62 Control circuit 63 First object 64 Second object 65 Winding 66 Winding 67 Winding 68 Common terminal 69 Terminal 70 Terminal 71 Terminal 94 Permanent magnet 95 Permanent magnet 96 Permanent magnet 97 Permanent magnet 98 Permanent magnet 99 Permanent magnet REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 permanent magnet 101 permanent magnet 104 hall IC 105 hall IC 106 hall IC 110 first object 111 magnetic body 112 second object 113 iron core 114 coil 115 coil 116 coil 117 coil 1 8 coil 119 coil 130 the first object 131 magnetic body 132 second object 133 core 134 teeth 135 teeth 136 teeth 137 teeth 138 teeth 139 teeth 140 teeth 141 teeth 142 teeth 143 teeth

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yasudo Kobayashi 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture F-term in Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 5H007 BB06 CA01 CB05 CC23 5H019 AA09 BB01 BB05 CC03 DD01 EE01 5H560 BB04 BB05 BB07 BB12 BB18 DA03 DA19 EB01 HA04 HB02 SS07 UA06

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A first object having a permanent magnet, a second object having an N-phase winding movable relative to the first object and receiving a magnetic flux from the permanent magnet, and a common terminal. , And the windings are approximately (3
60 / N) degrees, and one terminal of the winding is connected to a common terminal, and one phase of the winding receives a current from the common terminal. An electric machine connected such that the direction of a magnetic flux generated when flowing is opposite to that of another (N-1) phase winding. 2. A first object having a magnetic material, wherein the first object has a magnetic material.
A second object having an N-phase winding that can move relative to the other object and whose inductance changes by movement, and N + 1 terminals including a common terminal, wherein the windings are approximately (360 / N ) Are provided at an electrical angle of degrees, one of the terminals of the winding is connected to a common terminal, and one of the windings is connected when a current flows from the common terminal. An electric machine connected in such a manner that the direction of the magnetic flux generated in the other is reversed with respect to the other (N-1) phase windings. 3. The second object has a tooth portion of a multiple of N wound with a coil constituting an N-phase winding, at least one of the tooth portions facing the first object. 3. The electric machine according to claim 2, wherein the side having a plurality of small teeth. 4. The electric machine according to claim 1, wherein N = 3. 5. A capacitor, at least one power supply terminal, N electromechanical terminals for connecting an N-phase electric machine, and N series circuits of diodes and switching elements, each of which has a diode and a switching element. Is connected to the electromechanical terminal, at least one of the N series circuits is a switching element on the high potential side and a diode on the low potential side, and at least one of the N series circuits is The low potential side is a switching element and the high potential side is a diode. Both ends of the N series circuits are connected in parallel, one terminal of which is the power supply terminal, and the other terminal is connected to one terminal of the capacitor. An inverter circuit wherein the other terminal of the capacitor is connected to one terminal of a DC power supply connected to the power supply terminal. 6. A capacitor is charged and started by turning on a switching element connected to a power supply terminal,
6. The inverter circuit according to claim 5, wherein electric power of a DC power supply is supplied to the electric machine. 7. The inverter circuit according to claim 5, wherein N = 3. 8. An inverter comprising: a DC power supply; an electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4; and an inverter circuit according to any one of claims 5 to 7; An inverter device wherein a power supply terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to one terminal of the DC power supply, and a common terminal of the electric machine is connected to another terminal of the DC power supply.