JP2001294847A - Sintered friction material - Google Patents
Sintered friction materialInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001294847A JP2001294847A JP2000110588A JP2000110588A JP2001294847A JP 2001294847 A JP2001294847 A JP 2001294847A JP 2000110588 A JP2000110588 A JP 2000110588A JP 2000110588 A JP2000110588 A JP 2000110588A JP 2001294847 A JP2001294847 A JP 2001294847A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- friction
- copper
- calcium carbonate
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、銅または銅合金を
マトリックスとする銅系焼結摩擦材に関する。詳しく
は、本願発明は自動車、鉄道車両、航空機、産業機械等
の制御装置におけるブレーキライニング、ディスクパッ
ド、クラッチフェーシング等に使用される摩擦材に関す
るものである。The present invention relates to a copper-based sintered friction material having copper or a copper alloy as a matrix. More specifically, the present invention relates to a friction material used for a brake lining, a disc pad, a clutch facing, and the like in a control device of an automobile, a railway vehicle, an aircraft, an industrial machine, and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】自動車の高性能化、高出力化に伴い、ブ
レーキ等の制動条件も苛酷なものになっている。このよ
うな苛酷な制動のためには、摩擦材には高い摩擦係数の
維持が必要とされる。このため、高い摩擦係数を有する
高負荷摩擦材である焼結摩擦材が用いられてきている。
しかし、焼結摩擦材は高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性とを有し
ているが、反面、相手材への攻撃性が大きいために、相
手材の摩耗量を増加させるという問題点を有している。
一方、焼結摩擦材の相手材に対する攻撃性を低減させて
いくと、今度は逆に相手材に焼結摩擦材が溶着してしま
い、耐摩耗性が悪化してしまうという問題が起こる。し
たがって、相手材に対する攻撃性の増加と相手材への溶
着とを極力抑え、高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性とを維持する
ことが焼結摩擦材には求められている。2. Description of the Related Art With the advancement of high performance and high output of automobiles, braking conditions such as brakes have become severe. For such severe braking, the friction material needs to maintain a high coefficient of friction. For this reason, a sintered friction material that is a high-load friction material having a high friction coefficient has been used.
However, the sintered friction material has a high friction coefficient and abrasion resistance, but on the other hand, has a problem of increasing the wear amount of the mating material due to its high aggressiveness to the mating material. I have.
On the other hand, if the aggressiveness of the sintered friction material to the mating material is reduced, the sintered friction material is welded to the mating material, and the wear resistance deteriorates. Therefore, it is required for the sintered friction material to suppress the increase in aggressiveness to the counterpart material and the welding to the counterpart material as much as possible and to maintain a high friction coefficient and wear resistance.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、相手材に対
する攻撃性の増加と相手材への溶着とを極力抑え、摩擦
材自身の高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性とを維持できる焼結摩
擦材を提供することを課題とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a sintered friction material capable of minimizing an increase in aggressiveness to a mating material and welding to the mating material and maintaining a high friction coefficient and high wear resistance of the friction material itself. The task is to provide
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記課題
を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、焼結摩擦材に一定
量の炭酸カルシウムを配合すると、相手材に対する攻撃
性を改善でき、且つ高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性とを維持で
きることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, when a certain amount of calcium carbonate is added to the sintered friction material, the aggressiveness to the mating material can be improved. In addition, they have found that a high coefficient of friction and high wear resistance can be maintained, and have completed the present invention.
【０００５】すなわち、本発明は、銅または銅合金をマ
トリックスとし、固体潤滑材と、研削材と、摩擦調整材
とを含有する焼結摩擦材であって、摩擦調整材として炭
酸カルシウムを体積比率で１〜１０％含有することを特
徴とする銅系焼結摩擦材である。また本発明は銅を体積
比率で２０〜３５％、固体潤滑材を体積比率で３０〜４
５％、研削材とを体積比率で２０〜３５％および炭酸カ
ルシウムを体積比率で１〜１０％含有する前記の焼結摩
擦材である。更に本発明は更に錫を体積比率で１〜５％
含有する前記の焼結摩擦材である。That is, the present invention relates to a sintered friction material containing copper or a copper alloy as a matrix, and containing a solid lubricant, an abrasive, and a friction modifier, wherein calcium carbonate is used as a friction modifier in a volume ratio. It is a copper-based sintered friction material characterized by containing 1-10% by weight. In the present invention, copper is 20 to 35% by volume and solid lubricant is 30 to 4% by volume.
The sintered friction material contains 5%, an abrasive and 20 to 35% by volume, and calcium carbonate by 1 to 10% by volume. Further, the present invention further comprises 1 to 5% tin by volume.
The sintered friction material described above.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
尚、以下において特に断らない限り、各配合成分の含有
割合は体積比率、すなわち摩擦材全体を１００％とした
場合の体積％の値を表す。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the following, unless otherwise specified, the content ratio of each compounding component represents a volume ratio, that is, a value of volume% when the entire friction material is 100%.
【０００７】本発明の銅系焼結摩擦材とは、マトリック
スに銅または銅合金を用いた焼結摩擦材をいい、このマ
トリックス中に固体潤滑材、研削材、および摩擦調整材
として炭酸カルシウムとを配合し、その配合組成物を常
法に従って所望の形状に圧縮成形し、焼結することによ
り得たものである。[0007] The copper-based sintered friction material of the present invention refers to a sintered friction material using copper or a copper alloy as a matrix, and a solid lubricant, an abrasive, and calcium carbonate as a friction modifier in the matrix. Is obtained by compression-molding the compounded composition into a desired shape according to a conventional method, and sintering.
【０００８】この銅系焼結摩擦材中で形成されているマ
トリックスは、延伸性が良好であり、かつ熱伝導性が高
いことから、摩擦係数の安定化とヒートスポットの分散
化を図り、且つ、相手材との凝着により摩擦係数の向上
を図ることができる。このマトリックスは、摩擦材の各
配合成分を結合させて固める役割を有するものである
が、本発明の銅系焼結摩擦材においては、銅または銅合
金をマトリックスとし、その他に、錫、リン、亜鉛等が
配合されていてもよい。マトリックスを構成する銅また
は銅合金の含有量は、摩擦材全体に対して体積比率で２
０〜５０％の範囲であるのが好ましく、体積比率で２５
〜３５％の範囲であるのが更に好ましい。このマトリッ
クスには、焼結性を向上させることにより強度を向上さ
せるため、錫を摩擦材全体に対して体積比率で０〜５％
の範囲で含有させることが好ましい。本発明において、
マトリックスとなる銅合金としては、青銅（Ｃｕ−Ｓ
ｎ）、真鍮（Ｃｕ−Ｚｎ）、白銅（Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ）、洋銀
（Ｃｕ−Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ）等が使用できる。The matrix formed in the copper-based sintered friction material has good stretchability and high thermal conductivity, so that the friction coefficient is stabilized and the heat spot is dispersed. Further, the coefficient of friction can be improved by adhesion to the counterpart material. This matrix has a role of binding and solidifying the respective components of the friction material.In the copper-based sintered friction material of the present invention, copper or a copper alloy is used as a matrix, and in addition, tin, phosphorus, Zinc and the like may be blended. The content of copper or copper alloy constituting the matrix is 2% by volume relative to the entire friction material.
It is preferably in the range of 0 to 50%, and 25% by volume.
More preferably, it is in the range of ~ 35%. In order to improve the strength by improving the sinterability of the matrix, tin is added in a volume ratio of 0 to 5% with respect to the entire friction material.
It is preferable to make it contain in the range of. In the present invention,
As a copper alloy serving as a matrix, bronze (Cu-S
n), brass (Cu-Zn), white copper (Cu-Ni), nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn) or the like can be used.
【０００９】また、本発明の摩擦材に用いる固体潤滑材
としては、黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、窒化硼素等を挙げ
ることができる。そして、固体潤滑材の使用量は、摩擦
材全体に対して体積比率で２０〜５０％の範囲が好まし
く、体積比率で３０〜４５％の範囲が更に好ましい。Further, examples of the solid lubricant used for the friction material of the present invention include graphite, molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride and the like. The amount of the solid lubricant used is preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by volume, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 45% by volume, based on the entire friction material.
【００１０】また、本発明の摩擦材に用いる研削材とし
ては、通常モース硬度６〜９程度の硬質の金属酸化物粒
子を用いる。具体的にはジルコニア（ＺｒＯ2）、酸化
マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）、ムライト（３Ａｌ2Ｏ3・２Ｓ
ｉＯ2）、およびシリカ（ＳｉＯ2）等が挙げられる。こ
れらの研削材は、低温から高温までの研磨性能を確保す
るために、硬度の異なる２種類以上を併用してもよい。
そして、研削材の使用量は、摩擦材全体に対して体積比
率で、１０〜４０％の範囲が好ましく、体積比率で２０
〜３５％の範囲が更に好ましい。As the abrasive used for the friction material of the present invention, hard metal oxide particles having a Mohs hardness of about 6 to 9 are usually used. Specifically, zirconia (ZrO 2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), mullite (3Al 2 O 3 .2S)
iO 2 ) and silica (SiO 2 ). These abrasives may be used in combination of two or more kinds having different hardnesses in order to ensure polishing performance from low to high temperatures.
The amount of the abrasive used is preferably in the range of 10 to 40% by volume relative to the entire friction material, and 20% by volume.
A range of -35% is more preferred.
【００１１】本発明では、固体潤滑材および研削材を配
合するが、摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムを使用する
ことが必須である。本発明においては、摩擦調整材とし
て炭酸カルシウムを体積比率で、１〜２０％の範囲で、
好ましくは１〜１０％の範囲で配合させる。炭酸カルシ
ウムをこの範囲で配合することにより、炭酸カルシウム
中のカルシウムが焼結中に分解され、酸化カルシウム
（ＣａＯ）となり、摩擦材中に穏やかな研削作用を生じ
させていると考えられる。また、マイカ、バーミキュラ
イト、硫酸バリウムなどの炭酸カルシウム以外の摩擦調
整材を更に、１又は２種以上組み合わせて使用すること
もできる。その含有量は、特に限定されるものではない
が、摩擦材全体に対して体積比率で、０〜２０％の範囲
であるのが好ましい。In the present invention, a solid lubricant and an abrasive are blended, but it is essential to use calcium carbonate as a friction modifier. In the present invention, calcium carbonate is used as a friction modifier in a volume ratio of 1 to 20%.
Preferably, it is blended in the range of 1 to 10%. It is considered that when calcium carbonate is blended in this range, calcium in the calcium carbonate is decomposed during sintering and becomes calcium oxide (CaO), thereby causing a gentle grinding action in the friction material. Further, one or more kinds of friction modifiers other than calcium carbonate such as mica, vermiculite and barium sulfate can be used. The content thereof is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0 to 20% by volume relative to the entire friction material.
【００１２】＜摩擦材の製造方法＞以上の配合成分を、
必要に応じて錫を更に含む成分を、均一に撹拌・混合し
て得られる配合組成物を所定成形圧にて圧縮して圧粉体
とし、これを加圧加熱処理し、所定の厚さおよび密度の
成形品を得る。更に形状加工等の仕上げを行って本発明
の摩擦材を得る。<Production method of friction material>
If necessary, a component further containing tin is uniformly stirred and mixed, and the obtained composition is compressed at a predetermined molding pressure to obtain a green compact, which is subjected to pressure and heat treatment to a predetermined thickness and Obtain molded articles of high density. Further, finishing such as shape processing is performed to obtain the friction material of the present invention.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】以下に、本発明を実施例び比較例により更に
具体的に説明する。この実施例および比較例では、下記
の表１に示す基本配合により摩擦材を調製した。ここで
は、銅および錫をマトリックスとし、潤滑材として黒
鉛、研削材として酸化マグネシウムを基本配合として用
いた。そして、１〜１０体積％の炭酸カルシウムを摩擦
調整材として上記の混合物に配合した。なお、炭酸カル
シウムの代わりに酸化マグネシウムの配合量を増加させ
た以外は、実施例と同じ配合を用いて比較例１の摩擦材
を調製した。The present invention will be described below more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. In these examples and comparative examples, friction materials were prepared according to the basic formulations shown in Table 1 below. Here, copper and tin were used as a matrix, graphite was used as a lubricant, and magnesium oxide was used as a basic compound as a grinding material. Then, 1 to 10% by volume of calcium carbonate was blended in the above mixture as a friction modifier. The friction material of Comparative Example 1 was prepared using the same composition as in the example except that the amount of magnesium oxide was increased instead of calcium carbonate.
【００１４】[0014]
【表１】 表１に示す上記の成分を配合した混合粉末を準備し、成
形圧力３９２Ｍｐａで圧粉体を成形した後、Ｎ2雰囲気
中において８００℃で３０〜６０分間焼結し、焼結摩擦
材からなるディスクパッドを製造した。[Table 1] After preparing a mixed powder in which the above components shown in Table 1 were blended and molding a green compact at a molding pressure of 392 MPa, sintering was performed at 800 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes in a N 2 atmosphere to form a sintered friction material. Disc pads were manufactured.
【００１５】＜摩擦材の評価＞次いで、このように作製
した実施例１〜５の摩擦材と、比較例１の摩擦材につい
て、その摩擦特性と耐摩耗性に関する評価実験を行っ
た。即ち、それぞれの摩擦材からなるディスクパッドと
新品のディスクロータ（鋳鉄製）を、摩擦試験機を用い
て、５０ｋｍ／ｈ、０．１５Ｇ相当（１．４７ｍ／
ｓ2）の力にて制動試験を５００回行った。そして、こ
の試験後に摩擦係数（μ）を測定した。<Evaluation of Friction Material> Next, with respect to the friction materials of Examples 1 to 5 and the friction material of Comparative Example 1, evaluation experiments were performed on the friction characteristics and wear resistance. That is, a disc pad made of each friction material and a new disc rotor (made of cast iron) were subjected to 50 km / h and 0.15 G equivalent (1.47 m / h) using a friction tester.
The braking test was performed 500 times with the force of s 2 ). After this test, the coefficient of friction (μ) was measured.
【００１６】また、この試験終了後のディスクパッドの
厚さを測定し、予め計測した初期の値から差引いてその
摩耗量(ｍｍ）をパッド摩耗性として求めた。更に、摩
擦材の相手材（ディスクロータ）の摩耗量は、試験終了
後の厚さを測定し、予め計測した初期の値から差引いて
摩耗量（μｍ）を相手材攻撃性として求めた。これらの
結果を表２に示す。 ＜試験結果＞Further, the thickness of the disk pad after the completion of the test was measured, and the wear amount (mm) was obtained as a pad wear property by subtracting the thickness from the previously measured initial value. Further, the wear amount of the mating material (disk rotor) of the friction material was measured by measuring the thickness after the end of the test, and subtracted from the previously measured initial value to obtain the abrasion amount (μm) as the mating material aggressiveness. Table 2 shows the results. <Test results>
【００１７】[0017]
【表２】 この表２から、炭酸カルシウムを焼結摩擦材に添加する
ことにより、パッド摩耗性が顕著に改善されたことがわ
かる。炭酸カルシウムを体積比率で３％以上添加する
と、炭酸カルシウムを含まないものと比較してパッド摩
耗性は半分程度にまで減少した。また、相手材に対する
攻撃性は低温（１００℃）の場合には１〜３％の炭酸カ
ルシウムの添加が好ましい。また、高温（４００℃）の
場合には１〜２％の炭酸カルシウムの添加でも摩耗した
摩擦材の相手材に対する付着量は比較例１に比較して改
善されている。３％以上の添加では相手材への付着はみ
られなくなるが、５％以上になると相手材に対する攻撃
性が若干増加する傾向がみられた。したがって、相手材
に対する攻撃性と、摩擦材自身のパッド摩耗性の両立を
考慮すると３％の炭酸カルシウムの添加の場合に最良の
結果が得られた。[Table 2] From Table 2, it can be seen that pad wear was significantly improved by adding calcium carbonate to the sintered friction material. When calcium carbonate was added at a volume ratio of 3% or more, the pad abrasion was reduced to about half as compared with that without calcium carbonate. When the aggressiveness to the counterpart material is low (100 ° C.), it is preferable to add 1 to 3% of calcium carbonate. In addition, at a high temperature (400 ° C.), even with the addition of 1 to 2% of calcium carbonate, the amount of the worn friction material adhered to the mating material was improved as compared with Comparative Example 1. At 3% or more, no adhesion to the counterpart material was observed, but at 5% or more, the aggressiveness to the counterpart material tended to increase slightly. Therefore, the best result was obtained in the case of adding 3% of calcium carbonate in consideration of the compatibility between the aggressiveness to the mating material and the pad wear of the friction material itself.
【００１８】また、炭酸カルシウムを添加した実施例は
全ての条件で、炭酸カルシウムを添加しない比較例１と
同様に高い摩擦係数を示した。なお、相手材に対する攻
撃性の値は、相手材の摩耗量を示し、マイナスの値は摩
擦材が溶けて相手材に付着し相手材の厚さが増加した量
を示す。Further, the example in which calcium carbonate was added exhibited a high friction coefficient under all conditions, as in Comparative Example 1 in which no calcium carbonate was added. The value of the aggressiveness with respect to the counterpart material indicates the amount of wear of the counterpart material, and a negative value indicates the amount by which the friction material melts and adheres to the counterpart material and the thickness of the counterpart material increases.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】本発明の焼結摩擦材は、炭酸カルシウム
を一定量添加することにより、相手材に対する攻撃性の
増加と相手材への溶着とを極力抑え、高い摩擦係数と耐
摩耗性とを維持することができる。According to the sintered friction material of the present invention, by adding a certain amount of calcium carbonate, the increase in aggressiveness to the mating material and the welding to the mating material are suppressed as much as possible, and a high friction coefficient and abrasion resistance are obtained. Can be maintained.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｃ２２Ｃ 32/00 Ｃ２２Ｃ 32/00 Ｂ Ｃ Ｆ１６Ｄ 69/02 Ｆ１６Ｄ 69/02 Ｂ Ｆ Ｆターム(参考） 3J058 BA41 BA76 FA01 FA11 FA21 FA24 GA35 GA45 GA48 GA92 GA93 4K018 AA03 AA05 AB01 AB03 AB05 AB07 AB10 AC01 BA02 BA11 BA20 DA11 KA05 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C22C 32/00 C22C 32/00 BC C F16D 69/02 F16D 69/02 BF Term (Reference) 3J058 BA41 BA76 FA01 FA11 FA21 FA24 GA35 GA45 GA48 GA92 GA93 4K018 AA03 AA05 AB01 AB03 AB05 AB07 AB10 AC01 BA02 BA11 BA20 DA11 KA05
Claims (3)
体潤滑材と、研削材と、摩擦調整材とを含有する銅系焼
結摩擦材であって、摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムを
体積比率で１〜１０％含有することを特徴とする焼結摩
擦材。1. A copper-based sintered friction material containing copper or a copper alloy as a matrix and containing a solid lubricant, an abrasive, and a friction modifier, wherein calcium carbonate is used as a friction modifier in a volume ratio of 1%. A sintered friction material characterized by containing 10 to 10%.
％、固体潤滑材を体積比率で３０〜４５％、研削材を体
積比率で２０〜３５％および炭酸カルシウムを体積比率
で１〜１０％含有する請求項１記載の焼結摩擦材。2. Copper or copper alloy in a volume ratio of 20 to 35.
The sintered friction material according to claim 1, wherein the sintered friction material contains 30 to 45% by volume of a solid lubricant, 20 to 35% by volume of an abrasive, and 1 to 10% by volume of calcium carbonate.
求項１または２に記載の焼結摩擦材。3. The sintered friction material according to claim 1, further comprising 1 to 5% by volume of tin.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007162891A (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-28 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | Sintered friction substance |
| CN113153927A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 中南大学 | Powder metallurgy friction sheet material for aviation high-power-density wet clutch |
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2000
- 2000-04-12 JP JP2000110588A patent/JP2001294847A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007162891A (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-28 | Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd | Sintered friction substance |
| JP4620582B2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2011-01-26 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | Sintered friction material |
| CN113153927A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 中南大学 | Powder metallurgy friction sheet material for aviation high-power-density wet clutch |
| CN113153927B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-10-11 | 中南大学 | Powder metallurgy friction sheet material for aviation high-power-density wet clutch |
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