JP2001284032A - Exothermic device and its using method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly efficient exothermic device and its using method wherein a high temperature is obtained in a short time after supplying less electric power by utilizing properties which the exothermic body consisting of carbon fiber has. SOLUTION: This is equipped with the first exothermic body 2 and the second exothermic body 4 that can be connected to an external power source and arranged at a non-oxidized condition, and the linear or surface second exothermic body 4 is arranged in an outer periphery of the first exothermic body 2, and at least either of the first exothermic body 2 and the second exothermic body 4 is formed by carbon fiber.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat generating device and a method of using the same, and more particularly, to a heat generating device capable of heating to a high temperature in a short time by utilizing characteristics of activated carbon fibers and a method of using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, heating elements using carbon fibers have been developed because of their convenience because they have a large heating surface area, a high heating efficiency, are lightweight, and can be formed into various shapes. I have. For example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-4409
The heating element described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0 has carbon fibers arranged substantially in parallel, and the surface thereof is coated with a resin heat-resistant fiber, and further coated with a resin. It is used for a heat generating device that melts snow while heating to about 70 ° C.

[0003] Alternatively, in the invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-55877, a high-strength heater is obtained by coating the surface of a carbon fiber with a ceramic, and electrodes are provided at both ends thereof to be used as an electric heater. Things.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned prior art using carbon fiber as a heating element is used as a relatively low-temperature heating device, or consumes a large amount of electric power to be used as a high-temperature heating element. It was just something to do. Heretofore, there has been no heat generating device using carbon fiber having high thermal efficiency such that power consumption is low and a high temperature can be obtained in a short time after energization.

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to utilize a characteristic of a heating element made of carbon fiber to obtain a high efficiency in which a high temperature can be obtained in a short time after a small amount of power is supplied. An object of the present invention is to provide a heating device and a method of using the same.

[0006]

The above object is achieved by the invention described in each claim. That is, a characteristic configuration of the heating device according to the present invention includes a first heating element and a second heating element which are connectable to an external power supply and are arranged in a non-oxidized state, and a linear heating element is provided on the outer periphery of the first heating element. Alternatively, the planar second heating element is disposed, and at least one of the first heating element and the second heating element is formed of carbon fiber.

[0007] According to this configuration, heating is performed by energizing the first heating element and the second heating element from an external power supply.
Emission of infrared rays, particularly long-wavelength far infrared rays, emitted from either one of the first heating element and the second heating element carbon fiber increases, and the second heating element is disposed on the outer periphery of the first heating element.
The heating element is more strongly heated than the heat generated by energization, and quickly changes to a red-hot state, so that the first and second heating elements can emit strong heat. Although this phenomenon itself has not yet been completely elucidated, strong radiant heat due to long-wavelength infrared rays radiated from carbon fibers of the first heating element promotes heating of the second heating element, thereby causing the second heating element to glow red. Then, it is considered that infrared rays are also emitted from the red-heated second heating element, and a high temperature can be obtained in a short time due to the mutual resonance (resonance) of the two.

Preferably, the first heating element at the center position is formed of carbon fiber, and more preferably, both the first heating element and the second heating element are formed of carbon fiber. This is because high-temperature heating is performed in a shorter time. The heating elements other than carbon fibers include nichrome, Kanthal (trade name) heating elements, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, alloys thereof, and other heat-resistant materials. In this case, when a metal that promotes high-temperature oxidation such as tungsten or molybdenum is used, the surface is coated with a ceramic or the like, or is placed in a pipe that is depressurized and cut off from the atmosphere. . The above metals include not only simple metals and alloys but also compounds with nonmetals or semimetals.
If the heating element is made of a heat-resistant metal, the heating element is likely to be in a red-hot state with heating, and a large amount of long-wave infrared rays are emitted from this state, so that a high temperature can be obtained in a short time, which is convenient.

As a result, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly efficient heat generating device capable of obtaining a high temperature in a short time after supplying a small amount of electric power by utilizing the characteristics of the heating element made of carbon fiber. Was.

[0010] It is preferable that the carbon fiber is a long activated carbon fiber having a large number of micropores formed on the surface thereof.

According to this structure, the interaction and interference of infrared rays radiated in a random direction from the surface of a large number of micropores formed on the carbon fiber as the heating element are increased, and in particular, a large amount of far infrared rays having a long wavelength is produced. , And can be efficiently radiated. In addition, "elongate" is used as a general term for a shape whose length is long with respect to its thickness, and is not limited to a thin linear shape, or a thick round bar shape, but also a square bar shape, a polygonal bar shape, and the like. Is used as a concept including

It is preferable that the non-oxidized state is a reduced pressure state formed in a space sealed with a heat-resistant material that can transmit infrared rays.

According to this configuration, since the existing technology can be used, the work is easy and the processing cost is not increased, which is convenient. As a heat-resistant material that can transmit infrared rays, for example, when a quartz tube or the like is used, it is easy to achieve a reduced pressure state by a vacuum pump or the like, and it is easy to seal,
In addition, the reduced pressure after sealing can be maintained for a long time, which is convenient.

It is preferable that a fluid passage can be formed close to the first heating element and the second heating element arranged on the outer periphery thereof.

According to this configuration, when a fluid such as water flows through the fluid passage, a high-temperature fluid (hot water or high-temperature steam) is obtained in a short time, and a gas such as petroleum fuel is used in the passage. When exhaust gas from a vehicle is allowed to flow, the exhaust gas is exposed to a high temperature, so that harmful substances in the exhaust gas are decomposed into low-toxic low-molecular substances, and decomposition of NOx, SOx, and the like proceeds. . In this case, it is preferable to make the residence time as long as possible by bending the passage or providing a resistance portion to the gas flow therein. Note that the fluid passage may be arranged inside the second heating element (between the first heating element and the second heating element) or outside.

Further, the characteristic structure of the method of using the heat generating device according to the present invention is the following.
Waste gas decomposition equipment, heating appliances, cooking appliances, heating furnaces,
It is to use as a heat source of any one of the thermal fluid generator and the steam generator.

According to this configuration, since a heat generating device that can reach a high temperature in a short time is used, remarkable energy saving can be achieved, which is convenient. When used for decomposing waste gas, the entire device can be made compact, and thus it is suitable for applications requiring a small space, such as vehicles such as automobiles. When the heat generating device of the present invention is used for a heat fluid generating device or a steam generating device, water or other fluid is used as a heat medium, and the fluid is caused to flow near a heat generating element constituting the heat generating device. I just need.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional structure of a heating device 1 according to the present embodiment, and FIG.
2 shows a cross-sectional structure taken along line II. The structure of the heating device 1 is such that activated carbon fibers having a large number of micropores on the surface are arranged around a first heating element 2 formed in a rod shape by twisting, and a planar second heating element made of the same carbon fibers. Body 4 first
The first and second heating elements 2 and 4 are arranged so as to surround the heating element 2 and are housed in a depressurized cylindrical transparent quartz glass tube 3 so as to be in a non-oxidized state in which the heating element 2 is shut off from the atmosphere. It is composed. Electrodes 7 are attached to both ends of the first heating element 2, and the electrodes 7 are connected to an external AC power supply so that the first heating element 2 can be energized.

The quartz glass tube 3 is capable of transmitting infrared rays emitted from the first heating element 2 and the second heating element 4 when energized, and the inside thereof is kept in a non-oxidized state under reduced pressure. Therefore, the quartz glass tube 3 is made of a heat-resistant material that can transmit infrared rays.

The second heating element 4 is, like the first heating element 2,
Electrodes 8 are attached at predetermined locations on both ends,
The electrode 8 is connected to an external AC power supply so as to be able to conduct electricity. The first heating element 2 and the second heating element 2
When the heating element 4 is energized, the first heating element 2 and the second heating element 4 generate heat, and red heat with the passage of time to exhibit the function as the heating element. The activated carbon fibers of the first and second heating elements 2 and 4 have an extremely large surface area,
In addition, it emits a large amount of so-called far infrared rays having a wavelength of 25 μm or more. Therefore, the far-infrared rays radiated from the surface of the first heating element 2 whose radiation amount of the far-infrared rays is increased by being energized excite the energy level of the second heating element 4 and the second heating element glows red. . Similarly, when the second heating element 4 is energized, a wavelength of 25 μm is also emitted from the second heating element 4.
m, which emits a large amount of so-called far infrared rays of m or more, and the amount of far infrared rays radiated by energization increases the second heating element 4.
Far infrared rays emitted from the surface of the first heating element 2 excite the energy level of the first heating element 2, and the first heating element 2 glows red.
In other words, the energization of both heating elements 2 and 4 synergistically excites the energy level, and a large amount of heat rays are radiated from both heating elements 2 and 4 to the outside, so that the surrounding atmosphere is rapidly brought to a high temperature range. Can be.

Incidentally, as the first and second heating elements 2 and 4 glow and become hot, the input power to the first and second heating elements 2 and 4 is reduced, so that adjustment control is possible. Become. A control means for automatically performing such power control may be connected to maintain a predetermined state.

The activated carbon fiber having a large number of micropores on its surface used in the present embodiment is, for example, a cellulose-based, phenol-based, aramid-based fiber or the like as a raw material fiber, and is used in a vacuum atmosphere at 1000 ° C. or higher, preferably 1250
It is manufactured by heating to about ° C. The carbon fiber manufactured in this way has a large number of micropores having a diameter of several μm to 1 μm or less and a length of about several μm formed on the surface thereof. This is a preferred form of the heating element.

[Second Embodiment] FIGS. 3 and 4 show a schematic sectional structure of a heating device 20 according to a second embodiment. In the heating device 20, the first heating element 2 is arranged in the depressurized inner quartz glass tube 9, and the second heating element 4 is arranged on the outer periphery of the inner quartz glass tube 9. Heating element 2,
4 is arranged inside the depressurized outer quartz glass tube 10. Even with such a configuration, a heating device similar to that of the first embodiment can be provided. 3 and 4
, Members having the same functions as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals.

[Third Embodiment] FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional structure of a heating device 30 according to a third embodiment, which has a sectional structure similar to FIG. In the heating device 30, a thin tube 11, which is one of a number of fluid passages through which fluid flows, is provided between the first heating element 2 and the second heating element and is close to the inner peripheral surface of the planar second heating element. A heat insulating material sealed outside the depressurized quartz glass tube 9 outside the depressurized quartz glass tube 9 which further encloses the first heating element 2 and the second heating element 4. 14 are arranged. The heat insulating material 14 is made of the same carbon fiber as the first and second heating elements 2 and 4, and as the first and second heating elements 2 and 4 are heated, the heat insulating material 14 itself is also heated. The fluid flowing through the heating device 30 can be maintained at a high temperature.

However, the heat insulating material 14 and the outer quartz tube 10 enclosing it are not always necessary, and the heat insulating material may be a generally used ceramic heat insulating material or the like. Further, a metal protection frame or the like may be provided on the outer periphery of the outer quartz tube 10.

Although not shown, water is supplied to the fluid carry-in port of the thin tube 11 at a predetermined flow rate by an external water supply pump. The water supply side and the water discharge side of the thin tube 11 are connected to hoses and other pipes (not shown), respectively. When energization is started and the water temperature on the discharge side becomes high, the water is used as hot water or hot water as it is. It can be used for steam heating and other steam utilization equipment if it is in the form of steam. When a small-scale water supply is sufficient as in a home device, a water supply pump can be omitted by using a faucet of a water supply pipe. Piping shape, dimensions, quantity, material and the like can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.

[Fourth Embodiment] FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure similar to FIG. 3 of a heating device 40 according to a fourth embodiment. The heat generating device 40 is heated to generate high-temperature steam while passing along a complicated flow path of water as a fluid from one inlet. That is, the water introduced from the inlet 12 reciprocates around the outer periphery of the second heating element 4 and passes through the space between the second heating element 4 and the first heating element 2 and is converted into high-temperature steam to be discharged from the outlet section. 13 to be discharged. The first and second heating elements 2 and 4 are enclosed by a transparent quartz tube 15 having a bent flow path 16 which is one type of fluid passage. A heat insulating material 14 similar to that shown in FIG. 5 is arranged at an outer peripheral position of the second heating element 4. With such a structure, a large amount of fluid can be rapidly heated to a high temperature, and can be used as a heat source for heating appliances, cooking heating appliances, and various heating furnaces. Compared with instruments and devices, it is possible to obtain a high temperature in a short time and to achieve remarkable energy saving.

[0029]

Next, a description will be given of a result of mounting the heating device 1 shown in FIG. 1 on an electric stove which is an indoor heating appliance.
An electric stove in which two heating devices shown in FIG. 1 are connected in series is connected to a 6-tatami room (room with a ceiling height of about 3.5) at a room temperature of 10 ° C.
m), a 100 V AC power supply was transformed to 30 V, and a current of 5 A was applied. As soon as the first and second heating elements were energized, both heating elements began to glow red and reached 1,000 to 1,100 ° C. within one minute.

The indoor thermometer is placed 1 m away from the side of the electric stove and 1 m above the tatami mat. As a result, the temperature reached 20 ° C. in about 20 minutes. At that time, the room temperature variation was small, and reached approximately 20 ° C. almost uniformly.

It took about 40 minutes to increase the temperature of the same room from 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. using a commercially available 800 W electric stove. Moreover, the temperature variation in the room is large and the temperature on the front side of the electric stove increases relatively quickly, but it takes a longer time to reach 20 ° C. on the rear side.

[Another Embodiment] (1) In the above embodiment, the combination of the first and second heating elements is further stacked in multiple layers, and a fluid passage is formed between the first and second heating elements. It is also possible to use a larger-scale heating device.

(2) In the above embodiment, an example in which carbon fibers are used for both the first and second heating elements has been described. However, Nichrome, which is a coil-shaped Ni-Cr alloy, is used for one of the other heating elements. A wire or a Kanthal heating element (trade name) having high temperature heat resistance may be used. The Kanthal heating element has a linear or rod shape and is made of an Fe-Cr-Al alloy. Further, a Kanthal super heating element (trade name) containing MoSi ₂ as a main component, which is a higher temperature heating element, may be used.

(3) In the above-described embodiment, the first heating element made of activated carbon fiber is sealed in a quartz glass tube in a reduced pressure state (after evacuation by a vacuum pump, the quartz glass tube is sealed).
Instead, the surface of the heating element may be covered with heat-resistant ceramic (alumina, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, etc.) particles to achieve the non-oxidized state. Further, the entire heating device may be used in a non-oxidized state, for example, placed in a vacuum chamber.

(4) As a mode of use of the present heat generating device, in the above-described embodiment, an example of a steam generating device has been described. For example, if air is used as a fluid, it can be used for a heating hot air generator for heating air and discharging hot air, a dryer or a hot air dryer for various industries, an air circulation furnace, and various heat exchangers. It can be used for seawater desalination equipment, various heating furnaces, and other various industrial heating apparatuses. Further, exhaust gas or the like may be introduced and heated at a high temperature by the heat generating device to decompose harmful gas to make it harmless. Of course, a heating catalyst or the like may be used in combination in order to promote the decomposition of the harmful gas.

(5) The external power supply connected to the first and second heating elements of the present invention is not limited to the AC power supply, but may be a DC power supply such as a battery.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a heating device according to another embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view similar to FIG. 4 of a heat generating device according to still another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view similar to FIG. 3 of a heating device according to still another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,20,30,40 Heating device 2 First heating element 3,10,16 Heat resistant material 4 Second heating element 11,16 Fluid passage

Claims (5)

[Claims] A first heating element and a second heating element which are connectable to an external power supply and which are arranged in a non-oxidized state;
A heating device in which the linear or planar second heating element is arranged on the outer periphery of the heating element and at least one of the first heating element and the second heating element is formed of carbon fiber. 2. The heat generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said carbon fibers are formed of elongated activated carbon fibers having a plurality of micropores formed on a surface thereof. 3. The heat generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the non-oxidized state is a reduced pressure state formed in a space sealed with a heat-resistant material capable of transmitting infrared rays. 4. The heat generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a fluid passage can be formed in close proximity to said first heat generating element and said second heat generating element disposed on an outer periphery thereof. 5. The heat generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat generating apparatus is any one of a waste gas decomposing device, a heating device, a cooking heating device, a heating furnace, a thermal fluid generating device, and a steam generating device. How to use the heating device used.