JP2001276798A - Apparatus for dehydration of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for dehydration of waste wherein dehydration holes are hardly clogged with the waste and water separated from the waste is easily drained from a casing and the waste stuck on the dehydration holes can be simply removed. SOLUTION: In the apparatus for dehydration of the waste by which the waste is dehydrated by compression, a plurality of slit-like dehydration holes 8 are formed on the casing 1 of the apparatus for dehydration, and cleaning devices 21 for cleaning the dehydration holes 8 are provided in the faces along these dehydration holes 8.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste dewatering apparatus for dewatering waste supplied to an incinerator such as a gasifier.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wastes such as garbage are supplied to a gasification furnace and burned by crushing the wastes and magnetically removing the metals, and then dehydrating by a dehydrator. Then, the wastewater is supplied to the gasification furnace, and as the dehydration apparatus as described above, for example, a casing in which a waste inlet is formed on the upstream side and a waste outlet is formed on the downstream side, A screw that is rotatably arranged in the casing and sends waste from the input port to the discharge port, and a tapered shaft whose diameter increases toward the discharge port on a part of the shaft of the screw in the casing is arranged in a large number of casings. The dewatering section having a circular cross-section dewatering hole, and the casing is narrowed to the downstream side of the dewatering section and the tapered cylindrical portion having the dehydration hole having a circular cross-section has a screw shaft with a diameter smaller toward the discharge port side. A pusher with a tapered shaft A uniaxial or biaxial screw type dewatering device is proposed equipped with a by unit. In this dewatering apparatus, waste is compressed and dehydrated in a dewatering section, and further compressed and dewatered in an extruding section. Separated water dewatered from the waste is discharged from the dewatering hole to the outside of the apparatus. However, in the above dewatering apparatus, since all the dewatering holes have a circular cross section, when fine waste adheres to the peripheral portion of the dewatering hole, it grows and firmly adheres, and the dewatering hole is closed and clogged. The tendency to do was strong.

In order to reduce clogging of the dewatering hole,
It is conceivable to increase the size of the dewatering holes. However, if the size is too large, waste is increased and large wastes are also discharged, which also causes clogging. This clogging is due to the fact that if the amount of separated water separated from the waste is small, the waste easily adheres to the wall of the dewatering hole, and the waste once adhered increases its adhesion strength as it dries and further adheres to the waste. Eventually, the dewatering holes will be blocked, preventing the drainage of the separated water.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the dewatering hole is hardly clogged by waste, and separated water separated from waste is drained from a casing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste dewatering apparatus that is easy and can easily remove waste attached to a dewatering hole.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems Among the present invention for solving the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a waste inlet is formed on the upstream side and a waste outlet is formed on the downstream side. Formed in the casing, a screw rotatably disposed in the casing to feed waste from the input port to the discharge port, and at least a part of the cross section in the casing is formed to be narrowed down toward the discharge port side. The dewatering section and the tapered shaft formed by narrowing the casing toward the discharge port side and forming the screw shaft to be narrowed toward the discharge port side in the tapered cylindrical section where the discharge port is formed. In the waste dewatering apparatus provided with the extruded portion and the tip nozzle provided in the discharge port formed in the extruded portion, a plurality of slit-shaped dehydration holes are formed in the casing, and dehydration holes are provided near these dehydration holes. It is provided with a cleaning device for cleaning.

According to the above construction, since the slit-shaped dewatering hole is formed in the casing, the shape of the dewatering hole is elongated, the entire surface thereof is less likely to be blocked by waste, and separated water separated from waste is removed from the casing. Since the drainage can be easily drained and a cleaning device for cleaning the dehydration hole is provided near the dehydration hole, the dehydration hole can be washed by the cleaning device to remove waste attached to the dehydration hole. In addition, since the shape of the dewatering hole is a slit shape, waste adhering to the dewatering hole is easily removed as compared with the circular dewatering hole.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the above structure, a slit-shaped dehydrating hole is formed in the tip nozzle along an axial direction thereof, and the dehydrating hole reciprocates in the dehydrating hole in the axial direction. A moving cleaning rod is provided.

According to the above construction, since the slit-shaped dewatering hole is formed in the tip nozzle, the separated water sent from the upstream side to the extruding portion and the separated water separated from the waste in the extruding portion are separated from the dewatering hole. It can be discharged, and the water accompanying the waste discharged from the extrusion section can be reduced. In addition, since the cleaning rod is provided in the dewatering hole, the waste easily attached to the dewatering hole in the extruded portion where the transfer space is narrowed down can be easily removed even if it adheres to the dewatering hole. Unlike the case where waste is removed by washing water or the like, washing water or the like is not brought into the waste.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the above structure, a water passage hole which is opened at an upstream side thereof is formed in an axial center portion of a taper shaft of a screw disposed in the pushing portion, and the taper is formed. Forming a slit-shaped drainage hole extending from the surface side to the shaft center along the axial direction of the shaft, communicating with the water passage hole, and supporting the screw with the spiral blade of the screw removed on the upstream side of the tapered shaft A fixed plate externally fitted to the shaft is provided, and a water passage recess communicating with the water passage hole formed in the taper shaft is formed on the taper shaft side of the fixed plate, and one end communicates with the water passage recess and the other end. Are formed with a dehydration hole opened at one end of the fixing plate.

[0010] According to the above construction, the water passage hole and the slit-shaped drain hole are formed in the tapered shaft, and the water passage recess and the dewatering hole are formed in the fixing plate. The separated water separated from the waste in the extruder can be drained from the fixed plate via the tapered shaft, and the water accompanying the waste discharged from the extruder can be reduced.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the above structure, a perforated tube having a plurality of dewatering holes formed at a downstream end of a tapered shaft of a screw disposed in the extruding portion is provided. The tube protrudes from the tip nozzle.

According to the above construction, a porous tube having a plurality of dehydration holes is provided at the downstream end of the tapered shaft and is made to protrude from the front end nozzle. The separated water separated from the waste in the extruder can be drained from the porous tube, and the water accompanying the waste discharged from the extruder can be reduced. Also,
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a spiral blade for applying a conveying force to a tapered shaft of a screw disposed in the pushing section is formed.

According to the above configuration, since the spiral blade for applying the conveying force to the tapered shaft of the screw is formed, the waste remaining around the tapered shaft is pushed out and removed by the spiral blade before the operation of the dewatering device is stopped. This allows for reduced load power due to residual and dry waste when starting up after a long shutdown, without the need for heating to soften the waste at startup. .

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Here, an embodiment of a dehydrator according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the following drawings, for convenience, the left side of the paper is the front of the dehydrator and the right is the back.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention. This dewatering apparatus has a biaxial screw type and has both left and right shafts having the same configuration. It is a side view which shows the right axis | shaft of a dehydration apparatus, and demonstrates right and left both axes by a right axis.

In FIG. 1, in this dewatering apparatus, a casing 1 is formed in a tubular shape, an upstream side in the waste transport direction is formed in a straight tubular section 1a, and a downstream side in the waste transport direction is formed in a tapered tubular section 1b. A waste inlet 2 is formed on the upstream side of the straight cylindrical portion 1a in the transport direction, and the tapered cylindrical portion 1 is formed.
b is provided with a tip nozzle 9 at a tip end thereof, and a straight cylindrical portion 1a is provided.
A perforated plate 11 is provided at the boundary between the tapered tubular portion 1b and the tapered tubular portion 1b. In the casing 1, a screw for transferring waste described below is arranged.

The straight cylindrical portion 1a and the tapered cylindrical portion 1b of the casing 1 are each provided with a plurality of slit-shaped dehydrating holes 8 extending in the axial direction of the screw. A group is formed at a predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the group, and a plurality of these groups are formed in a row in the axial direction. In the vicinity of each dehydration hole 8, as shown in FIG. 2, a spray nozzle 21 for spraying cleaning water is inclined from one end of the slit-shaped dehydration hole 8 in the longitudinal direction to the other end. Cleaning water is sprayed from the spray nozzle 21 to the dewatering hole 8 to clean the dewatering hole 8 and remove waste attached to the dewatering hole 8. I have. These spray nozzles 21 are connected to branch pipes 22 provided for each group of the dehydration holes 8, and connected to a high-pressure water supply pipe 24 via a water amount adjustment valve 23. The branch pipe 22 is provided along the peripheral surface of the casing 1, and the spray nozzle 21 is supported by the branch pipe 22. The casing 1 is provided with a drain cover 31 that covers the dewatering hole 8.
Drained from 1a.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing the right axis of the dehydrator, and FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view of the dehydrator.
3 and 4, the dewatering device has two left and right shafts as described above, and a right shaft R and a left shaft L are arranged in the casing 1. The straight cylindrical portion 1a formed on the upstream side of the casing 1 has a substantially eight-shaped cross section,
The above-mentioned waste inlet 2 is formed so that the right axis R and the left axis L are shared, and a tapered cylindrical portion 1b of the right axis R and the left axis L is formed on the downstream side, respectively. Axis R and left axis L
Are provided, and the downstream end nozzles 9 are provided respectively.

In the casing 1, a right axis R and a left axis L
A screw 4 is rotatably arranged at the axial center portion of the motor, and a rotation drive device (hydraulic or electric motor) 7 for dehydration is provided via a power distribution gear box 5 and a speed reducer 6.
The screw 4 of the right axis R is driven to rotate counterclockwise in front view, and the screw 4 of the left axis L is driven to rotate clockwise in front view.

In the casing 1, a transfer section A, a dehydration section B, a dehydration acceleration section C, and an extrusion section D are formed from the input port 2 to the discharge port 3 side. That is, the transfer section A, the dehydration section B, and the dehydration promotion section C are formed in the straight cylindrical section 1a of the casing 1, and the extrusion section D is formed in the tapered cylindrical section 1b.

The spiral blade of the screw 4 is formed in a straight blade 4A having a constant outer diameter in the transfer part A and the dewatering part B, is deleted in the dewatering promoting part C, and is removed in the extrusion part D on the discharge port 3 side. It is formed on the tapered blade 4B having a smaller outer diameter.

In the transfer section A, the shaft of the screw 4 is formed on a small-diameter shaft 4a.
A constant cross section of the transport space is obtained by subtracting the cross section of the small diameter shaft 4a of the right axis R and the left axis L from the inner cross section.

In the dewatering section B, the shaft of the screw 4 has a tapered shaft 4b whose diameter increases toward the discharge port 3 on the input port 2 side and a straight shaft on the discharge port 3 side of the dehydration promoting section C. Large diameter shaft 4c
The waste is compressed by narrowing the transfer space toward the discharge port by the tapered shaft 4b, and the separated water is drained from the plurality of dehydration holes 8 formed in the casing 1 shown in FIG. .

In the dehydration promoting section C, the right axis R and the left axis L
The perforated plate 11 shared by the right axis R and the left axis L is provided on the support shaft 4d formed by cutting the large-diameter shaft 4c by removing the straight blade 4A which is the spiral blade of each screw 4. Are externally fitted to the respective screws 4 via bearings 13 in the axial direction, and the perforated plates 11 are fixed to the casing 1, and are supported by the screws 4 via the bearings 13. As shown in FIG. 5, the perforated plate 11 has a rectangular shape, and a plurality of oblong through holes 11a are formed at a predetermined opening ratio at a predetermined angle, and waste passes through the through holes 11a. Sometimes compressed to promote dehydration.

Further, in the extruded portion D, a frusto-conical tapered shaft 4e in which the shaft of the screw 4 is narrowed toward the discharge port 3 is inserted into a frusto-conical tapered cylindrical portion 1b in which the casing 1 becomes smaller in diameter toward the discharge port. And a tapered blade 4B protruding therefrom, and a small-diameter tip nozzle 9 is provided at the discharge port 3. After the dewatering section B, the extruded section D performs compression dehydration in two successive stages.

In the dehydrating apparatus having the above structure, the waste put in from the inlet 2 is transferred from the transfer section A to the dehydration section B, compressed and dehydrated in the dehydration section B, and dehydrated in the dehydration promotion section C. It is accelerated and discharged from the tip nozzle 9 provided at the discharge port 3 of the extrusion section D. On the other hand, the separated water separated from the waste is drained from the drain port 31a via the drain cover 31 that covers the dewatering hole 8. In the meantime, high-pressure water is supplied from the water supply pipe 24 to the branch pipe 22 via the water amount adjustment valve 23, and the washing water is sprayed from the spray nozzle 21 to intermittently remove waste attached to the dewatering hole 8.

In the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which the slit-shaped dehydration holes are formed along the axial direction of the screw. However, the slit-shaped dehydration holes may be formed along the circumferential direction of the casing. Further, although the spray nozzles are formed in the vicinity of the respective dehydration holes, the spray nozzles may be moved by attaching a support member for the spray nozzles movable along the outer periphery of the casing.

As the high-pressure water, clear water, supernatant water of dewatered water separated from waste, water containing a deodorant, and the like can be used. In addition to liquids such as water,
The dehydration holes can be cleaned using a gas such as high-pressure air.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the dehydrating apparatus according to the present invention. In the extruding portion D, a slit-shaped dehydrating hole 8 along the axial direction of the screw is formed in the circumferential direction of the tip nozzle 9. The cleaning rods 41 are formed at predetermined intervals in each of the slit-shaped dehydrating holes 8 and reciprocate in the dehydrating holes 8 in the axial direction of the screw. The cleaning rod 41 is provided so as to reciprocate while being guided by an annular guide member 43 externally fitted to a bearing 42 provided along the outer peripheral surface of the tip nozzle 9, and the guide member 43 is connected via a connecting member 44. And reciprocate by a cylinder 45 such as a hydraulic cylinder.

In the above configuration, the separated water sent from the upstream side and the separated water separated from the waste in the extrusion section D are drained from the dewatering hole 8, and the waste adhering to the dewatering hole 8 is cleaned by the cleaning rod 41. Is reciprocated.

FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the dehydrating apparatus according to the present invention.
A water passage hole 51 is formed at the axial center of the tapered shaft 4e of the screw 4 disposed at the upstream side thereof. The slit 51 extends from the surface side to the axial center along the axial direction of the tapered shaft 4e. Is formed so as to avoid the spiral blade 4B, and the drain hole 52 is formed at the axis of the tapered shaft 4e.
Communicates with 1. The perforated plate 11 is provided on the upstream side of the tapered shaft 4e. On the downstream side of the perforated plate 11, the water passage hole 51 is formed so as to surround the periphery of the support shaft 4d of the tapered shaft 4e. A water passage recess 53 communicating with the water passage recess 53 is formed, and the water passage recess 53 communicates with a dewatering hole 54 communicating with the water passage recess 53.

In the above configuration, the pushing section D is provided from the upstream side.
And the separated water separated from the waste in the extrusion section D are guided from the surface of the tapered shaft 4e to the water passage 51 through the slit-shaped drain hole 52, and from the water passage 51. The water is drained out of the apparatus through the water-passing recess 53 and the dewatering hole 54 formed in the perforated plate 11.

In the above-described embodiment, the perforated plate 11 constituting the dehydration promoting section C is also used as the fixing plate on which the water recess 53 and the dewatering hole 54 are to be formed. It may be provided separately.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the dewatering apparatus according to the present invention. A plurality of dewatering holes 61a are provided at the downstream end of the tapered shaft 4e of the screw disposed in the extrusion section D. The one end of the porous tube 61 is fixedly fitted to the downstream end portion of the tapered shaft 4e by welding or the like, and the other end portion projects forward from the tip nozzle 9. I have.

In the above configuration, the separated water sent from the upstream side to the extruding section D and the separated water separated from the waste in the extruding section D are supplied from the dewatering hole 61 a of the perforated pipe 61 to the perforated pipe 6.
1 and is discharged from the tip of the perforated pipe 61 to the outside of the apparatus, while the waste passes around the perforated pipe 61 and is discharged from the tip nozzle 9.

FIG. 11 shows that the helical blade formed on the tapered shaft 4e of the screw disposed in the extrusion portion D has a tip that has a projecting height from the tapered shaft 4e that is proportional to the diameter of the tapered shaft 4e. It is formed on the constant-rate protruding blade 4C having a reduced protruding height from the tapered shaft 4e, and has a function of transporting waste also in the extruded portion D. The remaining waste can be extruded and removed. Therefore, when starting after a long operation stop, the load power applied by the residual and dried waste can be reduced.

In each of the above embodiments, a twin-screw screw type dewatering device has been described.
The present invention can be applied to a single-shaft screw type.

[0038]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the slit-shaped dewatering hole is formed in the casing, the entire surface of the dewatering hole is less likely to be blocked by the waste and separated from the waste. Separated water can be easily drained from the casing, and a washing device for washing the dewatering hole is provided in the vicinity of the dewatering hole. Since the waste can be removed and the shape of the dewatering hole is a slit shape, the waste attached to the dewatering hole can be easily removed as compared with the circular dewatering hole.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the slit-shaped dehydrating hole is formed in the tip nozzle,
Separation water sent from the upstream side to the extrusion unit and separation water separated from waste at the extrusion unit can be discharged from this dewatering hole, and the water accompanying the waste discharged from the extrusion unit can be reduced. it can. In addition, since the cleaning rod is provided in the dewatering hole, the waste easily attached to the dewatering hole in the extruded portion where the transfer space is narrowed down can be easily removed even if it adheres to the dewatering hole. Unlike the case where waste is removed by washing water or the like, washing water or the like is not brought into the waste.

According to the third aspect of the invention, a water passage hole and a slit-shaped drain hole are formed in the tapered shaft.
Since the fixed plate has a water passage recess and a dewatering hole, it is possible to drain the separated water sent from the upstream to the extrusion unit and the separated water separated from the waste at the extrusion unit from the fixed plate via the tapered shaft. It is possible to reduce the moisture accompanying the waste discharged from the extrusion section.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a perforated tube having a plurality of dewatering holes formed at the downstream end of the tapered shaft is provided and protruded from the end nozzle.
Separated water sent from the upstream side to the extrusion unit and separated water separated from waste at the extrusion unit can be drained from the perforated pipe, and water accompanying the waste discharged from the extrusion unit can be reduced. .

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the spiral blade for applying the conveying force to the tapered shaft of the screw is formed, waste remaining around the tapered shaft before the operation of the dewatering device is stopped. Can be extruded and removed by the spiral blades, thereby reducing the load power imposed by residual and dry waste when starting after a long shutdown, making the waste flexible at startup It is not necessary to perform heating for the purpose.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a cleaning device in a waste dewatering device according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a side view and (b) is a perspective view.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the waste dewatering apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view of the waste dewatering apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a rear view showing a perforated plate in the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing another embodiment of the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing another embodiment of the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

8 is a perspective view of a main part of the waste dewatering apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a view of the waste dewatering apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List A transfer section B dehydration section C dehydration promotion section D push-out section R right axis L left axis 1 casing 1a straight cylindrical section 1b tapered cylindrical section 2 input port 3 drain port 4 screw 4A straight blade 4B tapered blade 4C constant rate protruding blade 4a Small diameter shaft 4b Tapered shaft 4c Large diameter shaft 4d Support shaft 4e Tapered shaft 5 Power distribution gear box 6 Reducer 7 Dehydration rotary drive 8 Slit-shaped dehydration hole 9 Tip nozzle 11 Perforated plate 11a Through hole 13 Bearing DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Spray nozzle 22 Branch pipe 23 Water amount adjustment valve 24 Water supply pipe 31 Drain cover 31a Drain port 41 Cleaning rod 42 Bearing 43 Guide member 44 Connecting member 45 Cylinder 51 Water passage hole 52 Drain hole 53 Water passage recess 54 Dewatering hole 61 Perforated tube 61a Dehydration hole

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshitoshi Sekiguchi 1-7-89 Minami Kohoku, Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Hitachi Zosen Corporation (72) Inventor Junichi Sano 1- 7-89, Minami-Kohita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka No. F-term (reference) in Hitachi Zosen Corporation 3L113 AA06 AA09 AB09 AC45 AC46 AC48 AC54 AC63 AC68 AC74 BA01 DA01 DA07 4D004 AA46 CA04 CA09 CA13 CA27 CB16 CB42

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A casing in which a waste inlet is formed on an upstream side and a waste outlet is formed on a downstream side, and the casing is rotatably disposed in the casing to transfer waste from the inlet to the outlet. A feeding screw, a dewatering section formed by narrowing at least a part of the transverse section in the casing toward the discharge port side, and a tapered cylindrical section formed with the discharge port formed by narrowing the casing toward the discharge port side. A waste dewatering device comprising: an extruding portion formed by arranging a tapered shaft formed by narrowing the shaft of the screw closer to the discharge port side, and a tip nozzle provided at a discharge port formed in the extruding portion. 3. The waste dewatering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of slit-shaped dewatering holes are formed in the casing, and a cleaning device for cleaning the dewatering holes is provided near the dewatering holes. 2. A dewatering hole having a slit shape is formed in the tip nozzle along an axial direction thereof, and a cleaning rod reciprocating in the dehydration hole in the dehydration hole is provided in the dewatering hole. Item 4. A waste dewatering apparatus according to Item 1. 3. A water passage hole which is opened at an upstream side of the tapered shaft of the screw disposed in the extruding portion is formed at an upstream side thereof, and a water flow hole is formed from the surface side to the shaft center along the axial direction of the tapered shaft. Forming a slit-shaped drain hole leading to and communicating with the water passage hole, a fixing plate is provided on the upstream side of the tapered shaft, which is externally fitted to the screw support shaft from which the spiral blade of the screw has been removed, and this fixing plate On the side of the taper shaft, there is formed a water passage recess communicating with the water passage hole formed on the taper shaft, and one end thereof communicates with the water passage recess, and the other end has a dewatering hole opened at one end of the fixing plate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
Or the waste dewatering device according to claim 2. 4. A perforated tube having a plurality of dewatering holes formed at a downstream end portion of a tapered shaft of a screw disposed in the extrusion portion, and the perforated tube is projected from a tip nozzle. The waste dewatering apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. A waste dewatering apparatus, wherein a spiral blade for applying a conveying force is formed on a tapered shaft of a screw disposed in the pushing section.