JP2001275477A - Window shade for vegetation of building by utilizing liana - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restrain room temperature rise due to acquisition of solar radiation heat in summer by efficiently proliferating stalk and/or phyllome from the small number of seedlings when forming a window shade for vegetation on a rooftop or the like by utilizing liana, and to make effective use of a rooftop space. SOLUTION: A nursery bed is installed on the north side of the rooftop of a budding, a cultivation trellis extending to the south end part of a rooftop is set up above the nursery bed, and Sechium edule seedlings are transplanted to the nursery bed. When sprouts of the seedlings extend to about 30 cm, the sprouts are nipped off above first leaves. Stalks bifurcately grown below the cut stalk are made to entwine about the cultivation trellis and when the stalks extend to about 2 m the stalks are further nipped off above first leaves to grow bifurcately. Each of stalks grown multifurcately is made to extend along the cultivation trellis from the north side of the rooftop to the south side to cover the rooftop surface with Sechium edule leaves.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a blind formed on a roof or a roof of a building to reduce a rise in room temperature due to insolation in summer and a cooling load associated therewith.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, air conditioning equipment in buildings has been remarkably popularized in order to realize a comfortable living environment. On the other hand, the rooftop is greened for the purpose of suppressing a temperature rise due to solar radiation incident on a concrete wall of the building in summer. Is also underway. As a facility for the purpose of reducing the heat load due to solar radiation, there is known a facility in which a planting bed and a cultivation shelf installed on the roof of a building grow vines such as knots. No. 6-197649).

[0003]

In the conventional facilities, vines are used. However, since varieties that have been revegetated for a long time are used, the elongation speed of the stem is small, the leaves are small, In order to breed large enough to cover, it is necessary to plant a large number of seedlings on a planting bed, and to grow stems and leaves, it is necessary to perform pinching at an appropriate time. Since the timing of each pinching was not clear, it was unsuitable for widespread propagation and lacked practicality. Furthermore, a large planting bed is used because a large number of seedlings need to be cultivated. However, the planting bed is inevitably heavy and the occupied area of the planting bed on the roof is large.
Therefore, there is a problem that the buildings in which such a large facility can be installed are limited, and the installation cost increases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a method of growing greenery blinds using climbing plants on a rooftop or the like, in which stems and leaves are efficiently multiplied with a small number of seedlings, so that solar radiation in summer can be improved. It is an object to suppress a rise in room temperature due to acquisition and to make effective use of a rooftop space.

[0005]

According to the present invention, a greening blind is provided with a nursery on the north side of the roof of a building, and a cultivation shelf extending to the southern end of the roof above the nursery. The seedlings were planted, and when the buds of the seedlings extended about 30 cm, they were pinched on the first leaf, split into two branches from under the cut stems, and entangled with the cultivation shelf. At the time of elongation to a certain extent, it is further pinched on the first leaf and divided into two branches to grow, and each of the plurality of stems extends from the northern side of the rooftop to the southern side along the cultivation shelf, and is a climbing plant. It is formed so that the roof is covered with leaves.

It is most preferable to use Hayato gourd as the climbing plant. Hayato melon has bigger leaves and more leaves than other climbing plants.It is weak to soil drying, but it has a wide adaptability to soil conditions. -Prefers multi-sunshine and has a vegetative nature in summer when the amount of solar radiation is large, with strong grass and fast growing. Therefore, even if cultivated on the roof, it is possible to easily propagate the stems and leaves widely with a small number of seedlings.

The use of Hayato gourd, which has a strong fertility, requires a small number of seedlings to be planted in the nursery, and it is sufficient to use a small nursery. Since the number of nurseries to be installed is small, the occupied area of the nurseries on the roof can be minimized. further,
The nursery is set up at the northern end of the roof, and a cultivation shelf overhanging to the southern end of the roof is provided above it. The roof can be covered along the north-south edges by growing stems and leaves.

[0008] In the tailoring of the Hayato melon, it is preferable to extract the parents and extend the offspring and grandchildren to spread the leaves widely. First, after planting Hayato melon seedlings in the nursery, when the buds of the seedlings elongate about 30 cm, they were pinched on the first leaf, and then divided into two branches from below the cut stems to grow. When each of the stems is further extended by about 2 m and pinched on the first leaf, the stem divided into a plurality of stems grows in a strong grassland especially in summer. Further pinching is optional if necessary. Hayato gourd likes strong light and is sensitive to light, so once a stalk of an appropriate length has been entangled with a cultivation shelf from a nursery, it can be extended while entangled with a cultivation shelf thereafter. It should be noted that bitter melon having the same planting properties as Hayato melon can also be used.

[0009] The greening blind of the present invention is a rooftop of a building,
That is, it can be provided on the roof of a house or on a flat roof of a building through which people can enter and exit. Flat roof, ridge, one-sided flow,
It can also be provided on a sloped roof such as a gable. If the blind forming surface is inclined and the nursery cannot be installed, the nursery is installed on a flat surface such as the ground or a veranda, from which the cultivation shelf can be extended to the blind forming surface. Regardless of the material of the rooftop surface on which the blinds are formed, the present invention can be applied to those formed of various materials such as concrete, folded plates, tin, slate, and foamed concrete plates.

Next, the effect when the greening blind of the present invention is formed on the entire roof surface of a building will be described. As an example, when the structure of the roof of the building is such that the outer mortar is 20 mm, the cinder concrete is 60 mm, the asphalt is 10 mm, and the concrete is 120 mm from the outer surface side, the roof is exposed to solar radiation throughout the day (hereinafter, referred to as the following). , "Solar roof") and when the entire surface of the roof is shaded and there is no solar radiation (hereinafter, "shade roof")
Compare with In addition, per unit area of this roof (total 2
The weight of 10 mm) is about 50 with a specific gravity of 2.4.
4 kg / m ² .

[0011] The thermodynamic heat intrusion from the roof is obtained by the following equation. Q = ΔTe × K × A Expression (1) Here, each parameter is represented by ΔTe is an effective temperature difference between the roof and the room (° C.), and K is a heat transfer rate from the roof (kcal / m ² h ° C.). Or kW / m ² h ° C.), and A is the area of the roof (m ² ).

First, when the weather was clear from morning to sunset in the summer (August), the change in the effective temperature difference ΔTe between the sun-roofed building and the shade-roofed building was measured. The results were as shown in Table (A). As shown in the table, with the solar roof, the temperature difference between the roof and the room was 22 ° C, the maximum at 6:00 pm
The average temperature difference per day was 13.5 ° C. On the other hand, on a shaded roof, the temperature reached a maximum of 6.5 ° C at 4:00 pm, and the average daily temperature difference was 3.72 ° C.

Next, the heat transfer coefficient K from the roof is obtained by the following equation. K = 1 / [1 / α ₀ + Σ (δ / λ) + 1 / α ₁ ] (2) where α ₀ is the outside air heat transfer coefficient (generally 20 kcal / m ² h ° C.) ), Α ₁ is the heat transfer coefficient inside the heat (generally 7
kcal / m ² h ℃), heat transfer coefficient λ is the material ^{(kcal / m 2 h ℃)} , δ
Is the thickness (m) of the material. The heat transfer coefficient K in summer for both the solar roof and the shaded roof with the same roof structure is K = 1.42 (kcal / m ² h ° C) when the building has a ceiling, and K when there is no ceiling. = 2.28 (kcal / m ² h ° C).

Therefore, the amount of heat Q that enters the solar roof and the shade roof
Are the values shown in Table (B) at the time when the execution temperature difference ΔTe is the maximum. Comparing the amount of heat entering both roofs, if there is a ceiling: 31.24A / 9.23A = 3.38
Double without ceiling: 50.16A / 14.82A = 3.3
8 times. In addition, the average effective temperature difference ΔTe is the value shown in Table (C). Similarly, when comparing the invading heat amounts of both roofs, when there is a ceiling: 19.17A / 5.28A = 3.6 times There is no ceiling Case: 30.79A / 8.48A = 3.6 times.

That is, it is clear that a shaded roof has a much smaller amount of heat entering than a sunlit roof, and that even if the sunshine is strong, if the roof is covered with shade, it is possible to suppress an increase in indoor temperature. Therefore, by forming the greening blind of the present invention on the entire roof surface of the building, it is possible to effectively prevent a rise in the room temperature in the summertime when the solar radiation is strong, and it is also possible to suppress the operating costs of the air conditioning and cooling equipment. . Further, when the roof of the building is covered with the greening blinds, moisture evaporates from the leaves of the overgrown plants, whereby the cooling effect by the latent heat of evaporation is exerted, and the rise in air temperature can be suppressed. Also, in the winter, the greening blinds are put away and the rooftop is exposed to solar radiation, so that indoor heat can be obtained, contrary to the summer.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A procedure for cultivating a hayato gourd on a rooftop to form a greening blind of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 2, the hayato gourd is cultivated through the steps of setting up a seedbed, sowing, germinating, growing, flowering, fruiting, harvesting, defoliating, squatting, and preserving seeds.

[Installation of Nursery Bed] The nursery bed 1 is made of a non-permeable material such as a wooden board, a foamed concrete board, a steel plate or the like, and has a frame 2 formed to have a size of about 2 to 3 m on all sides and a depth of about 50 cm. It is formed by putting appropriate soil inside.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a rubber mat 3 having a thickness of about 5 mm is laid on the rooftop,
The frame 2 is placed thereon, and a vinyl rock net 4 having good drainage property is laid therein. Water-retaining soil 5 such as Kanuma soil and cultivation soil 6 are piled on the frame. The cultivation soil 6 is a well-watered one, for example, a mixture of humus and organic compost obtained by ripening and cutting cut straw at a ratio of about 7: 3. A vinyl lock net 7 is placed on the top of the frame body 2 filled with soil to prevent direct sunlight and to easily penetrate rainwater around the roots, and wires 8 and the like to prevent this from being blown off by the wind. To fix it to the frame 2. A small hole 2a for drainage is formed in the lower peripheral wall of the frame 2 at an appropriate interval.

The nursery 1 is installed at the northern end of the rooftop T. When a plurality of nurseries are installed, the nursery 1 is 4 to 5 in consideration of the growth range of the vine leaves.
m so as to increase the installation interval. If there is a gutter at the end, it is preferable to place each nursery close to it. A watering pipe 17 for water supply is disposed above each nursery, and water sensors 9 are installed in the nursery. Water sensor 9,
Reference numeral 9 applies a voltage between the sensors and determines whether or not water is sufficiently replenished in the nursery bed based on the state of electrical conduction. The cultivation shelf 19 provided on the roof together with the water supply to the nursery 1 and the nursery will be described later.

[Seeding and germination] Seeding is performed by cutting a 40 cm square of the vinyl rock net 7 at the upper center of the nursery 1 and planting one or two Hayato gourd seeds at a depth of 5 to 8 cm. You may plant a sprout that grows spontaneously from the fruit of Hayato gourd and extends about 5 cm. The time of sowing is appropriate when late frost does not fall. After sowing, the seeds germinate as the temperature rises, the shoots grow upward and the roots grow underground. In addition, although fertilizer quality is stored in the organic soil, chemical fertilizers containing minerals such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid may be appropriately fertilized.

[Growth] After germination, the roots are allowed to elongate,
The shoots are appropriately pinched according to the degree of elongation. First, the buds are 30cm
When it has grown to a certain extent, it is cut on the first leaf, and the stem is divided into two parts from the cut lower side and grown. When the bifurcated stalks extend about 2 m, each stalk is cut off on the first leaf, further divided into two limbs and grown, and in parallel with this, each cultivation shelf is placed above the nursery. Entangle it.

The stem, which is divided into a plurality of branches, grows toward the south side of the roof while being exposed to sunlight, and the branches and leaves are extended on all sides of the stem, and the branches and leaves grow in a size of 20 to 30 m ² per strain.
During this time, each stem is fixed to a cultivation shelf with a wire so that it does not blow off due to strong wind according to the overgrowth of branches and leaves.

Hayato gourd entangled with the cultivation shelf has a large number of branches extending from a plurality of stems. The branches grow with a large number of large leaves, forming a wide shaded space under the branches and leaves. Shield the upper surface from solar radiation.

[Flowering, fruiting, and harvesting] Branches and leaves that flourish in the summer season blossom from late September to early October, which is a short day.
The fruit set in about a month and can be harvested before the first frost falls.

[Leaf defoliation, endowment, seed preservation]
The stalks and leaves are cut off, the roots are extracted from the nursery, the roof is cleaned, and the body is closed. The cut vines and leaves may be dropped on the ground, piled up and aged, and used as organic fertilizer compost for the following year. In warmer regions, nurseries may be covered and made as perennials. In this case, it is preferable to plant a perennial every other nursery when setting up a plurality of seedbeds, since Hayato melons do not like continuous cropping. The harvested fruits are stored in a place kept at 10 to 15 ° C. in winter and prepared for the next sowing.

Next, a water supply facility and a cultivation shelf installed on the roof together with the nursery will be described. [Water supply facility] The nursery 1 must always be maintained in an appropriate water state, and a water supply facility is indispensable for cultivation on the roof. FIG. 5 shows an example of a piping system of a water supply system 10, which is configured to guide rainwater flowing down a rooftop into a rain gutter 11 via a pouring gutter to a tank 12 installed on the ground to store water. Is pumped up to the roof by the water supply pump 13 in accordance with the drying state of the nursery 1 and water is automatically supplied.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a water storage tank 12 is disposed below the outlet of the vertical rain gutter 11 to collect rainwater, and the collected rainwater is distributed in the tank. The water supply pump 13 draws water from the suction port 13a, and feeds water to the watering pipe 17 installed above the nursery via a relay pipe 16b and a flow control valve 16c extending to the roof to supply water to the nursery. . Inlet 1 of feed pump 13
3a is provided with a foot check valve 16a.
A check valve 16d is also mounted on a connection portion of the relay tube 3b with the relay pipe 16b.

A water level detection sensor 14 is provided in the water storage tank 12.
a is installed and the water pipe 15
The solenoid valve 14b of the pipe line connected to a is opened to allow tap water to flow out and be stored in the tank. When the rainwater has fully accumulated in the tank, the surplus is discharged to the drainage path 12b via the overflow pipe 12a. A drain valve 1 is located at the bottom of the tank.
2c is provided, when the overflow pipe 12a is clogged and cannot be drained, when draining dirty water lower than the overflow pipe 12a, or when draining all water to keep the inside of the tank sanitary , Can be discharged from the drain valve 12c to the drain passage 12b. Further, a check valve 15b is provided between the water pipe and the tank so that the dirty water in the tank does not flow backward to the water pipe 15a when the water is excessively accumulated in the tank.
Check valve 15b and water pipe 15a so as to bypass 4b
And are connected by a bypass valve 15c.

The water supply pump 13 operates in response to a detection signal of the water sensor 9 (see FIG. 3) provided in the nursery, and the sensor detects that the water in the nursery is not sufficient and is in a dry state. When water is detected, the water supply pump 13 is operated to supply the water stored in the water storage tank 12 to the nursery 1 on the roof, and water is sprinkled from the watering pipe 17 so that the humidity in the nursery is kept constant. I have.

At the rainwater inlet of the rain gutter 9 communicating with the rooftop gutter, a wire net-like dust removing filter 18 is provided.
The fallen leaves and other debris are prevented from entering the rain gutter. The leaves and the like accumulated on the dust removal filter 18 are used as fertilizer and the like as humus when the rooftop is periodically cleaned. Note that a dust removal filter 18 is also installed at the rainwater inlet of the water storage tank 12.

[Cultivation shelves] The cultivation shelves are installed on the roof in parallel with the nursery beds and use wires or rod-like members such as wires.
Depending on the size of the roof, etc., it is constructed to be stretched as low as the nursery (land crawling) or stretched to a height of about 2 m (shelf finishing).

When the cultivation shelf 19 uses a wire such as a wire, as shown in FIG. 7, both ends of the wire 22 are connected to anchors 21 which are driven into parapets 20 on both north and south ends of the rooftop T. , The middle part is a shelf 23
In the case of land crawling, the support rods 24 installed on the roof surface at substantially the same height as the nursery bed 1 are respectively supported to prevent the wires 22 stretched along the north-south direction from dropping, It can be formed so as to be stretched in a mesh shape with an appropriate width around the four sides. If multiple nurseries are to be set up,
It is preferable to provide a passage 25 between the adjacent cultivation shelves 19, 19 so that the rooftop inspection and nursery care can be performed as shown in FIG.

In any height of the cultivation shelf 19, the stalks and leaves of Hayato gourd extending from the nursery 1 can be entangled with the shelf above it to extend the roof, so that the roof top can be shielded from solar radiation. When the cultivation shelf is provided at a height of about 2 m, a space is formed below the cultivation shelf, which is convenient for pruning and cutting vines, harvesting fruits, and the like, and using this space for various purposes. be able to. FIG. 9 shows a state in which Hayato melon is cultivated on the roof according to the above procedure, and a greening blind covering the entire roof is formed.

[0034]

EXAMPLE A greening blind was formed on the upper surface (roof surface) of a covered garage having a size of about 40 m ² . Two nurseries were placed on the ground facing the northern side of the garage at an interval of about 4 m, and Hayato melons were planted. Above the nursery, a cultivation shelf composed of a plurality of bar-shaped steel materials assembled in a grid at a height of about 2 m from the ground was arranged. The cultivation shelf was provided so as to cover the entire upper surface of the garage. Hayato gourd was grown according to the procedure and process described above, and the stem of Hayato gourd extending from the nursery was entangled with the cultivation shelf and grown.

As a result, the vines and leaves of Hayato melon that grew along the cultivation shelves flourished from August to September so as to cover the entire roof surface.

The temperature in the garage is reduced by an average of 2 to 3 ° C. from the temperature at the same time when the hayato gourd was not cultivated on the upper surface. It was confirmed that there was an effect of preventing temperature rise and suppressing temperature rise. This is considered to be due to the fact that the roof surface is covered with hayato gourd leaves and the like, so that the transmission of solar heat is suppressed to a low level, and that the cooling effect due to moisture evaporating from the leaf surface.

[0037]

According to the greening blinds of the present invention, vines such as Hayato melon are used to efficiently grow stems and leaves with a small number of seedlings, thereby suppressing a rise in room temperature due to the acquisition of solar radiation in summer. , The rooftop space can be used effectively.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIGS. 1A to 1C are tables showing tables used for explaining effects when a greening blind is formed. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a procedure for forming a greening blind using a Hayato melon.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross section of a nursery bed installed on a rooftop.

FIG. 4 is a view of the nursery of FIG. 3 as viewed from above.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a piping system of an example of a water supply facility used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a structure of a water storage tank installed on the ground.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing a structure of a cultivation shelf installed on a rooftop.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an arrangement of cultivation shelves when a plurality of nurseries are installed on a rooftop.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a state in which Hayato gourd is cultivated on the rooftop.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Nursery bed 2 Frame 9 Rain gutter 12 Water storage tank 17 Watering pipe 19 Cultivation shelf

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A nursery is provided on the north side of the roof of the building, and a cultivation shelf is provided above the nursery to extend to the southern end of the roof.
m at the time of elongation about the first leaf at the time of elongation, the stem of the first leaf at the time when each stem elongates about 2 m while entangled with the cultivation shelf the stem that grew into two branches from below the cut stem. The pinch is further pinched and grown in two forks, and each of these multiple stems is formed so that the roof is covered with Hayato gourd leaves by extending from the north to the south of the roof along the cultivation shelf. Greening blinds for buildings using climbing plants, characterized by being made. 2. The greening blind for a building using a climbing plant according to claim 1, wherein bitter melon is used instead of Hayato melon.