JP2001268817A - Series secondary cell group - Google Patents
Series secondary cell groupInfo
- Publication number
- JP2001268817A JP2001268817A JP2000084707A JP2000084707A JP2001268817A JP 2001268817 A JP2001268817 A JP 2001268817A JP 2000084707 A JP2000084707 A JP 2000084707A JP 2000084707 A JP2000084707 A JP 2000084707A JP 2001268817 A JP2001268817 A JP 2001268817A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- charging
- cell
- voltage
- battery
- capacity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は直列二次電池群に関
する。The present invention relates to a series secondary battery group.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】二次電池を直列に接続して充放電させる
場合、各電池の容量や内部抵抗等の特性差があるため、
各電池間には電圧の差がある。直列電池群の場合、各電
池間に電圧差があるので、充電では最大電圧の電池が上
限電圧に達した場合に停止させ、放電では最小電圧の電
池が下限電圧に達した場合に停止させる。特にリチュウ
ム電池のように、過充電、過放電が電池の安全性に影響
を及ぼすような直列電池群対しては確実な制御が必要で
ある。一方、直列電池群の持つ容量を最大限利用できる
ようにすることも大切である。2. Description of the Related Art When a secondary battery is connected in series and charged and discharged, there is a difference in characteristics such as capacity and internal resistance of each battery.
There is a voltage difference between each battery. In the case of a series battery group, since there is a voltage difference between the batteries, charging is stopped when the battery with the maximum voltage reaches the upper limit voltage, and discharging is stopped when the battery with the minimum voltage reaches the lower limit voltage. In particular, reliable control is necessary for a series battery group in which overcharge and overdischarge affect the safety of the battery, such as a lithium battery. On the other hand, it is also important to make the most of the capacity of the series battery group.
【０００３】このような観点から、二次電池を直列接続
した直列電池群の充放電の制御方法が特開平１１−５５
８６６号公報に提案されている。この提案は有用なアイ
デアであるが、電池の充電に力点がおかれている面があ
るため、充電時間が長くなる可能性がある。[0003] From such a viewpoint, a charge / discharge control method for a series battery group in which secondary batteries are connected in series is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-55.
No. 866 proposes this. While this proposal is a useful idea, the emphasis on charging the battery may increase the charging time.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、基本的に
は、特開平１１−５５８６６に号公報提案されているよ
うに、直列電池群の中で容量がもっとも小さい電池に着
目して、電池の安全性に影響を及ぼすような過充電、過
放電を避けながら、短時間で充電を終了させて、直列電
池群の使い勝手をよくするとともに、電池の寿命を長い
ものとしようとするものである。The present invention basically focuses on the battery having the smallest capacity in a series battery group, as proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-55866. The purpose is to end charging in a short time while avoiding overcharging and overdischarging that affect the safety of the battery, improve the usability of the series battery group, and extend the life of the battery. .
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、直列電池群
の各電池の電池電圧を監視しながら、充電は電池群のい
ずれかの電池電圧が上限電圧に達したときに終止し、放
電は電池群のいずれかの最小電圧が下限電圧に達したと
きに終止する制御を行う充放電制御とするとともに、そ
の両方が容量の最も小さい電池の電圧によって制御し、
且つ、この容量の最も小さい電池の電圧が本来の電池の
中間電圧になったときに、他の容量の大きい電池のみの
充電を可能とするように、最も小さい電池をバイパスす
るバイパス回路を設け、充放電の間にこのバイパス回路
を用いることによって、その両方が容量の最も小さい電
池の電圧によって制御されるように、電池内電気量を調
整する。According to the present invention, while monitoring the battery voltage of each battery in the series battery group, charging is terminated when any battery voltage of the battery group reaches the upper limit voltage, and discharging is stopped. Along with charge / discharge control that terminates when any of the minimum voltages of the battery group reaches the lower limit voltage, both of them are controlled by the voltage of the battery with the smallest capacity,
And, when the voltage of the battery with the smallest capacity becomes the intermediate voltage of the original battery, a bypass circuit that bypasses the smallest battery is provided so as to enable charging of only the other batteries with large capacity, By using this bypass circuit during charging and discharging, the amount of electricity in the battery is adjusted so that both are controlled by the voltage of the battery with the smallest capacity.
【０００６】この為には、容量の最も小さい電池が特定
される必要があるが、これは、たとえば、電池製造時の
性能評価のデータによることができるし、あるいは、前
回の使用による放電特性から評価して決めることもでき
る。経時的に特性が変化する可能性を考えると、製造時
のデータによるよりも放電時の特性を利用する方が良い
といえる。For this purpose, the battery having the smallest capacity needs to be specified. This can be based on, for example, performance evaluation data at the time of battery manufacture, or from the discharge characteristics of previous use. You can also evaluate and decide. Considering the possibility that the characteristics change over time, it can be said that it is better to use the characteristics at the time of discharge rather than the data at the time of manufacture.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の実施の形態】図１に本発明の直列二次電池群の
実施例を示す。図において、Ｂ1、Ｂ2、Ｂ3−−−Ｂnは
直列接続の二次電池である。Ｓ1およびＲ1、Ｓ2および
Ｒ2、Ｓ3およびＲ3−−−ＳnおよびＲnの直列回路は、
前記各電池のバイパス回路を構成するためのスイッチお
よび抵抗である。ＯＡ1、ＯＡ2、ＯＡ3−−−ＯＡnは各
電池の電圧を計測するためのオペアンプである。Ｃdお
よびＯＡzは直列電池群を流れる電流を検出するための
検出器およびオペアンプである。１０は制御装置であ
り、入出力装置Ｉ／Ｏ、ＣＰＵおよびメモリＭＥＭと所
定のプログラムを備えた小型の計算機を有する。制御装
置１０は前記各オペアンプの出力を入力されるととも
に、１１，１２で示す設定値付与回路から制御に必要な
データを与えられる。２０は直列電池群を充電するため
の充電装置である。この充電装置２０は商用交流電源を
入力として直流電流を出力する定電圧電源であり、制御
装置１０からオンオフ制御される。３０は電流制御素子
であり、定電圧電源２０を電源として、制御装置１０の
制御信号により、直列電池群を充電するための電流を制
御する。４０は切替スイッチであり、制御装置１０の制
御信号により、直列電池群を充電するために電流制御素
子３０側に接続され、あるいは、負荷回路側に接続され
る。前記バイパス回路のスイッチは制御装置１０の制御
信号により、特定のスイッチがオンとされる。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a series secondary battery group according to the present invention. In the figure, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 --- Bn are secondary batteries connected in series. A series circuit of S 1 and R 1, S 2 and R 2, S 3 and R 3 --- S n and R n is,
Switches and resistors for constituting a bypass circuit of each battery. OA 1, OA 2, OA 3 --- OA n is an operational amplifier for measuring the voltage of each battery. C d and OA z are a detector and an operational amplifier for detecting a current flowing through the series battery group. Reference numeral 10 denotes a control device, which has an input / output device I / O, a CPU, a memory MEM, and a small computer provided with a predetermined program. The control device 10 receives the outputs of the operational amplifiers and receives data necessary for control from setting value providing circuits 11 and 12. Reference numeral 20 denotes a charging device for charging the series battery group. The charging device 20 is a constant voltage power supply that outputs a DC current with a commercial AC power supply as an input, and is controlled on and off by the control device 10. Reference numeral 30 denotes a current control element, which controls a current for charging the series battery group by a control signal of the control device 10 using the constant voltage power supply 20 as a power supply. Reference numeral 40 denotes a changeover switch, which is connected to the current control element 30 for charging the series battery group or connected to the load circuit in accordance with a control signal from the control device 10. A specific switch of the switch of the bypass circuit is turned on by a control signal of the control device 10.
【０００８】図２は直列電池群を使用するときの放電の
管理の実施例を示すフローである。直列電池群を使用す
るに当たっては、各電池は、所定の充電がなされている
ものとする。まず、制御装置１０は、各電池（セル）の
電圧を常時監視しながら、全てのセル電圧が下限電圧よ
り大きいときは、使用を許す。このときはスイッチ４０
は負荷回路側に切り替えられる。何れかのセルが下限電
圧に達したときは、このセルを、容量の最も小さい電池
（容量制限セル）として記憶するとともに、使用者に放
電制限の指令を与えて使用を禁止する。容量制限セル
は、電池が製造された直後は、製造時の評価と一致する
ことが多い。しかし、使用時間が長くなると、当初の容
量制限セルとは異なる電池が容量制限セルとなることが
あるから、放電により何れかのセルが下限電圧に達する
たびに、決定するのが良い。FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of discharge management when a series battery group is used. In using the series battery group, it is assumed that each battery has been charged in a predetermined manner. First, the controller 10 constantly monitors the voltage of each battery (cell), and permits use if all cell voltages are higher than the lower limit voltage. In this case, switch 40
Is switched to the load circuit side. When any of the cells reaches the lower limit voltage, this cell is stored as a battery having the smallest capacity (capacity limited cell), and the user is prohibited from using the battery by giving a discharge limiting command to the user. Immediately after the battery is manufactured, the capacity-limited cell often matches the evaluation at the time of manufacture. However, if the usage time becomes longer, a battery different from the original capacity-limited cell may become the capacity-limited cell. Therefore, it is better to determine each time any cell reaches the lower limit voltage by discharging.
【０００９】図３は直列電池群を充電するときの管理の
実施例を示すフロー、図４は充電開始から終了までのセ
ル電圧の変化を３個のセルで代表して示す図である。放
電が、容量制限セルが下限電圧に達したときに停止され
ることから明らかなように、充電開示時の電圧は各セル
で異なっている。図４では、最もセル容量の大きいもの
に参照符号６０を、容量制限セルに参照符号８０を、そ
れらの中間的な容量のセルに参照符号７０を、それぞれ
付して電圧の変化を示す。充電開始時は、それぞれのセ
ルが、６０1、７０1、８０1のように、容量の大きいも
のほど電圧が高い。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of management when charging a series battery group, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in cell voltage from the start to the end of charging by three cells. As is apparent from the fact that the discharge is stopped when the capacity-limited cell reaches the lower limit voltage, the voltage at the time of starting charging is different in each cell. In FIG. 4, the change in voltage is indicated by giving the reference numeral 60 to the cell having the largest cell capacity, the reference numeral 80 to the capacity-limited cell, and the reference numeral 70 to the cell having an intermediate capacity. At the start of charging, the higher the capacity of each cell, such as 60 1 , 70 1 , 80 1 , the higher the voltage.
【００１０】まず、制御装置１０は、スイッチ４０を電
流制御素子３０側に切り替え、放電の管理と同様に各電
池（セル）の電圧を常時監視しながら、全てのセル電圧
が中間電圧より小さいときは、直列電池群に許されてい
る最大の充電電流で充電するように電流制御素子３０を
制御する。充電が進んでくると、まず、６０1に示す電
圧の高いセルが、中間電圧に到達する。電圧が中間電圧
に到達したセルがあると、制御装置１０は、そのセルｎ
に対応するバイパス回路のスイッチＳを閉じる。その結
果、図４の６０2のように、セルｎの電圧は中間電圧に
維持されるが、他のセルの充電は続く。次いで、７０1
に示す電圧の高いセルが、中間電圧に到達すると、同様
に、制御装置１０は、そのセルに対応するバイパス回路
のスイッチＳを閉じる。その結果、図４の７０2のよう
に、そのセルの電圧は中間電圧に維持される。充電が進
んでくると、いずれ、充電開始時に最も電圧が低かった
容量制限セルも８０1に示すように、中間電圧に達す
る。そうすると、制御装置１０は、いままで閉じていた
バイパス回路のスイッチＳを開く。そして、再び全ての
セルの充電が進められる。この結果、容量制限セルがも
っとも早く上限電圧に到達する。そうすると、８０2に
示すように、充電電流を制限して容量制限セルの電圧を
上限電圧に維持しながら充電を続け、充電電流が充電停
止値より小さくなるか、充電時間が制限値に達するかす
ると充電を停止する。このときより容量の大きいセルは
６０3、７０3に示すように充電される。First, the control device 10 switches the switch 40 to the current control element 30 side and constantly monitors the voltage of each battery (cell) as in the case of discharge management, and when all the cell voltages are smaller than the intermediate voltage. Controls the current control element 30 to charge with the maximum charging current allowed for the series battery group. As the charging progresses, first, the high voltage cell indicated by 60 1 reaches the intermediate voltage. When there is a cell whose voltage has reached the intermediate voltage, the control device 10 sets that cell n
Is closed by the switch S of the bypass circuit corresponding to. As a result, as in the 60 2 in FIG. 4, the voltage of the cell n is maintained in the intermediate voltage, the other cell charging continues. Then 70 1
When the high-voltage cell shown in (1) reaches the intermediate voltage, the control device 10 similarly closes the switch S of the bypass circuit corresponding to the cell. As a result, as in the 70 2 in FIG. 4, the voltage of the cell is maintained at an intermediate voltage. When charging willing come, either, as illustrated in capacity limit cell also 80 1 most voltage is low at the start of charging to reach the intermediate voltage. Then, the control device 10 opens the switch S of the bypass circuit that has been closed until now. Then, charging of all cells is advanced again. As a result, the capacity-limited cell reaches the upper limit voltage earliest. Then, either as shown in 802, continued charging while maintaining the voltage of the capacity limit cell limits the charging current to the upper limit voltage or the charging current becomes smaller than the charging stop value, the charging time reaches a limit value Then, charging stops. Large cell capacity than this time is charged as shown in 60 3, 70 3.
【００１１】図５は、本発明による充放電がなされたと
きの、最もセル容量の大きいセル６０、中間的な容量の
セル７０および容量制限セル８０の電圧変化と容量を、
模式的に示す図である。容量制限セル８０は上下限の電
圧範囲内で最大の電圧変化をするが、他のセルは容量に
応じて電圧変化は小さく、実施例では中間電圧を中心に
変化する。しかしながら、各セルが供給する電気容量
（アンペア・アワー）は、図に幅で示すように、同じも
のとなる。FIG. 5 shows the voltage change and the capacity of the cell 60 having the largest cell capacity, the cell 70 having the intermediate capacity, and the capacity limiting cell 80 when the charge and discharge according to the present invention are performed.
It is a figure which shows typically. The capacity-limited cell 80 has the largest voltage change within the upper and lower limit voltage ranges, but the other cells have a small voltage change according to the capacity, and in the embodiment, change around the intermediate voltage. However, the electrical capacity (ampere hour) supplied by each cell is the same, as indicated by the width in the figure.
【００１２】上述の実施例では、充電の制御のための電
圧を上下限の電圧範囲の中間に選んだが、図５を参照し
てわかるように、もう少し上限電圧よりの値であっても
良い。いずれにしろ、充電停止値あるいは充電時間制限
値に達するまでに、容量の大きいセルが十分な充電がな
されるように設定されれば良い。In the above-described embodiment, the voltage for controlling the charging is selected between the upper and lower limits of the voltage range. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the voltage may be slightly higher than the upper limit voltage. In any case, it is sufficient that the cell having a large capacity is sufficiently charged before reaching the charging stop value or the charging time limit value.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】本発明により、直流電池の充放電が効率
良く行え、電池寿命の減少が必要最小限となり、長寿命
化が可能となる。According to the present invention, the charging and discharging of the DC battery can be performed efficiently, the reduction of the battery life can be minimized, and the life can be extended.
【図１】本発明の直列二次電池群の実施例を示す図。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a series secondary battery group of the present invention.
【図２】直列電池群を使用するときの放電の管理の実施
例を示すフロー。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of management of discharge when a series battery group is used.
【図３】直列電池群を充電するときの管理の実施例を示
すフロー。FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of management when charging a series battery group.
【図４】充電開始から終了までのセル電圧の変化を３個
のセルで代表して示す図。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in cell voltage from the start to the end of charging as representative of three cells.
【図５】本発明による充放電がなされたときのセル容量
に応じたセルの電圧変化と容量を模式的に示す図。FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a voltage change and a capacity of a cell according to a cell capacity when charging and discharging are performed according to the present invention.
Ｂ1、Ｂ2、Ｂ3−−−Ｂn：直列接続の二次電池、Ｓおよ
びＲ：バイパス回路、ＯＡ1、ＯＡ2、ＯＡ3−−−Ｏ
Ａn：オペアンプ、ＣdおよびＯＡz：電流を検出するた
めの検出器およびオペアンプ、１０：制御装置、１１，
１２：設定値付与回路、２０：充電装置、３０：電流制
御素子、４０：切替スイッチ、６０、７０、８０：容量
の異なるセルの参照符号。B 1 , B 2 , B 3 --- B n : series-connected secondary batteries, S and R: bypass circuit, OA 1 , OA 2 , OA 3 --- O
A n : operational amplifier, C d and OA z : detector and operational amplifier for detecting current, 10: controller, 11,
12: setting value providing circuit, 20: charging device, 30: current control element, 40: changeover switch, 60, 70, 80: reference numerals of cells having different capacities.
Claims (3)
充放電を制御する制御装置よりなる直列二次電池群であ
って、前記制御装置は直列に接続された複数の二次電池
の内最も容量の小さいセルが所定の充電電圧に達するま
で、他のセルの充電を抑止しながら充電を続け、最も容
量の小さいセルが所定の充電電圧に達すると、他のセル
の充電を再開し、最も容量の小さいセルが上限電圧に達
すると電流制御に切り替えることを特徴とする直列二次
電池群。1. A series secondary battery group comprising a plurality of serially connected secondary battery groups and a control device for controlling charging / discharging thereof, wherein the control device includes a plurality of serially connected secondary battery groups. The charging is continued while suppressing the charging of the other cells until the cell with the smallest capacity reaches the predetermined charging voltage, and when the cell with the smallest capacity reaches the predetermined charging voltage, charging of the other cells is restarted. A series secondary battery group wherein the control is switched to current control when the cell having the smallest capacity reaches the upper limit voltage.
バイパスする回路によって行われる請求項１記載の二次
電池群。2. The secondary battery group according to claim 1, wherein the charging is suppressed by a circuit that bypasses a charging current of the battery.
価あるいは充電の前の放電状況のいずれかによりなされ
る請求項１記載の二次電池群。3. The secondary battery group according to claim 1, wherein the battery having the smallest capacity is specified by one of an evaluation at the time of manufacture and a discharge state before charging.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000084707A JP2001268817A (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Series secondary cell group |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000084707A JP2001268817A (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Series secondary cell group |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001268817A true JP2001268817A (en) | 2001-09-28 |
Family
ID=18601154
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000084707A Pending JP2001268817A (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Series secondary cell group |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2001268817A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006318843A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-24 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp | Charge/discharge circuit of lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP2009081981A (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Charge state optimizing apparatus and battery pack system provided therewith |
| US7825628B2 (en) | 2006-05-27 | 2010-11-02 | Gs Yuasa Corporation | Device for balancing cell voltage for a secondary battery |
| WO2011105309A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Secondary cell protection circuit and battery |
| WO2013121721A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Voltage balance control device |
-
2000
- 2000-03-22 JP JP2000084707A patent/JP2001268817A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006318843A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-24 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp | Charge/discharge circuit of lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP4641862B2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2011-03-02 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | Lithium-ion secondary battery charge / discharge circuit |
| US7825628B2 (en) | 2006-05-27 | 2010-11-02 | Gs Yuasa Corporation | Device for balancing cell voltage for a secondary battery |
| JP2009081981A (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Charge state optimizing apparatus and battery pack system provided therewith |
| WO2011105309A1 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-01 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Secondary cell protection circuit and battery |
| JP2011182484A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Secondary battery protection circuit and battery device |
| US9106081B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2015-08-11 | Ricoh Electronic Devices Co., Ltd. | Secondary cell protection circuit and battery |
| WO2013121721A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-22 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Voltage balance control device |
| JP2013169055A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-29 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Voltage balance control device |
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