JP2001264691A - Stereoscopic image display device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a stereoscopic image display device which performs stereoscopic display by super-multiple lenses and enables a stereoscopic image to be observed excellently without fatigue. SOLUTION: A plurality of light beams are made incident on the pupils of an observer and the adjustment of the observer's eyes is focused at the intersecting position of the light beams by the stereo-scopic image display device. The number of light beams n which are made incident on the pupils, the interval of the most separated light beams d among the plurality of beams on the pupils, a light beam diameter ϕ when the beams are made incident on the pupils, a distance l from the pupils of the observer to a position where the light beam diameter becomes the minimum diameter, a distance L from the observer's pupils to the intersecting position of the beam, the smallest diameter Δ of the beams in the distance 1 and the angle resolution ρ of observer's eyes are properly set respectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device and a three-dimensional image display method, and more particularly, to reducing a burden on an observer's eyes when observing a three-dimensional image, and making it possible to observe the image in a natural state without fatigue. And a stereoscopic image display method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, three-dimensional objects (three-dimensional objects, three-dimensional objects)
Various methods have been tried as a method of reproducing a.

[0003] Among these methods, a method of causing a viewer to perform stereoscopic vision using binocular parallax (for example, a polarized glasses method or a lenticular method) is widely used.

However, in these methods, since inconsistency occurs between stereoscopic recognition by the accommodation function of the eyes and stereoscopic recognition by binocular parallax, the observer often feels tired and uncomfortable. Therefore, some methods of three-dimensional image reproduction satisfying other three-dimensional recognition functions of the eye without relying only on binocular parallax have been attempted.

[0005] According to Chapter 3, Section 8 “Study on stereoscopic vision in super multi-view area” of “Advanced Stereoscopic Video Communication Project Final Result Report” issued by the Communications and Broadcasting Corporation in 1997, monocular Under the stereoscopic display of the "super multi-view area" that displays a multi-viewpoint image in which the parallax interval is fine enough to allow multiple parallax images to enter the pupil of the pupil, the focus adjustment of the observer's eyes is guided by binocular parallax It is said that the image is guided to the vicinity of the pseudo three-dimensional image to be displayed, thereby reducing the fatigue and discomfort of the observer. In other words, the conventional stereoscopic display method of presenting a parallax image from two viewpoints to both eyes is extended to a method of presenting a parallax image from n viewpoints to n viewpoints. It has been suggested that when the distance between two points adjacent to the viewpoint is smaller than the pupil of the observer, a stereoscopic display with less eyestrain due to the “monocular parallax effect” is obtained.

Further, in the same report, Chapter 3, Section 6, “Focused Light Source Array”
In (R & D of multi-view stereoscopic display by (FLA)), a concrete example of practicing the above theory is shown. FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of this specific example.

The FLA in FIG. 17 is a focused light source array (Focused Li
ght Array), and has a configuration as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 18A, the FLA converts light from a light source (Light Source) such as a semiconductor laser into an optical system (Beam Shapin).
g Optics) into a thin luminous flux.
As shown in (b), all the light beams are converged at the center of the circle by arranging them in an arc shape.

The focal point thus formed is re-imaged on a vertical diffuser (Vertical Diffuser) by an optical system (Objective lens, Imaging lens), and a scanning system (Vertical S).
A two-dimensional high-speed scan is performed by a canner and a horizontal scanner to form a two-dimensional image. If the scanning cycle is within the permissible afterimage time of the observer's eye (within about 1/50 second), image observation without flicker becomes possible.

The focal point at a certain moment constitutes an individual pixel of the two-dimensional image, and each pixel is considered to be a bright spot that emits light rays in different directions by the number of original light sources.

The direction in which light rays are emitted can be determined by selecting the light source to emit light. Since the emission directions of these light beams differ by a very small angle, the condition is such that two or more different light beams enter the pupil of the observer at the observation position.

That is, according to the above configuration, it is possible to stereoscopically display the "super multi-view area" in which a plurality of parallax images enter the single eye of the observer, and the focus adjustment of the observer's eye is guided to the vicinity of the stereoscopic image. People's fatigue and discomfort are reduced.

[0013]

The prior art has the following problems. The most characteristic feature of the "super multi-view region" stereoscopic display is that the "monocular parallax effect" guides the focus of the observer's eyes to the vicinity of the stereoscopic image, thereby reducing the fatigue and discomfort of the observer. In order to generate the “monocular parallax effect”, it is necessary to present a plurality of parallax images in a single eye.

However, basic conditions, such as what parallax image should be presented to a single eye and the degree of directivity of light incident on the single eye, have been clarified so far. Absent.

This means that the basic specifications of the playback apparatus cannot be determined when configuring a playback apparatus that performs stereoscopic display of the “super multi-view area”.

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device and a three-dimensional image display method capable of observing a three-dimensional image satisfactorily without obstructing the observer when observing a three-dimensional image using super-multi-view three-dimensional display. For the purpose of providing.

[0017]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional image display apparatus in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil, and the eye of the observer is adjusted at the intersection of the light beams. In the stereoscopic image display device to be focused, the number of light rays incident on the pupil is n, the distance between the most distant light rays of the plurality of light rays on the pupil plane is d, and the light ray of the light rays entering the pupil is Φ is the diameter, l is the distance from the observer's pupil to the position where the diameter of the light beam is the minimum, L is the distance from the observer's pupil to the intersection point of the light beams, and L is the minimum diameter of the light beam at the distance l. Is Δ and the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eye is:

[0018]

(Equation 9)

When L> l,

[0020]

(Equation 10)

Is satisfied.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional image display apparatus in which a plurality of light rays are made incident on an observer's pupil, and adjustment of the eyes of the observer is focused on the intersection of the light rays. In this state, the light beam has a diffusion characteristic only in the vertical direction, or the cross section of the light beam at the pupil position of the observer has a shape that is short in the horizontal direction and long in the vertical direction, and The number of incident light rays is n, the horizontal distance between the most distant light rays among the plurality of light rays on the pupil plane is d,
Φ _h is the horizontal width when entering the pupil of the light ray, l is the distance from the observer's pupil to the position where the horizontal width of the light ray is the minimum, and from the observer's pupil to the intersection point of the light rays. when the distance L, the distance l the minimum horizontal width of the light line Δ in _h, the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eye, when the l> L is

[0023]

[Equation 11]

When L> l,

[0025]

(Equation 12)

Is satisfied.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, information on a distance l from the observer's pupil to a position where the diameter of the light ray is minimized and information on a distance l from the observer's pupil to an intersection point of the light rays are provided. A means for acquiring information on the distance L, and a means for changing the diameter φ of the light beam when it enters the pupil based on the two types of information. If l> L, d> φ L> l In this case, d <φ is controlled.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, information on the distance l from the observer's pupil to the position where the horizontal width of the light beam is minimized and the position of the intersection of the light beams from the observer's pupil a means for obtaining information of a distance L to the means for changing the horizontal width phi _h when entering the pupil of the light beam based on the two kinds of information, in the case of l> L d> for φ _h L> l is characterized by controlling so as to be d <φ _h.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional image display apparatus for causing a plurality of light beams to enter a pupil of the observer and focusing the adjustment of the eyes of the observer at the intersection of the light beams. In n, the number of light rays entering the pupil is n, the pupil diameter of the observer is d _P , the light ray diameter of the light ray when entering the pupil is φ, and the diameter of the light ray from the observer's pupil is minimized. When the distance to the position is l, the distance from the observer's pupil to the intersection of the light rays is L, the minimum diameter of the light ray at the distance l is Δ, and the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eyes, l> For L

[0030]

(Equation 13)

When L> l,

[0032]

[Equation 14]

This is characterized by satisfying the following.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional image display apparatus in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil, and the adjustment of the observer's eye is focused on the intersection of the light beams. In this state, the light beam has a diffusion characteristic only in the vertical direction, or the cross section of the light beam at the pupil position of the observer has a shape that is short in the horizontal direction and long in the vertical direction, and The number of incident light beams is n, the pupil diameter of the observer is d _P , the horizontal width when entering the pupil of the light beam is φ _h , from the observer's pupil to the position where the horizontal width of the light beam is the minimum. when the distance l, the distance from the observer's pupil to the intersection between the ray L, the distance l the minimum horizontal width of the light line Δ in _h, the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eye, l >
For L

[0035]

(Equation 15)

When L> l,

[0037]

(Equation 16)

Is satisfied.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the fifth aspect of the present invention, information on a distance l from the observer's pupil to a position where the diameter of the light ray is minimized and information on a distance l from the observer's pupil to an intersection point of the light rays are provided. A means for acquiring information on the distance L; and a means for changing the diameter φ of the light beam when it enters the pupil based on the two types of information. When l> L, d _P > φ L> l In the case of, control is performed such that d _P <φ.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the sixth aspect of the present invention, information on the distance l from the observer's pupil to the position where the horizontal width of the light ray is minimized and the position of the intersection of the light rays from the observer's pupil a means for obtaining information of a distance L to the means for changing the horizontal width phi _h when entering the pupil of the light beam based on the two kinds of information, in the case of l> L d _P > for phi _h L> l is characterized by controlling so as to be d _P <φ _h.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stereoscopic image display method in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil, and adjustment of the observer's eyes is focused on an intersection of the light beams to form a three-dimensional image. In the stereoscopic image display method for observation, a distance between a ray intersection point of a plurality of light rays incident on the pupil and a pupil position of the observer is L, and a light source position and a pupil position of the observer at which the diameter of the light ray is minimum. When the distance between the distance L and the distance l is input, an input step of inputting information of the distance L and the distance l, a comparison step of comparing the magnitude of the distance L and the distance l, and the light enters the pupil of the observer according to the comparison result It is characterized by having an adjusting step of adjusting the beam diameter φ.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stereoscopic image display method comprising:
In a stereoscopic image display method of observing a stereoscopic image, a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil, and the adjustment of the observer's eyes is focused on the intersection of the light beams. Let L be the distance between the ray intersection point between the light rays and the observer's pupil position, and let l be the distance between the light source position where the diameter of the light ray is the minimum and the observer's pupil position. When the number is n, an input step of inputting information on the distance L and the distance 1; a comparing step of comparing the distance L with the distance l;
An adjusting step of adjusting the beam diameter φ incident on the pupil of the observer according to the comparison result, and a number n according to the information of the distance L and the distance l
Is adjusted.

[0043]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, a technical field to which a stereoscopic image display device (stereoscopic display device) of the present invention can be applied will be described.

The three-dimensional image display device of the present invention can be applied to a three-dimensional display device of a type in which the depth of a three-dimensional image is represented by the intersection of a plurality of light rays incident on a single eye of an observer. First, the principle of stereoscopic vision for this type of stereoscopic display device will be described.

Many conventional stereoscopic display devices express stereoscopic images using binocular parallax. This is because when a human observes a three-dimensional object with both eyes, there is a parallax between the retinal image of the right eye and the retinal image of the left eye. The principle is that stereoscopic recognition becomes possible if two images having the following are independently presented to the left and right eyes.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the three-dimensional recognition. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the depth of a point 1 on a solid (object) 2 is recognized using binocular parallax. Reference numeral 3 denotes an image display surface, on which a solid 2 is displayed. When the point 1R is displayed on the image display surface 3 and is presented only to the right eye ER, and the point 1L is displayed on the image display surface 3 and is presented only to the left eye EL, the convergence of the eye becomes point 1 And the human visual recognition system uses a straight line connecting the point 1R and the right eye ER, and a point 1L and the left eye EL
Can be three-dimensionally recognized at the intersection of the straight lines connecting.

However, at this time, the adjustment of the lens of the eye is point 1
However, there is a divergence between accommodation and convergence of the eye. It is said that if this deviation is large, an unreasonable load is imposed on the visual recognition system, which may cause fatigue and discomfort.

On the other hand, various types of stereoscopic display devices of the type in which parallax is generated within a single eye as shown in the prior art have appeared.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the three-dimensional recognition. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the depth of the point 1 on the three-dimensional object 2 similar to that of FIG. 1 is recognized using the parallax in the monocular 5.

Reference numeral 3 'does not need to be an image display surface, and can be considered as a light beam focal plane where light beams representing a three-dimensional object are the thinnest. (Because the diameter of the light beam is the smallest at the light beam focal plane, and the light seems to diverge therefrom, the light beam cross section at the focal position is referred to as a “light source” here.) In order to generate parallax, it is necessary for a plurality of light rays to independently enter different positions of the crystalline lens 4 of the eye at different angles as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 2, the position 4L of the pupil (lens) 4 of the eye,
Light rays incident on the two positions of 4R are separated from each other and intersect at point 1.

In such a situation, the human visual recognition system recognizes the intersection 1 of the two light beams as the divergence point of the light beam, adjusts the lens 4 so that the eye is in focus on the point 1, and adjusts the lens 4 to the fundus. There is a possibility of forming the image point 1E.

However, the human visual recognition system does not always recognize the intersection 1 of the light beam as the divergence point of the light beam. Even in the same situation, there is a possibility that the light beam focal plane 3 'is focused as shown in FIG. 3 and two independent image points 3EL and 3ER are formed on the fundus. (Here, for convenience, the state of FIG. 2 is referred to as an intersection focus state, and the state of FIG. 3 is referred to as a light source focus state.) In a stereoscopic display device of a type in which parallax is generated within a single eye, the intersection focus state is more than the light source focus state. It is desirable that this occurs preferentially, but the conditions required for that have not been clarified so far.

In the present invention, the state of the fundus image in each of the focus state of the intersection and the focus state of the light source is obtained by geometrical optics analysis, and a condition under which the eye easily focuses on the light ray intersection side is derived. A three-dimensional display device is provided in which each element is set so that a favorable three-dimensional image can be observed.

Next, how to determine the above conditions in the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a geometric optical model simulating a state of a single eye observing a reproduced image of a stereoscopic display device of a type that generates parallax within a single eye.

FIG. 4 shows the monocular lens 4 as a lens. Hereinafter, the “crystal lens 4” is also referred to as a “lens 4” or a “monocular”.

In the illustrated example, three parallaxes occur within a single eye. It is assumed that the eye lens 4 and the fundus are separated by a distance s ′, and that the eye is focused on a position conjugate with the fundus, which is separated from the eye lens 4 (the crystalline lens) by a distance s.

When three parallaxes occur in a single eye,
Light emitted from the three light sources enters different positions of the eye lens 4 and reaches the fundus. The light source image at this time is blurred. Further, if the distance between the three light beams is sufficiently small, the three light source images are regarded as one connected image and recognized as one blurred image. The overall amount of blur is determined by the amount of blur of each light source image and the amount of separation between light source images.

Therefore, the amount of blur of the light source image and the amount of separation between the light source images are obtained, and the overall amount of blur is obtained.

When the distance s of the focus position of the eye is changed, the overall blur amount also changes, but the value of the distance s at which the overall blur amount is minimum has a very important meaning.
This is because if there is a distance s at which the overall blur amount becomes minimum, it is considered that accommodation of the lens of the eye is guided to that position.

If a condition can be derived such that the value of the distance s always coincides with the position of the ray intersection, a stereoscopic display device effective for reducing the load on the visual recognition system can be constructed.

Whether a plurality of light source images formed on the fundus are recognized as one unit depends on the blur amount of each light source image and the number of light rays incident on a single eye (the number of parallaxes within a single eye). I do. Therefore, the number of rays to be incident on a single eye (the necessary number of intraocular parallaxes) can be obtained from the condition in which the light source images are connected and recognized.

First, it is determined from the total blur amount at the fundus. FIG. 5 is a geometric optical model for deriving the blur amount of the light source image.

The parameters used in the calculation are as follows.

S: distance from eye lens to focus position of eye s ': distance from eye lens to fundus l: distance from eye lens to light source l': distance from eye lens to position conjugate to light source position Δ : The size of the light source φ: The diameter of the light beam incident on the eye lens h: The maximum angle of view from the light source The distance between the principal rays δ: The diameter of the confusion circle of the edge of the light source image When the above parameters are used, the light source image The blur amount σ = h + δ is obtained.

[0066]

[Equation 17]

From the paraxial relationship

[0068]

(Equation 18)

Therefore, l 'is deleted from the above equation, and

[0070]

[Equation 19]

[0071]

(Equation 20)

Therefore,

[0073]

(Equation 21)

Next, the separation amount of the light source image is obtained. FIG. 6 is a geometrical optical model for deriving the blur amount of the light source image. The parameters used for the calculation are as follows.

L: distance from the eye lens to the ray intersection point L ': distance from the eye lens to a position conjugate to the ray intersection point D: interval between light sources (parallax) D': distance between light rays at the eye focus position Interval d: Interval between light rays incident on the eye lens d ': Separation amount of the image center at the fundus oculi, where d' is the separation amount between images by the two most distant light rays among the plurality of light rays incident on the eye. I do.

[0076]

(Equation 22)

FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the parameters for the case of three parallaxes shown in FIG.

To summarize the above,

[0079]

(Equation 23)

Is obtained.

From the above equation, the overall blur amount Σ _{s = L} when the eye is in focus on the stereoscopic image is

[0082]

(Equation 24)

The total amount of blur に_{s = l} when the eye is focused on the light source is

[0084]

(Equation 25)

It can be seen that

The above equation (1) is developed by dividing the case according to the magnitude relation of s, l, and L, and the change of the blur amount に 対 す る with respect to the change of s is graphed as follows.

[When l> L]

[0088]

(Equation 26)

FIG. 8 shows a graph in which Σ is plotted on the vertical axis and s is plotted on the horizontal axis based on the above equation. The graph shows that when d> φ, s = L and ｓ has the minimum value, and when d <φ, s = l and ｓ has the minimum value.

It is considered that the visual recognition system adjusts the crystalline lens so as to minimize the spread of the image on the fundus, so that l> L
In the case of (1), if the condition of d> φ is satisfied, the observer's adjustment can be easily adjusted to the ray intersection. This is because ｓ becomes smaller at s = L. [When l <L] When Σ is obtained in the same manner as when l> L,

[0091]

[Equation 27]

FIG. 9 shows a graph in which Σ is plotted on the vertical axis and s is plotted on the horizontal axis based on the above equation. From the graph, it can be seen that when d> φ, ｓ takes the minimum value at s = 1, and when d <φ, s = L and Σ takes the minimum value. Since it is considered that the visual recognition system adjusts the crystalline lens 4 to minimize the spread of the image at the fundus, if l <L, if the condition of d <φ is satisfied, the adjustment of the observer matches the ray intersection. It will be easier. s = L
This is because Σ becomes smaller.

Next, the condition of the number n of light rays incident on the pupil is determined. FIG. 10 also shows an image at the fundus. As can be seen from the figure, when an image with n rays is formed within the maximum separation amount d ′ of the image, the distance ε between the images is

[0094]

[Equation 28]

Is represented by ε is the eye resolution ρ (unit is r
If the value is less than ad), all the images appear to be connected, so that an image formed by a plurality of light rays is recognized as one blur, and a three-dimensional image reproduction by the light ray reproduction method is easily established. Therefore, ε / s'
When the condition of n that satisfies <ρ is obtained,

[0096]

(Equation 29)

Substituting d 'and σ and solving for n-1 gives

[0098]

[Equation 30]

When the above equation is verified in the range of L <s <l or l <s <L, the right side numerator is s = L and minimum (= 0) s = l and the right side denominator is s = L and maximum s = l Therefore, in the above range, the right side has the maximum value when s = 1. (There is an infinite range of s, but it is considered practical to consider only the above range.) Therefore, n is satisfied because the retinal image is recognized as one blur within the entire range of the above verification. The condition that should be

[0100]

(Equation 31)

Is obtained.

When an actual stereoscopic image display device is constructed, the parallax information in the vertical direction is removed for reasons such as a reduction in the amount of information and a problem in the device configuration, and a stereoscopic image is reproduced only by the parallax in the horizontal direction. I often do it.

In this case, in order to secure the observation area in the vertical direction, the light beam incident on the pupil is a light beam that spreads in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. Is desirable.

The above conditional expression is obtained on the assumption that the light beam cross section at the pupil position is rotationally symmetric as shown in FIG. 11, but when the light beam cross section is oblong as shown in FIG. the minimum diameter delta of the light source = light, the horizontal width phi _h of each beam, if the conditional expression is replaced by the horizontal minimum diameter delta _h of the light beam, as well as focus of the eye to fit easily condition the ray intersection side Can be derived.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart of the image display method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the order of adjusting the number n of the light beams and adjusting the diameter φ of the light beams and the distance d between the light beams may be any order. The step of inputting the information of the distance L and the distance 1 and the step of comparing the magnitudes of the distance L and the distance 1 may be performed before the above two steps.

Next, a configuration example of an embodiment of the stereoscopic display device of the present invention to which the above conditions are applied will be described.

(Structural Example 1) In the multi-view stereoscopic display using the focused light source array (FLA) shown in the conventional example, FIG.
As shown in (a), a light source such as a semiconductor laser (Light)
3D image can be represented by the intersection of the beams obtained by shaping the light from the (Source) into a thin light beam by an optical system (Beam Shaping Optics).

FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 are views for explaining a three-dimensional image reproduction according to the configuration example of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a plan view of the entire configuration at a certain time t. Reference numeral 20 in the figure denotes a focused light source array (FLA), the details of which are as described in the description of FIG. It is possible to arbitrarily select from which of the light source arrays the light rays are generated. The focus of the light beam emitted from the light source array is shown in FIG.
An image is formed at a position 22. At this time, a focused light source array (FLA)
20 is controlled so that only Ray1 in the figure is generated. At this time, Ray1 is incident on the right eye of the observer, and the horizontal width of the incident light beam at the pupil position corresponds to the diameter φ in each of the above equations. The minimum diameter of Ray1 from the time when the light is emitted from the scanning optical system 21 to the time when the light enters the eyes of the observer is equivalent to the size Δ of the light source in each of the above equations.

FIG. 20 is a plan view of the entire structure after a short time δt has elapsed from time t. The position of the focal point of the ray is position 22
To the position 22 '.

Further, from the focused light source array (FLA) 20, it is controlled so that only Ray2 in the figure is generated. The minute time δt is within the allowable time of the afterimage for the observer,
The state of FIG. 19 and the state of FIG. 20 are recognized as if they occurred simultaneously.

Therefore, the ray Ra generated in the two states
The right eye observes that the intersection of the light rays is formed at the position 1 in the drawing for y1 and Ray2. If the same operation is performed on the left eye side, the intersection of such light rays can be observed by the left eye. If the focusing light source array (FLA) is driven in parallel to generate a plurality of intersections of these light beams, a three-dimensional image can be reproduced.

FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the beam and the observer's pupil at this time. The beam converged as a result of the beam shaping optics has a minimum diameter at the focal point, becomes divergent light, and enters the pupil 4 of the observer. The pupil diameter d _p of the observer is determined by the iris 6 of the eye.

When a plurality of light beams enter the pupil 4, the interval d between the most separated light beams is substantially equal to the pupil diameter d _p .
The condition for minimizing the overall blur amount of the retinal image is substantially determined by the relationship between the pupil diameter d _p and the incident light diameter φ.

That is, when the distance L from the eye to the ray intersection and the distance l from the eye to the light source position are different, if l> L, then d _p > φ ‥‥‥ (3) l <L When d _p <φφ (4), the condition to be satisfied is satisfied.

In this configuration example, the incident light diameter φ is equal to the beam shape.
N. ng Optics A. Depends on.

Since φ = 2l * (NA of the beam), the condition for minimizing the overall blur amount of the retinal image is

[0118]

(Equation 32)

Is obtained.

Further, when the condition of the number n of rays to be incident on the pupil is obtained, the following equation is obtained.

[0121]

[Equation 33]

Is obtained.

Therefore, in this configuration example, the beam N.D. that satisfies the expression (5) or (6) is satisfied. Beam that generates A
A configuration is used in which the number of rays that satisfies the expression (7) is incident on the pupil using Shaping Optics.

For example, 1 = 600 mm, L = 300 m
m, d _p = 4 mm, Δ = 0.5 mm, and the eye resolution ρ is 1 ′ (= 2.9 * 10 ⁻⁴ rad). A. <0.003n> 6.9, the beam N.D. A. Generates a beam of 0.003 or less, and makes seven or more beams incident on the pupil (pupil diameter 4 mm) of the observer.

From the above conditional expression, it can be seen that the condition for minimizing the overall blur amount of the retinal image changes depending on the magnitude relationship between the distance 1 and the distance L. Therefore, to obtain information of the distance l information and distance L on the basis of the means and the information that the magnitude comparison having a means for varying the beam diameter φ when entering the pupil, in the case of l> L d _p > Φ L> l, by performing control such that d _p <φ, even a single device can cope with image reproduction in which the distance L to the stereoscopic image changes greatly. is there. For example, in the case of the present configuration example, the beam diameter φ when entering the pupil is N.D. of the beam. A. And the beam N.D. A. Determines the Beam Shaping Opt
ics, Beam Shaping as shown in FIG.
Optics is the zoom optical system 7, and the control unit 8 changes the focal length of the zoom optical system 7 based on the information of the distance 1 and the information from the information detection unit 9 of the distance L.

The N.V. A. To change
The effective diameter of the beam shaping optics may be changed, and the control means 8 may change the aperture of the beam shaping optics based on the above information.

(Structural Example 2) In the stereoscopic display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-368961, a stereoscopic display of "super multi-view area" similar to the conventional example is realized by using liquid crystal shutter glasses.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the present invention. In the figure, 100 is stereoscopic observation glasses as image separation means,
Reference numeral 200 denotes a monitor as a display unit for switching and displaying the parallax images at high speed, and 300 denotes a controller for controlling the switching of the parallax images and the slit opening of the stereoscopic glasses 100, and also has an interface function with a video source.

The controller 300 is a monitor driving circuit 3
01, a glasses driving circuit 302 for slitting the stereoscopic observation glasses 100, a synchronization circuit 303 for synchronizing parallax image information displayed on the monitor 200 and slit formation of the stereoscopic glasses.
have.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an essential part of the stereoscopic observation glasses. In the figure, 101L and 101R are observation frames as observation means that can be observed by an observer through the opening, and 102L and 10R.
Reference numerals 2R, 103L, and 103R denote light blocking portions in the observation frame 101 that block light, 104R and 104L denote slits through which light can pass, and TS denotes the width of the slit 104.

The slit 104 is scanned at high speed in the horizontal direction, and a parallax image corresponding to the position of the slit is displayed on the monitor 200 in synchronization.

Assuming that the width TS of the slit 104 is sufficiently smaller than the pupil of the observer, a parallax image having a viewpoint interval smaller than that of the pupil of the observer will be presented. appear. That is, the configuration of the present invention enables stereoscopic viewing of the “super multi-view area”.

FIGS. 21 and 22 are explanatory views of a three-dimensional image reproduction according to the configuration example of the present invention. FIG. 21 is an overall configuration plan view at a certain time t. In FIG. 21, luminance is given to the pixels 10 on the image display surface of the monitor 200 that switches and displays the parallax images, and light is emitted from the pixels. The horizontal width of the pixel at this time corresponds to the size Δ of the light source in each of the above equations. The observer is glasses 1 for observing a stereoscopic image.
Observe these lights through 00. At the time t, the width T in the region corresponding to the right eye of the stereoscopic glasses 100
An S slit 104R is formed, and only the light beam passing through the slit 104R enters the right eye of the observer. At this time, the horizontal width of the light beam incident on the pupil corresponds to the diameter φ of the light beam in each of the above equations.

FIG. 22 is a plan view of the entire structure after a short time δt has elapsed from time t. The slit 104R changes the position, and accordingly, the pixel 10R on the image display surface of the monitor 200 is changed.
Also changes. For the observer, the minute time δt is within the allowable time of the afterimage, and the state of FIG. 21 and the state of FIG. 22 are recognized as if they occur simultaneously. Therefore, the rays generated in the two states are observed with the right eye while the intersection of the rays is formed at the position 1 in the figure. If the same operation is performed on the left eye side, the intersection of such light rays can be observed by the left eye. Monitor 2
By giving luminance to more pixels in 00 and controlling to generate a plurality of intersections of these light rays, it becomes possible to reproduce a three-dimensional image as a set of intersections of light rays.

However, in the above-mentioned invention, it is not possible to provide a basis value for the width TS of the slit 104 or the number of parallaxes n to be presented to a single eye, and it is possible to configure an apparatus in which the “monocular parallax effect” is likely to occur. Can not.

When the present invention is applied to the above invention, the value of the width TS of the slit 104 and the value of the number n of parallax images to be presented to a single eye can be set so that the “monocular parallax effect” easily occurs.

Assuming that the pupil diameter of the observer is d _p , the slit width TS is equal to the diameter of the incident light beam φ. _{d p> TS ‥‥‥ (8)} l <d p <TS ‥‥‥ when L (9) is a condition to minimize the overall amount of blurring retinal image when the case analysis to l> L .

On the other hand, the condition of the number n of rays to be incident on the pupil is directly given by the equation (7).

From these conditional expressions, a configuration in which the “monocular parallax effect” is effective can be obtained. For example, l = 60
0 mm, L = 300 mm, d _p = 4 mm, Δ = 0.5 m
m and the resolution ρ of the eye is 1 ′ (= 2.9 * 10 ⁻⁴ rad), then TS <4 n> 6.9, so that in this configuration example, the slit width is set to 4 mm or less, and the observer's monocular ( The configuration is such that a parallax image with seven or more parallaxes is presented at a pupil diameter of 4 mm).

Also in this configuration example, it is effective to change the beam diameter φ according to the magnitude relationship between the distance 1 and the distance L in order to satisfy the condition for minimizing the overall blur amount of the retinal image. .

For example, in the case of this configuration example, the beam diameter φ when entering the pupil depends on the slit width TS, and φ = TS
Therefore, the information of the distance 1 and the distance L in FIG.
Is configured such that the eyeglass driving means 302 changes the slit width TS of the stereoscopic observation glasses 100 based on the information from the information detection means (not shown), image reproduction such that the distance L from the eye to the stereoscopic image greatly changes. However, it is possible to cope with one device.

[0142]

According to the present invention, a stereoscopic image display apparatus and a stereoscopic image display apparatus capable of satisfactorily observing a stereoscopic image without fatigue when observing a stereoscopic image using super multi-view stereoscopic display. An image display method can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of stereoscopic recognition according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the principle of stereoscopic recognition according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the principle of stereoscopic recognition according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a reproduced image of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of blurring of a light source image in super-multiview stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of blurring of a light source image in super multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of blurring of a light source image in super multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a blur amount and a distance S in super-multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between a blur amount and a distance S in super-multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a fundus in a super multi-view stereoscopic view according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram at a pupil position in super-multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram at a pupil position in super-multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a pupil and a light source position in super-multi-view stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 shows Beam S in super-multiview stereoscopic vision according to the present invention.
Illustration of haping Optics

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a super multi-view stereoscopic view according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a main part when the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention is applied to glasses.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a main part of a conventional stereoscopic image display device.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a main part of a conventional stereoscopic image display device.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating reproduction of a three-dimensional image in the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of reproduction of a three-dimensional image in the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of reproducing a three-dimensional image in the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of reproduction of a three-dimensional image in the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart of a stereoscopic image display method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 object point 2 object 3 image display surface 4 pupil 5 monocular 20 focused light source array (FLA) 21 scanning optical system 100 stereoscopic image observation glasses 200 monitor 104 slit aperture

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 13, 2000 (2000.10.
13)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Figure 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 2

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Figure 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 3

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Osaka 6-145 Hanasaki-cho, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture M-R System Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2H059 AA35 5C061 AA01 AA06 AA21 AA23 AB14 AB18 5G435 AA01 BB01 CC11 GG26

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A stereoscopic image display device that causes a plurality of light beams to enter a pupil of an observer and focuses adjustment of an eye of the observer at an intersection of the light beams. N, the distance between the most distant rays among the plurality of rays on the pupil plane is d, the ray diameter of the ray when entering the pupil is φ, and the diameter of the ray from the observer's pupil is the smallest. When the distance to a certain position is l, the distance from the observer's pupil to the intersection of the light rays is L, the minimum diameter of the light ray at the distance l is Δ, and the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eye is l, >
In the case of L, If L> l, A stereoscopic image display device characterized by satisfying the following. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light beams are incident on an observer's pupil.
Focus the adjustment of the observer's eye at the intersection of the light beams.
In the three-dimensional image display device, the light beam has a diffusion characteristic only in the vertical direction, or
The cross section of the light beam at the position of the pupil of the observer is short in the horizontal direction.
In a state in which the shape is long in the vertical direction, the number of light rays incident on the pupil is n,
The horizontal distance between the most distant rays is d,
The horizontal width when entering the pupil is φ_hFrom the observer's eyes
The distance to the position where the horizontal width of the light beam is minimum is l,
Let L be the distance from the observer's pupil to the intersection of the rays.
The minimum horizontal width of the ray at a distance l is Δ _hThe observer's eye
When the angle resolution ρ is given by l> L,In the case of L> l,A stereoscopic image display device characterized by satisfying the following. 3. A means for acquiring information on a distance 1 from the observer's pupil to a position where the diameter of the light beam is minimized and information on a distance L from the observer's pupil to an intersection position between the light beams. A means for changing the diameter φ of the light beam when it enters the pupil based on two types of information; d> φ if l> L, and control so that d <φ if L> l The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein: 4. A means for acquiring information of a distance 1 from the observer's pupil to a position where the horizontal width of the light beam becomes minimum and information of a distance L from the observer's pupil to a position of intersection of the light beams. has a means for changing the horizontal width phi _h when entering the pupil of the light beam based on the two kinds of information, l> L
3. The stereoscopic image display device according to claim 2, wherein d> φ _{h in} the case of L> l and d <φ _{h in} the case of L> l. 5. A three-dimensional image display device in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil and focus adjustment of the observer's eye is made at the intersection of the light beams. N, the pupil diameter of the observer d _P ,
Φ is the beam diameter of the light ray when it enters the pupil, l is the distance from the observer's pupil to the position where the diameter of the light ray is the minimum, and l is the distance from the observer's pupil to the intersection point of the light rays. L, the minimum diameter of the light ray at a distance l is Δ, the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eye
In the case of l> L, In the case of L> l, A stereoscopic image display device characterized by satisfying the following. 6. A three-dimensional image display device in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil and focus adjustment of an observer's eye is made at an intersection of the light beams. Or the cross section of the light beam at the pupil position of the observer has a shape that is short in the horizontal direction and long in the vertical direction, and the number of light beams incident on the pupil is n, The pupil diameter of d _P ,
Φ _h is the horizontal width when entering the pupil of the light ray, l is the distance from the observer's pupil to the position where the horizontal width of the light ray is the minimum, and from the observer's pupil to the intersection point of the light rays. when the distance L, the distance l the minimum horizontal width of the light line Δ in _h, the angular resolution ρ of the observer's eye, l> Equation 7] for L In the case of L> l, A stereoscopic image display device characterized by satisfying the following. 7. A means for acquiring information on a distance l from the observer's pupil to a position where the diameter of the light beam is minimized and information on a distance L from the observer's pupil to an intersection point of the light beams. and means for varying the diameter phi when entering the pupil of the optical line based on two types of information, l> for L controlled to be d _P <phi for d _P> φ L> l The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 5, wherein: 8. A means for acquiring information on a distance 1 from the observer's pupil to a position where the horizontal width of the light beam is minimum, and information on a distance L from the observer's pupil to an intersection point of the light beams. has a means for changing the horizontal width phi _h when entering the pupil of the light beam based on the two kinds of information, l> L
D _P> φ _h L> l stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the controller controls so as to be d _P <φ _h in the case of the case of. 9. A stereoscopic image display method in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil, and adjustment of an eye of the observer is focused on an intersection of the light beams to observe a stereoscopic image.
When the distance between the ray intersection point of a plurality of light rays incident on the pupil and the pupil position of the observer is L, and the distance between the light source position where the diameter of the light ray is minimum and the pupil position of the observer is l An input step of inputting information on the distance L and the distance l; a comparing step of comparing the distance L with the distance l; and an adjusting step of adjusting a beam diameter φ incident on the pupil of the observer according to the comparison result. A stereoscopic image display method comprising: 10. A stereoscopic image display method in which a plurality of light beams are made incident on an observer's pupil, an eye of an observer is adjusted at an intersection of the light beams, and a stereoscopic image is observed. Let L be the distance between the ray intersection point of the plurality of rays incident on the pupil and the pupil position of the observer, and l be the distance between the light source position where the diameter of the light beam is minimum and the pupil position of the observer. Where n is the number of light rays incident on the light source, an input step of inputting information of the distance L and the distance l, a comparing step of comparing the distance L and the distance l, and a pupil of the observer according to the comparison result. An adjusting step of adjusting the diameter φ of the light beam incident on the light source and a number n according to the information of the distance L and the distance l.
A three-dimensional image display method, comprising: