JP2001261474A - Method for decreasing malodor in composting process - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for decreasing malodors in a composting process which is capable of more effectively decreasing the malodors produced in the process of composting organic wastes, such as garbage, more particularly the amount of the ammonia smells to be produced. SOLUTION: The organic wastes are subjected to a composting treatment while the amount of the ammonia to be produced is decreased by inoculating the organic wastes with Bacillus licheniformis DO-1 (the bacterium entrusted to the Life Engineering Research Institute of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry Reception Number FERM P-17779).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for reducing malodor which can reduce malodor generated in composting organic waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Organic waste such as kitchen garbage discharged from homes can be recycled by composting it and returning it to the soil, but the method of composting is far from widespread until now. One of the causes is a large generation of ammonia in the composting process.

[0003] Therefore, research has been actively conducted on how to efficiently remove the malodor (ammonia odor) generated in the composting process, and the collection of the malodor and the physical, chemical, and biological Various studies have been performed up to the scientific processing, and the effects are gradually increasing.

On the other hand, as a countermeasure against odor in the composting process, there is a method for efficiently processing and reducing the generated odor. In other words, since composting is a process of decomposing organic substances by microorganisms, the amount of ammonia generated in the composting process is considered to be affected by the type of microorganisms responsible for decomposition of organic substances, and as a result, special microorganisms are converted into organic waste. By inoculating and composting, a large number of inoculum that reduced the generation of offensive odors became available on the market.

[0005]

However, whether or not malodor can be reduced by using the above-mentioned commercially available inoculum is hardly quantitatively elucidated at present. There was a problem that a reduction effect could not be obtained.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem of the present invention is that the odor generated in the process of composting organic waste such as garbage,
In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing an odor in a composting process, which makes it possible to more effectively reduce the generation amount of ammonia odor.

[0007]

Means taken by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems are as follows.

(1) In composting organic waste, Bacillus licheniformis DO-1 isolated from soil as organic waste (contracted by Bacteria Deposited by Biotechnology Industrial Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry) No. FERM
P-17779) to reduce the amount of ammonia generated during the composting process. (Claim 1)

(2) The organic waste to be composted is garbage such as kitchen waste discharged from homes.
(Claim 2)

[0010] That is, Bacillus licheniformis DO-1 (deposited by Bacteria Deposited by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)
7779) (hereinafter simply referred to as thermophilic bacterium DO1 strain)
It has been isolated from soil by the inventors and has the bacteriological properties described below. This is inoculated into organic waste such as garbage discharged from homes and composted. By doing so, the amount of ammonia generated during the composting process was reduced, and the generation of odor was successfully suppressed.

Bacteriological properties Morphological properties (1) Vegetative cells cultured on a standard agar medium at 50 ° C.
(2) Gram staining; Positive (3) Spores are quasi-oval and have no swelling due to spores (4) Movement by periflagellate

B. Cultural properties (1) Growing on standard agar medium at 30 ° C (2) Colony morphology is round, whole edge smooth, convex, glossy, creamy (3) Surface culture in broth liquid culture (4) Litmus milk No change

C. Physiological properties (1) catalase; positive (2) oxidase; positive (3) O / F test; negative (4) glycerose; positive (5) erythritol; negative (6) D-arabinose; negative (7) L-arabinose Positive (8) ribose; positive (9) D-xylose; positive (10) L-xylose; negative (11) adonitol; negative (12) β-methyl-D-xylose; negative (13) galactose; (15) Fructose; Positive (16) Mannose; Positive (17) Sorbose; Negative (18) Rhamnose; Negative (19) Dulcitose; Negative (20) Inositol; Positive (21) Mannitol; Positive (22) Sorbitol Positive (23) α-methyl-D-mannose; negative (24) α-methyl-D-glucose; (25) N-acetylglucosamine; Positive (26) Amygdalin; Positive (27) Arbutin; Positive (28) Esculin; Positive (29) Salicin; Positive (30) Cellobiose; Positive (31) Maltose; Positive (32) Lactose Positive (33) melibiose; negative (34) sucrose; positive (35) trehalose; positive (36) inulin; negative (37) meletothis; negative (38) raffinose; negative (39) starch; negative (40) glycogen; (41) xylitol; negative (42) gentiobiose; positive (43) D-turanose; positive (44) D-lyxose; negative (45) D-tagatose; positive (46) D-fucose; negative (47) L-fucose Negative (48) D-arabitol; negative (49) L-arabitol; negative (5 0) gluconate; negative (51) 2-ketogluconic acid; negative (52) 5-ketogluconic acid; negative (53) β-galactosidase (ONPG); positive (54) arginine dihydrolase; positive (55) lysine decarboxylase; (56) ornithine decarboxylase; negative (57) citric acid availability; negative (58) H2S production; negative (59) urease; negative (60) tribubutane deaminase; negative (61) indole production; negative (62) Acetoin production (VP); Positive (63) Gelatinase; Negative (64) Nitrate reduction; Positive (65) Denitrification reaction; Positive (66) MR test; Positive (67) Use of citric acid Koser; Negative Christensen; Negative (68) ) Utilization of inorganic nitrogen source NaNO3; negative (NH4) 2SO4; negative 69) Range of growth Temperature (° C) 5; Negative 10; Negative 30; Positive 40; Positive 50; Positive 55; Positive 65; Negative NaCl (%) 2; Positive 5; Positive 7; Positive 10; 57; Positive (70) Anaerobic growth; Positive (71) Gas production from glucose; Negative (72) Levan production from sucrose; Positive (73) Hydrolysis (74) Esculin; Positive (75) Casein; Positive (76 ) Starch; Positive (77) Yolk lecithinase; Negative (78) Degradation of hippuric acid; Negative (79) Degradation of tyrosine; Negative (80) Requirement NaCl; Negative KCl;

[0014] From the above physiological properties, the thermophilic bacterium DO1 strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis, and was named "Bacillus licheniformis DO-1".

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a method for reducing offensive odor in a composting process according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a mini-reactor for collecting ammonia and carbon dioxide gas generated from compost. Is a schematic diagram of
In the figure, 1 is a flow meter, 2 is a CO2 trap, 3 is a bubbler, and 4 is a reactor made of heat-resistant cylindrical glass, 5 and 6 are stoppers made of silicone rubber, CP Is a compost raw material filled in the reactor 4, 8 is a Tedlar bag for collecting exhaust gas from the reactor 4, 9 is a thermostat, and the concentration of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the exhaust gas collected in the Tedlar bag 8. Is determined using a Kitagawa gas detector (not shown).

Compost raw material CP stored in the reactor 4
As a method, sawdust and inoculum, which are breathability improvers, are mixed at a ratio of 10: 9: 1 by dry weight to a dog food capable of obtaining data with uniform properties and reproducibility, and γ What was sterilized by wire was used.

A commercially available inoculum A is added to the compost material CP.
(Agricultural microbial material) was added and an experiment was performed in which the inventors inoculated a thermophilic bacterium DO1 strain isolated from soil to compare the amounts of ammonia generated. The initial pH of the compost material CP is adjusted to about 8.0, the water content is adjusted to about 55%, and the volume is adjusted to about 10%.
This compost raw material CP was charged into a 5 ml reactor 4 and composted.

The aeration rate is set to about 4.6 ml / min, which is recognized to be sufficient to maintain aerobic conditions during the composting period, and the temperature is kept constant at 50 ° C. for composting. The duration was 8 days, ie 192 hours.

Further, the volume of the collected exhaust gas is measured by using an integrating flow meter, and the volume of the collected exhaust gas is combined with the measured value of the concentration of carbon dioxide gas to obtain 1 volume.
Along with calculating the amount of carbon dioxide generated every two hours, the ratio of the carbon content contained in the dog food of the compost raw material CP to the carbon change rate corresponding to the degree of decomposition of the organic matter was determined, and ammonia was converted to ammonia. The amount of generation and the rate of nitrogen change were determined in the same manner.

Next, the experimental results using the above-mentioned mini-reactor will be described. FIG. 2 shows the above-mentioned inoculum and thermophilic bacterium DO1.
The graph shows the time-dependent changes in the carbon change rate and the nitrogen change rate in each composting when the strain was inoculated. When the thermophilic bacterium DO1 strain was inoculated, the carbon change rate was in the first half of the composting. Although the rise of the curve was slightly slower, the slope decreased thereafter, and the final carbon change rate was almost equal to that of the inoculum A.

On the other hand, the nitrogen change rate of the compost material CP inoculated with the thermophilic bacterium DO1 has a slower rise of the curve, and finally the change rate of the inoculum A is about 40%.
It was about a value.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the rate of carbon change and the rate of nitrogen change in composting inoculated with the thermophilic bacterium DO1 and the inoculum A. The thermophilic bacterium DO1 and the inoculum A were compared. Then, it was found that the difference in the nitrogen change rate became large in the latter half of the composting, and that the nitrogen change rate was different when the inoculated microorganisms were different even when the carbon change rate was the same. That is,
The thermophilic bacterium DO isolated by the present inventors by this experiment
It was confirmed that inoculation of one strain to the compost material reduced the amount of ammonia generated even when organic matter was decomposed by the same amount.

[0023]

As described above, according to the method for reducing odor in the composting process according to the present invention, the amount of ammonia generated in the composting process can be reduced.
Composting of organic waste such as garbage discharged from homes can be promoted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a mini-reactor used for practical use of composting processing.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time-dependent changes in carbon change rate and nitrogen change rate in composting inoculated with inoculum A and thermophilic bacterium DO1 strain.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the carbon change rate and the nitrogen change rate in composting inoculated with inoculum A and the thermophilic bacterium DO1 strain.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05F 17/00 (C12N 1/20 F C12N 1/20 C12R 1:10) B01D 53/34 116A // ( C12N 1/20 B09B 3/00 D C12R 1:10) F-term (reference) 4B065 AA15X BA22 BB22 CA56 4D002 AA13 AB02 AC10 BA17 CA07 DA58 GA02 GB02 4D004 AA03 AC01 CA18 CB06 CC07 DA01 DA10 4H061 AA02 CC55 EE66 GG48H

Claims (2)

[Claims] When composting an organic waste, Bacillus licheniformis DO-1 isolated from soil into the organic waste (deposited by Bacteria Deposited by the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry) FERM P-1
7779) to reduce the amount of ammonia generated in the composting process, thereby reducing the offensive odor in the composting process. 2. The method for reducing odor in the composting process according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste to be composted is kitchen garbage discharged from households.