JP2001259413A - Decomposing method of hardly decomposable material and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a decomposing method and device for a hardly decomposable material, which is capable of uniformalizing the reaction form at the time of decomposing the hardly decomposable material such as gaseous fluorocarbon, organic compounds or other industrial waste and efficiently performing the decomposition reaction without heating a reactor to a high temperature by thermal energy to increase the corrosion resistance of the device. SOLUTION: The decomposing method and device of the hardly decomposable material for decomposing with one or the combination of 3 kinds of decomposition principles of oxidation decomposition, hydro-oxidation reaction and hydrolysis by passing oxygen, oxygen and water or water as a solvent with a material to be decomposed through the reactor in a prescribed reaction time is achieved by supplying oxygen, oxygen and water or water as the solvent with the material to be decomposed to the reactor 7 and emitting thermoelectrons from a cathode to an anode, which are arranged in the reactor 7 heated to a prescribed temperature, to excite the molecules or atoms of the material to be decomposed to inject activation energy.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for decomposing hardly decomposable substances such as environmental pollutants, and more particularly, to an industrial compound that pollutes the environment such as Freon gas, SF6, halon, organic compounds having a benzene nucleus. When reacting a substance to be decomposed such as a substance in an atmosphere of oxygen, oxygen and water or a water vapor as a solvent, thermal electrons are injected into the reaction apparatus to give activation energy, thereby performing decomposition processing. The present invention relates to a processing method and an apparatus for lowering the decomposition initiation temperature of a substance so as to decompose by oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, hydrolysis and a combination thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It has been pointed out that chlorofluorocarbon and halon gas used as a refrigerant and a spray agent are environmental pollutants, and chlorofluorocarbon gas is a substance that destroys the ozone layer. Therefore, detoxification of these substances has become a global concern from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment, and various countermeasures have been proposed. For example, as a method for treating CFCs, a hydrothermal reaction method, an incineration method, an explosion reaction decomposition method, a microbial decomposition method, an ultrasonic decomposition method, a plasma reaction method, and the like have been proposed.

[0003] Among these treatment methods, the hydrothermal reaction method is not limited to chlorofluorocarbon gas and the like, but is applicable to all decomposed substances mainly composed of industrial solvents such as organic solvents such as trichlene, waste oil, dioxin, PCB, and manure. On the other hand, it is attracting attention as a versatile processing method. In this hydrothermal reaction method, for example, fluorocarbon gas can be decomposed into a safe substance such as sodium chloride and carbon dioxide.

[0004] Regarding the apparatus for realizing the hydrothermal reaction method, a processing experiment using an autoclave in a laboratory, for example, a mixing ratio of caustic soda solution, ethanol and fluorocarbon solution, a set value of temperature, a set value of pressure and a reaction value Experiments have been conducted on the set time, but usually the hydrothermal reaction is 3
It is performed at a high temperature and high pressure condition of 100 to 250 (kg / cm ² ) at 00 to 450 ° C.

The applicant of the present application has previously filed Japanese Patent Application No. 11-27618.
According to No. 1, only oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent is supplied together with the substance to be decomposed and passed through a normal pressure reactor heated to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined reaction time. Oxidative degradation, hydrolytic degradation,
A proposal was made on a treatment method and apparatus for decomposing hardly decomposable substances based on any one of three decomposition principles of hydrolysis or a combination thereof. In this processing method, the vapor of the decomposition target material after the decomposition processing is liquefied by being cooled by a neutralization cooler and discharged.

Further, one or more showering towers for separating a liquid component in the vapor of the substance to be decomposed into the reactor, a neutralizing cooler for cooling the obtained liquid component, A circulation mechanism for spraying into the showering tower is provided.

[0007] According to the decomposition treatment method and apparatus, the hardly decomposable substances such as the fluorocarbon gas, the organic compound having a benzene nucleus, and other industrial wastes are supplied with oxygen, oxygen and water, or only water as a solvent. When passing through a reactor whose temperature only rises at normal pressure after a predetermined reaction time, it is hydrolyzed by the superheated steam of water as a solvent, oxidative decomposition by oxygen, water and oxygen The hardly decomposable substance is decomposed by any form of hydrolytic decomposition by the addition of water, and the vapor after decomposition is released as a detoxified gas, or liquefied and discharged.

[0008]

As described above, the decomposition means utilizing the hydrothermal reaction has to maintain high temperature and high pressure conditions in the reactor, so that the structures of the reactor and the pressure regulating valve are complicated. In addition, it is difficult to design to withstand mechanical strength, for example, tensile stress or thermal stress, and there is a problem that the material to be used is limited. In addition, the mechanism for pumping and discharging the solid-liquid mixture under high temperature and high pressure is complicated, and it is necessary to change the structure depending on the type of the substance to be decomposed. In some cases, the pipes may be damaged during operation due to the high pressure, and there is still a problem from the viewpoint of ensuring safety.

[0009] Also, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-27618 previously proposed.
According to No. 1, oxygen is supplied together with the substance to be decomposed, or only oxygen and water, or water as a solvent, and a predetermined reaction time is passed through a normal pressure reactor heated to a predetermined temperature. Oxidative degradation, hydrolytic degradation,
It is possible to decompose a hardly decomposable substance based on any one of three decomposition principles of hydrolysis or a combination thereof,
In addition, the vapor of the decomposition target material after the decomposition processing can be liquefied and discharged by cooling with a neutralization cooler. For example, when the decomposition is started at a setting of 99.9% or more, Due to the exothermic reaction, the temperature inside the reactor rises, and the temperature inside the reactor becomes 1200 ° C. or more depending on the amount and type of the substance to be decomposed such as chlorofluorocarbon.

In particular, when the temperature in the reactor rises to 1000 ° C. or higher, the corrosion resistance limit of the reactor is reached, and there is a problem that the apparatus is deteriorated. If a ceramic with high heat resistance is used as the material of the reactor, 1800
Although it can withstand strength up to about ° C, for example, even when silicon carbide (SiC) having corrosion resistance is used for hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), if hydrofluoric acid and oxygen are simultaneously present, SiC + 2O ₂ → SiO ₂ + CO ₂ There is a problem that the corrosion resistance is rapidly reduced as SiO ₂ + 4HF → SiF ₄ + 2H ₂ O. Alumina has high corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acid, but has low corrosion resistance to hydrofluoric acid. Using silicon carbide (SiC) having a thickness of 6 mm and alumina as a sample, under conditions where hydrofluoric acid and oxygen are simultaneously present, 1000 ° C.
As a result of the above corrosion resistance test, silicon carbide (Si
170 to 200 hours for C), 250 to 3 for alumina
The sample was observed to be damaged or corroded in 00 hours,
Even when other materials such as Hastelloy, Inconel and 310s stainless steel are used, if the temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., the corrosion rate rapidly increases near the transformation point, so that the reactor is practically required to be kept at 1000 ° C. or less.

In order to prevent the temperature in the reactor from rising,
Although it is necessary to reduce the throughput of the object to be decomposed or to provide a separate cooling device, there is a problem that the decomposition efficiency is reduced and the cost of the apparatus itself is increased.

Further, when chlorofluorocarbon is assumed as the substance to be decomposed, the decomposition starting temperature differs depending on the type of chlorofluorocarbon, and therefore, the set temperature for decomposition must be changed corresponding to each fluorocarbon. For example, recovered Freon whose type and ratio are unknown, R12 (CFC-12), R1
When decomposing 34, R134a, R410, R407, R404 and other mixed chlorofluorocarbons at the set temperature of R12 having the highest decomposition temperature, in the case where R134a is contained in chlorofluorocarbon, the inside of the reactor is decomposed. The temperature may exceed 1300 ° C., causing a problem that the life of the reactor itself is extremely reduced. It is necessary to determine the set temperature for decomposing these fluorocarbons after examining the type and ratio of fluorocarbons by gas analysis.

Further, in order to stably decompose the mixed chlorofluorocarbon in which various chlorofluorocarbons are arbitrarily mixed, it is important to lower the decomposition start temperature. Even if the calorific value in the reactor is high, the decomposition start temperature is low. , The temperature can be kept within the allowable temperature range. Even in the case where the temperature in the reactor slightly increases, simple cooling means such as opening the reactor lid or air cooling can sufficiently cope with the case, and the processing efficiency is not sacrificed without sacrificing the throughput of the material to be decomposed. Can be kept high.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-249161, a plasma confining nozzle having a through-hole through which a plasma gas flows into the outer periphery of an electrode and through which a plasma arc passes is disposed. Arrange the anode nozzle to pass the formed plasm jet,
There is disclosed a plasma arc decomposition method and an apparatus example of CFCs in which CFCs to be reacted are supplied from a swirl charging hole and CFCs are decomposed by contact between the CFCs and a plasma jet. However, since the reaction by plasma is a method in which the gas to be decomposed is brought into contact with the high temperature part after the plasma is generated, and then the gas is decomposed by heat and the gas required for the reaction is mixed, all the gases to be decomposed are mixed together. The reaction cannot be efficiently carried out by simultaneously contacting a plasma jet with a gas of the type described above.

The present invention solves the above problems in a system for decomposing hard-to-decompose substances such as chlorofluorocarbon, SF6, halon, organic compounds having a benzene nucleus, and other industrial wastes. The reaction form can be uniform and the decomposition reaction can be performed efficiently without heating the inside of the reactor to a high temperature by thermal energy to increase the corrosion resistance of the equipment, and toxic or explosive combustible gas during the reaction An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for decomposing a hardly decomposable substance which is not generated and does not cause clogging or corrosion of a pipe.

[0016]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent is supplied to a reactor together with an object to be decomposed and heated to a predetermined temperature. By emitting thermoelectrons from the cathode disposed in the reactor to the anode, the thermoelectrons together with the decomposition target are converted into oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water molecules or atoms as a solvent. The molecules and atoms are excited by collision to inject activation energy, and oxygen or water with oxygen or water as a solvent together with the substance to be decomposed is allowed to elapse for a predetermined reaction time in a reactor at normal pressure. Decomposition treatment method for decomposing a hardly decomposable substance based on any one of three decomposition principles of oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis or a combination thereof Providing an apparatus as a basic unit.

Further, by releasing thermoelectrons to oxygen, oxygen and water, or water as a solvent together with the substance to be decomposed, these thermoelectrons are combined with the substance to be decomposed to oxygen, or oxygen and water, or By activating the energy and exciting the molecules and atoms by colliding with water molecules and atoms as a solvent, the activation energy is injected and supplied to the reactor, and oxygen or water and oxygen or a solvent as the solvent together with the decomposition target material By passing water after passing a predetermined reaction time in a reactor at normal pressure, oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis of hardly decomposable substances based on any one of the three decomposition principles or a combination thereof. A structure for decomposing, and a structure for emitting thermoelectrons to one or a plurality of substances selected from an object to be decomposed, oxygen, oxygen and water, or water as a solvent are provided.

A method of using air instead of the above-mentioned oxygen. By supplying air from the middle of the reactor, the oxidation reaction is promoted by the oxygen in the supplied air, and the reactor is cooled by the nitrogen in the supplied air. How to cool the inside,
In addition, a method of liquefying and discharging the vapor of the decomposition target material after the decomposition treatment by cooling with a neutralization cooler is adopted.

Further, in the reactor, one or more showering towers for separating a liquid component in the vapor of the substance to be decomposed, a neutralization cooler for cooling the obtained liquid component, A circulation mechanism for spraying into the showering tower is provided.

According to the decomposition method and the decomposition apparatus, hardly decomposable substances such as CFCs, organic compounds having a benzene nucleus, and other industrial wastes are supplied by supplying oxygen, oxygen and water, or water as a solvent. When passing through the reactor at normal pressure after a predetermined reaction time has elapsed, the activation energy injection mechanism arranged in the reactor is driven to emit thermoelectrons from each cathode toward the anode while accelerating. Or by releasing thermoelectrons to oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent together with the substance to be decomposed before being supplied to the reactor, so that the thermoelectrons are emitted together with the substance to be decomposed. Excited by colliding with oxygen or molecules of water and oxygen or water as a solvent to excite the molecule, and the molecule or atom is ionized or dissociated to form a radical or ion. Energy is injected. Along with that, the decomposition reaction is efficiently performed without heating the inside of the reactor to high temperature by thermal energy, the reaction form can be uniform and the form that is hydrolyzed by the superheated steam of water as a solvent, The hardly decomposable substance is decomposed by any of oxidative decomposition and hydrolytic decomposition by adding water and oxygen. After that, the decomposed steam is released as a detoxified gas or is cooled and liquefied and discharged.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Specific embodiments of a method and apparatus for decomposing hardly decomposable substances according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is intended to decompose hardly decomposable substances such as environmental pollutants such as chlorofluorocarbon gas under normal pressure, and the subject hardly decomposed substances are organic compounds that are stable, but are not particularly limited. Any substance that can be gasified, such as organic solvents such as chlorofluorocarbon, trichlene, trichlene, waste oil, dioxin, and PCB, may be used, and the state thereof is not particularly limited, whether solid, liquid, or gas. In addition, organic compounds that are useful but difficult to treat after use or harmful, for example, chlorobenzene, freon (halogen carbon compound), and dioxin in question are mainly used.

The inventor of the present invention has conducted various improvement experiments, and as a result, thermal energy is injected by supplying only oxygen, oxygen and water, or water as a solvent together with a substance to be decomposed such as chlorofluorocarbon into the reactor. This makes it possible to decompose hardly decomposable substances on the basis of any one of the three decomposition principles of oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis, or a combination thereof, and to activate the substance to be decomposed by a method other than heating. It has been found that the reaction proceeds efficiently when the chemical energy is injected.

In general, activation energy must be injected in order to smoothly carry out a chemical reaction. It is common practice to increase the temperature of the reaction system by giving thermal energy as activation energy injection means, but the activation energy has a specific value depending on the chemical substance, and the temperature at which the reaction starts also increases. Varies by substance. Therefore, if activation energy is given to a substance by a method other than heating, the chemical reaction is considered to proceed smoothly if the free energy (ΔG) is (−).

In addition, during the reaction, the decomposed material in the superheated steam can be decomposed by maintaining the atmosphere of the superheated steam when water is added without maintaining the inside of the reactor at a high pressure. No toxic or flammable gas is generated. Air may simply be used instead of oxygen.

Either oxygen or air may be used. However, if air is used instead of oxygen, nitrogen, which is four times the required amount of oxygen, is supplied simultaneously with oxygen, and the amount of gas is reduced. Is increased, but there is an effect of cooling the reactor. In the oxidative decomposition, heat of oxidation is generated, and this heat of oxidation increases the temperature in the reactor. However, an excessively high temperature rise in the reactor is not preferable in view of safety of the apparatus. Thus, the overall temperature in the reactor can be reduced by the presence of nitrogen that does not participate in the reaction at all.

According to the present invention, it is possible to open the benzene ring, and the benzene to be decomposed by the present invention is a basic compound of aromatic hydrocarbons, represented by C ₆ H ₆ , Chlorobenzene is represented by C ₆ H ₅ Cl. Examples of the organic compound having a benzene nucleus include phenols. These phenols are a general term for organic compounds in which an OH group is bonded to a benzene nucleus, and are represented by C ₆ H ₅ OH. Further, according to the present invention, dioxins and PCBs having a benzene ring as a skeleton structure can be decomposed and made harmless.

FIG. 9 is a system diagram showing a basic embodiment of a method and an apparatus for decomposing hardly decomposable substances to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. Reference numeral 3 denotes an air compressor, 4 denotes a flow control valve, 5 denotes a water tank as a solvent, 6 denotes a metering pump, 7 denotes a reactor, and pipes 8, 9 and 7 drawn out from the flow control valves 4 and 2 and the metering pump 6. The other end of 10 is introduced into the reactor 7. Each of the pipes 8, 9, 10 has a pre-heater 11, 1
2, 13 are deployed. Reactor 7 have been deployed a plurality of heater 14,15,16 also temperature distribution _{T 1,} T 2, _{T 3} in the reactor is controlled so as to obtain freely. The reactor 7 is an apparatus for decomposing by subjecting a substance to be decomposed to a solvent water and oxygen in the air while maintaining a predetermined temperature. 29 is an air compressor for supplying air to the reactor 7 halfway, and 30 is a flow control valve thereof.

17, 18, and 19 are showering towers, 20
Denotes a neutralization cooler, and each of the showering towers 17, 18, 1
9 is inserted into the inside of the neutralization cooler 20.
In each of the showering towers 17, 18, 19, terrarets 17a, 18a, 19a that allow only the reaction gas to pass therethrough are arranged. 21 is a pump for showering, 22 is a header, 23 is a cooler, 24 is a suction blower,
3, pipes 20 a, 2 led out of the neutralization cooler 20.
0b is connected. 23a is an inlet of cooling water, 23b
Is the outlet of the cooling water. A pipe 25 led out of the reactor 7 is connected to an intermediate portion of the showering tower 17 and a pipe 2
Flow through the showering towers 18, 19 via
The air is exhausted to the outside through the suction blower 24.

The showering towers 17, 18, and 19 are devices for separating a liquid component in the vapor of the material to be decomposed, and are not limited to the three illustrated ones, but may include one or more showering towers. Have been. The neutralizing cooler 20 cools the obtained liquid component, and the showering pump 21 and the header 22 convert the obtained liquid component into the showering towers 17 and 1.
A circulating mechanism that promotes liquefaction by spraying into the insides 8 and 19 is configured.

The inside of the reactor 7 is not pressurized, and the outlet is open to normal pressure. That is, the pressure of the pipe on the inlet side has a pressure gradient of only the pressure loss due to the pipe. As described above, one of the features of the present invention is that the reactor 7 can decompose the substance to be decomposed using an open-type apparatus that does not forcibly pressurize, unlike the conventional high-pressure hydrothermal reactor. . A slight pressure is spontaneously generated in the reactor 7 by the superheated steam, and a pressure gradient is formed to transfer the decomposition products.
In the present invention, the normal pressure indicates a state in which the discharge port is opened without forcibly increasing the pressure as in the conventional hydrothermal reactor.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of the reactor 7, and FIG.
1 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. The outer periphery of the reactor 7 is covered with a heat insulating material 31, and a stainless steel pipe 32 is provided inside the reactor 7 along the longitudinal direction. The other ends of the pipes 8, 9, and 10 are introduced into the pipe 32, and the plurality of heaters 14, 15, 16,.
-Is deployed. In the reactor 7, the substance to be decomposed reacts with the solvent water and oxygen in the air while maintaining a predetermined temperature.

The features of the present invention are provided in the middle of the pipe 32.
Activation energy injection mechanism 33 is installed
Have been. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the activated energy
Energy injection mechanism 33 emits thermoelectrons into the pipe 32.
Pieces of cathode H₁, H₂, H ₃And receive this thermoelectron
Three anodes P₁, P₂, P₃Is composed mainly of
ing. Three cathodes H₁, H₂, H₃Is coil
And each of these cathodes H₁, H₂, H₃
Anode P at a position opposite to₁, P₂, P₃Is placed
ing. Each anode P₁, P₂, P₃Is the power supply E₁No plastic
Cathode connected to the cathode side and also serving as a coil heater
H₁, H₂, H₃Is connected to the power supply E₁, E₂My
And the other terminal is connected to the power supply E.₂
Connected to the positive side of 34 is composed of alumina
This is the insulating member obtained.

The operation of this embodiment will be described.
First, taking as an example a case where a fluorocarbon gas, which is an environmental pollutant, is decomposed by hydrolytic decomposition, the decomposed substance tank 1
By starting the air compressor 3 and the metering pump 6, the air and the fluorocarbon are fed into the pipe 32 in the reactor 7 through the flow control valves 4 and 2 and the pipes 8 and 9. Water is similarly fed through the pipe 10 into the pipe 32 by a predetermined amount and mixed at an appropriate ratio. At this time, the preheating is performed by driving the preheating heaters 11, 12, and 13 disposed in the respective pipes 8, 9, and 10, and the three heating heaters 14, 15, and 16 disposed in the reactor 7 are driven. By doing so, the temperature distributions T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ in the pipe 32 are controlled.

By heating the inside of the pipe 32 of the reactor 7 to a predetermined temperature range, superheated steam is generated. Since the temperature of the superheated steam required for the decomposition treatment varies depending on the decomposition target, each temperature is set according to the decomposition target. Then, within the pipe 32 of the reactor 7, CFC-22, which is a substance to be decomposed, reacts with water as a solvent and oxygen in the air while maintaining a predetermined temperature to perform hydrolytic decomposition treatment. During the reaction, air may be supplied into the pipe 32 of the reactor 7 using the air compressor 29 and the flow control valve 30.

During the above decomposition process, the pipe 3 in the reactor 7
Activation Energy Injection Mechanism 33 Deployed Midway
It is a major feature of the present invention that the device is driven and thermal energy (e ⁻ ) is used to inject activation energy into the object to be decomposed. That is, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 3, the cathodes H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ also serving as coil heaters are connected to the anode P
₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ Thermionic electrons are emitted while being accelerated, and during the emission, thermionic electrons collide with the molecules and atoms of the object to be decomposed to excite the molecules and atoms, and the molecules and atoms are excited. Activation energy is injected by atomization or dissociation of atoms into radicals or ions.

The excited molecules and atoms are particles of highly reactive particles that release excess energy and tend to be in a stable state. Therefore, the temperature in the reactor 7 can be increased without particularly increasing the temperature. The object to be decomposed can be decomposed. Then, a predetermined reaction time elapses while the superheated steam passes through the inside of the reactor 7, and the substance to be decomposed in the superheated steam is decomposed and sent into the next-stage showering tower 17.

In the showering tower 17, only the reaction gas in the material to be decomposed flows from the terralet 17a via the pipe 26, the terralet 18a, the pipe 27, and the terralet 19a, and is exhausted to the outside through the suction blower 24. The liquid components in the material to be decomposed are converted into the respective showering towers 17, 18, 1
9 flows into the neutralization cooler 20, and a part flows into the cooler 23 from the pipe 20a. By supplying cooling water from the cooling water inlet 23a of the cooler 23 and flowing out the cooling water from the outlet 23b, the gas component of the decomposition product is cooled and completely liquefied. The temperature in the cooler 23 may be any temperature at which the gas components of the decomposition product can be liquefied, and in the case of Freon gas, approximately 25
° C.

The liquefied decomposed product is sent from the showering pump 21 to the header 22, and each showering tower 1
By spraying into 7, 18, and 19, gas components are cooled, and liquefaction is promoted. By quenching and liquefying the decomposed product in this manner, generation of by-products is prevented, and there is no fear of secondary contamination due to release in the gaseous state and scattering into the atmosphere. The quenching is performed to prevent the generation of harmful by-products, because harmful by-products such as dioxin are formed when cooling slowly from high temperature to low temperature. The decomposed matter stored in the neutralization cooler 20 is periodically discharged through a pipe 28 and sent into a drain tank (not shown).

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the reactor 7.
FIG. 5 and FIG. 5 are cross-sectional views along the line BB in FIG. This anti
The reactor 7 is mainly composed of a stainless steel pipe 35.
The pipe 8 penetrates through the front wall 35a of the pipe 35,
The other end of 9, 10 is introduced. Each piping 8, 9, 1
0 is provided with preliminary heaters 11, 12, and 13.
The reactor 7 also has a plurality of heaters 14, 15, 16
Has been deployed. And penetrates the center of the front wall 35a
H that emits thermoelectrons at the position where₄Is placed,
Three Annaults receiving thermoelectrons at the middle part of the inner wall of the pipe 35
De P₄, P₅, P ₆Is arranged. So the cathode
H₄And three anodes P₄, P₅, P₆Is the reactor 7
Disposed in the longitudinal direction, that is, in the direction of flow of the material to be decomposed.
These cathodes H₄And anode P₄,
P₅, P₆Constitutes the activation energy injection mechanism
It is.

[0040] One terminal of the cathode H ₄ serving as a coil heater and the other terminal with are connected to the positive side of the high voltage power supply E is connected to the negative side of the high-voltage power supply E, the anode P _4, P ₅ , P ₆ are connected to the positive side of the high voltage power supply E.

According to such a configuration of the reactor 7, there is an advantage that the size of the apparatus itself can be reduced. The operation mode of the reactor 7 is substantially the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and during the decomposition processing of the decomposition target material, the cathode H ₄ changes to the anode P ₄ ,
Thermionic electrons are emitted while accelerating toward P ₅ and P ₆ , and during the emission, thermionic electrons collide with the molecules and atoms of the object to be decomposed to excite the molecules and atoms, thereby ionizing the molecules and atoms. Activation energy is implanted by being dripped or dissociated into radicals or ions.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent is supplied to the reactor 7 together with the object to be decomposed, and then thermions are emitted to be excited. However, by emitting thermoelectrons to the object to be decomposed, oxygen, and water before being supplied to the reactor 7, the thermoelectrons collide with molecules and atoms of the object to be decomposed, oxygen, and water. This may excite the molecule or atom to inject the activation energy. Alternatively, thermions may be emitted only to one or a plurality of substances to be decomposed, oxygen, and water.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show an example of the configuration of the activation energy injection mechanism 33 which emits and excites thermoelectrons before supplying the decomposition target or the like to the reactor 7 described above. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a main part showing another example of the activation energy injection mechanism 33, FIG. 7 is a left side view thereof, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line CC. The activation energy injection mechanism 33 shown in FIG. 6 is connected to the reactor 7 and is provided with three sets in an appropriate arrangement as shown in FIG. These are for exciting the object to be decomposed, oxygen, and water, respectively.

[0044] The reactor 7 has a stainless steel pipe 32 is penetrated through the insulating member 34 along the longitudinal direction, the cathode H ₄ for emitting thermal electrons is equipped at an end of the pipe 32 , the said cathode H ₄ is connected heaters 36 for thermal electron generation, the cylindrical body 3 of the electronic acceleration therearound
7 are deployed. The end of the pipe 32 on the reactor side and the end of the reactor are connected to an anode P for receiving thermoelectrons.
₇ . An inlet 39 for supplying a substance to be decomposed (oxygen or water) is provided in the middle of the pipe 32.
Is open. Incidentally, the anode P ₇ is connected to the positive side of the power source E _1, the other terminal with one terminal of the cathode H ₄ is connected to the negative side of the power supply E _1, E ₂ to the positive side of the power source E ₂ It is connected.

According to the above-described apparatus, the activation energy injection mechanism 33 is driven to convert the object to be decomposed, oxygen, and water individually or selectively before being supplied to the reactor 7 by thermionic electrons (e ⁻ ). By emitting electrons, activation energy can be injected. That is, the cathode H _{4 in} FIG.
From the thermal electrons are heated by the heater 36 toward the anode P _7, is released while being accelerated by the cylindrical body 37 for electron acceleration, thermal electrons to be decomposition products in the reaction field 38 in the middle of the release of oxygen, By colliding with water molecules and atoms, the molecules and atoms are excited, and the molecules and atoms are ionized or dissociated to form radicals or ions, so that activation energy is injected and then supplied to the reactor 7. Because

The total length of the reactor 7 in this embodiment is 1900
mm, the output of the three heaters 14, 15, 16 is 11
kW, CFC flow rate is 10 (kg / h), water flow is 10 (k
g / h), the air amount is 0 (l / min) at R12, R22
120 (l / min) for R134A and 300 (l / m) for R134A
in). The main calorific value of chlorofluorocarbon is R12 CCl ₂ F ₂ + 2H ₂ O → CO ₂ + 2HCl + 2HF ...- 35 Kcal / mol R11 CCl ₃ F + 2H ₂ O → CO ₂ + 3HCl + HF ...- 43 Kcal / mol R22 2CHClF ₂ + 2H ₂ O + O ₂ → 2CO _{2 + 2HCl + 4HF ......... -72Kcal /} mol R134A C 2 H 2 F 4 + 1.5O 2 + H 2 O → 2CO 2 + 4HF ......... -176Kcal / mol R143A C 2 H 3 F 3 + 2O 2 → 2CO 2 + 3HF ... -205Kcal / mol.

The substance to be decomposed is R12, that is, Freon CFC-1
In the case of 2, the hydrolysis of the following formula (1) proceeds by adding only water as a solvent and causing the reaction. CCl ₂ F ₂ + 2H ₂ O → CO ₂ + 2HCl + 2HF (1)

When the activation energy injection mechanism 33 is driven during the reaction of the above formula (1), thermions (e ⁻ )
Collision with FC-12 molecules and atoms produces molecular ions and radicals and radical ions with dissociation. _{CCl 2 F 2 → (CCl 2} F 2) + + e - CClF 2 · + Cl · CClF 2 · + + Cl · - CCl 2 F · + F · CCl 2 F · + + F · - CCl 2 F ++ + F - + e - CClF · ^· + F ^· + Cl ^{· · · · · · · · · · ·} (2)

Since these molecular ions, radicals, and radical ions are excited at high energy and are highly reactive particles, the excited molecules and atoms emit excess energy and are most stable. Directional reaction proceeds and is decomposed so as to minimize the binding energy. Then, after the reaction time has elapsed, it is almost completely decomposed and sent into the next stage showering tower 17.

The hydrolysis of CFC-22 is performed by the following formulas (3) to (5). _{CHClF 2 + 2H 2 O → CO} 2 + HCl + 2HF + H 2 ......... (3) CHClF 2 + H 2 O → HCl + 2HF + CO ........................ (4) 4CHClF 2 + 6H 2 O → 3CO 2 + 8HF + 4HCl + CH 4 ......... (5) According to equations (3), (4) and (5), H ₂ gas, CO gas,
There is a problem that harmful or combustible gas such as CH ₄ gas is generated. Then, when air or oxygen is added together with water to perform hydrolytic decomposition, the following equation (6) proceeds. CHClF ₂ + 2H ₂ O + O ₂ → 2CO ₂ + 2HCl + 4HF (6) Accordingly, carbon monoxide CO becomes 2CO + O ₂ = 2CO ₂ , hydrogen gas H ₂ becomes 2H ₂ + O ₂ = 2H ₂ O, and methane gas CH ₄ becomes CH ₄ + 3O ₂ = CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O Therefore, the harmful or flammable gas is detoxified as carbon dioxide or converted into moisture, resulting in the result shown in equation (6).

The hydrolysis of CFC-134a is performed according to the following equations (7) to (9). _{C 2 H 2 F 4 + 2H} 2 O → 4HF + 2CO + 2H 2 ..................... (7) C 2 H 2 F 4 + 4H 2 O → 4HF + 2CO 2 + 3H 2 .................. (8) C 2 H 2 F ₄ + 3H ₂ O → 4HF + CO + 2H ₂ + CO ₂ (9) (7) (8) Even in the case of the formulas (8) and (9), harmful or flammable gases such as H ₂ gas and CO gas are generated. By adding oxygen and reacting, the above formula (6) proceeds, and hydrolytic decomposition is performed.

The hydrolysis of CFC-141b is carried out according to the following formulas (10) to (11). _{C 2 H 3 Cl 2 F +} 2H 2 O → 2CO + HF + 2HCl + 2H 2 ...... (10) C 2 H 3 Cl 2 F + 4H 2 O → 2CO 2 + HF + 2HCl + 4H 2 ...... (11) (10) (11) Equation carbon monoxide, _{H 2} Not suitable because gas is generated. Then, when air or oxygen is added together with water to cause a reaction, the following equations (12) and (13) proceed, and hydrolytic decomposition is performed. _{C 2 H 3 Cl 2 F +} 3 / 2O 2 + H 2 O → 2CO 2 + 2HCl + HF + H 2 ...... (12) 2C 2 H 3 Cl 2 F + O 2 + 2H 2 O → 4CO + 4HCl + 2HF + 2H 2 ...... (13) In this case, addition of water, oxygen And CO and H ₂ are generated as shown in the equations (12) and (13), which is inappropriate. In this case, in the case of oxidative decomposition in which only oxygen is added, the following (14) (1)
Equation 5) proceeds. C ₂ H ₃ Cl ₂ F + 2O ₂ → 2CO ₂ + 2HCl + HF (14) C ₂ H ₃ Cl ₂ F + O ₂ → 2CO + 2HCl + HF (15) Also in this case, as shown in the equation (15), CO gas is generated, but in practice, equation (14) takes precedence in an oxygen-excess state.
Regardless of the decomposition of any process, it is possible to finally make equation (14). When only oxygen is added, oxidative decomposition proceeds, but unexpected by-products may be formed. Therefore, the presence of superheated steam generated by adding an appropriate amount of water is important. Therefore, hydrolytic decomposition is the most suitable decomposition method.

When chlorofluorocarbon gas was used as the substance to be decomposed, the following products were confirmed. First, the gas is CO ₂ ,
HCl and HF. After cooling, HCl and HF dissolve in water to become a strong acid.

As shown in the following equation (16), caustic soda NaOH is added according to the concentration of chlorofluorocarbon to convert carbon dioxide into sodium bicarbonate NaHCO _{3. As} shown in equation (17), sodium chloride is produced by the reaction of caustic soda and hydrochloric acid. In some cases, sodium fluoride is produced by the reaction of caustic soda and hydrofluoric acid as shown in the formula (18). When neutralizing a strongly acidic solution after liquefaction with NaOH, (17) (1)
8) it is also made possible a method which does not emit carbon dioxide also occurs because (16) always CO ₂ is generated. NaOH + CO ₂ → NaHCO ₃ ............ (16) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H ₂ O ............ (17) NaOH + HF → NaF + H ₂ O …………………… (18)

The embodiment described above is for decomposing a fluid or gaseous substance to be decomposed. In addition to Freon gas, a liquid substance of a halogenated carbon compound such as chlorobenzene or trichloroethane is used as an environmental pollutant. Can be decomposed. According to the present embodiment, trichloroethane (C
The decomposition reaction of H ₃ · CCl ₃ ) and chlorobenzene (C ₆ H ₅ Cl) which is an organic substance having a benzene nucleus will be described.

First, trichloroethane (CH ₃ CC)
When decomposing l ₃ ), the reaction proceeds as follows. CH ₃ · CCl ₃ + 2O ₂ → 2CO ₂ + 3HCl

Next, when chlorobenzene (C ₆ H ₅ Cl) is decomposed, the decomposition proceeds as follows. C ₆ H ₅ Cl + 7O ₂ → 6CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O + HCl

When the driving principle of the activation energy injection mechanism 33 is considered theoretically, it is generally said that when an electron is in the lowest energy state, the atom is in the ground state and the electron is in the higher energy state. Is called an excited state in which energy is stored inside an atom. When the excitation is high enough, the electrons escape from the binding of the nucleus and become free electrons. This is ionization, and free electrons maintain a continuous energy state. That is, ionization can be considered as one limit of internal excitation.

On the other hand, the minimum energy that must be applied to the reaction system by collision in order to smoothly carry out a chemical reaction is called activation energy (E _act ). The source of activation energy is the kinetic energy of the moving particles, and the amount of energy provided in a collision is almost less than a minimum, but if one or both of the particles move about at an unusual rate, the A strong collision occurred at
Sufficient energy is provided to cause a chemical reaction.

Therefore, in order to cause a chemical reaction, it is necessary that the particles collide with a sufficient activation energy (E _act ).
The continuous energy state of the free electrons that are internally excited by driving is effectively used, and the chemical reaction proceeds smoothly by raising the energy level of the reaction system without using thermal energy applying means such as a heater. Can be done.

Further, according to the present invention, since it is possible to inject thermoelectrons in a state in which all the gases to be decomposed are mixed, activation energy is simultaneously injected into all kinds of gases, thereby increasing the efficiency of the reaction. Can be done

Table 1 shows a list of the relationship between the decomposition rate and the temperature of R22 (CFC-22), R12 and R134A in the case where the activation energy injection mechanism 33 is not driven, and FIG. 3 is a graph in which the measured values in Table 1 are plotted.

[0063]

[Table 1]

According to Table 1 and FIG. 10, R22 is 850.
Decomposition rate at 9 ° C. reached 99.9% and R12 at 950 ° C. reached 99.9% and R134
In A, the decomposition rate at 800 ° C. reached 99.9%. Table 2 is a list of the relationship between the time (minutes) and the temperature rise after the decomposition rate of each CFC gas reached 99.9%, and FIG. 11 is a graph in which the measured values of Table 2 are plotted. .

[0065]

[Table 2]

According to Table 2 and FIG. 11, R12 was around 930 ° C. after the decomposition rate reached 99.9%,
No. 22 was 1080 after 18 minutes after the decomposition rate had reached 99.9%.
° C, and the temperature remains almost unchanged thereafter. On the other hand, in the case of R134A, the decomposition rate reached 99.9%, reached 1241 ° C. 18 minutes later, and was about 1240 ° C. thereafter.

Table 3 shows the activation energy injection mechanism 33.
(CFC-12) and R22 in the case of driving
FIG. 12 is a table in which the relationship between the decomposition rate and the temperature was similarly measured for each of the CFCs of R134A and R134A, and FIG. The cathodes H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ and anodes P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ shown in FIG. 3 have an electrode surface area of 3.7 cm ² , a material of tungsten + thorium, a current of 3 A, and an electrode surface temperature of about 3 A. The temperature was 1500 ° C. and the acceleration voltage was 1 kV.

[0068]

[Table 3]

According to Table 3 and FIG. 12, R12 is 500
Decomposition rate at 9 ° C. reached 99.9% and R22 at 450 ° C. reached 99.9%.
In A, the decomposition rate reached 99.9% at 400 ° C. Therefore, the temperature of 400 ° C. to 45 ° C.
It can be seen that the decomposition rate of chlorofluorocarbon reaches 99.9% in the low temperature range of 0 ° C.

Table 4 shows a list of the relationship between the time (minute) at the time of free electron injection and the temperature rise for each Freon gas, and FIG. 13 is a graph in which the measured values of Table 4 are plotted.

[0071]

[Table 4]

According to Table 4 and FIG. 13, the temperature of R12 changes little from 600 ° C. to 614 ° C. with time at the time of electron injection, and the temperature of R22 reaches 721 ° C. after the initial temperature of 550 ° C. has elapsed for 10 minutes. Thereafter, it is around 733 ° C to 735 ° C. R134A initially reaches a temperature of 854 ° C. after a lapse of 12 minutes at a temperature of 500 ° C., and thereafter is around 855 ° C. Therefore, it can be seen that the temperature rise range is 1000 ° C. or less in any case.

Table 5 shows the activation energy injection mechanism 33.
FIG. 14 is a table in which the relationship between the decomposition rate and the temperature is similarly measured for each of the fluorocarbon gases in the case where is driven, and FIG. 14 is a graph in which the measured values in Table 5 are plotted. The cathode _H 1 shown in FIG. _3, H 2, _{H 3} and anode _{P 1, P} 2, P
The measurement conditions were the same as those in Table 3 except that the current between the _three was 1.5 A.

[0074]

[Table 5]

According to Table 5 and FIG. 14, R12 is 650.
Decomposition rate at 9 ° C. reached 99.9%, and R22 at 600 ° C. reached 99.9%, R134
In A, the decomposition rate at 550 ° C. reached 99.9%. Therefore, the temperature is higher than that of Table 1 and FIG.
It can be seen that the decomposition rate of chlorofluorocarbon reaches 99.9% in the low temperature range of 0 ° C.

[0076]

[Table 6]

Table 6 (1) shows the case where the activation energy injection mechanism 33 is not driven with respect to the mixed CFCs.
10 (kg / h) of (CFC-404) and a decomposition rate of 9
This is data obtained by measuring the change in temperature after the decomposition treatment to 9.9%.
h) is data obtained by measuring the change in temperature after the decomposition treatment. In (1), the temperature reached 800 ° C. at the end of the decomposition treatment, the temperature exceeded 1000 ° C. after 16 minutes, and rose to 1,283 ° C. after 30 minutes, and in (2), the temperature after lapse of 30 minutes was 864 ° C. It has become. Therefore, R404 is set to 1
It is not preferable to perform the decomposition treatment at 10 (kg / h) at a time because the high temperature may cause deterioration of the apparatus.
(Kg / h), the amount of decomposition treatment must be reduced, and there is a problem that the working efficiency is reduced.

Table 3 (3) shows that after the activation energy injection mechanism 33 is driven to inject free electrons, 10 (kg / h) of R404 is decomposed to a decomposition rate of 99.9%. FIG. 15 plots the data of (3) together with the data of (1) and (2) above. According to (3) in Table 6, the temperature was 500 ° C. at the end of the decomposition treatment, reached 872 ° C. after 16 minutes,
Thereafter, the temperature is maintained at about 873 ° C. until 30 minutes. Therefore, according to the present invention, R404 is increased by 10 (kg /
h) Even if the decomposition treatment is performed, there is no fear that the apparatus is deteriorated due to the high temperature, and the working efficiency can be improved by maintaining the decomposition treatment amount high.

[0079]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to supply chlorofluorocarbon gas, organic compounds and other hardly decomposable substances such as industrial wastes to oxygen, oxygen and water, or water only as a solvent. Then, by driving the activation energy injection mechanism arranged in the reactor, thermoelectrons are emitted from the cathode to the anode while being accelerated, and the thermoelectrons collide with molecules and atoms of the decomposition target object and are emitted. The excitation energy is injected by the excitation, and the decomposition reaction can be efficiently performed without heating the inside of the reactor to a high temperature by thermal energy of a heater or the like. In particular, there is no need to provide a separate cooling device in order to prevent the temperature inside the reactor from rising, so that the cost of the device can be reduced and there is no risk of sacrificing the throughput of the decomposition target material during operation.

By causing a predetermined reaction in the reactor, any of the form of hydrolysis by the superheated steam of water as a solvent, the form of oxidative decomposition by oxygen, and the form of hydrolytic decomposition by addition of water and oxygen can be used. In this form, the hardly decomposable substance can be decomposed. In particular, the present invention does not require maintaining the inside of the reactor at a high temperature and high pressure as in the case of a decomposition means utilizing a hydrothermal reaction, and thus eliminates the need for a reactor and other pressure regulating valves and facilitates operational control. There are advantages.

Further, the reaction mode is uniform and oxidative decomposition,
The three types of decomposition, hydrolytic and hydrolytic, are evident, and because they do not use reaction aids such as iron or carbon steel, they have explosive properties such as toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. No toxic gas is generated, or even if it is generated, it is possible to immediately perform harmless treatment. Further, it is possible to prevent a pipe from being clogged due to a reaction product or a corrosion phenomenon of the pipe due to a start of a reaction in a middle pipe.

The gas component after decomposition can be liquefied and discharged by cooling, and since heating at normal pressure is the main process, a high-pressure pump is unnecessary.
There is no fear that the discharge valve or piping will be damaged. Furthermore, since the reaction is a closed system in which all reactions take place in the reactor, the effect of no secondary contamination can be obtained. In addition, it can be applied not only to CFCs but also to other industrial wastes and organic substances having a benzene nucleus.

Further, according to the present invention, since the process proceeds at a low pressure and the reactor is prevented from reaching a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or more, the corrosion resistance is remarkably improved and the material of the reactor itself can be arbitrarily selected. In addition, it has the advantage that it does not require mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, design to withstand tensile stress or thermal stress, and it is easy to take measures against breakage of various equipment and automation of the equipment itself. The effect is that the safety is high.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a reactor to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the reactor.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a main part showing another example of the activation energy injection mechanism.

FIG. 7 is a left side view of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a system diagram showing a basic embodiment of a method and an apparatus for decomposing hardly decomposable substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the decomposition rate of each chlorofluorocarbon gas and the temperature when the activation energy injection mechanism is not driven.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between time and temperature rise after the decomposition rate of Freon gas reaches 99.9%.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the decomposition rate of each fluorocarbon gas and the temperature when the activation energy injection mechanism is driven.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing a relationship between time and temperature rise at the time of free electron injection.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the decomposition rate of each fluorocarbon gas and the temperature when the activation energy injection mechanism is driven.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing a change in temperature after the fluorocarbon is decomposed to 99.9% in a case where the activation energy injection mechanism is driven and a case where the activation energy injection mechanism is not driven.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Decomposition thing tank 2, 4, 30 ... Flow control valve 3, 29 ... Air compressor 5 ... Water tank 6 ... Metering pump 7 ... Reactor 11, 12, 13 ... Preheating heater 14, 15, 16 ... Heating heater 17, 18, 19 ... showering towers 17a, 18a, 19a ... terraret 20 ... neutralizing cooler 21 ... pump for showering 22 ... header 23 ... cooler 24 ... suction blower 31 ... heat insulating material 32, 35 ... pipe 33 ... Activation energy injection mechanism 34 ... Insulation member Reference number P3070

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) C07B 37/06 C07C 19/10 C07C 19/08 B09B 3/00 ZAB 19/10 304Z F-term (reference) 2E191 BA12 BA13 BA15 BD11 4D004 AA14 AA46 AC04 CA22 CA36 CA43 CB04 CB31 CB32 CC01 CC02 CC03 4G075 AA03 AA37 BA01 BA05 BA06 BD05 BD12 BD22 CA02 CA39 CA66 DA01 DA12 DA13 EA02 EA06 EB21 FB02 4H006 AA04 AA05 BE30 BB61 BB61 BB61

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An oxygen or oxygen and water or water as a solvent is supplied to a reactor together with an object to be decomposed, and the oxygen is supplied from a cathode disposed in the reactor heated to a predetermined temperature to an anode. By releasing thermions, the thermoelectrons, together with the object to be decomposed, collide with molecules or atoms of oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent, thereby exciting the molecules or atoms and activating energy. Oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis by injecting oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent together with the substance to be decomposed after passing a predetermined reaction time in a reactor at normal pressure. A method for decomposing a hardly decomposable substance based on any one of the three decomposition principles or a combination thereof. 2. A thermoelectron is released into oxygen or oxygen and water or water as a solvent together with the substance to be decomposed, so that the thermoelectrons together with the substance to be decomposed are oxygen or oxygen and water, or By activating the energy and exciting the molecules and atoms by colliding with water molecules and atoms as a solvent, the activation energy is injected and supplied to the reactor, and oxygen or water and oxygen or a solvent as the solvent together with the decomposition target material By passing water after passing a predetermined reaction time in a reactor at normal pressure, oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis of hardly decomposable substances based on any one of the three decomposition principles or a combination thereof. A method for decomposing hardly decomposable substances, characterized by decomposing. 3. The method for decomposing a hardly decomposable substance according to claim 2, wherein thermoelectrons are emitted to one or a plurality of substances to be decomposed, oxygen, oxygen and water, or water as a solvent. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein air is used in place of said oxygen. 5. A method in which air is supplied from the middle of the reactor to promote an oxidation reaction by oxygen in the supplied air and to cool the inside of the reactor by nitrogen in the supplied air. The method for decomposing hardly decomposable substances according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vapor of the decomposition target material after the decomposition processing is liquefied by being cooled by a neutralization cooler and discharged. Decomposition method for hardly decomposable substances. 7. A mechanism for supplying oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent to a reactor together with an object to be decomposed, and thermoelectrons emitted from a cathode disposed in the reactor to an anode With the substance to be decomposed, oxygen, or oxygen and water, or an activation energy injection mechanism that excites molecules or atoms of water as a solvent, the decomposition object in the reactor and oxygen, or oxygen and Decomposes hard-to-decompose substances by passing water or water as a solvent for a predetermined temperature and reaction time, based on one of the three decomposition principles of oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis, or a combination thereof. An apparatus for decomposing hardly decomposable substances. 8. An object to be decomposed, oxygen, or oxygen by emitting thermoelectrons individually to one or more selected from oxygen, oxygen and water, or water as a solvent together with the object to be decomposed. And an activation energy injection mechanism for exciting water or water molecules or atoms as a solvent, and supplying the activated material to be decomposed and oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent to the reactor And a mechanism,
By passing through the reactor a substance to be decomposed and oxygen, or oxygen and water, or water as a solvent for a predetermined temperature and a reaction time, three kinds of oxidative decomposition, hydrolytic decomposition, and hydrolysis are performed.
An apparatus for decomposing a hardly decomposable substance, which decomposes a hardly decomposable substance based on any one of species decomposition principles or a combination thereof. 9. The reactor, wherein one or more showering towers for separating a liquid component in the vapor of the substance to be decomposed, a neutralizing cooler for cooling the obtained liquid component, The decomposition apparatus for hardly decomposable substances according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising a circulation mechanism for spraying the inside of the showering tower.