JP2001227661A - Passage shut-off device and dangerous substance discharge preventing device using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a passage shut-off device quick in response and capable of shutting off a passage in an instant by directly utilizing the abnormal rise of pressure. SOLUTION: This passage shut-off device is composed of a body part 11 provided on the outlet side of the passage and having a blocking seat 13a, and a closing plate 17 movably provided in the body part 11 and normally held being separated from the blocking seat 13a while being moved by a fluid at the abnormal rise of pressure to close the blocking seat 13a. At the abnormal rise of pressure, the closing plate 17 is moved by the fluid itself of high pressure and sonic velocity to close the blocking plate 17, and the closing plate 17 is moved of its own pressure built up by explosion or the like to quicken responsiveness to thereby shut off the passage in an instant. Compared with the case of detecting the pressure rise caused by the explosion or the like, by a sensor and converting it into an electric signal to close a shut-off valve, responsiveness is quick, and dangerous substance can be put in a sealed state without being discharged to the outside.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a flow path shut-off device and a hazardous material discharge prevention device using the same, and even if an abnormal reaction or abnormal explosion occurs in a container such as a combustor or a reactor, the inside of the device is prevented. This is to prevent dangerous substances from being discharged outside.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Combustors and reactors in which dangerous substances such as gases and solids are generated as a result of combustion and reactions are often found in petrochemical plants and the like.

[0003] In the combustion or reaction in a combustor or a reactor in which such dangerous substances are generated, an explosion often accompanies the condition, and in order to prevent the explosion, it is usually operated to avoid the explosion condition. Control system to avoid explosion conditions with a control system equipped with an interlock mechanism, and a safety valve to install dangerous materials in buildings and other facilities to prevent damage to combustors and reactors even if an explosion should occur. 2. Description of the Related Art It has been practiced to discharge a hazardous substance to a predetermined enclosed space and treat the released dangerous substance separately.

[0004]

However, even if an attempt is made to avoid explosion conditions, it is not possible to completely prevent erroneous operation of the operator or erroneous operation of the device. There is a problem that is discharged to the.

In the case of control by a control system provided with an interlock mechanism, there is no possibility that a malfunction will occur at all, and a sensor such as a shut-off valve which detects the occurrence of an explosion and communicates with the outside of the container. However, there is a problem that a considerable amount of dangerous substances is discharged to the outside because the response speed is slow and the flow velocity is about the speed of sound even if the hazardous substances are prevented from being discharged out of the container by closing the container.

Further, when a safety valve is used, there is a problem in that dangerous substances are discharged even in a predetermined closed space on the premise that they are discharged, and this must be treated separately.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and uses a flow path shut-off device which has a quick response and can immediately shut off a flow path by directly utilizing an abnormal pressure rise. It is an object of the present invention to provide a dangerous substance discharge prevention device which can prevent the discharge of dangerous substances to the outside.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flow path shut-off device for shutting off a flow path when a flow rate is increased due to an abnormal pressure rise. And a closing plate that is movably provided in the main body and is normally kept away from the closing seat, and is moved by a fluid when an abnormal pressure rises to close the closing seat. And characterized by the following.

According to this flow path shut-off device, the main body having the closing seat provided on the outlet side of the flow path, the main body being movably provided in the main body and being normally held away from the closing seat, At the time of abnormal pressure rise, it is constituted by a closing plate which is moved by fluid to close the closing seat, and at normal time, while keeping the closing plate away from the closing seat, a flow path having a low flow velocity and almost no resistance is secured, When an abnormal pressure rises, the closing plate is closed by moving the closing plate with the high-pressure fluid and the sonic fluid itself. Can be shut off immediately.

[0010] Thus, compared with a case where a pressure rise due to an explosion or the like is detected by a sensor and converted into an electric signal or the like and the shut-off valve is closed, the response is quick and the dangerous substance is sealed without being discharged to the outside. can do.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the structure of the first aspect, the closing seat is formed below or on the side of the main body, and the closing plate is normally provided. Sometimes, a holding tool is provided which is held away from the closing seat and held upward or laterally.

According to this flow path shut-off device, the closing seat is formed below or on the side of the main body, and the holding member for holding the closing plate upward or on the side normally away from the closing seat is provided. Normally, by holding the closing plate with the holder, the flow path is not blocked even if the closing seat is below or to the side, and the flow path can be secured. Be able to shut off.

Further, the dangerous substance discharge prevention device according to claim 3 of the present invention is provided in the discharge system of a container in which a dangerous substance is generated when discharged to the outside by combustion or reaction.
In addition to the provision of the flow passage blocking device described above, a check mechanism for preventing a backflow of dangerous substances is provided in a supply system of the container.

According to this dangerous substance discharge prevention device, a flow path shut-off device is provided in a discharge system of a container in which a dangerous substance is generated when discharged to the outside by combustion or reaction, while a backflow of the dangerous substance is supplied to a supply system of the container. In the event of abnormal pressure rise, the flow path in the outflow direction is immediately shut off by the flow path shut-off device, and the flow path of the supply system in the inflow direction is checked by a check valve or other check mechanism. Is provided to prevent backflow, so that dangerous substances can be contained without being discharged outside.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an accumulator for alleviating the pressure rise through a rupturable plate which bursts due to an abnormal pressure rise. It is characterized by having been provided.

According to this hazardous material discharge prevention device, the container is provided with an accumulator that alleviates the pressure rise through the rupturable plate that bursts due to the abnormal pressure rise, thereby preventing the dangerous material from being discharged to the outside. In addition, the accumulator can alleviate the pressure rise in the container, and can keep the container safer.

Further, the dangerous substance discharge prevention device according to claim 5 of the present invention has the configuration according to claim 3 or 4,
A blast attenuator for attenuating a blast is provided between the discharge system of the container and the flow path blocking device according to claim 1 or 2.

According to this hazardous material discharge prevention device, a blast attenuator for attenuating the blast is provided between the discharge system of the container and the flow path cutoff device. Performance can be improved.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a flow path blocking device according to the present invention and FIG.
It is A sectional drawing.

The flow path blocking device 10 blocks a flow path in which a dangerous substance or a fluid containing the dangerous substance flows upward from below.

The flow path cutoff device 10 has a cylindrical main body 1.
The main body 11 is provided with connecting flanges at upper and lower ends thereof, and an upper end flange 12a is connected to a discharge side, and a lower end flange 12b is connected to a container side such as a combustor or a reactor.

A closing seat 13 having a diameter smaller than that of the main body 11 is provided on an upper end flange 12 a of the main body 11 of the flow path blocking device 10.
The disc 13 provided with a is connected thereto, and a pipe 14 on the discharge side is attached to the disc 13. The pipe 14 on the discharge side may be connected to the disk 13 via another flange.

Inside such a main body 11, four guide plates 15 having a rectangular cross section are arranged at equal circumferential intervals, and are mounted so as to protrude inward in the vertical direction.
A stopper 16 that is larger than the guide plate 15 is attached to the lower ends of two opposing guide plates 15. The guide plate 15 is not limited to a rectangular cross section, but may have another cross section such as a circular cross section.

The four guide plates 15
A substantially circular closing plate 17 that is movable up and down along the main body 11 is mounted on the main body 11, and a guide portion 17 a having a guide groove guided by the guide plate 15 is formed to protrude at four locations on the outer periphery, The space between the guides 17a is the body 11
And has a continuous shape with concentric circles spaced apart from each other so that the closing seat 13a can be closed.

The closing plate 17 is mounted in the main body 11 from the upper end flange 12a side.
And the gap between the closing plate 17 and the main body 11 is formed as a flow path 18, and the flow path 18 allows the inside of the main body 11 to be viewed from below as shown by an arrow in the drawing. The fluid flows upward with almost no resistance.

In the flow path shut-off device 10 constructed as described above, the discharge-side pipe 14 is attached to the disk 13 provided with the closing seat 13 a connected to the upper end flange 12 a of the main body 11, while the main body 11 The lower end flange 12b is used by being connected to a container side such as a combustor or a reactor.

In the flow path shut-off device 10, the closing plate 17 is normally held on the stopper 16, and the gap between the closing plate 17 and the main body 11 becomes the flow path 18 to form the main body 11 As shown by the arrows in the figure, the fluid flows from below to above with almost no resistance.

On the other hand, if an explosion or abnormal pressure rise occurs on the side of a vessel such as a combustor or a reactor, the pressure of the fluid flowing through the main body 11 increases, and the flow velocity and the flow rate increase. It is pushed up by the fluid itself and pressed against the closing seat 13a to shut off the flow path.

The speed at which the closing plate 17 is pushed up by the fluid itself to shut off the flow path is such that the pressure rise and the flow rate increase are about the speed of sound due to the explosion, so that almost no fluid is discharged from the outside of the closing plate 17 and the flow immediately proceeds. The road is in a blocked state.

This shutoff can be performed at a remarkably high speed as compared with a case in which a pressure rise or the like is detected by a sensor and this detection signal is converted into an electrical signal or the like, and the shutoff can be instantaneously performed.

Thus, by installing the flow path cut-off device 10 on the discharge side of a container such as a combustor or a reactor, even if an explosion or abnormal pressure rise occurs, dangerous substances are not discharged to the outside. , Can be contained.

Next, a description will be given of a flow path shut-off device in the case where the fluid flows downward from above or in the case where the fluid flows laterally, with reference to FIG.

This flow path cutoff device 20 is a flow path cutoff device 1 in the case where the above-described fluid flows upward from below.
However, in this state, the closing plate 17 normally blocks the flow path by its own weight or the pressure of the fluid and cannot flow the fluid. Therefore, in the flow path cutoff device 20, the upper end flange 21a of the main body 11 is connected to a container side such as a combustor or a reactor, and the lower end flange 21b is connected to a discharge side. In the flow path blocking device 20, the disk 22 connected to the lower end flange 21b of the main body 11 is provided with a closing seat 22a having a smaller diameter than the main body 11,
The discharge side pipe 14 is attached to the disk 22 provided with the closing seat 22a, which is connected to the flange 21b. In addition, the pipe on the discharge side may be connected to the disk 22 via another flange.

Further, inside the main body 11, four guide plates 15 having a rectangular cross section are arranged at equal circumferential intervals, and are mounted so as to protrude inward in the vertical direction. A stopper 16 that is larger than the guide plate 15 is attached to the upper end of 15. The guide plate 15 is not limited to a rectangular cross section, but may have another cross section such as a circular cross section.

The four guide plates 15
A substantially circular closing plate 17 that is movable up and down along the main body 11 is mounted on the main body 11, and a guide portion 17 a having a guide groove guided by the guide plate 15 is formed to protrude at four locations on the outer periphery, The space between the guides 17a is the body 11
And has a continuous shape with concentric circles spaced apart from each other, so that the closing seat 22a can be closed.

The closing plate 17 is mounted in the main body 11 from the lower end flange 21b side.
It is necessary to allow a fluid to flow through a gap between the body 7 and the body 11 as a flow path 18.
A spring 23 as a holding tool is mounted between the upper surface and the second upper surface. The spring 23, which holds the closing plate 17 upward at normal times, applies a biasing force slightly larger than the force (force of the flow path resistance in a steady state) by the pressure of the fluid applied to the closing plate 17 and its own weight. is there.

As a result, the closing plate 17 is
Can be held in a pressed state against the stopper 16, and the fluid between the closing plate 17 and the main body 11 is formed as a flow path 18 in the main body 11 from above to below as indicated by an arrow in the drawing. It will be possible to flow with almost no resistance.

In the flow path cut-off device 20 constructed as described above, the container side such as a combustor or a reactor is connected to the upper end flange 21a of the main body 11, and the discharge-side pipe is connected to the disk 22 provided with the closing seat 22a. 14 is attached and used.

In the flow path shut-off device 20, the closing plate 17 is normally held in a state pressed against the stopper 16 by the spring 23, and the closing plate 17 and the main body 1 are normally held.
The fluid flow from the upper part to the lower part in the main body 11 from the upper part to the lower part as shown by the arrow in the figure as a gap with the fluid passage 18.

On the other hand, when an explosion or abnormal pressure rise occurs on the side of the vessel such as a combustor or a reactor, the pressure of the fluid flowing through the main body 11 increases, and the flow velocity and the flow rate increase. It is pushed down by the fluid itself, contracts the spring 23 and presses it against the closing seat 22a to shut off the flow path.

The speed at which the closing plate 17 is depressed by the fluid itself to shut off the flow path is such that the pressure rise and the flow rate increase are propagated at about the sonic speed due to the explosion. The road is in a blocked state.

This shutoff can be performed at a remarkably high speed as compared with the case where a pressure rise or the like is detected by a sensor and this detection signal is converted into an electric signal or the like, and the shutoff can be performed instantaneously.

Accordingly, in a case where a pipe is provided below or to the side of a vessel such as a combustor or a reactor, explosion or abnormal pressure rise may be caused by installing the flow path cut-off device 20. Even if dangerous substances are not discharged to the outside, they can be contained. In addition, even when the fluid flows to the side, the same can be applied by holding the closing plate with the holder.

Further, the holding member is not limited to a spring, and may be constituted by a projection which is easily broken when an abnormal pressure rises.

Next, such flow path blocking devices 10, 20
An embodiment of the dangerous material discharge prevention device 30 using the method will be described with reference to FIG.

The hazardous substance discharge prevention device 30 includes a closed container 31 for producing dangerous substances such as a combustor and a reactor. A discharge system is provided at a top and a bottom, and two discharge systems are provided at a side. A supply system is provided.

The discharge system at the top of the closed container 31 is as follows:
Since the fluid flows upward from below, the flow path blocking device 10
Is provided, mainly for discharging gas and the like, and after processing hazardous materials through the exclusion device 32 provided outdoors or the like, the dangerous substances are discharged to the outside, while the discharge system at the bottom is configured such that the fluid flows downward from above. And a flow path shut-off device 20 is provided, mainly for discharging solid matters and the like, and collected in a tank (not shown) or the like.

The supply system of the sealed container 31 is provided with a check valve 33 as a check mechanism for preventing backflow, so that the fluid does not flow back into the supply system due to an explosion or the like, and can be sealed in the sealed container 31. It is like that.

Further, in the dangerous substance discharge preventing device 30, a blast attenuator 34 is interposed in the discharge system at the top and the flow path shut-off device 10 is provided so that a sudden pressure rise such as an explosion can be attenuated. For example, by providing a large number of baffle plates 34b in the container body 34a, for example, the flow path resistance is normally suppressed, and the pressure can be attenuated when the pressure is rapidly increased.

The sealed container 31 is provided with an accumulator 35 via a rupturable plate 36. When the pressure rises due to an explosion or the like, the rupture plate 36 made of a thin metal plate or the like is broken by the pressure to make the accumulator 35 function. The pressure in the closed container 31 is reduced.

Further, in the dangerous substance discharge prevention device 30, in order to prevent the discharge from the discharge system and the supply system in a double manner,
Control valves 37 are provided outside the flow path shut-off devices 10 and 20 and outside the check valve 33, respectively, to detect the pressure in the closed vessel 31 and to electrically convert the detection signal to detect an abnormal pressure rise. Control is performed to close the control valve 37.

Although these control valves 37 have a response delay when a sudden increase in pressure such as an explosion occurs, the control valve 37 can maintain a closed state. This state is maintained.

Dangerous substance discharge prevention device 3 thus configured
In the case of 0, when an abnormal reaction or an abnormal pressure rise occurs in the closed vessel 31, the flow path shut-off devices 10 and 20 are immediately closed by the internal fluid itself, thereby preventing discharge from the discharge system, and preventing the supply system from discharging. The check valve 33 prevents backflow. Thereby, a gas or a solid matter containing a dangerous substance or the like is sealed in the closed container 31 and is not discharged to the outside.

Although the control valve 37 detects a pressure rise in the closed vessel 31 and has a response delay, the control valve 37 is completely closed by the flow path shut-off devices 10 and 20 and the check valve 33 and the control valve 37 although they are closed. A sealed state can be maintained.

Further, since the accumulator 35 is provided in the closed container 31 via the rupturable plate 36, the rupturable plate 36 is torn by the abnormal pressure rise, and the accumulator 35 functions.
The pressure rise in the sealed container 31 is reduced, and safety can be improved.

Therefore, this dangerous substance discharge prevention device 30
According to the present invention, since the mechanically operated flow path blocking devices 10 and 20 are used, erroneous operation of the operator and erroneous operation of the device can be completely prevented. Dangerous goods and the like can be completely contained without any response delay and no discharge of dangerous goods when using a safety valve.

[0057]

As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the main body having the closing seat provided on the outlet side of the flow path, The closing plate is movably provided in the main body, and is normally held apart from the closing seat, and is closed by closing the closing seat by being moved by a fluid when an abnormal pressure rises. By keeping it away from the seat, a flow path with a low flow velocity and almost no resistance is secured, but at the time of abnormal pressure rise, the closing plate can be closed by moving the closing plate with the high pressure sonic fluid itself, such as an explosion By moving the closing plate with the self-pressure that has risen in the above, the responsiveness can be increased and the flow path can be immediately shut off.

As a result, as compared with a case where a pressure rise due to an explosion or the like is detected by a sensor and converted into an electric signal or the like and the shut-off valve is closed, the response is quick and the dangerous substance is sealed without being discharged to the outside. can do.

According to the flow path shut-off device of the second aspect of the present invention, the closing seat is formed below or on the side of the main body, and the closing plate is normally separated from the closing seat upward or on the side. Since the holding tool is provided on the side, the flow path can be secured in normal times by holding the closing plate with the holding tool even if the closing seat is below or on the side. When the abnormal pressure rises, the flow path can be immediately shut off.

Further, according to the dangerous substance discharge preventing device of the third aspect of the present invention, a flow path shut-off device is provided in a discharge system of a container that generates a dangerous substance when discharged to the outside by combustion or reaction, while the container A non-return mechanism is provided in the supply system to prevent the backflow of dangerous substances, so that when an abnormal pressure rises, the flow path in the outflow direction can be immediately shut off by the flow path shutoff device, and the flow path in the supply system in the inflow direction is A check valve or other non-return mechanism can be provided to prevent back-flow, and dangerous substances can be contained without being discharged to the outside.

According to the dangerous substance discharge prevention device of the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the accumulator for alleviating the pressure rise through the rupturable plate that bursts due to the abnormal pressure rise is provided in the container, the dangerous substance discharge prevention device is provided. Can be prevented, and the accumulator can alleviate an increase in the pressure inside the container, so that the container can be kept more secure.

Further, according to the dangerous substance discharge prevention device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the blast attenuator for attenuating the blast is provided between the discharge system of the container and the flow path cutoff device, The influence can be further suppressed, and the safety can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view and an AA sectional view according to an embodiment of a flow path blocking device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view according to another embodiment of the flow path blocking device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram according to an embodiment of a dangerous substance discharge prevention device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Flow-path cut-off device 11 Main body part 12a Upper flange 12b Lower-end flange 13 Disk 13a Closure seat 14 Discharge-side piping 15 Guide plate 16 Stopper 17 Closing plate 17a Guide part 18 Flow path 20 Flow path cut-off device 21a Upper flange 21b Lower flange Character 22 Disk 22a Closure seat 23 Spring 30 Dangerous substance discharge prevention device 31 Sealed container (container) 32 Exclusion device 33 Check valve 34 Blast attenuator 34a Container body 34b Baffle plate 35 Accumulator 36 Burst plate 37 Control valve

Claims (5)

[Claims] An apparatus for shutting off a flow path when a flow rate increases due to an abnormal pressure rise, comprising: a main body having an obstruction seat provided at an outlet side of the flow path; A flow path shut-off device comprising: a closing plate that is held apart from a closing seat and is moved by a fluid when an abnormal pressure rises to close the closing seat. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the closing seat is formed below or on the side of the main body, and a holding tool for holding the closing plate upward or on the side of the closing plate in a normal state is provided. The flow path blocking device according to claim 1, wherein 3. A flow path shut-off device according to claim 1 or 2 is provided in a discharge system of a container in which a dangerous substance is generated when discharged to the outside due to combustion or reaction, while a backflow of a dangerous substance is supplied to a supply system of the container. A hazardous material discharge prevention device provided with a non-return mechanism for prevention. 4. The dangerous substance discharge prevention device according to claim 3, wherein an accumulator for alleviating the pressure rise is provided in the container through a rupturable plate that bursts due to an abnormal pressure rise. 5. The container discharge system according to claim 1, wherein
The hazardous material discharge prevention device according to claim 3 or 4, further comprising a blast attenuator that attenuates the blast with the flow path cutoff device.