JP2001220235A - Hybrid type carbide - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a suitable hybrid type carbide formable into a fixed uniform shape, having excellent functionality and being lightweight. SOLUTION: In this hybrid type carbide by using a combustible material or a material containing the combustible material as a starting raw material, mixing the starting raw material with an inorganic binder, kneading the mixture with water so as to disperse the inorganic binder into water as a medium, molding the dispersion into a fixed shape and firing the molded material, the hybrid type carbide is characterized in that a material to constitute a part of the starting raw material is a highly water-absorbing polymer of a resin material to adsorb water and to expand.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a hybrid type carbide. The present invention has the following technical background. Charcoal, a representative of carbides, has many uses since ancient times, such as fuels, adsorbents, humectants, heat absorbers, far infrared generators, soil amendments, organic composting promoters and water It is used as a purification material. The reason why charcoal (carbide) is effective as a water purification material is that it has a suitable porous property as a place (living space) for microorganisms. (Note that the carbide according to the present invention is a general term for ordinary charcoal containing almost no other than carbon components, and for inflammable materials containing incombustibles, carbonized products, that is, objects having at least a carbon component.) Thus, there was a potential demand for charcoal because of its many utility values.
However, conventionally, it has not been used in large quantities due to problems such as the cost of charcoal burning, the destruction of nature due to deforestation, and the handling properties.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When carbonizing organic combustibles as in conventional charcoal burning, the organic combustibles are pooled in a closed combustion space and gas components are burned. This method is, as it were, a closed-type carbonization furnace. By suppressing the supply of oxygen into the carbonization furnace, carbonized combustibles are prevented from further oxidizing to ash. In addition, because of the closed type, the temperature in the carbonization furnace can be maintained at a high temperature, and gas components can be suitably extracted from the inside of the organic combustible material on the wood core and burned, and the combustible material can be carbonized. .

[0003] However, the conventional method using a closed-type carbonization furnace is effective when producing charcoal from large combustibles such as wood, but granular combustibles completely burn out to ash. Therefore, granular waste (combustibles) such as sawdust
Could not be used as a raw material. Further, since the combustibles are once pooled in the carbonization furnace, the production efficiency is poor, and the cost cannot be reduced. Therefore, the conventional method was not suitable for industrially producing a large amount of carbide.
Further, since the combustibles are pooled to burn the gas components, the temperature inside the carbonization furnace becomes higher than necessary. For this reason, it is necessary to form the inner wall of the furnace with a heat-resistant material such as ceramic. For this reason, the cost of manufacturing and maintaining the carbonization furnace is increased, and as a result, the cost of charcoal is increased.

On the other hand, the present applicant has already proposed the following two background arts. First, as a basic background technology (JP-A-8-208209), a combustible or a substance containing a combustible is used as a starting material, and the surface of the starting material is coated with an inorganic binder such as bentonite and fired. A method for producing a carbide has been proposed in which a carbon component can be carbonized without being oxidized even when fired in an oxidizing atmosphere.
According to this method, oxidation is suppressed by covering the combustible component with the fine particles of the inorganic binder, so it is presumed that the particulate matter can be suitably carbonized. This effect
It is further improved when the combustible component is coated with a water-soluble saccharide in addition to the inorganic binder. In order to coat the surface of the raw material with the inorganic binder and the water-soluble saccharide, kneading may be performed using water as a medium.

Another background art (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-9567)
No. 6), a combustible material whose surface is coated with an inorganic binder or a material containing a combustible material is used as a raw material, and the raw material is supplied from a charging port side at the one end side of the furnace section to the other end inside the cylindrical furnace section. To the discharge port side, and ignite from the discharge port side in the direction opposite to the feed direction of the raw material, and in order to carbonize the combustible material at the discharge port side of the furnace section, the cylindrical furnace section is moved along the axis. And a helical feed blade disposed in the furnace section and configured to feed the raw material from an input port side at one end side of the furnace section to a discharge port side at the other end side. A furnace is proposed. According to this carbonization furnace, a carbide can be industrially efficiently produced from a raw material having combustibles, though it is an open-type carbonization furnace.

[0006] In the above background art, granular carbides can be industrially efficiently produced in large quantities. That is, carbide can be suitably obtained from the raw material that has burned out and turned into ash even in the conventional closed-type carbonization furnace, and the cost of the carbide can be reduced. Further, the carbide is a porous material having an extremely large surface area, and has high water absorption and high adsorption capacity. Furthermore, since the surface is coated with an inorganic binder (ceramics), it is a fire-retardant charcoal. Carbides having the above properties are completely new and can be called hybrid-type carbides or ceramic chars to distinguish them from conventional charcoal.
Described as "hybrid type carbide". In addition, since the hybrid type carbide is porous and fired, the broader concept is “porous fired body”
It can be said. Then, the granular hybrid-type carbides are preferably used in various applications such as an adsorbent and a soil improvement material in a dry state as generated by a carbonization furnace.

[0007]

However, carbides (hybrid type carbides) proposed in the above background art
Is basically a granular material equivalent to the size of the raw material itself such as sawdust and rice husk, and is not formed as a lump.
That is, the size of the raw material is limited, and a carbide of a desired size or a desired form cannot be suitably obtained. Further, in the background art, when the starting material is a single kind and has homogeneity, a qualitatively and morphologically equivalent carbide can be stably obtained. However, when the starting materials were mixed with miscellaneous substances such as household garbage, it was not possible to obtain a functionally uniform carbide having a uniform size and shape.

Further, a liquid material or a finely divided organic material (fine particles including granules) is kneaded as a main component, and a fluid raw material is calcined to obtain a desired particle size or lump, and a function such as water absorption. It was difficult to obtain a carbide having a high property.
This is for the following reasons. When a liquid material or a fine organic material including granules is used as a raw material, it is possible to obtain homogeneity. However, in order to sinter it as a lump of an appropriate size, a molded product having a predetermined size is required. Requires a step of molding. In order to mold the molded body, conventionally, an inorganic binder such as bentonite is mixed and kneaded with the starting material to form a clay. In this case, when the fluidity of the starting material is high, it is necessary to increase the amount (mixing ratio) of the inorganic binder or to dry the starting material. Therefore, the relative water content of the starting materials is reduced, and it is not possible to obtain a suitable porous material even when firing. In addition, after the molding step and the drying step of the molded body, the molded body is easily densified, and even if it is fired, it is not possible to obtain a suitable porous body. For this reason,
Suitable functions such as water absorption (water retention) performance and adsorption performance could not be obtained. If this is viewed from a different angle, the amount of the inorganic binder before firing is large and the relative amount of water is small, so that there is a limit to the weight reduction of the fired carbide.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid type carbide which is homogeneous, can be formed into a desired form, has high functionality, is lightweight and is suitable.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has the following arrangement to achieve the above object. That is, the hybrid type carbide according to the present invention uses a combustible substance or a substance containing a combustible substance as a starting material, and mixes the starting material with an inorganic binder and kneads it together with water, whereby the inorganic binder is made of water. Is dispersed as a medium, and molded into a predetermined form, and then fired in a hybrid type carbide,
The hybrid type carbide is characterized in that a substance constituting a part of the starting material is a super absorbent polymer of a resin material which expands by absorbing moisture. According to this, a lightweight and suitable hybrid type carbide can be obtained.

Further, at least a part of the starting material is
By using a fibrous material capable of holding a liquid material having fluidity in a sucked state, a suitable hybrid-type carbide having good morphology can be obtained. In addition, since the fibrous material is a wood fiber formed by crushing the wood material so as to grind the wood material, it is possible to obtain an inexpensive and suitable hybrid type carbide.

Further, at least a part of the starting material is
The use of a fluid material having fluidity and homogeneity, and a fibrous material that holds the fluid material in a sucked state can provide a suitable hybrid-type carbide having excellent homogeneity and morphology. In addition, since at least a part of the fluid material is obtained by grinding and liquefying solid matter such as garbage, it is possible to obtain an inexpensive and suitable hybrid-type carbide with high homogeneity. In addition, since at least a part of the fluid material is a material having fluidity from the beginning, such as waste oil, a homogeneous, inexpensive, and suitable hybrid-type carbide can be obtained.

Further, since the superabsorbent polymer has a low viscosity and a good releasability, a suitable hybrid type carbide having good morphology can be easily obtained.

Further, since at least a part of the inorganic binder is bentonite, the oxidation of the carbon component is suitably suppressed, and the hybrid type carbide can be obtained efficiently. In addition, since at least a part of the combustible material is a water-soluble saccharide, an inorganic binder such as bentonite is suitably dispersed to efficiently generate a hybrid-type carbide and is preferably blackened.

In addition, since at least a part of the combustibles is fine particles of a synthetic resin such as styrene foam, a suitable hybrid type carbide having a high porous functionality can be obtained.

Further, by mixing a water-soluble inorganic substance with the inorganic binder together with the inorganic binder and kneading it with water, the inorganic binder and the water-soluble inorganic substance are dispersed using water as a medium. Even if the amount of the inorganic binder such as bentonite is reduced, it is possible to obtain a suitable hybrid type carbide which is preferably fired and lightweight and rich in flame retardancy.

[0017]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Background Art) First, a hybrid type carbide which is a background art of the present invention will be described. The raw material which is suitably calcined and carbonized in a carbonizing furnace or the like described above as a background technology to become a hybrid type carbide is a combustible material or a material containing a combustible material as a starting material, and the surface of the starting material is inorganic caking such as bentonite. It is covered with a material.
In particular, those obtained by coating the combustible component with a water-soluble saccharide in addition to the inorganic binder are more preferably carbonized. In order to coat the inorganic binder and the water-soluble saccharide on the combustible material or the starting material containing the combustible material, the starting material is kneaded with the inorganic binder and the water-soluble saccharide using water as a medium by a known kneading apparatus. Good. This makes it possible, in particular, to use granular starting materials,
Preferably, it can be used as a raw material for a hybrid type carbide.

Further, the surface is coated with a powder of a combustible or a substance containing a combustible material coated with an inorganic binder, a mixture of particles and an inorganic aggregate, or the surface is coated with a coating of an inorganic binder and a water-soluble saccharide. Powder of a combustible material or a material containing a combustible material,
A mixture of particles and inorganic aggregate may be used as a raw material. A material obtained by firing such a raw material and carbonizing a combustible component can also be said to be a kind of hybrid type carbide.

The combustibles according to the present invention include coal, wood,
Bamboo, plastic, grain husks (buckwheat hulls, rice husks, etc.), grains, foods, their processing residues, and wastes made from these raw materials, such as solids and burnables, but especially coffee grounds, It is extremely effective to utilize organic waste discharged as powder, such as rice husk, sawdust, cereal grains, and granular solids. The term "combustibles" refers to a mixture of combustibles and non-combustibles, and the non-combustibles include glass, ceramics such as refractory, water, and the like.

As the inorganic binder, so-called clay binders such as refractory clay, bentonite and special clay are preferable, and the effect of suppressing the oxidation of bentonite is particularly large. Examples of the water-soluble saccharide include small sugars such as sucrose, maltose, and glucose, and monosaccharides. To add the water-soluble saccharide, sugar-containing substances such as waste confectionery and residues generated in the process of refining sugar may be added in addition to the sugar itself.

As the aggregate, powdered inorganic waste can be used. For example, foundry sand, sludge sand, brick,
Tile, concrete granules and powder, steelmaking blast furnace slag, casting noro, perlite, glass fiber, rock wool, clay, waste clay, incinerator ash, slag metal rust, etc.

In order to coat the raw material with an inorganic binder, when the raw material contains moisture such as coffee grounds, the raw material is not added with water but is added with moisture such as rice hulls. If not, water may be newly added and simply kneaded. That is, it suffices if water is used as a medium and mixed appropriately. Even if the film is thin, it has a sufficient oxidation suppressing effect. Also,
The coating of the water-soluble saccharide may be performed by dissolving the saccharide in water in advance, or when the water is sufficient, the saccharide powder may be kneaded. Water-soluble saccharides already contained in combustible materials such as food residues also cover the surface of the starting materials.

Further, since the water-soluble saccharide itself is a combustible substance, a mixture obtained by calcining a mixture of the water-soluble saccharide and the inorganic binder with water as a medium is also a kind of hybrid type carbide. It can be said. That is,
A blackened fired product (carbide) can be suitably obtained without mixing other combustibles.

According to the above-described raw materials, due to the effect of suppressing the oxidation of the inorganic binder, even granular combustibles can be suitably fired and carbonized without burning out. In addition, firing in an oxidizing atmosphere is possible, and industrial mass production is possible, as described in the section of Background Art. Further, the firing temperature can be suppressed to a low temperature of about 700 to 850 ° C. Since waste such as sawdust can be used as a raw material, the production cost can be significantly reduced.

The hybrid type carbide produced as described above is remarkably excellent in water absorption. This property can be more preferably obtained by charging the raw material containing water into the carbonization furnace without drying it and firing it. When the water-swelled inorganic binder and the water-containing combustible are rapidly dried and fired in the carbonization furnace, the water and the combustion gas component are spouted out as water vapor, and are preferably opened ( This is considered to form a fine porous material of a (through-hole) type. In addition, the water absorption can be further improved by firing the raw material from the kneaded state as described above without molding the raw material into a predetermined shape. This is because, when molded, fine particles cover the surface and are easily densified.
This is because the densification can be prevented. Since the porous body is suitably formed as described above, this hybrid type carbide is a highly functionalized carbide having extremely suitable adsorption performance and moisture absorption performance. In particular, in terms of adsorption capacity and the like, it has properties higher than those of conventional activated carbon.

According to the background art described above, a porous fired body (hybrid type carbide) of the same size as the granular raw material is used without molding, using a granular raw material of a predetermined size such as sawdust.
Was suitable for getting. On the other hand, the present invention aims to obtain a hybrid carbonization that is produced in a uniform and desired form, is rich in functionality, is lightweight, and is suitable, utilizing the above background technology as a basic principle. For this reason, as described below, even for a fluid raw material in which a liquid substance or a fine organic substance (a fine substance including a granular substance) is kneaded as a main component, an inorganic binder such as bentonite is reduced in weight. And it can be suitably fired.

(Embodiment) Preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail below. The hybrid type carbide according to the present invention is basically composed of a combustible material or a material containing a combustible material as a starting material, and mixing the starting material with an inorganic binder and kneading the mixture with water to obtain the inorganic binder. Are dispersed in water as a medium, molded into a predetermined form, and then calcined. This basic point (basic configuration of the present invention) is the same as the background art. Further, the characteristic configuration of the present invention is that, in addition to the basic configuration of the present invention, a substance constituting a part of the starting material is a superabsorbent polymer of a resin material which expands by absorbing moisture. It is a characteristic hybrid type carbide. According to this, a lightweight and suitable hybrid type carbide can be obtained.

The superabsorbent polymer is a polymer that absorbs water of several hundred times or more (for example, 800 times) of its own weight in contact with water and swells to form a hydrogel. There is. Synthetic polymer as raw material, vinyl alcohol / acrylate copolymer, polyacrylonitrile hydrolyzate, crosslinked polyacrylate, or modified polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharide as raw material, starch / acrylate It is made of a graft polymer or carboxymethyl polysaccharide as a raw material, and includes a carboxymethyl cellulose crosslinked product.

By using this superabsorbent polymer, a raw material containing a large amount of water can be suitably molded.
If it is squeezed, it can be molded into a predetermined shape, such as a ball having a diameter of about 15 mm, even when dripped. That is,
The superabsorbent polymer acts to solidify and hold water, and can improve the formability of the raw material before firing. Since the superabsorbent polymer swells (swells) and increases its volume several hundred times or more, the amount (volume) of the superabsorbent polymer is 1/1000 to 1/100 of the starting material in bulk ratio.
It may be about 1/100. Since the amount of use is extremely small, it can be used at low cost.

Since the superabsorbent polymer can suitably retain a large amount of water, that is, water, a porous, highly functional hybrid-type carbide can be suitably obtained. This is because the superabsorbent polymer absorbs and retains a large amount of water, thereby increasing the amount of raw material before firing. Then, when being fired, the retained water escapes. This is because the volume corresponding to the portion from which the moisture has escaped corresponds to the void constituting the porous material. Thereby, water absorption (water retention) is high,
A hybrid type carbide having high functionality such as adsorption performance can be suitably obtained. Taking this into account from another angle, the weight of the hybrid type carbide can be reduced.
The bulk specific gravity of the hybrid type carbide could be reduced to about 0.1 or less.

Further, the ordinary superabsorbent polymer exhibits viscosity when absorbing water, and also acts as a binder for molding the starting material. According to the properties of the superabsorbent polymer, it is possible to reduce the amount of bentonite (inorganic binder) used as a binder. That is, although the superabsorbent polymer naturally has no oxidation suppressing action, it can replace bentonite as a binder. For example, even if the bentonite is reduced to less than half or less than one third of the conventional one, the hybrid type carbide can be suitably fired.

Further, since the superabsorbent polymer has low viscosity and good releasability, a suitable hybrid-type carbide having good morphology can be easily obtained. The superabsorbent polymer is classified into a powdery form and a granular form. For example, the granular form has a low viscosity when absorbing water.
According to this low viscosity material, the releasability is good, so that when it is cut into a predetermined size or when it is rolled and molded into a ball shape, it sticks to the members of the manufacturing apparatus or mutually. Can be prevented. For this reason, the moldability is improved, it is possible to suitably cope with mass production by machining, and the production efficiency can be improved.

Further, in addition to the characteristic structure of the present invention, at least a part of the starting material is a fibrous material capable of holding a liquid material having fluidity in a sucked state. A good hybrid type carbide having good properties can be obtained. Further, in addition to the above-described configuration, the fiber material is a wood fiber that is fiberized from the wood material by crushing the wood material so as to grind it. A hybrid carbide can be obtained.

Further, in addition to the characteristic structure of the present invention, at least a part of the starting material is a fluid material having fluidity and homogeneity, and a fibrous material which holds the fluid material in a sucked state. In some cases, as described later, a suitable hybrid-type carbide having high homogeneity and morphology can be obtained. In addition to the above configuration, at least a part of the fluid material is liquefied by crushing solids such as garbage, as described below.
It is possible to obtain an inexpensive and suitable hybrid-type carbide rich in homogeneity. Further, in addition to the above configuration, at least a part of the fluid material is a material having fluidity from the beginning, such as waste oil, and as described later, a homogeneous, inexpensive, and suitable hybrid-type carbide is provided. Obtainable.
In addition, when the material having fluidity from the beginning is oily, a hybrid type carbide can be produced with high fuel efficiency by using its own energy (self-burning heat).

Further, since at least a part of the inorganic binder is bentonite, the oxidation of the carbon component is suitably suppressed, and the hybrid type carbide can be efficiently obtained in the oxidizing atmosphere. This point is the same as the principle of the prior art and the background art, and bentonite is suitable as the inorganic binder according to the present invention. Bentonite swells up to about twice its volume when containing water. Therefore,
If the sintering is performed rapidly, the water content disappears, and a suitable porous body is formed. That is, unlike clay, bentonite swells when it contains water, so that when it is dried, soot is generated. Further, it is considered that bentonite can retain a large amount of water, and the water becomes vapor when sintering and is discharged from the bentonite, thereby forming micropores. Therefore, the bentonite itself is suitably fired into a porous structure. Further, the bentonite acts as a binder for binding the fine particles by firing, and develops the structural strength of the hybrid carbonized portion. That is, if the blending ratio of bentonite is increased, a hard and strong hybrid carbonized portion can be obtained if other conditions are the same. The bentonite naturally acts as an adhesive (binder) for suitably molding the firing material before firing.

Since at least a part of the combustible material (starting material) is a water-soluble saccharide, it is possible to obtain a suitable hybrid type carbide which is suitably blackened and has high structural strength. This is because the water-soluble saccharide acts as a binder for keeping the particles of bentonite (a typical example of “inorganic binder”) adjacent to each other before baking, and the inorganic binder is suitably dispersed. It is thought that it also acts to make it work. This point is also the same as the principle of the prior art and the background art.

That is, since the water-soluble saccharide acts as an organic binder, it contributes to the reduction of bentonite and can reduce the weight of the hybrid type carbide.
In addition, as the organic binder, glue (starch), rice, wheat glue, dextrin, corn starch and the like can be used. The use of an organic binder such as a water-soluble saccharide together with a boric acid aqueous solution (a representative example of an “inorganic aqueous solution”) described below enables reduction of bentonite. This is because an organic binder can replace bentonite as a binder and an aqueous boric acid solution can replace bentonite as an oxidation inhibitor. However, an organic binder or an aqueous boric acid solution cannot satisfy the function of improving the structural strength of bentonite. Therefore, when a predetermined structural strength is required, the blending ratio of bentonite may be selectively set.

Further, since at least a part of the combustible material is fine particles of a synthetic resin such as styrene foam, a suitable hybrid-type carbide having a high porous functionality can be obtained. In other words, the fine particles of the synthetic resin are gasified and burned during firing, and the hybrid type carbide can be formed into a porous material having suitable functionality by blowing out the gas and disappearing by burning. Thereby, the weight reduction of the hybrid type carbide can also be realized. The bulk specific gravity of the hybrid type carbide could be reduced to about 0.1 or less.
And, depending on the energy (self-burning heat) of the self,
It can be manufactured with high fuel efficiency.

As described above, the synthetic resin acting as a heat source is not limited to the fine particles of styrofoam, and it is also possible to use the crushed particles of PET bottles that can be obtained as waste similarly to styrofoam. . It is preferable that the particle size of the synthetic resin be reduced to about 1 mm or less because mixing and kneading can be easily performed. Further, in order to obtain styrene foam fine particles from styrofoam waste, the crushing device 10 described above is used.
(See FIG. 1) can be suitably used.

The combustibles constituting a part of the starting material as an energy source, that is, fuel materials include the above-mentioned oils such as waste oil and waste paint. Even those containing these oil qualities, if suitably absorbed by the fibrous material and used as a part of the starting material as described above, mainly act suitably as a fuel material to obtain a suitable hybrid type carbide. Can be.

Further, by mixing a water-soluble inorganic substance with the inorganic binder together with the starting material and kneading with water, the inorganic binder and the water-soluble inorganic substance are dispersed with water as a medium. Even if the amount of the inorganic binder such as bentonite is reduced, it is possible to obtain a suitable hybrid type carbide which is preferably fired and lightweight and rich in flame retardancy. This is because a water-soluble inorganic substance typified by an aqueous boric acid solution can replace bentonite (a typical example of an “inorganic binder”) as an oxidation inhibitor. As described above, the structural strength of the hybrid type carbide can be improved by mixing a large amount of bentonite.

(Related Art) Next, a related art according to the present invention will be described. According to a first related technique of the present invention, in addition to the basic structure of the present invention, except for the structure of the superabsorbent polymer, the wood material is crushed so as to be crushed so as to be fiberized from the wood material. The wood fiber comprises at least a part of the starting material.

This wood fiber is obtained and used, for example, as described below. That is, by feeding the object to be crushed into a narrowly provided gap between the pair of rotating bodies, a crushing device that crushes the object to be crushed by the crushing action generated by the pair of rotating bodies, and put the wood material, A wood fiber fiberized from the wood material can be obtained. And that wood fiber,
Used as at least a part of the starting material.

One embodiment of the crushing apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view conceptually showing one embodiment of a crushing device according to the present invention. The crushing device 10 includes two rotating shafts 12, 12 that are arranged in parallel and rotate about axes 11, 11, and the two rotating shafts 1.
While crushing the material to be crushed in each of 2 and 12, the axis 11,
Spiral helical blades 14, 1 that feed in the discharge direction E along 11
4 are provided. Then, on the outer peripheral edge of the spiral blades 14, 14, the material to be crushed is placed on the other rotary shaft 12 and the spiral blade 14.
A plurality of protrusions 16 are provided at predetermined intervals to protrude in a direction intersecting the surface of the spiral blade 14 and / or in a radial direction about the axis 11 so as to be crushed.

That is, the biaxial crushing apparatus 10 of this embodiment
According to this, the two-axis helical blades 14 are in a zigzag manner as shown in FIG. Such a crossed configuration forms a narrow gap between the pair of rotating bodies (having the spiral blade 14 and the protruding portion 16) as described above. This crushing device 10
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a two-axis rotary shaft 1 is driven by a rotary drive mechanism including an electric motor or an engine, which is a drive unit, not shown, so that the wooden material to be crushed is rolled in as shown in FIG.
What is necessary is just to rotate 2 and 12 in the opposite direction (arrow F, R). The re-approach distance between the projection 16 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 12 or the surface of the spiral blade 14, which is the distance between the pair of rotating bodies, is preferably, for example, about 15 mm or less, and preferably 7 to 10 mm. It should just be set to about. Needless to say, the interval may be appropriately determined in accordance with the properties of the material to be ground.

Further, since the distance between the pair of rotating bodies is set as described above, the size of the material to be crushed may be adjusted to a predetermined size that can be suitably accommodated. desirable. For example, a wood material which is a crushed material adjusted to a chip shape, a size corresponding to the chip shape or a size smaller than the chip shape may be charged. According to this, the wood material is crushed so as to be extremely suitably ground, and a uniform wood fiber can be obtained. For example, in the case where thinned wood is used as a raw material, the volume can be increased to about two to three times as much as the original volume of the wood by forming the fiber.

The crushing by the crushing device 10 is not mainly performed by cutting, but is performed by a crushing action caused by the crushed objects rubbing each other strongly.
For this reason, the chip-like wood material can be suitably crushed into a long fiber shape such as cotton, and wear of the crushing device itself can be suppressed. For this reason, according to the crushing device 10,
It is possible to efficiently crush the wood material into a fibrous form efficiently, reduce the maintenance cost, and improve the durability of the device itself. In addition, the crushing and mixing of the carbide and the wood material are performed by a two-axis spiral blade 1 for feeding the carbide and the wood material.
Dust generation is prevented because the inside of the cylindrical body 20 in which the components 4 and 14 are built.

By using the above-mentioned wood fiber as at least a part of the starting material, the moldability of the kneaded material before firing and the shape retention after molding are improved.
Improving the formability and shape retention means that the raw material before firing becomes an appropriate clay and becomes in a state in which it can be easily molded. Further, according to this wood fiber, it is possible to absorb and hold a fluid material having fluidity described later. That is, the fluid material adheres to the fiber surface of the wood fiber due to its viscosity, and is held by the wood fiber. Moreover, since the wood fiber is provided in a state where the fiber is entangled like cotton, the flowable material is held by the wood fiber also by the action of surface tension and capillary action.

Representative of the above-mentioned fluid materials is water, and it goes without saying that other liquid or liquid materials are included.
In particular, water, that is, a large amount of water can be suitably held by the wood fiber, so that a porous, highly functional hybrid carbide can be suitably obtained. This is because wood fibers absorb and retain a large amount of water, and as a result, the amount of raw materials before firing can be increased. And, when fired, the retained water escapes, and the volume corresponding to the part where the moisture escaped is
This is because it corresponds to a void constituting a porous material. This makes it possible to suitably obtain a hybrid type carbide having high water absorption (water retention) and high functionality such as adsorption performance. Taking this into account from another angle, the weight of the hybrid type carbide can be reduced.

When the above-mentioned raw material is fired to obtain a hybrid type carbide, drying and firing proceed rapidly in a state where a large amount of water is present in the raw material. No cracks.
Moreover, according to the wood fiber, structural strength can be suitably obtained by the structure in which the fiber is entangled.
Further, since the structural strength can be suitably obtained by the wood fiber, the amount of the binder such as bentonite can be reduced, and the weight of the hybrid carbide can be reduced.
For example, the same structural strength can be obtained by reducing the amount of bentonite to less than half or less than one third of the amount mixed with the raw material when the conventional hybrid type carbide is calcined. Therefore, by using the wood fiber as described above, it is possible to produce a homogeneous and desired form, and also to obtain a lightweight and hybrid hybrid carbide with high functionality.

It is needless to say that the above-mentioned advantageous effects can be obtained not only with wood fibers but also with other fibers. However, there is a remarkable advantage that wood fiber can be mass-produced from wood material and can be used at a low cost, as in the above-mentioned breaking device. What is wood material?
It is not particularly limited as long as it has a cellulose component and is crushed as described above and finally becomes fibrous as described above. That is, it includes everything that can be finally made into fibrous materials, such as thinned wood, waste wood, root extraction, and bamboo. Conventionally, thinned wood has been treated as waste that has no use.
In the present invention, those can be suitably used as effective resources. In addition, since the carbon component can be fixed as a hybrid type carbide, it is also a measure against global warming due to carbon dioxide.

By the way, a typical example of a fiber having the same function as the above-described wood fiber is paper, for example, old paper such as newspaper. Fiber provided from waste paper, for example, can suitably absorb oil liquid such as waste oil,
It can be suitably used when obtaining a hybrid type carbide using an oil liquid as a part of the starting material. In general, fibers having a length of about 10 mm or less are easy to knead and easy to use. The thickness of the fiber is usually about 0.1 mm or less, but any fiber may be used as long as the raw material before firing can be suitably molded. By the way, even if the material of the fiber is a chemical fiber, a natural fiber, or an inorganic fiber, a predetermined effect can be obtained. In other words, if the fibrous material is an organic substance (combustible substance), through pores (communication pores) are suitably formed by firing. Therefore, it is possible to form a suitable porous material for a microorganism, and to improve water absorption. In addition, even if the fibrous material is inorganic, the continuous vent can be suitably formed along the fiber, and the water absorption can be improved.

A second related technique of the present invention is that, in addition to the basic constitution of the present invention, at least a part of the starting material has fluidity and homogeneity, It is a hybrid type carbide that is a fiber material that holds the material in a sucked state. According to this, a suitable hybrid-type carbide having good homogeneity and morphology can be obtained. In addition, the above-mentioned "suitable hybrid type carbide" means that it can be produced in a homogeneous and desired form,
It means a lightweight hybrid type carbide with high functionality.

[0054] In addition to the second related technique, as described above, the fibrous material is a wood fiber which is made into a fiber from the wood material by crushing the wood material so as to grind it. An inexpensive and suitable hybrid type carbide can be obtained. Further, in addition to the second related technique, at least a part of the fluidized material is obtained by crushing solid matter such as garbage and liquefied, so that a mixture of miscellaneous materials is used as a starting material. However, it is possible to obtain an inexpensive and suitable hybrid type carbide which is rich in homogeneity.

By the way, a combustible substance or a substance containing a combustible substance as a starting material is an organic substance mainly having a carbon component as exemplified in the background art, and is not particularly limited. The fluid material is a concept including a liquid such as water or a mushy sol containing a large amount of water (liquid). For example, various substances such as shochu waste liquid, sol-like waste, and water left over from household waste (remaining rice) are ground and solified to a predetermined concentration.
The fluidized material containing the carbonized organic material is a fluid organic material, which can produce a suitable hybrid-type carbide. Fluid materials are materials that are easily homogenized due to their fluidity. In order to obtain a homogeneous material from a variety of solid materials, it is effective to grind the material as described above to make it fine, and to add water when the water content is insufficient, and to make it fluid. According to this, a large amount of homogeneous material can be obtained, and a hybrid carbide can be stably produced in a large amount by using the material as a starting material.

Further, in addition to the second related technique, at least a part of the fluid material is a material having fluidity from the beginning, such as waste oil, so that the waste can be suitably used to improve homogeneity. It is possible to obtain a rich, inexpensive and suitable hybrid type carbide. In addition, if the material having fluidity from the beginning is oily, the energy (self-combustion heat) of its own
A hybrid type carbide can be manufactured with high fuel efficiency. In addition to the edible waste oil, mechanical waste oil can be suitably used as the waste oil. Also, at the time of firing, the oil quality easily emits soot, but if air is supplied so as to supply oxygen sufficiently, it is possible to suppress the generation of soot at high temperatures and burn it. is there.

A third related technique according to the present invention is as follows:
A hybrid-type carbide comprising a combustible substance or a substance containing a combustible substance as a starting material, immersing the starting material in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic substance, impregnating the water-soluble inorganic substance, and calcining. . According to this, bentonite
(Representative example of inorganic binder) is not required, or the amount of bentonite is reduced, and a hybrid type carbide can be suitably obtained in an oxidizing atmosphere. This is because a water-soluble inorganic substance represented by a boric acid aqueous solution suitably acts as an oxidation inhibitor. In addition, the present invention does not limit the mixing of other mixtures in addition to the impregnation of the starting material with the water-soluble inorganic substance. For example, a water-soluble organic substance (for example, a water-soluble saccharide) may be mixed with an aqueous solution in which a starting material is impregnated with a water-soluble inorganic substance, and the starting material may be impregnated with the water-soluble organic substance.

The size of the hybrid type carbide thus formed is not limited because it is formed by impregnation with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic substance. Therefore, even wood such as logs that retain their original shape can be carbonized by firing in an oxidizing atmosphere. In other words, by impregnating a water-soluble inorganic substance such as boric acid, the material to be carbonized can be calcined while keeping its original form.
For example, cardboard (paper) is carbonized while keeping its form in an oxidizing atmosphere. Because it can keep its original form in this way,
It is also possible to obtain a hybrid-type carbide having heat retention in shape. That is, by blending a water-soluble inorganic substance such as boric acid, it is possible to prevent decarburization during firing of the hybrid type carbide, and it is possible to suitably produce a black surface. In addition, according to the boric acid aqueous solution, the firing temperature can be lowered.

Further, in addition to the third related technique, the starting material is formed of a chip-shaped or fibrous wood material or the like having a size smaller than a predetermined size, so that the impregnation with a water-soluble inorganic substance is promoted. It is possible to improve the production efficiency of a suitable hybrid type carbide. Especially fibrous wood,
For example, according to the above-mentioned wood fiber, the boric acid aqueous solution can be impregnated in a very short time. For example, in a sixth experimental example of a related technique described later, impregnation can be suitably performed in one minute. As the aqueous solution of the water-soluble inorganic substance, a saturated aqueous solution can efficiently impregnate the raw material.

When wood fiber was impregnated with a boric acid aqueous solution, which is a typical example of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic substance, and was appropriately molded and fired, it was suitably fired in the molded shape. Also, in the case of the raw material formed in a chip shape, when the raw material was impregnated with a boric acid aqueous solution, and was appropriately stacked and fired collectively, it was preferably fired in the stacked shape.
This is because the boric acid aqueous solution acts in the same manner as when used as a glaze, and the formability by firing is developed.

In addition, since the water-soluble inorganic substance is boric acid, an inexpensive and lightweight suitable hybrid type carbide can be obtained. In particular, boric acid is the main component of the glaze,
It has good availability, can suitably reduce the firing temperature (melting point), and can suitably perform surface blackening. Since boric acid can be used by dissolving it in water, it can be uniformly mixed with the raw material, and a homogeneous fired product can be obtained. Other water-soluble inorganic substances include sodium silicate and caustic soda.

Further, a flammable substance or a substance containing a flammable substance is used as a starting material, and the starting material is immersed in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic substance, impregnated with the water-soluble inorganic substance, and then calcined to produce a hybrid type carbide. In the method, drying the starting material before immersion, adjusting the pressure of the water-soluble inorganic substance by pressurization or decompression, or replacing the water-soluble inorganic substance with the temperature by changing the temperature of the water-soluble inorganic substance. By promoting the impregnation, the production efficiency of a suitable hybrid type carbide can be improved.

As described above, the hybrid type carbide baked after impregnation with a boric acid aqueous solution, which is a typical example of the aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic substance, has boric acid uniformly dispersed therein.
It became a heat-insulating, in other words, a heat-retaining carbide. Further, it became a flame-retardant carbide due to the oxidation suppressing action of boric acid. Therefore, this hybrid carbide can be suitably used, for example, as a heat insulating material for building materials. Since it is particularly lightweight, it is also suitable as a heat insulating material to be sprayed and used on the ceiling. Further, since it is a carbide, it also has an effect of absorbing electromagnetic waves, and is effective as a material for building structural materials.

The hybrid-type carbide having the basic structure of the present invention described above can be produced by a common manufacturing process, and will be described in detail below. First, a basic manufacturing process is a kneading process of kneading a starting material and an inorganic binder such as bentonite with water as a medium to obtain a firing material, and molding the firing material into a predetermined shape. A molding step of obtaining a molded body for firing, a drying step of rapidly drying the surface of the molded body for firing, and firing the molded body for firing dried in the drying step to form a hybrid type carbide. And a sintering step. Note that the drying step and the baking step may be performed continuously without a break, or may be performed after a predetermined period of time by separate facilities.

The molding step of the molded body may be, for example, a method of obtaining a ball-shaped molded body such as a sphere or the like as described in Examples described later, or a method of obtaining a rod-shaped molded body by extrusion molding. Can be In addition, the ball shape means the whole shape independent of a granular shape including a spherical shape. In addition,
According to the extrusion molding, the through-hole can be easily molded in the bar-shaped longitudinal direction. In addition, according to the extrusion molding, unlike the case where the molding is performed by compacting using a mold, the molding can be performed in a state where the surface is not further densified, and a suitable porous material can be obtained. Further, in addition to the above-described molding step, by providing a rupture step of fracturing the molded article, the inside of the porous hybrid carbide (porous fired body) is suitably exposed as a fracture surface. be able to. This allows
Functions such as water absorption can be improved. Here, the term “break” is not limited to simply dividing, but in a broad sense, includes the concept of cutting in order to cut to a predetermined length.

The starting material is not limited to the background art and the concept described in the above description. For example, the starting material may be a fine substance including granules and / or a water-soluble substance, and may include all organic and inorganic substances. May be included. The organic substance is a combustible substance having a carbon component and capable of being carbonized. For example, by blending an organic substance such as sawdust or a water-soluble organic substance, a hybrid-type carbide as a porous fired body can be suitably produced. In addition, the fine substance includes a form such as a granular form, a granular form, a fine particle form, and a short fiber form. It is a product that is crushed and divided (refined). That is, it is only necessary that the size is such that it can be suitably molded into a predetermined shape by extrusion molding or the like after kneading. Needless to say, the kneading machine may have a function of miniaturizing the raw material.

The above-mentioned concept of fine particles including particles and / or water-soluble substances includes the case of only organic substances or the case of only inorganic substances. be able to. That is, when the mixture (combination) ratio of the organic substance is large, the porous fired body tends to become brittle, but the number of carbonized parts is increased, suitable porous material can be obtained, and the water absorption can be improved. Conversely, when the mixing (blending) ratio of the inorganic substance is large, the weight becomes heavy, the sintering power is improved, and the strength of the porous fired body is increased, but the carbonized portion is reduced and the porous surface area tends to be reduced. .

There are various types of organic substances that can be used as described in the background art, and wood scrap, carbohydrate, grass, vegetable, fruit or vegetable scrap, food processing wastewater, and the like are suitably blended. be able to. In addition, since the organic substance contains a water-soluble saccharide, as described above, bentonite is suitably dispersed, a homogeneous carbide is efficiently produced, and blackening can be suitably performed. Water-soluble saccharides are often contained in food waste such as confectionery, and according to a raw material containing a large proportion of water-soluble saccharides by mixing them, the hardness of the hybrid type carbide can be increased.

Various inorganic substances can be used as described in the background art, but sludge, clinker, coal ash, fly ash, crushed glass particles, river sand, glass fiber, rock wool and the like are preferably compounded. Can be.

After molding the ball-shaped or rod-shaped molded body, the surface of the molded body is rapidly dried by forming a shell-like portion in the surface layer in advance. It should be noted that rapidly drying the surface includes forming the surface layer into a hard shell shape by simultaneously firing the surface and drying it rapidly. To quickly dry the surface of the molded body in this way, immediately after the molded body is formed, the molded body may be immediately put into a high-temperature atmosphere or exposed to a burner flame.

Thus, it is possible to prevent the surface of the ball-shaped or rod-shaped molded body from cracking at the time of rapid heating for baking after rapidly drying the surface. Also,
At the time of the rapid heating, a soot is suitably formed in the interior which has been swollen by the moisture as the moisture evaporates. Then, by firing following the heating, a suitable porous hybrid-type carbide can be produced. That is, by rapidly drying or rapidly sintering the surface of the molded body in this manner, a hybrid type carbide having dimensions close to the original shape of the molded body can be formed. In addition, after the outer surface is hardened and the outer shape is determined, the inside is dried and fired in that state, so that the center of the molded body can be formed coarser, and a continuous vent hole is formed inside the hybrid type carbide. It can be suitably formed.

The drying, heating and firing described above may be performed continuously or intermittently. Also,
The speed at which the surface is rapidly dried may be about 10 seconds if a high-temperature atmosphere using a burner or the like is used, but is not limited thereto. That is, the surface may be dried in a state where sufficient moisture is present inside. On the other hand, if fired after natural drying, the whole shrinks and a hard hybrid type carbide can be formed, but the porous part decreases,
The water absorption is reduced. However, even in this case, a certain degree of porosity can be formed, and when a fractured surface is formed, water can be suitably absorbed from the fractured surface.

The size (diameter or length at the time of production) of the ball or rod affects the productivity. In particular, when the diameter is small, the firing time is short, and when the diameter is large, the firing time is extremely long. This is because the surface layer portion of the ball-shaped or rod-shaped body becomes porous when fired and becomes a heat-insulating layer, so that the time required for heat to reach the inside increases. For this reason, when the diameter is large, the productivity is reduced and the surface is decarburized, and the surface becomes gray instead of black. Therefore, the size of the rod may be appropriately set depending on the conditions of use, production equipment, and the like, but usually, about 20 mm is preferable. In the case of a ball shape, the diameter is preferably about 15 mm.

Further, when a through hole is formed in the longitudinal direction of the rod-like body and is formed in a cylindrical shape, the surface area can be suitably enlarged without decreasing the strength, and the performance can be improved. In addition, the shape can be easily dried and fired, so that productivity can be improved. According to the extrusion molding machine, the rod-shaped body can be easily and efficiently formed into a cylindrical shape.

Various materials can be selected as the organic substance and the inorganic substance as shown below. For example,
Sludge can be suitably treated by including sawdust as the organic matter and sludge as the organic matter and the inorganic matter. Sludge contains fine organic substances and fine inorganic substances, and is a suitable raw material for a porous fired body. Further, by including sawdust as the organic substance and clinker and / or coal ash discharged from the coal-fired power plant as the inorganic substance, waste from the coal-fired power plant can be suitably treated. The clinker is formed in a granular material having a variation in size, and the granular material itself is porous, which is a suitable raw material for a porous fired body. Further, by including sawdust as the organic substance and fly ash discharged from the steelworks as the inorganic substance, it is possible to preferably treat the wastes of the steelworks. Sludge, clinker, coal ash, and fly ash are wastes, and suitable porous fired bodies can be obtained at low cost.

Next, applications of the above-described hybrid type carbide will be described. Basically, it can be used in various applications instead of conventional charcoal. For example, the hybrid-type carbide formed into a ball shape according to the present invention can be suitably used as a soil improvement material for horticulture or a material for promoting maturation of compost. In addition, the hybrid type carbide according to the present invention is crushed to be a granular material including a carbonized portion, so that it can be suitably used instead of granular charcoal. That is, according to the present invention, even if a fine material smaller than a granular material is used, a hybrid-type carbide can be suitably obtained, and may be used in a shape such as a molded ball shape or a rod shape, It may be used in the form of granules or powder by crushing or grinding.

Next, a carbonization system for producing the above-described hybrid type carbide will be briefly described. The carbonization equipment system can be roughly classified into a mixer and a kneader for mixing and kneading starting materials and the like to obtain a raw material for firing, a molding machine for molding the material for firing, a dryer for rapidly drying, and a firing machine. And a firing furnace. The mixing machine may be a fiber material such as wood fiber described above, various solid organic combustible materials, a fluid material obtained from garbage, a superabsorbent polymer, a liquid such as water, bentonite, a water-soluble organic material or a water-soluble material. Raw materials that are selectively combined as appropriate from among the inorganic materials and the like are mixed. The kneader kneads the raw materials mixed by the mixer so as to become a moldable clay-like firing material. As the molding machine, for example, a granulating machine that cuts a firing material into a predetermined size and shapes it into a ball shape (granular shape) while rolling it with a vibrator or the like, or an extrusion molding machine that forms a rod shape or a plate shape by continuous extrusion. Etc. can be used. According to these molding machines, a molded body before firing can be continuously and suitably formed from the firing material. The quick dryer may use, for example, a flame of a burner or may use waste heat generated from a baking furnace in a later process. Further, as described above, the firing furnace may be an open type furnace capable of continuously firing.

The mixer is provided with a supply device for appropriately supplying raw materials, and the baking furnace is provided with a take-out device for appropriately removing the burned hybrid type carbide. Needless to say, a device for performing the operation is provided. Further, in the above carbonization apparatus system, all the steps of baking from mixing may be performed continuously, for example, a place from mixing to a step of rapidly drying the surface of the molded body in a shell shape, and a place for baking. May be separated. In addition, if the surface of a molded object is suitably dried, it can be easily conveyed. If the shape of the molded body is spherical (ball shape), it can be efficiently and suitably conveyed. As described above, if the carbonization apparatus system is separated, it is possible to provide many places for producing a molded body of a raw material, and to centralize a firing furnace for firing the molded body in one place. This makes it possible to increase the operation rate of the firing furnace (carbonization furnace) that requires continuous operation at a high temperature, and it is possible to centrally and efficiently perform management related to combustion. Therefore, productivity can be improved and a hybrid type carbide having a predetermined function can be obtained at low cost.

[0079]

EXAMPLES Next, specific examples of the production of the hybrid type carbide according to the present invention will be described below. (First Example) A comparative test was conducted on the bulk specific gravity of the hybrid carbide when the superabsorbent polymer powder was used (mixed) and when it was not used. The mixing ratio (volume ratio)
It was as follows. Test A: Wood fiber 10 parts Bentonite 1 part Super absorbent polymer 0.05 part Water 12 parts (Test result) Bulk specific gravity 0.1 Test B: Wood fiber 10 parts Bentonite 1 part Super absorbent polymer 0 part Water 8 parts ( (Test result) Bulk specific gravity 0.15 The difference in the water content in the above
This is because when it was made into a part, it became muddy and could not be molded. (That is, in the case of B, the amount of water that can be molded was reduced to 8 parts.) When the above compounded materials were sufficiently kneaded with a kneader, tests A and B were performed.
In both cases, a moldable clay-like material was obtained.
This was molded into a ball having a diameter of about 15 mm, and fired in a rotary kiln in the same manner as in the above example. According to this, the bulk specific gravity of the hybrid type carbide obtained in the test A was a light one that could not be obtained by a molded product.

(Second Embodiment) It is determined whether an organic liquid such as a shochu waste liquid can be molded even in a state of high moisture (high moisture) by adding a superabsorbent polymer, and a lightweight carbide can be obtained. The test was conducted at the compounding ratio. Wood fiber 10 parts Shochu waste liquid 12 parts Bentonite 1.5 parts Superabsorbent polymer 0.05 parts When the above ingredients are sufficiently kneaded with a kneader, a (clay-like) mixture that can be molded even in a high moisture state is obtained. Was completed. This is molded into a ball with a diameter of about 15 mm,
It was fired in a rotary kiln in the same manner as in the above example. According to this, there is no crack on the surface and the bulk specific gravity is about 0.1.
0 hybrid type carbide (a porous carbide was obtained.

Next, an experimental example of the related art will be described below. (First experimental example of related technology) Thinned cedar wood is about 1cm thick
The wood chips were made with a fiber processing machine to produce cotton-like fibers (wood fibers). The amount of the shochu waste liquid impregnated into the wood fiber and used was tested by the following compounding ratio (volume ratio). Wood fiber 10 parts Shochu liquid 8 parts Styrofoam powder 2 parts Bentonite 2 parts When the above blended materials were sufficiently kneaded with a kneader, a clay-like moldable material was obtained despite high moisture content. This was molded into a ball having a diameter of about 15 mm, dried rapidly, and fired in an open rotary kiln. Specifically, the surface of the molded body was rapidly dried by irradiating a flame of a burner to the ball-shaped molded body for about 10 seconds, and baked in an oxidizing atmosphere at about 850 ° C. for about 6 minutes. According to this, a crack was not generated on the surface, and a very light, porous, and extremely high water-absorbing (water-retaining) hybrid-type carbide was obtained. The bulk specific gravity of this hybrid type carbide was about 0.10.

(Second Experimental Example of Related Art) Whether the woody fiber and the food waste can be easily used as a light carbide by combining and mixing the wood fiber and the food waste is determined by the following compounding ratio (volume ratio). Tested. Wood fiber 10 parts Apple juice residue 5 parts Banana waste 5 parts Cabbage waste 5 parts Bentonite 3 parts When the above blended materials were sufficiently kneaded with a kneader, a moldable clay-like material was obtained. This is about 15
It was molded into a ball having a diameter of 2 mm and fired in a rotary kiln in the same manner as in the third embodiment. According to this, a crack was not generated on the surface, and a light and slightly hard hybrid type carbide was obtained. The bulk specific gravity of the hybrid carbide was about 0.15.

(Third Experimental Example of Related Art) Whether a fluid material such as oil can be carbonized was tested by the following compounding ratio. Waste paper 3 parts Edible waste oil 1 part Bentonite 1 part Sugar 0.05 parts Water 4 parts The above ingredients are thoroughly kneaded with a kneading machine, and this is about 15 in diameter.
It was molded into a ball having a diameter of 2 mm, dried, and fired in a gas furnace in an oxidizing atmosphere at 900 ° C. for 6 minutes. As a result, a light carbide having a bulk specific gravity of 0.20 could be obtained.

(Fourth Experimental Example of Related Art) It was tested by the following mixing ratio whether or not a large amount of scattered paint collection waste liquid generated during coating could be carbonized. Wood fiber 5 parts Coating waste liquid 3 parts Bentonite 1.5 parts Sugar 0.1 parts Water 5 parts The above ingredients are kneaded sufficiently with a kneading machine, and this is about 15 in diameter.
It was molded into a ball having a diameter of 2 mm, dried, and fired in a gas furnace in an oxidizing atmosphere at 900 ° C. for 6 minutes. As a result, it was possible to obtain a light carbide having good bulk specific gravity of 0.25 and good water absorbability.

(Fifth Experimental Example of Related Technology) A crushed chipping material having a thickness of about 1 cm was dried from a thinned cedar material, immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of boric acid for 24 hours, dehydrated, and fired in an open rotary kiln. . This resulted in a somewhat hard hybrid carbide. In addition, unlike the conventional charcoal, this carbide was a flame-retardant carbide.

(Sixth Experimental Example of Related Technology) Wood thickness about 1
When the crushed chip material of about cm is finely divided into fibers by a fiber processing machine and immersed in a mixture of a boric acid saturated aqueous solution and a bentonite aqueous solution for 1 minute, it is dehydrated and burned with an open rotary kiln. A hard hybrid carbide was obtained in a short time. As described above, the present invention has been described variously with reference to preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and it is needless to say that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.

[0087]

According to the present invention, the use of a superabsorbent polymer, a uniform and desired form can be obtained, and a highly functional, lightweight and suitable hybrid type carbide can be obtained. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view conceptually illustrating an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Crusher 11 Axis 12 Rotation axis 14 Helical blade 16 Projection part 20 Cylindrical body

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C04B 38/00 304 C10B 53/00 Z 4H012 C10B 53/00 53/02 57/04 101 C04B 35/52 B 53/02 B09B 3/00 ZAB 57/04 101 303M 303Z 303E F-term (reference) 4D004 AA01 AA03 AA07 AA50 BA06 BA10 CA04 CA15 CA30 CB09 CB13 CC11 4G019 GA04 4G032 AA12 AA13 AA30 AA57CA00 CA04A04 CA054 AA64D AB05D AC01D AC02D AC14D AC17D AC39D AE06D BA16 BA25 FA03 FA25 4H012 HA00 HB00 JA01 JA02 JA05 NA01

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A combustible material or a substance containing a combustible material is used as a starting material, and an inorganic binder is mixed with the starting material and kneaded with water, whereby the inorganic binder is dispersed using water as a medium, Then, in a hybrid type carbide formed after being molded into a predetermined form and then calcined, a material constituting a part of the starting material is a super absorbent polymer of a resin material which expands by absorbing moisture. Hybrid type carbide. 2. The hybrid type carbide according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the starting material is a fibrous material capable of holding a liquid material having fluidity in a sucked state. 3. The hybrid-type carbide according to claim 2, wherein the fibrous material is a wood fiber formed by crushing the wood material so as to grind the wood material. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the starting material is a fluid material having fluidity and homogeneity, and a fiber material for holding the fluid material in a sucked state. 4. The hybrid type carbide according to 2 or 3. 5. The hybrid type carbide according to claim 4, wherein at least a part of said fluidized material is a solid material such as garbage crushed and liquefied. 6. The hybrid carbide according to claim 4, wherein at least a part of the fluid material is a material having fluidity from the beginning, such as waste oil. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent polymer has low viscosity and good releasability.
7. The hybrid carbide according to 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. 8. At least a part of the inorganic binder,
The bentonite is characterized in that it is bentonite.
The hybrid carbide according to 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the combustible material is a water-soluble saccharide.
The hybrid carbide according to 5, 6, 7 or 8. 10. The hybrid according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the combustible material is fine particles of a synthetic resin such as styrene foam. Type carbide. 11. A water-soluble inorganic substance is mixed with the starting material together with the inorganic binder and kneaded with water, so that the inorganic binder and the water-soluble inorganic substance are dispersed using water as a medium. Claims 1, 2, 3,
The hybrid-type carbide according to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.