JP2001214180A - Light oil composition excellent in low-temperature characteristics and process for producing the same - Google Patents
Light oil composition excellent in low-temperature characteristics and process for producing the sameInfo
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- JP2001214180A JP2001214180A JP2000028102A JP2000028102A JP2001214180A JP 2001214180 A JP2001214180 A JP 2001214180A JP 2000028102 A JP2000028102 A JP 2000028102A JP 2000028102 A JP2000028102 A JP 2000028102A JP 2001214180 A JP2001214180 A JP 2001214180A
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、自動車用ディーゼル燃
料などに用いられる軽油組成物とその製造方法であり、
特に、低温特性に優れた軽油組成物とその製造方法に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light oil composition used for automobile diesel fuel and the like and a method for producing the same.
In particular, it relates to a gas oil composition having excellent low-temperature properties and a method for producing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】軽油は、冬季などの低温環境で使用され
る場合に、含有されるワックス分の析出により、使用が
困難となることがある。たとえば、フィルターの目詰ま
りによりディーゼルエンジンの運転が停止などの問題が
ある。このため、低温環境で使用される軽油には、通常
の軽油留分に灯油留分を配合してフィルターの目詰まり
点などの低温特性を向上させている。また、低温流動性
向上剤と呼ばれる化学合成品を添加している。2. Description of the Related Art When used in a low-temperature environment such as winter, light oil may be difficult to use due to precipitation of wax contained therein. For example, there is a problem that the operation of the diesel engine is stopped due to clogging of the filter. For this reason, kerosene fraction is blended with light diesel oil used in a low temperature environment in addition to ordinary gas oil fraction to improve low temperature characteristics such as filter clogging point. Further, a chemically synthesized product called a low-temperature fluidity improver is added.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、軽油留
分に灯油留分を多く配合した場合、粘度が低下し、軽油
の耐摩耗性が低下して燃料供給ポンプの摺動部材等を摩
耗するなどの問題がある。また、軽油の低温流動性は、
冬季において問題となるが、同時に、冬季は灯油の需要
も多く、灯油留分の十分な手当が難しいこともある。さ
らに、低温流動性向上剤は、軽油留分の性質により効果
が出にくい場合もある。例えば、ナローカットと呼ばれ
る沸点範囲の狭い軽油留分は、低温流動性向上剤を加え
ても、その効果は得られにくい。本発明は、軽油の低温
特性の問題を解決するもので、石油留分以外の成分を配
合することにより、沸点範囲の狭い軽油留分であって
も、十分な低温特性が得られる軽油組成物およびその製
造方法を提供するものである。However, when a kerosene fraction is blended in a large amount with a light oil fraction, the viscosity is reduced, the wear resistance of the gas oil is reduced, and the sliding member of the fuel supply pump is worn. There is a problem. The low temperature fluidity of light oil is
This is a problem in the winter season, but at the same time, there is a great demand for kerosene in the winter season, and it may be difficult to provide sufficient allowance for the kerosene fraction. Further, the low-temperature fluidity improver may be less effective due to the properties of the gas oil fraction. For example, a gas oil fraction having a narrow boiling point range, referred to as a narrow cut, is difficult to achieve its effect even when a low-temperature fluidity improver is added. The present invention solves the problem of low-temperature characteristics of gas oil, and by blending components other than petroleum fractions, a gas oil composition that can obtain sufficient low-temperature characteristics even with a gas oil fraction having a narrow boiling range. And a method for producing the same.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による軽油組成物
の製造方法は、軽油基材７５〜９５容量％と、炭素数４
〜７のジアルキルエーテル化合物５〜２５容量％と、低
温流動性向上剤１００〜１０００容量ｐｐｍを配合する
ものである。特に、軽油基材の終点が３６０℃以下であ
り、かつ、９０％留出温度と終点の差が２５℃以下であ
ることが好ましい。また、本発明による軽油組成物は、
炭素数４〜７のジアルキルエーテル化合物５〜２５容量
％と、低温流動性向上剤１００〜１０００容量ｐｐｍを
含有し、石油精製留分である軽油基材を主成分とするも
のである。The method for producing a gas oil composition according to the present invention comprises a gas oil base material of 75 to 95% by volume and a carbon number of 4;
5 to 25% by volume of a dialkyl ether compound, and 100 to 1000 ppm by volume of a low-temperature fluidity improver. In particular, it is preferable that the end point of the gas oil base material is 360 ° C or less, and the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the end point is 25 ° C or less. Further, the light oil composition according to the present invention comprises
It contains 5 to 25% by volume of a dialkyl ether compound having 4 to 7 carbon atoms and 100 to 1000 ppm by volume of a low-temperature fluidity improver, and is mainly composed of a light oil base material which is a petroleum refined fraction.
【０００５】[0005]
【好ましい実施の態様】［軽油基材］ 本発明に用いる
軽油基材は、通常、沸点範囲１５０〜３６０℃の石油留
分であり、２０％留出温度が２００〜２８０℃、５０％
留出温度が２６０〜３００℃、９０％留出温度が３００
〜３６０℃の性状である。このような軽油基材は、原油
の常圧蒸留、減圧蒸留から、さらに接触分解や熱分解な
どの分解油から所定の留分として得ることができる、い
わゆる軽油留分を、あるいはそれに灯油留分などの他の
石油留分を配合したものを軽油基材として用いることが
できる。軽油基材は、通常、環境規制上、水素化脱硫処
理などにより硫黄分が０．０５質量％以下、特には、
０．００５質量％以下に低減されている。[Preferred Embodiment] [Light Oil Base] The light oil base used in the present invention is usually a petroleum fraction having a boiling point range of 150 to 360 ° C, a 20% distillation temperature of 200 to 280 ° C and 50%.
Distillation temperature 260-300 ° C, 90% distillation temperature 300
~ 360 ° C. Such a gas oil base material can be obtained as a predetermined fraction from cracked oil such as catalytic cracking or thermal cracking from atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation of crude oil, a so-called gas oil fraction, or a kerosene fraction. What blended other petroleum fractions can be used as a light oil base material. The gas oil base material usually has a sulfur content of 0.05% by mass or less due to hydrodesulfurization or the like due to environmental regulations, particularly,
It has been reduced to 0.005% by mass or less.
【０００６】この軽油基材の好ましい特性は、セタン指
数が４０〜６０、特には４５〜５５であり、１５℃にお
ける密度が０．７６〜０．９２g/cm3、特には０．８０
〜０．８８g/cm3であり、３０℃における動粘度が１．
５〜５．０mm2/sである。本発明は、沸点範囲の狭い軽
油基材、具体的には終点が３６０℃以下であり、かつ、
９０％留出温度と終点の差が２５℃以下の場合に低温特
性の向上が顕著であり、さらに、２０％留出温度と９０
％留出温度との差が１００℃以下、特には８０℃以下の
場合に、好ましく用いられる。蒸留性状は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ
２２５４に規定された方法により測定することができ
る。さらに、本発明は、炭素数２５以上の直鎖飽和炭化
水素（ノルマルパラフィン）の含有量が、０．１重量％
以下、さらには、０．０３重量％以下の軽油基材を用い
た場合にも低温流動性向上剤が効果的に作用する。ノル
マルパラフィンの含有量は、ガスクロマトグラフにより
測定することができる。[0006] The preferred properties of the gas oil base material are a cetane index of 40 to 60, particularly 45 to 55, and a density at 15 ° C of 0.76 to 0.92 g / cm 3 , especially 0.80.
0.88 g / cm 3 and a kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. of 1.
5 to 5.0 mm 2 / s. The present invention relates to a gas oil base material having a narrow boiling point, specifically, the end point is 360 ° C. or less, and
When the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the end point is 25 ° C. or less, the low-temperature characteristics are remarkably improved.
It is preferably used when the difference from the% distillation temperature is 100 ° C or less, particularly 80 ° C or less. Distillation properties are JIS K
It can be measured by the method specified in 2254. Furthermore, the present invention provides that the content of the linear saturated hydrocarbon having 25 or more carbon atoms (normal paraffin) is 0.1% by weight.
The low-temperature fluidity improver works effectively even when a light oil base of 0.03% by weight or less is used. The content of normal paraffin can be measured by gas chromatography.
【０００７】［ジアルキルエーテル化合物］ 本発明で
用いられるジアルキルエーテル化合物は、一般式 Ｒ1
−Ｏ−Ｒ2 で表される。式中、アルキル基Ｒ1とＲ2の
炭素数の和が４〜７である。特に、アルキル基Ｒ1がメ
チル基またはエチル基であり、アルキル基Ｒ2がブチル
基またはペンチル基であることが好ましい。メチル第三
ブチルエーテル（以下、ＭＴＢＥともいう）、エチル第
三ブチルエーテル（以下、ＥＴＢＥともいう）、メチル
第三アミルエーテル（以下、ＴＡＭＥともいう）などが
好ましく用いられる。エーテル化合物の炭素数が７を越
えると、低温特性を向上させる効果がない。エーテル化
合物の炭素数が４に満たないと、通常のディーゼル機関
用燃料として適当でない。[Dialkyl ether compound] The dialkyl ether compound used in the present invention has the general formula R 1
Represented by -O-R 2. In the formula, the sum of the carbon numbers of the alkyl groups R 1 and R 2 is 4 to 7. In particular, the alkyl group R 1 is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and the alkyl group R 2 is preferably a butyl group or a pentyl group. Methyl tertiary butyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as ETBE), methyl tertiary amyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as TAME) and the like are preferably used. When the number of carbon atoms of the ether compound exceeds 7, there is no effect of improving low-temperature characteristics. If the number of carbon atoms of the ether compound is less than 4, it is not suitable as a fuel for ordinary diesel engines.
【０００８】これらのエーテル化合物は、複数の化合物
を組み合わせて用いてもよい。軽油組成物中のエーテル
化合物の含有量は、５〜２５容量％、好ましくは、１０
〜２５容量％である。この範囲未満の配合では、目詰ま
り点などの低温特性を向上させる効果がない。一方、こ
の範囲を超えると、エーテル化合物は鉱油に比べ価格が
高いので、経済的な面で好ましくない。また、これらの
エーテル化合物は、排気ガス中に含まれる粒子状物質な
どの排出を低減する効果もある。[0008] These ether compounds may be used in combination of a plurality of compounds. The content of the ether compound in the gas oil composition is 5 to 25% by volume, preferably 10% by volume.
２５25% by volume. If the amount is less than this range, there is no effect of improving low-temperature characteristics such as a clogging point. On the other hand, if it exceeds this range, the price of the ether compound is higher than that of the mineral oil, which is not economically preferable. These ether compounds also have an effect of reducing the emission of particulate matter and the like contained in the exhaust gas.
【０００９】［低温流動性向上剤］本発明は、低温流動
性向上剤を１００〜１０００ｐｐｍ、特には１５０〜６
００ｐｐｍ添加した際に、通常の軽油組成物へ添加する
以上に低温流動性が向上する。添加量は、製品の流動
点、目詰まり点が規格を満足するように適宜選択する。
低温流動性向上剤としては、エチレン共重合体などを用
いることができるが、特には、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン
酸ビニル、酪酸ビニルなどの飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステ
ルが好ましく用いられる。[Low Temperature Fluidity Improving Agent] The present invention relates to a low temperature fluidity improving agent of 100 to 1000 ppm, particularly 150 to 6 ppm.
When added in an amount of 00 ppm, the low-temperature fluidity is improved more than when it is added to an ordinary light oil composition. The addition amount is appropriately selected so that the pour point and the clogging point of the product satisfy the specifications.
As the low-temperature fluidity improver, an ethylene copolymer or the like can be used. In particular, a vinyl ester of a saturated fatty acid such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate is preferably used.
【００１０】［他の配合成分］本発明の軽油組成物に
は、耐摩耗性向上剤、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金
属不活性化剤、腐食防止剤等の公知の燃料添加剤を添加
してもよい。耐摩耗性向上剤としては、長鎖（例えば、
炭素数１２〜２４）の脂肪酸またのその脂肪酸エステル
が好ましく用いられる。１０〜５００ｐｐｍ、好ましく
は５０〜１００ｐｐｍの添加量で十分に耐摩耗性が向上
する。[Other Ingredients] The light oil composition of the present invention contains known fuel additives such as an antiwear agent, a cetane improver, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, and a corrosion inhibitor. It may be added. As the wear resistance improver, a long chain (for example,
Fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms or fatty acid esters thereof are preferably used. Abrasion resistance is sufficiently improved with an addition amount of 10 to 500 ppm, preferably 50 to 100 ppm.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、実施例に基づき本発明を説明する。基
材として、軽油留分、灯油留分、メチル第三ブチルエー
テル（ＭＴＢＥ）、エチル第三ブチルエーテル（ＥＴＢ
Ｅ）、メチル第三アミルエーテル（ＴＡＭＥ）、ジ第三
ブチルエーテル（以下、ＤＴＢＥともいう）、ジイソア
ミルエーテル（以下、ＤＩＡＥともいう）およびアニソ
ールを用い、供試油１〜７を調製した。軽油留分および
灯油留分は、直留の軽油留分または灯油留分を水素化脱
硫して得た留分である。軽油留分および灯油留分の性状
を表１に示す。The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. As base materials, gas oil fraction, kerosene fraction, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETB)
Test oils 1 to 7 were prepared using E), methyl tertiary amyl ether (TAME), ditertiary butyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as DTBE), diisoamyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as DIAE) and anisole. The gas oil fraction and the kerosene fraction are fractions obtained by hydrodesulfurizing a straight-run gas oil fraction or a kerosene fraction. Table 1 shows the properties of the gas oil fraction and the kerosene fraction.
【００１２】[0012]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１３】軽油留分８０容量％に、ＥＴＢＥ、ＭＴＢ
Ｅ、ＴＡＭＥ、ＤＴＢＥ、ＤＩＡＥ、アニソールおよび
灯油留分をそれぞれ２０容量％、およびエチレン−酢酸
ビニル系共重合体からなる低温流動性向上剤（エクソン
化学製、パラフロー２４０）を３００ｐｐｍずつ配合
し、供試油１〜７を調製した。供試油１〜３は、実施例
に相当するものであり、供試油４〜７は、比較例に相当
する。供試油１および７の性状を表１に示す。この供試
油１〜７の曇り点、目詰まり性、流動性を評価し、その
結果を表２にまとめる。目詰まり点の向上値は、供試油
７を基準とし、その目詰まり点からの向上値を示した。
なお、曇り点と流動点はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２６９により、
目詰まり点はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２８８により評価を行っ
た。ETBE, MTB to 80% by volume of gas oil fraction
E, TAME, DTBE, DIAE, anisole and kerosene fractions were each blended in a volume of 20% by volume, and a low-temperature fluidity improver consisting of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Exxon Chemical Co., Paraflow 240) was added in an amount of 300 ppm. Test oils 1 to 7 were prepared. Test oils 1 to 3 correspond to the examples, and test oils 4 to 7 correspond to the comparative examples. Table 1 shows the properties of the test oils 1 and 7. The cloud points, clogging properties, and fluidity of the test oils 1 to 7 were evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 2. The improvement value of the clogging point was the improvement value from the clogging point based on the test oil 7.
The cloud point and pour point are determined according to JIS K 2269.
The clogging point was evaluated according to JIS K 2288.
【００１４】[0014]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１５】表２から、ＥＴＢＥ、ＭＴＢＥ、ＴＡＭＥ
を配合した供試油１〜３は、灯油留分を配合した供試油
７に比較して目詰まり点が著しく向上していることが認
められる。しかし、ＤＴＢＥ、ＤＩＡＥ、アニソールを
配合した供試油４〜６は、灯油留分を配合した供試油７
に比較して目詰まり点が向上することはない。また、灯
油留分を配合した供試油７自身、その流動点および目詰
まり点は、供試油１〜３に比べ、非常に劣っている。[0015] From Table 2, ETBE, MTBE, TAME
It can be seen that the sample oils 1 to 3 blended with each other have significantly improved clogging points as compared with the test oil 7 blended with the kerosene fraction. However, the test oils 4 to 6 containing DTBE, DIAE and anisole are the same as the test oils 7 containing the kerosene fraction.
The clogging point is not improved as compared with the case of FIG. Also, the test oil 7 itself containing the kerosene fraction, its pour point and clogging point are very inferior to those of the test oils 1 to 3.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の効果】本発明は、軽油基材７５〜９５容量％
と、炭素数４〜７のジアルキルエーテル化合物５〜２５
容量％と、低温流動性向上剤１００〜１０００容量ｐｐ
ｍを配合する、軽油組成物の製造方法およびこうして得
られた軽油組成物である。したがって、灯油留分などを
配合した場合に比べ、低温流動性向上剤の機能を効率良
く発揮させることができるので、本発明の軽油組成物
は、目詰まり性などの低温特性が著しく向上し、軽質な
留分を多く配合することなく、優れた低温特性を得るこ
とができ、特に、冬季などの低温環境で使用されるディ
ーゼルエンジンに好適に用いることができる。According to the present invention, 75 to 95% by volume of a light oil base
And a C 5-7 dialkyl ether compound 5-25
% And the low-temperature fluidity improver 100-1000 volume pp
m, a method for producing a gas oil composition and the gas oil composition thus obtained. Therefore, as compared with a case where a kerosene fraction or the like is blended, the function of the low-temperature fluidity improver can be efficiently exhibited, and thus the gas oil composition of the present invention has significantly improved low-temperature properties such as clogging properties. Excellent low-temperature characteristics can be obtained without blending a large amount of light fractions, and particularly, it can be suitably used for a diesel engine used in a low-temperature environment such as winter.
Claims (3)
〜７のジアルキルエーテル化合物５〜２５容量％と、低
温流動性向上剤１００〜１０００容量ｐｐｍを配合する
ことを特徴とする低温特性に優れた軽油組成物の製造方
法。1. A gas oil base comprising 75 to 95% by volume and a carbon number of 4
A method for producing a gas oil composition having excellent low-temperature characteristics, comprising mixing 5 to 25% by volume of a dialkyl ether compound of Nos. 7 to 7 with 100 to 1000 ppm by volume of a low-temperature fluidity improver.
かつ、９０％留出温度と終点の差が２５℃以下である請
求項１記載の軽油組成物の製造方法。2. The end point of the gas oil base material is 360 ° C. or less,
The method for producing a gas oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the 90% distillation temperature and the end point is 25 ° C or less.
物５〜２５容量％と、低温流動性向上剤１００〜１００
０容量ｐｐｍを含有し、軽油基材を主成分とする低温特
性に優れた軽油組成物。3. A dialkyl ether compound having 4 to 7 carbon atoms in an amount of 5 to 25% by volume and a low-temperature fluidity improver of 100 to 100.
A light oil composition containing 0 ppm by volume and excellent in low-temperature properties mainly composed of a light oil base material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028102A JP3942787B2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Gas oil composition having excellent low temperature characteristics and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028102A JP3942787B2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Gas oil composition having excellent low temperature characteristics and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001214180A true JP2001214180A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| JP3942787B2 JP3942787B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
Family
ID=18553566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028102A Expired - Lifetime JP3942787B2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Gas oil composition having excellent low temperature characteristics and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3942787B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005054103A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-03 | Nippon Oil Corp | Gasoline |
| JP2005343918A (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel oil composition for premixed compressed self- ignition type engine |
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2000
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005054103A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-03 | Nippon Oil Corp | Gasoline |
| JP2005343918A (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Fuel oil composition for premixed compressed self- ignition type engine |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP3942787B2 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
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