JP2001213833A - Method for producing aldehyde - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an aldehyde in good operational efficiency by controlling a catalyst poisoning material in an oxo reaction. SOLUTION: This method for reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst containing a group VIII transition metal in the periodic table and an organic phosphorus compound comprises controlling the amount of hydrogen cyanide mixed with the reaction system as the impurities so that the molar ratio thereof to the group VIII metal included in a catalyst-containing liquid may be <=0.9.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a VIII group transition metal catalyst containing an organophosphorus compound as a ligand.
The present invention relates to a method for producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen. For more information,
The present invention relates to a method for producing an aldehyde when a catalyst poisoning substance is mixed into a reaction system as an impurity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A hydroformylation reaction containing a transition metal of Group VIII of the periodic table, particularly cobalt or rhodium, and an organophosphorus ligand is widely known as a method for producing an aldehyde from an olefinically unsaturated compound and hydrogen or carbon monoxide gas. Applied Homogen by Cornis and Herrmann
eous Catalysis with OrganometallicCompounds, Vol.1V
CH, 1966) For example, a rhodium-tertiary phosphine catalyst is
No. 10730, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-17543, and the like. In recent years, rhodium-organic phosphite catalysts have been studied for the purpose of improving activity and selectivity. For example, JP-A-57-123134 discloses a method using a triaryl phosphite ligand having a substituent at a specific site of a phenyl ring. JP-A-59-51228 and JP-A-59-51230 disclose a method of using a ligand. A method using a cyclic phosphite ligand containing a phosphorus atom at the bridge head, and a method using a diorganophosphite ligand having a cyclic structure are disclosed in JP-A-61-501268. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-116587 discloses a bidentate phosphite compound in which one of two phosphite groups has a cyclic structure, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-116535 discloses that both phosphite groups have a cyclic structure. A bidentate phosphite compound is disclosed. JP-A-4-290551 discloses that
A method using a bisphosphite ligand having a cyclic structure is disclosed. The present applicant also discloses Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-3392.
07 proposed a method using a bisphosphite ligand and a polyphosphite ligand having a substituent at a specific site.

In order to stably operate a process using a hydroformylation reaction catalyst comprising an organophosphorus ligand and a Group VIII transition metal and to improve productivity, the concentration of poisoning substances in the catalyst must be controlled. It is important to do. That is, poisoning of the catalyst not only reduces the yield of the product, but also causes loss of the extremely expensive Group VIII transition metal as a catalyst component. On the other hand, the hydroformylation reaction system may contain many impurities accompanying the raw material olefin, solvent, and others, and may become a catalyst poison. However, it is excessive to purify the raw materials and remove all of these impurities. Required equipment, leading to increased process costs. As a catalyst poison of the hydroformylation reaction known so far, JP-A-10-273 discloses
No. 465, there is an allyl halide.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is intended to reduce catalyst poisoning of various impurities mixed into a hydroformylation reaction system accompanying raw materials and reaction reagents. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an aldehyde, which can specify an impurity and control a catalyst poisoning substance to enable efficient operation.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies, found that cyanide hydride is poisoned by the catalyst, and further obtained the control value thereof to arrive at the present invention. did. That is, the gist of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst containing a transition metal of Group VIII of the periodic table and an organic phosphorus compound. An aldehyde production method characterized in that the amount of hydrocyanide mixed as an impurity in the system is controlled so as not to exceed 0.9 in a molar ratio to a Group VIII transition metal contained in the catalyst-containing liquid. .

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The catalyst containing a Group VIII transition metal used in the present invention is publicly available.
Preparation of known Group VIII transition metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalysts
It can be prepared according to the method. Group VIII transition metal contact
The medium may be prepared in advance and used for the reaction, or in the reaction system.
Formed from Group VIII transition metal compounds and organophosphorus compounds
You may let it. Group VIII transition metal compounds include iron compounds
Material, cobalt compound, nickel compound, ruthenium compound
Substances, palladium compounds, rhodium compounds, osmiumation
Compounds and platinum compounds are exemplified. Among them, cobaltation
Compounds and rhodium compounds are preferred, especially rhodium compounds
Is preferred. Rhodium compounds include, for example, rhodium chloride.
, Rhodium nitrate, rhodium acetate, rhodium formate, salt
Sodium rhodate and potassium rhodate
Inorganic or organic acid salts of rhodium, alumina, silica,
Rhodium metal and rhodium metal supported on a carrier such as activated carbon
Carbonyl acetylacetonate, rhodium (1,5-
Such as cyclooctadiene) acetylacetonate
Chelating compound of indium, tetrarhodium dodecacal
Bonyl, hexarhodium hexadecacarbonyl, μ,
μ'-dichlororhodium tetracarbonyl, [Rh (O
COCH _Three) (COD)]_Two(COD is 1,5-cyclo
Represents octadiene. ), [Rh (μ-StC)_FourH
₉) (CO_Two)]_TwoRhodium carbonyl complexation
Compounds.

As the organophosphorus compound used as a ligand, any known organophosphorus compound in a hydroformylation reaction can be used. Among them, organic phosphine compounds and organic phosphite compounds can be mentioned. The organic phosphine compound is not particularly limited, and includes triarylphosphine, trialkylphosphine, alkyldiarylphosphine, aryldialkylphosphine, and the like. These alkyl groups and aryl groups may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkali metal sulfonic acid group or the like. Specifically, for example, tributylphosphine, trioctylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, tolylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, monobutyldiphenylphosphine, dipropylphenylphosphine and the like can be mentioned. Among these phosphines, triphenylphosphine is particularly preferred.

[0008] As the organic phosphite compound, any organic phosphite such as triaryl phosphite, trialkyl phosphite, and alkyl aryl phosphite can be used. Bisphosphite having a plurality of these phosphite structures in the same molecule,
Polyphosphites such as tris phosphite can also be used. Among these organic phosphites, monophosphites can be broadly classified into those having no phosphorus atom-containing cyclic structure and those having such a structure. The former is represented by the following general formula (1).

[0009]

Embedded image P (OR ¹ ) (OR ² ) (OR ³ ) (1)

Wherein R ^{1 to} R ³ are each independently
A hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group, or 5 to 3 carbon atoms;
Represents a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group of 0, to which a substituent which does not inhibit the hydroformylation reaction may be bonded. Examples of such a substituent include a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group,
Examples include an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylamino group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group.

In the organic phosphite represented by the general formula (1), at least ^one of R ^{1 to} R ³ is preferably a substituted aryl group represented by the following general formula (2).

[0012]

Embedded image

In the formula, R ⁴ represents an aryl group which may have a substituent which does not inhibit a hydroformylation reaction;
Or -CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . Here, R ^{9 to} R ¹¹ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally fluorinated hydrocarbon group. R ⁴ is preferably a compound having a branch at the 1-position and having a large steric hindrance, such as an isopropyl group and a t-butyl group. R ^{5 to} R ⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group that does not inhibit the hydroformylation reaction. Adjacent ones of R ^{5 to} R ⁸ may be bonded to each other to form a condensed aromatic ring or condensed heterocyclic ring.

Some examples of such organic phosphites include diphenyl (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diphenyl (2-isopropylphenyl) phosphite, and bis (2-tert-butyl).
Butyl-4-methylphenyl) phenyl phosphite,
Diphenyl (3,6-di-tert-butyl-2-naphthyl) phosphite, bis (2-naphthyl) (3,6-
Di-tert-butyl-2-naphthyl) phosphite,
Bis (3,6,8-tri-s-butyl-2-naphthyl) phenyl phosphite, bis (3,6,8-tri-s-butyl-2-naphthyl) (2-naphthyl)
Phosphite and the like.

An organic phosphite represented by the general formula (1)
Is particularly preferred as R¹~ R ^ThreeIs a general formula
It is a substituted aryl group represented by (2). This
Some examples of organic phosphites such as
Lis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosph
Aite, tris (2-tert-butyl-4-methyl)
Phenyl) phosphite, tris (2-tert-butyl)
Tyl-4-methoxyphenyl) phosphite, tris
(O-phenylphenyl) phosphite, tris (o-
Methylphenyl) phosphite, bis (3,6-dita-
Shari-butyl-2-naphthyl) (2,4-ditacia)
L-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis (3,6-di
Tert-butyl-2-naphthyl) (2-tert-butyl)
-Butylphenyl) phosphite, tris (3,6-di
Tert-butyl-2-naphthyl) phosphite, g
Squirrel (3,6-dita-shary-amyl-2-naphthyl)
Phosphite and the like. Out of monophosphite
Those having a cyclic structure containing a phosphorus atom are represented by the following general formula
It is represented by (3).

[0016]

Embedded image

In the formula, Z represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may contain a hetero atom in the carbon chain and may have a substituent which does not inhibit the hydroformylation reaction, and Y represents a hydroformylation group. It represents a hydrocarbon group or a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent which does not inhibit the reaction.
In the general formula (3), Y is preferably a substituted aryl group represented by the general formula (2). Further, Z is preferably an alkylene group, an arylene group or a hybrid group of both, which may contain a hetero atom such as an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom in the carbon chain. Examples of such a divalent hydrocarbon group include an alkylene group, an alkyleneoxyalkylene group, an alkyleneaminoalkylene group in which an alkyl group may be bonded to a nitrogen atom, an alkylenethioalkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an arylene group, and a biarylene. Group, alkylene arylene group, arylene alkylene arylene group, arylene oxyarylene group, arylene oxyalkylene group, arylene thioarylene group, arylene thioalkylene group, or an arylene aminoarylene group or an arylene which may have an alkyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom And an aminoalkylene group. One preferred example of the organic phosphite represented by the general formula (3) is one represented by the following general formula (4).

[0018]

Embedded image

In the formula, R ¹² and R ¹³ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group which may have a substituent which does not inhibit the hydroformylation reaction, and n is Represents an integer of 0 to 4; Y has the same meaning as in general formula (3), and preferably represents a substituted aryl group represented by general formula (2) described above. In the general formula (4), typical examples of R ¹² and R ¹³ include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a benzyl group, a naphthyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a hydroxyethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group. And the like. Another preferred example of the organic phosphite represented by the general formula (3) is one represented by the following general formula (5).

[0020]

Embedded image

In the formula, R ¹⁴ is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, or an aryl group which may have a substituent which does not inhibit the hydroformylation reaction, and the bonding group is o-, m-, p-
Any of the positions. R ¹⁴ may be condensed with the benzene ring to which it is bonded to form a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring. Y has the same meaning as in general formula (3), and preferably represents a substituted aryl group represented by general formula (2) described above. Another preferred example of the organic phosphite represented by the general formula (3) is represented by the following general formula (6).

[0022]

Embedded image

Wherein Ar inhibits the hydroformylation reaction
Aryl groups which may have unsubstituted substituents,
They may be different. Q is -CR^FifteenR¹⁶-, -O
-, -S-, -NR¹⁷-, -SiR¹⁸R¹⁹-, -CO-
And a divalent cross-linking group. In these crosslinking groups,
R^FifteenAnd R¹⁶Are each independently a hydrogen atom or carbon number
1 to 12 alkyl groups, phenyl groups, tolyl groups or ani groups
Represents a sil group;¹⁷~ R ¹⁹Is, independently of each other, hydrogen
Represents an atom or a methyl group. n is independently 0
Or represents 1. Y has the same meaning as in general formula (3)
You. Preferred examples of Y include a methyl group, an ethyl group, n
-Propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec
-Butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopene
Tyl group, t-pentyl group, neopentyl group, n-hexyl
Group, t-hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, isooctyl
Group, 2-ethylhexyl group, decyl group, octadecyl
A C1-20 alkyl group such as a group or cycloalkyl
Group and a substituent that does not inhibit the hydroformylation reaction.
Phenyl group, α-naphthyl group, β-naph
And an aryl group such as a tyl group. Aryl group placement
Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group.
Alkyl group, alkoxy group, acyl group, acyloxy group,
Alkoxycarbonyl group, alkylamino group, etc. and halo
Gen atom. Organic phosphite of general formula (6)
Particularly preferred among the compounds are the following general formula (7) or
Is represented by (8).

[0024]

Embedded image

In these formulas, Q, Y and n are the same as in the formula (6), and R ^{20 to} R ²⁵ are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group,
Represents an alkoxy group, an alkylamino group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a halogen atom. Some of the above-mentioned organic phosphites having a cyclic structure containing a phosphorus atom are shown in Table 1 below.

[0026]

[Table 1]

[0027]

[Table 2]

In Table 1, Me represents a methyl group, Pr represents a propyl group, and Ph represents a phenyl group. The polyphosphite having two or more phosphite structures in the molecule used as a ligand in the present invention is represented by the following general formula (9).

[0029]

Embedded image

In the formula, Z has the same meaning as in formula (3), and R ²⁶ and R ²⁷ each independently represent an alkyl group,
Represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group or a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, to which a substituent that does not inhibit a hydroformylation reaction is bonded. May be. Examples of such a substituent include a halogen atom and a carbon atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
And alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, alkoxy groups, alkylamino groups, acyl groups, acyloxy groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, and the like.

Some specific examples of R ²⁶ and R ²⁷ are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-butyl
-Pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, t-
A linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as a pentyl group and a t-hexyl group; a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group and an adamantyl group; A phenyl group, α
-Naphthyl group, β-naphthyl group, methoxyphenyl group,
Dimethoxyphenyl, cyanophenyl, nitrophenyl, chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, methylnaphthyl, methoxynaphthyl, chloro An aryl group which may have a substituent such as a naphthyl group, a nitronaphthyl group and a tetrahydronaphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group; a pyridyl group, a methylpyridyl group, a nitropyridyl group, a pyrazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and a benzofuryl group And heteroaromatic groups such as quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, benzimidazolyl group and indolyl group.

W is an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom in the carbon chain.
May contain a heteroatom such as
(M)₁
+ M _Two) Valent hydrocarbon group. m₁And m_TwoIs it
Each represents a number from 0 to 6;₁+ M_TwoRepresents an integer of 2 to 6
You. Note that m₁Or m_TwoRepresents a number of 2 or more,
Multiple Z, R²⁶And R²⁷May be different.

Preferably, Z is the above formula (4) to (8)
R is represented by²⁶And R ²⁷Is hydroformyl
That may be substituted with a substituent that does not inhibit the
A group. Some examples of such aryl groups
Then, a phenyl group, a 2-methylphenyl group, a 3-methyl
Ruphenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, 2,4-dimethyl
Phenyl group, 2,5-dimethylphenyl group, 2,6-
Dimethylphenyl group, 2-methoxyphenyl group,
Toxiphenyl group, 4-methoxyphenyl group, 2,4-
Dimethoxyphenyl group, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
Group, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl group, α-naphthyl group,
3-methyl-α-naphthyl group, 3,6-dimethyl-α-
Naphthyl group, β-naphthyl group, 1-methyl-β-naphthyl
And a 3-methyl-β-naphthyl group.

W is preferably an alkylene group or a compound of the general formula
-Ar- (CH in (6)_Two) _n-(Q)_n− (C
H_Two)_nIt is a divalent group represented by -Ar-. like this
Examples of such a divalent group include a 1,2-ethylene group and a 1,3-propylene group.
Ropylene group, 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-propylene
Group, 1,4-butylene group, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6
-Hexylene group, 1,8-octylene group, 1,2-fe
Nylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, 2,3-naphthylene
Group, 1,8-naphthylene group, 1,1′-biphenyl-
2,2'-diyl group, 1,1'-binaphthyl-7,7 '
-Diyl group, 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl
Group, 2,2'-binaphthyl-1,1'-diyl group, 2,
2'-binaphthyl-3,3'-diyl group and the like.
You.

More preferred examples of the polyorganophosphite represented by the general formula (9) are those wherein Z is -Ar- (CH ₂ ) _n -Q _n- (CH ₂ ) _n -Ar- in the general formula (6).
And m ₁ is at least 1;
And W is represented by the following general formula (10).

[0036]

Embedded image

In the formula, Q and n are as follows in the general formula (6).
Synonymous with R³²And R³³Are each independently carbon
Number 1 to 12 alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alcohols
A xy, silyl or siloxy group, or a halogen atom
Represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrogen atom. Some examples
And methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl
Group, n-butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propyl
Loxy group, hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom
And an iodine atom. Also, R²⁸~ R ³¹Is
Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
Chloroalkyl, alkoxy, silyl or silo
A xy group, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom,
Examples of these include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl
Group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, t-butyl group,
An opentyl group, a 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, a nonyl group,
Decyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, t-butoxy group, etc.
Is mentioned. Also, R³⁰And R³²Or R³¹And R³³And
1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl
And a condensed ring such as a phenyl group may be formed.

In the general formula (10), R ²⁸ and R ²⁹ are preferably an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and branched at the 1-position. R ³⁰ and R ³¹ are an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R ³⁰ and R ³² , or R ³¹ and R ³³ are bonded to form an alkyl group or an alkoxy group as a substituent; It preferably forms part of a naphthalene ring that may be present. Some examples of W represented by the general formula (10) include: 3,3′-di-t
-Butyl-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 6,6'-tetra-t-butyl-1,
1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3'-di-t-butyl-6,6'-di-t-butoxy-1,1 '
-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3'-di-t
-Pentyl-1,1-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 6,6'-tetra-t-pentyl-1,
1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3'-di-t-butyl-5,5'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ' , 5,5'-Tetra-t-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetra-t-pentyl-
1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 '
-Di-t-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-1,1'-
Biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3'-di-t-
Butyl-5,5 ', 6,6'-tetramethyl-1,1'
-Biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 5
5'-tetra-t-butyl-6,6'-dimethyl-1,
1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ',
5,5'-tetra-t-pentyl-6,6'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,
3'-di-t-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-6
6'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-
6,6'-dichloro-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2 '
-Diyl group and the like.

Of the W represented by the general formula (10),
One of the preferred is R³²And R ³³But independent
A methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group,
Pill group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group,
Isopropoxy group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom,
Alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as iodine atom, alkoxy
It is a group or a halogen atom. Such a W
Examples of 3,3'-di-t-butyl-5,5 ',
6,6'-tetramethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,
2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetra-t-butyl
Tyl-6,6'-dimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-
2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetra-t
-Butyl-6,6'-diethyl-1,1'-biphenyl
-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetra-
t-butyl-6,6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphe
Nyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3'-di-t-butyl
-5,5'-dimethoxy-6,6'-dichloro-1,
1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group, 3,3 ',
5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-6,6'-difluoro
-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl group and the like.
Can be Polyphosphite represented by the general formula (9)
Some are illustrated in Table-2.

[0040]

[Table 3]

[0041]

[Table 4]

[0042]

[Table 5]

[0043]

[Table 6]

[0044]

[Table 7]

[0045]

[Table 8]

[0046]

[Table 9]

[0047]

[Table 10]

[0048]

[Table 11]

[0049]

[Table 12]

[0050]

[Table 13]

[0051]

[Table 14]

[0052]

[Table 15]

[0053]

[Table 16]

[0054]

[Table 17]

[0055]

[Table 18]

[0056]

[Table 19]

[0057]

[Table 20]

[0058]

[Table 21]

[0059]

[Table 22]

[0060]

[Table 23]

In Table 2, Me represents a methyl group and Et represents an ethyl group. These organic phosphorus compounds may be used alone or as a mixture thereof. For example, a system in which phosphine and phosphite, or monophosphite and bisphosphite or polyphosphite compounds coexist may be used. The amount of the organic phosphorus compound used is not particularly limited, but is preferably set so as to obtain a desired result with respect to the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. Generally, it is an amount selected from about 0.1 to 1000 moles, preferably 1 to 500 moles, per mole of the Group VIII transition metal. Particularly when an organic bisphosphite is used, the amount is preferably 1 to 50 mol, more preferably 1 to 30 mol. The concentration of the complex catalyst in the hydroformylation reaction is as follows as a Group VIII transition metal in 1 liter of the reaction solvent.
Usually 0.05mg-1g, especially 10mg-500mg
It is preferred that

The hydrocyanide which becomes a catalyst poison by being mixed into the reaction system may be in the form of a solution in water or the like, or various components involved in the hydroformylation process, for example, the aldehyde or its condensate, the catalyst or the coordination product formed. Also included are those chemically or physically associated with a ligand, a decomposition product of a catalyst or a ligand, and the like. These include, for example, cyanohydrin compounds. As a route through which hydrocyanide is mixed into the reaction system, olefin compounds introduced from outside the hydroformylation process, hydrogen gas, reaction raw materials such as carbon monoxide gas, or a solvent used in the reaction, used to control the process. It may be accompanied by a reaction aid such as an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.

The present invention requires that the amount of hydrocyanide be controlled so that the molar ratio to the Group VIII transition metal in the catalyst solution does not exceed 0.9. The oxo reaction may be stopped if more hydrocyanide is contained, and the molar ratio is preferably 0.6 or less, more preferably 0.3 or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ or more, more preferably 1 × 10 ⁻³ or more in consideration of the cost and effect of impurity removal. The hydride at this time means those present in the catalyst solution, those contained in the gas phase portion in contact with the catalyst solution, and those contained in both.

In order to control the hydrocyanide to a predetermined concentration or less, an olefinic compound, hydrogen gas,
A raw material such as carbon monoxide is treated and refined by a hydrogen cyanide removal facility. Such equipment can use all known equipment, for example, activated carbon, ion exchange resin,
It can be removed using a method of adsorbing or adsorbing and decomposing on a solid such as a solid catalyst, or a method of absorbing or adsorbing and decomposing into a liquid phase such as water. Further, if necessary, an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon which comes into contact with a solvent or a catalyst is also subjected to a hydride cyanide removal treatment.

In the hydroformylation reaction, the raw material olefinic compound itself can be used as a main solvent, but it is usually preferable to use a solvent inert to the reaction. As such a solvent, toluene, xylene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as dodecylbenzene, acetone, diethyl ketone, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, ethers such as dioxane, ethyl acetate,
Esters such as di-n-octyl phthalate; aldehydes such as n-butyraldehyde, i-butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde and nonyl aldehyde; and high-boiling component mixtures which are by-produced during the hydroformylation reaction of aldehyde condensates and the like. Can be Above all, it is preferable to use aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, the same aldehyde produced by the reaction and a mixture of high-boiling components produced as a by-product, or a combination of these.

As the olefinic compound as a raw material, any organic compound having at least one olefinic double bond in the molecule can be used. The olefinic double bond may be at the terminal or inside the molecular chain. The carbon chain constituting the molecule may be linear, branched or cyclic. Further, the molecule may contain a carbonyl group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, a halogen atom, etc., which are substantially inactive to the hydroformylation reaction. Representative olefinically unsaturated compounds are α-olefins, internal olefins, alkyl alkenoates, alkenyl alkanoates, alkenyl alkyl ethers, alkenols and the like. Specifically, ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, pentene,
Hexene, hexadiene, octene, octadiene, nonene, decene, hexadecene, octadecene, eicosene, dococene, styrene, α-methylstyrene, cyclohexene, and propylene-butene mixture, 1-butene-2-butene-isobutylene mixture, 1-butene ~
Lower olefin mixtures such as 2-butene-isobutylene-butadiene mixtures, olefin oligomer isomer mixtures such as dimer to tetramer of lower olefins such as propylene, n-butene and isobutylene; 3-phenyl-1-propene; Olefinic hydrocarbons such as 1,4-hexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 3-cyclohexyl-1-butene, acrylonitrile, allyl alcohol,
-Hydroxy-2,7-octadiene, 3-hydroxy-1,7-octadiene, oleyl alcohol, 1-methoxy-2,7-octadiene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl oleate, oct-1-
En-4-ol, vinyl acetate, allyl acetate, 3-acetic acid
Butenyl, allyl propionate, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl methyl ether, allyl ethyl ether, n
And polar group-substituted olefins such as -propyl-7-octenoate, 3-butenenitrile and 5-hexenamide. Preferably, it is a monoolefinically unsaturated compound having only one olefinic double bond in the molecule. Particularly preferred are olefinic hydrocarbons having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, most preferably propylene, or
1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, and mixtures thereof, 1-octene, and mixed octene.

The reaction temperature of the hydroformylation reaction is usually 1
The range is 5 to 200 ° C, preferably 30 to 170 ° C, particularly preferably 50 to 150 ° C. The reaction pressure is usually from normal pressure to 200 kg / cm ² G (about 2-201 × 10 ⁻⁵ P
a) but 1 to 100 kg / cm ² G, especially 3 to 8
0 kg / cm ² G is preferred. The molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H ₂ / CO) of the oxo gas supplied to the reaction zone is usually in the range of 10/1 to 1/10, preferably in the range of 1/2 to 6/1. As a method of the hydroformylation reaction, any reaction method may be used. For example, in a stirred type reaction vessel or a bubble column type reaction vessel, either a continuous system or a batch system can be used.

The method for producing an aldehyde according to the present invention does not necessarily prevent the reaction from being carried out in a batch mode. That is, although it is easily apparent from the object of the present invention, the present invention continuously uses an expensive hydroformylation catalyst containing a Group VIII transition metal to maintain stable and high catalytic activity and selectivity. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an aldehyde. Therefore, for example, the present invention also includes a method in which the reaction is carried out batchwise, the product is accumulated, and the product is continuously and collectively separated, and the separated catalyst solution is reused.

When aldehydes are produced industrially advantageously, it is necessary to reuse expensive Group VIII transition metals and organophosphorus ligands. As a method of reusing, a method in which the catalyst is present in the reaction system and the product is continuously separated from the reaction system by gas stripping or the like, or the catalyst is continuously extracted together with the product from the reaction system, A method in which a product and a catalyst liquid are separated in a product separation step, and the catalyst liquid is circulated through a reaction system, may be used. A hydroformyl reaction solution containing a liquid product is usually withdrawn from the reaction system, and first, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and if necessary, all or part of gaseous components such as unreacted olefins are separated, and then the product is separated in a product separation step. The product and the catalyst liquid are separated.
This product separation step comprises the step of converting a reaction product solution containing a Group VIII transition metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst and an aldehyde product into an unreacted olefin, a produced aldehyde, a solvent, and a high-boiling by-product. And a step of separating into one component and a component mainly containing a Group VIII transition metal-organophosphorus ligand complex catalyst. The operations in this product separation step include any separation operations known to those skilled in the art, and specifically include distillation, extraction,
Examples include crystallization, absorption, and adsorption. Each of these separation operations may be performed in an independent step, or two or more components may be simultaneously separated. Also, a combination of these may be used. That is, it also includes an operation of performing extraction after performing distillation. The temperature in the product separation step is not particularly limited, but is usually selected from the range of ordinary temperature to 150 ° C. The pressure is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 mmHg (about 133.3 Pa).
The range from the reduced pressure to 50 kg / cm ² G is selected.

Examples of the distillation operation include simple distillation, reduced-pressure distillation, thin-film distillation, steam distillation and other distillation operations, as well as gas stripping and other operations. When the separation is carried out by distillation, it largely depends on the boiling point of the product aldehyde, but generally the distillation is preferably carried out at a temperature lower than 150 ° C. For distillation of high boiling aldehyde products,
Distillation under reduced pressure is recommended, usually 755 mmH
g to 1 mmHg, preferably 750 mmHg to 5 mmH
g can be performed under reduced pressure. The separated catalyst solution can be continuously or intermittently circulated to the hydroformylation reaction step and used repeatedly for the hydroformylation reaction of the olefinically unsaturated compound. At this time, the separated catalyst solution may be recycled to the reaction step after removing ligand decomposition products and the like by operations such as extraction, washing, crystallization, and absorption.

[0071]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In this embodiment, oxo gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas at a volume ratio of 1: 1. Further, the half-life of propylene in the examples refers to the time required until half of the propylene used is consumed in the reaction.

Example 1 A toluene solution of triphenylphosphine (TPP, 22.7% by weight) and rhodium complex RhH (CO) (TPP) ₃ (rhodium concentration 222 mg / L) was prepared at room temperature. Here, hydrogen cyanide was added such that the molar ratio of HCN / Rh became 1. This mixed solution was transferred to a vertically stirred autoclave having an internal volume of 200 ml, and nitrogen replacement was performed by pressurizing and degassing with nitrogen gas. Here 10.4 g of propylene
Was charged. After raising the internal temperature of the autoclave to 110 ° C., oxo gas was injected into the reactor, and the total pressure was 52 kg / c.
m ² G. The oxo reaction was performed while keeping the temperature and pressure constant. During the reaction, oxo gas was stored in a stainless steel pressure accumulator having an inner volume of 0.2 L, and the pressure was maintained by supplying oxo gas from this. The progress of the reaction was monitored by monitoring the pressure change in the accumulator. The reaction did not proceed at all.

Example 2 A hydroformylation reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molar ratio of HCN / Rh was set to 100. The reaction did not proceed at all.

Reference Example Triphenylphosphine (23.2% by weight) at room temperature
A toluene solution of rhodium complex RhH (CO) (TPP) ₃ (rhodium concentration 248 mg / L) was prepared. 45 g of this solution was transferred to an up-down stirring autoclave having an internal volume of 200 ml, and nitrogen replacement was performed by pressurizing and degassing with nitrogen gas. Here, 10.3 g of propylene was charged. After raising the internal temperature of the autoclave to 110 ° C., oxo gas was injected into the reactor to adjust the total pressure to 50 kg / cm ² G. The oxo reaction was performed while keeping the temperature and pressure constant. During the reaction, oxo gas was stored in a stainless steel pressure accumulator having an inner volume of 0.2 L, and the pressure was maintained by supplying oxo gas from this. The progress of the reaction was monitored by monitoring the pressure change in the accumulator. After 2 hours, gas absorption was stopped.
The autoclave was cooled to room temperature, and the components and liquid components in the autoclave were analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, the conversion of propylene was 98.8%, n /
The i ratio was 2.62. The half-life of propylene is 11.
8 minutes.

[0075]

As is clear from the examples, when hydrogen cyanide is present in an amount of 0.9 mol times or more of rhodium in the catalyst solution, no hydroformylation reaction occurs, and hydrogen cyanide is a poisoning substance for the catalyst. Is evident. By controlling the amount of hydrogen cyanide by the method of the present invention,
An aldehyde can be produced efficiently.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Akio Nakanishi 3-10 Shiodori, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama Prefecture F-term (reference) 4H006 AA02 AC45 BA20 BA21 BA22 BA23 BA24 BA25 BA26 BA37 BA48 BA55 BB11 BB16 BB25 BC10 BC11 BE20 BE40 4H039 CA62 CF10 CL45

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst containing a transition metal of Group VIII of the periodic table and an organic phosphorus compound. A method for producing an aldehyde, characterized in that the amount of hydrocyanide mixed as an impurity in the catalyst is controlled so as not to exceed 0.9 in a molar ratio to the Group VIII transition metal contained in the catalyst-containing liquid. 2. The amount of the hydrocyanide is 1 × 10 5 in molar ratio to the Group VIII transition metal contained in the catalyst-containing solution.
^The method for producing an aldehyde according to claim 1, wherein the amount is controlled to ^{-4 to} 0.6. 3. The olefinically unsaturated compound has 2 carbon atoms.
The method for producing an aldehyde according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrocarbon is a monoolefinic hydrocarbon of from 20 to 20. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the olefinically unsaturated compound is selected from propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, a mixture thereof, 1-octene and mixed octene. The method for producing an aldehyde according to the above.