JP2001204198A - Output structure of generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an output structure of a generator which ensures insulating performance equivalent to separation winding, can improve AC output performance, enables automating coil molding work, can improve workability, and makes sure commercialization possible without a skilled worker. SOLUTION: In the generator, a coil 30 for AC output and an AC/DC universal coil 31 are individually arranged in a slot 23 of a stator 14. An operation panel 4 shown in figure 6 independently of the generator has a bridge type rectifier (rectification element) 21 (which is arranged on the panel rear and not shown in figure) which rectifies an AC output of the coil 31 and converts it into a DC, and changeover switches 32a, 32b which connect the AC output of the coil 31 with the rectifier 21 and therefrom output a DC when a DC output is necessary, and can use the AC output of the coil 31 when an AC output is necessary.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an output structure of a generator such as a portable engine generator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 7 shows an example of an overall layout of a conventional portable engine generator. The portable engine generator is mainly composed of a prime mover 1, a single-phase alternator 2, a fuel tank 3 and an operation panel 4 fixed to a front surface thereof, an air cleaner 5 on a side surface, and an exhaust muffler cover 6 on a rear surface. , The crankshaft of the prime mover 1 and the shaft of the generator 2 are coaxially connected directly and coaxially.
a is grounded. The prime mover is an air-cooled 4-cycle gasoline engine, and the start is of a drawstring type (recoil starter type).

The operation panel 4 has a vinyl chloride sheet on which an operation display is attached on an iron plate as a base, a pilot lamp 8 for displaying a power generation state, and an outlet for supplying the generated AC output to a load. 9. AC circuit protector 1 which is an AC output overload protection device
0, engine switch 1 for stopping the engine
1, a terminal terminal "+ pole,-pole" 12 for supplying a DC output for charging a battery, and a DC circuit protector 13 as a DC output overload protection device are incorporated.

[0004] The generator is an open-type, fan-cooled, self-excited, single-phase AC generator, and includes a stator 14, a rotor 15, and a bracket 16 made of cast aluminum.
The coils of the stator 14 are classified into AC output coils, DC output coils, and exciter coils for excitation. Also,
The rotor becomes a rotor coil.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show examples of the circuit structure of a generator, and FIGS. 10 and 11 show circuit diagrams. FIG. 12 shows the winding state of each coil around the stator core of the stator 14 around the slot.
Shown in Normally, the DC output is taken out from a part of the AC output coil 17 as shown in FIGS.
9 and 11, an intermediate tap method for converting to DC with
As shown in FIG. 2, there is a separated winding system in which a DC output coil 18 is provided separately from the AC output coil 17, an AC output is taken out from the coil 18, and converted into DC by a rectifier 21. The AC output of the coil 17 and the DC output of the rectifier 21 are connected to the operation panel via a connector 25 (R, B).
The AC is transmitted at the r terminal, the DC is transmitted at the B and W terminals, and the ground is transmitted at G / Y. Reference numerals 19 and 1
9a is an exciter coil and its capacitor, 26a is a magnet, 26b is a spark plug, 27 is an oil sensor, and 28 is an oil alarm unit.

[0006] Generally, the former intermediate tap method is compatible with domestic standards and non-special destinations of exporting countries.
It is an inexpensive structure in terms of cost. On the other hand, the latter separated winding method is a structure corresponding to the destination of European standards, Canadian standards, etc. to ensure insulation protection between the AC coil and the DC coil (because high voltage is not generated due to any trouble when using DC. Structure). However, in order to ensure the insulation protection of the output wire take-out part, this separation winding method installs insulating paper manually (installed between the AC output line and the DC output line) by a skilled worker, which greatly reduces the work load. Was expensive and expensive.

[0007] Further, as small size, light weight and high output are required, an AC output coil is wound as much as possible to draw out to the limit of the power generation output capability. However, as shown in FIG.
3 has a total of, for example, 36 slots, and there is a limit to the coil that can be wound around one slot 23. If the limit is exceeded, the coil cannot be inserted into the slot or the cooling efficiency of the coil decreases. Cause adverse effects. Under these conditions, the number of empty slots (23a) into which the AC output coil is inserted is reduced, and the output must be reduced as compared with the intermediate tap method.

[0008]

By the way, recently, in order to harmonize the standards of this kind of portable generator, it is necessary to take a design correspondence in accordance with ISO worldwide as well as domestic standards. Therefore, the latter separated winding structure is required as the DC output structure, but it has the following problems.

[0009] 1) With the aging of the skilled workers, there is a shortage of human resources capable of coping with separation winding. 2) Manufacturing costs are high because of manual manufacturing. In addition, by supporting all specifications, the number of units increases, and it becomes impossible to cope with the production amount. 3) The smaller the generator, the worse the winding workability. 4) Even if the power generation output capability is brought out to the limit, it is a structure that is disadvantageous for small size, light weight and high output. In addition, the cost cannot be increased because the size cannot be reduced. 5) Since simultaneous use of AC and DC may not be able to reliably supply power to the load side, the display prohibits simultaneous use. However, in practice, simultaneous output of AC and DC is performed, so this is not a reliable protection measure.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has the same insulating performance as that of a separated winding.
Furthermore, the output structure of the generator can improve the AC output performance, can automate the coil molding work, improve the work efficiency, and can surely commercialize even non-experts. The purpose is to provide.

[0011]

The present invention has the following arrangement to achieve the above object. The present invention provides an AC / DC output generator in which a coil is arranged in a slot of a stator core, and an AC output coil and an AC / DC combined coil arranged as separate coils in the slot, and an AC output of the combined coil. A rectifying element for rectifying and converting to DC, and when a DC output is required, an AC output of the combined coil is connected to a rectifying element to output DC from the element, and when an AC output is required, an AC / DC combined coil is used. An output structure of the generator, comprising: a changeover switch that can use an AC output.

According to the present invention, in the generator, the AC output coil and the AC / DC combined coil are separately disposed in the slot, and when the DC output is required by the changeover switch, the AC output of the combined coil is reduced. Connected to a rectifier element to output DC from the element, and when AC output is required, the AC output of the AC / DC combined coil was used. The output of both the coil and the coil can be used, so that the number of the coils for the AC output can be reduced to obtain the same AC output as compared with the case where the conventional coil for the DC output is provided, that is, the number of slots used can be reduced. . Therefore, the number of empty slots becomes larger than before, so that it is possible to wind many AC output coils around these empty slots, and it is possible to set a small, lightweight and high-output generator.
Further, if the output is the same, the size can be reduced as compared with the conventional generator, and the stacking of the stator core and the rotor core is reduced, which leads to cost reduction. Since the empty slots are created, it is not necessary to wind an unreasonable coil into one slot, and workability at the time of coil insertion is improved. In addition, since a space is formed in the slot, the coil cooling efficiency is improved. AC voltage is basically output from the output terminal of the AC / DC combined coil, so there is no need to insulate the DC output terminal from the AC output terminal as before, while maintaining the same insulation performance as a separate winding In addition, the AC output performance can be further improved. Further, since no manual insulation work is required, the coil forming work can be automated, the work efficiency can be improved, and the product can be reliably produced without the need of a skilled person, and the problem of the successor is eliminated. Insulation paper can be eliminated and costs can be reduced. In addition, the ripple effect on other models is large.

Heretofore, simultaneous use of AC and DC in the conventional generator is prohibited in the display because there is a case where the power cannot be reliably supplied to the load side, but AC and DC are structurally output. As a result, certain safeguards were not in place. On the other hand, if the changeover switch is configured to release the AC output coil when selecting the AC / DC combined coil DC output and to prohibit the AC output, the AC coil output will surely disappear when the DC is used. Reliable protection. In the present invention, the changeover switch inhibits connection with the rectifier element when the AC output is selected, and collectively outputs the AC from both the AC output coil and the combined AC / DC coil by series connection or the like. Then, the coil in the slot can be used without waste at the time of the AC output, and the output can have a margin.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit structure of the generator according to the embodiment (at the time of AC output), FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the same (at the time of DC output), FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit of FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a slot arrangement of a stator winding;
FIG. 6 is an explanatory front view of the operation panel. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, this is an AC / DC output engine-driven portable generator in which a coil is arranged in a slot 23 of a stator core 22. Since the entire structure of this generator can be the one shown in FIG. 7 as an example, detailed description is omitted.

[0015] As shown in Figs.
In the slot 23 of the stator 14, an AC output coil 30 and an AC / DC combined coil 31 are arranged as separate coils. In addition to the generator, an operation panel 4 shown in FIG. 6 includes a bridge type rectifier (rectifying element) 21 (rectified on the rear surface of the panel and not shown) for rectifying the AC output of the combined coil 31 and converting it to DC. When DC output is required, the AC output of the combined coil 31 is connected to the rectifier 21 to output DC from the rectifier 21, and when AC output is required, the AC output of the combined AC / DC coil 31 can be used. It has a structure having the changeover switches 32a and 32b as described above.

More specifically, an AC output coil 30 and an AC / DC combined coil 31 are arranged as separate coils on the stator 22 side, and the output sides of both coils are connected via a connector 25 (AC output coil). 30 is R, Br, AC
DC combined coil 31 is B, W, ground wire is G / Y)
It is connected to the operation panel 4 side. On the operation panel 4 side, switch from common C to AC pole and DC pole 2
Pole double throw switches (32a, 32b) are provided so as to interlock in pairs. A rectifier 2 is provided on the operation panel 4 side.
1 is also provided.

The R terminal of the AC output coil 30 is connected to the connector 2
5 is connected to one pole of an AC outlet 9 and one pole of a pilot lamp 8 via an AC circuit protector 10, and a Br terminal is connected to the AC pole of one changeover switch 32a. In addition, the AC / DC combined coil 31
The W terminal is connected to the common C of one changeover switch 32a via the connector 25, and the B terminal is connected to the common C of the other changeover switch 32b via the connector 25. The DC side of one of the changeover switches 32a is connected to one AC input terminal of the rectifier 21, and the DC side of the other changeover switch 32b is connected to the other AC input terminal of the rectifier 21. The AC side of the other switch 32b is connected to the other pole of the AC outlet 9 and the other pole of the pilot lamp 8. The output terminal of the rectifier 21 is connected to the DC output terminal terminal 12. The ground of the G / Y terminal of the connector 25 is connected to the ground terminal of the outlet 9 and the ground pole of the engine switch.

At the time of AC output, the generator is operated with both the changeover switches 32a and 32b set to the AC side as shown in FIG. The R terminal of the AC output coil 30 is connected to one pole of the outlet 9 via the AC circuit protector 10. The Br terminal of the AC output coil 30 is connected to the AC switch of the changeover switch 32a.
W of the combined AC / DC coil 31 via the common C from the side
The B terminal of the combined coil 31 is connected to the other pole of the outlet 9 from the AC side contact of the changeover switch 32b. Therefore, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 1, the AC output coil 30 and the combined AC / DC coil 31 are connected in series to each other to apply a generated voltage between the poles of the outlet 9 and apply each coil to a load connected to the outlet. 3
AC power can be supplied up to the capacity limit of 0,31. At this time, the temporary side of the rectifier 21 is released by the changeover switch, and no DC voltage is applied to the DC output terminal 12 at all.

On the other hand, at the time of DC output, as shown in FIG. 2, the operation is performed with both the changeover switches 32a and 32b set to the DC side. The AC output coil 30 is connected to one pole of the outlet 9 from the R terminal of the AC output coil 30 via the AC circuit protector 10.
The AC side of the changeover switch 32a connected to the terminal is released. On the other hand, the W terminal of the combined AC / DC coil 31 is connected to the input side of the rectifier 21 via the common C of the changeover switch 32a and the DC side contact, and the B terminal of the combined coil 31 is connected to the changeover switch 32b. D
A connection state is established from the C side contact to the rectifier 21 input side. The “+” output voltage of the rectifier 21 is applied to the “+ pole” of the terminal 12 via the DC circuit protector 13, and the “−” output voltage is applied to the “− pole” of the terminal 12. Therefore, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 2, the combined AC / DC coil 31 supplies a DC voltage to the terminal terminal 12 via the rectifier 21. Thereby, the battery can be charged from the terminal terminal 12. Further, at this time, since both the changeover switches 32a and 32b are in the open state on the AC side, no voltage is applied to the outlet 9.

As described above, in the generator according to the embodiment, the AC output coil 30 and the AC / DC combined coil 31 are separately disposed in the slot 23, and when the DC output is required by the changeover switches 32a and 32b. Since the AC output of the combined coil 31 is connected to the rectifying element 21 to output a DC output from the element 21 and the AC output of the combined AC / DC coil 31 can be used when the AC output is required, When necessary, both the output of the AC output coil 30 and the output of the combined AC / DC coil 31 can be used. Fewer coils are required, that is, fewer slots are used. Therefore, as can be seen by comparing FIG. 5 and FIG. 12, the number of empty slots 23a is larger than in the prior art, so that more AC output coils can be wound in these empty slots, and a small, lightweight, high-output power generator is provided. Machine setting becomes possible. Further, if the output is the same, the size can be reduced as compared with the conventional generator, and the stack of the stator core and the rotor core can be reduced, which leads to a cost reduction. Further, since the empty slot 23a is formed, it is not necessary to forcibly wind the coil into one slot 23, and the workability at the time of inserting the coil is improved. In addition, since a space is formed in the slot, the coil cooling efficiency is improved.

Further, since an AC voltage is basically output from the output terminal of the AC / DC combined coil, the DC output terminal and the AC output terminal are connected to each other as in the related art while securing insulation performance equivalent to that of the separated winding. And the AC output performance can be further improved. Further, since no manual insulation work is required, the coil forming work can be automated, the work efficiency can be improved, and the product can be reliably produced without the need of an expert, and the problem of the successor is eliminated. Insulation paper can be eliminated and costs can be reduced. Great ripple effect on other models.

Here, the simultaneous use of alternating current and direct current in a conventional generator is prohibited in the display because there is a case where the power cannot be reliably supplied to the load side. However, the alternating current and direct current are structurally output. As a result, certain safeguards were not in place. On the other hand, if the changeover switch is configured to release the AC output coil when selecting the AC / DC combined coil DC output and to prohibit the AC output, the AC coil output will surely disappear when the DC is used. Reliable protection. Also, changeover switches 32a, 32b
If the AC output is selected, the connection with the rectifying element is prohibited, and if the AC output coil and the AC / DC combined coil are AC output collectively by series connection etc., the coil in the slot can be It can be used without waste at the time of AC output, and the output can be spared.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, the same insulation performance as that of the separated winding can be ensured, the AC output performance can be further improved, and the coil forming operation can be automated and the operation efficiency can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to ensure that even non-experts can reliably commercialize the product.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit structure of a generator according to an embodiment (at the time of AC output).

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram (at the time of DC output).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an equivalent circuit of each coil at the time of DC output.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a stator coil winding.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a layout of windings of a stator core.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an operation panel.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a general power generator.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a conventional intermediate tap generator.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a conventional separated winding type generator.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of an intermediate tap type stator coil winding.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a stator coil winding of a separation winding system.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an arrangement of stator core windings.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 AC generator 21 Rectifier 22 Stator core 23 Slot 30 AC output coil 31 AC / DC combined coil 32a, 32b switch

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An AC / DC output generator in which a coil is disposed in a slot of a stator core, wherein an AC output coil and an AC / DC combined coil disposed as separate coils in the slot; and an AC output of the combined coil. A rectifying element for rectifying and converting the DC to DC, and when DC output is required, the AC output of the combined coil is connected to a rectifying element to output DC from the element, and when AC output is required, an AC / DC combined coil A changeover switch adapted to use the AC output of the generator. 2. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the changeover switch releases the AC output coil when the DC output of the AC / DC combined coil is selected, and inhibits the AC output. Output structure. 3. The changeover switch inhibits connection with a rectifier element when AC output is selected, and collectively outputs AC from both an AC output coil and an AC / DC combined coil. The output structure of a generator according to claim 1, wherein: 4. The changeover switch according to claim 1, wherein, when the AC output is selected, the AC output coil and the AC / DC combined coil are connected in series to perform the AC output collectively. Generator output structure.