JP2001159157A - Bucket claw for excavation machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide bucket claws for an excavation machine capable of efficiently excavating even a soil lump of sand stone, conglomerate, or the like having an extremelely large excavating resistance and excellent in durability and productivity. SOLUTION: Tapered-off quadrangular pyramidal projections 14, 14 are bifurcately formed at the tips of the bucket claws for an excavation machine, and a groove 17 is longitudinally formed on each side face of each projection 14, 14. The edge 21 of each projection 14, 14 is chamfered flat or curvedly. The angle made by a pair of inside side faces of the projections 14, 14 is more acute than the angle made by a pair of outside side faces of the projections and the outside edges 21b, 21b have a part overhanging the outermost side at the rear end.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bucket claw detachably mounted on an excavator such as a power shovel and the like.
The present invention relates to a bucket claw that can efficiently excavate soil such as sandstone and clay that is difficult to excavate with small resistance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A bucket of an excavator such as a power shovel is provided with a large number of claws for excavation at a tip thereof. FIG. 7 shows a standard bucket claw 1 widely used at present. The bucket claw 1 has a wedge-shaped main body portion 11, a hollow portion 12 into which the claw engaging portion is fitted, a hole 13 for fixing to the bucket engaging portion with a pin, and a cutting edge portion 14.
Consists of Various claws in which the cutting edge portion 14 is deformed according to the application are prepared. For example, when excavating rocky soil, there is a claw of a rock bucket in which the cutting edge portion 14 projects in a spear shape.

[0003] However, when excavating soil such as sandstone or conglomerate which has a remarkable abrasion to the bucket claw, the bucket claw 1 having a flat cutting edge 14 as shown in FIG. However, there is a problem that the penetration into the soil is shallow and the excavation efficiency is extremely low. If a spear-shaped rock bucket is used as the bucket claw, the penetration becomes deeper, but there is still a problem that the excavation efficiency is low. Also, when excavating with a rock bucket, claw marks will form grooves and remain on the ground,
In some cases, it is necessary to level the ground surface after excavation, which is not preferable because extra work is required.

In view of such circumstances, the present inventor has previously proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-218446 a bucket claw in which a polygonal pyramid-shaped protrusion is provided at the tip in a forked shape. Since each protruding portion of the bucket claw has a sharp cutting edge on the side surface, there is an advantage that the excavation speed is high. However, when used for a long time on soil with extremely high excavation resistance such as sandstone and conglomerate, the cutting edge of the protruding portion was significantly worn, and it was found that there was a problem in durability. This problem is exacerbated as bucket pawls become larger. In addition, since the bucket claws are manufactured by the casting method, there is a problem that it is difficult to form a sharp ridge.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a bucket claw for an excavator which can be efficiently excavated even in soil having extremely large excavation resistance such as sandstone and conglomerate, has a long life and is excellent in mass productivity. That is.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above object, as a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that when two protruding portions having grooves in the longitudinal direction are provided at the tip of an excavator bucket claw, excavation resistance is remarkably increased. It has been found that it can be excavated efficiently on soils with extremely small excavation resistance, such as sandstone and conglomerate, and that it has a long life and excellent mass productivity compared to a structure with a sharp cutting edge. The present invention has been made.

[0007] That is, the bucket claw for an excavator of the present invention is characterized in that a bifurcated protruding portion is provided at the tip, the protruding portion is tapered, and a groove is provided in each of the protruding portions in the longitudinal direction. . Each groove preferably has a curved cross section. The overall length L ₂ of the protrusions is preferably from 0.4 to 0.8 times the total length L of the bucket claws.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the protrusions has a tapered polygonal pyramid shape, and the groove is provided in one or more side surfaces of the protrusion in the longitudinal direction. The edge of each protrusion is preferably chamfered flat or curved.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, each protrusion is tapered in the shape of a pyramid and has a longitudinal groove on each side, so that each protrusion has an inner side with respect to the angle formed by a pair of outer sides. The angle formed by the pair of side surfaces is an acute angle, and the outer edge portion has a portion protruding most outward on the rear end side.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the tip of each projection is sharply tapered, and the tip is substantially free of the longitudinal groove.

Preferably, the angle θ ₁ between the inner edges of the two projections is 10 ° to 60 °. The edge portion of the outer surface of one projection and the inner surface intersect, the angle theta ₂ formed by the edge portion which is the outer surface and an inner surface intersects the other projecting portion is 5 ° to 20 ° Is preferred.

The angle δ ₁ between the two outer surfaces of each protrusion is
60 ° to 120 °, and the angle δ ₂ formed by the two inner surfaces is 40
It is preferably between 90 and 90 degrees. Still more vertical taper angle alpha ₁ (opposite upper and lower angle edge portion forms) is 5 ° to 20 ° to the respective projecting portions, left and right taper angle (angle left and right edge portions opposing forms) alpha ₂ 10 It is preferable that the angle is from 30 to 30 °.

A groove at an arbitrary distance t from the tip of the protrusion
Width w_tIs the distance D between the edges on both sides_t30-100%
And the groove depth f_tIs the width w of the groove_t5 to 30% of
Is preferred. Also, at any distance t from the tip of the protrusion
Width c of chamfered edge _tIs the diameter r of the protrusion_tOf 5
Preferably it is 35%. Furthermore, the length L of the protruding portion_TwoTo
Length L of groove to be formed_cThe ratio L_c/ L_TwoIs 30-80%
It is preferred that

[0014]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a bucket claw according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are a plan view, a side view and a sectional view, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a bucket claw 1 of the present invention includes a main body 11 having a wedge shape, and two protruding portions 14, 14 provided in a fork shape at the tip of the main body 11. These are integrally formed. Further, in order to prevent the edge portion from being worn rapidly during excavation and to dramatically improve the life of the bucket claw 1, the edge portion 21 of each of the protrusions 14, 14 of the bucket claw 1 is flat or curved. Preferably chamfering. Edge
The chamfering of 21 makes the casting of the bucket claw 1 easy,
Not only the mass productivity is improved, but also the hardenability is improved.

[1] Main Body The main body of the bucket claw 1 for an excavator according to one embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the main body 11 has a hollow portion 12 into which the claw engaging portion of the bucket fits, and holes 13 for fixing the bucket engaging portion with pins. Projection from middle 14
A smooth slope 11a is provided along the base of the tire.
The slope 11 a is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the main body 11. Since the tip of the slope 11a located between the two projections 14 is relatively sharp, it is effective for crushing rocks and the like even when they enter between the projections 14.

As shown in FIG. 3, the total length L of the bucket claw 1
The ratio L ₁ / L of the depth L ₁ of the hollow portion 12 with respect to the 0.25 to 0.
It is preferably about 6. If L ₁ / L is less than 0.25, the engagement with the bucket claw is insufficient, and the bucket claw may be damaged during excavation. L ₁ / L is 0.
If it exceeds 6, the length of the protruding portion 14 becomes relatively insufficient, so that the amount of the protruding portion 14 piercing the soil becomes small, so that not only the excavation efficiency is low, but also the life of the bucket claw 1 is short. More preferably L ₁ / L is approximately 0.3 to 0.4.

[2] Projection (1) Shape of Projection As shown in FIG. 3, each projection 14 has a base end 141 and an intermediate part 14.
2 and the distal end portion 143. At the proximal end portion 141, the base outer surface 141a projects outward in the distal direction. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the angle β formed between the base outer surface 141a and the side surface of the main body 11 is preferably 150 ° to 175 °. Intermediate part 14
In 2, each side is inclined so that it tapers from the proximal end toward the distal end.

The upper and lower edge portions 21a of the intermediate portion 142, the angle alpha ₁ which 21a forms is preferably 5 ° to 20 °. Angle α
_{If 1} is less than 5 °, the taper of the protruding portions 14, 14 is too small, and the advancement into the soil is weak. The angle alpha ₁ is tapering is too large to be 20 ° greater, rather digging force is insufficient. A more preferable angle α ₁ is 7 ° to 15 °.

As shown in FIG. 2, on both sides of the intermediate portion 142,
Angle α between the edge portions 21b, 21b _TwoIs between 10 ° and 30 °
Preferably. Angle α_TwoIs less than 10 °
The taper of 4 and 14 is too small, and the input to the soil is weak. Ma
Angle α_TwoExceeds 30 °, the taper is too large,
Drilling power is insufficient. More preferred angle α_TwoIs 15 °
~ 25 °.

The tip portion 143 has a slope larger than that of the middle portion 142, and its shape is such that the tip end portion 15 is a rounded cylinder or a polygonal pyramid, and a groove is substantially formed. Preferably not. The taper angle γ of the tip 143 is
It is preferably 35 ° to 80 °, more preferably 50 ° to
70 °.

Each protruding portion 1 with respect to the entire length L of the bucket claw 1
The ratio L ₂ / L of the length L ₂ of 4,14 is preferably about 0.4 to 0.75. If L ₂ / L is less than 0.4, the lengths of the projections 14, 14 are relatively insufficient, and the projections 14,
In addition to the small amount of piercing, the excavation efficiency is low, and the life of the bucket claw 1 is short. If L ₂ / L is more than 0.75, the projections 14 are too long and may be damaged during excavation. The ratio of the more preferred L ₂ / L is 0.5 to 0.7.

As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the cross section of each of the projections 14, 14 is preferably a quadrilateral, and particularly preferably has a rhombic cross section having different inclination angles inside and outside. In this case, the angle δ ₁ formed by the two outer surfaces 145, 145 of each protrusion 14, 14 is
60 ° to 120 °, and the angle δ ₂ formed by the two inner surfaces 144, 144 is preferably 40 ° to 90 °. Angle δ ₂ inside the outer angle δ _{1 of} left and right edge portions 21 b, 21 b
Since the protrusions are small, the protrusions 14 and 14 maintain a good excavating force, and can easily break the rocks and tree roots sandwiched between the protrusions 14 and 14. More preferred angle δ ₁ is
A 80 ° to 100 °, more preferably the angle [delta] ₂ is 50 ° to 80
°. The cross-sectional shape of each of the protrusions 14 is not limited to a rhombus, but may be a circle, a triangle, or another polygon.

As shown in FIG. 2, the two outer surfaces 145, 14
5 protrudes outward toward the base end 141 side, and is located at the outermost position at the boundaries P, P between the intermediate part 142 and the base end 141, and the base outer surface 141a
Connected to For this reason, the resistance applied to the protruding portions 14, 14 that have penetrated the soil, rocks, etc. is significantly reduced, and the excavating force of the bucket claw 1 is increased.

Also, the inner edge portions 21b of the two projecting portions 14, 14,
21b is inclined inwardly at a slightly greater angle theta ₁ than the outer edge portion 21b toward the main body portion 11 side. Inside edge portion 21b, the angle theta ₁ which 21b is formed is preferably in the range of 10 ° to 60 °. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the angle θ ₂ formed by the upper and lower edge portions 21a, 21a of each protrusion 14 is 5 ° to 20 °.
It is preferred that

(2) Groove Each protrusion 14 of the bucket claw 1 of the present invention is provided with a groove (recess) 17 on one or more side surfaces. In the illustrated embodiment, one groove 17 is provided on each side surface of the quadrangular pyramid-shaped protrusion 14. The groove 17 has the effect of reducing the resistance during excavation and increasing the working efficiency. This is considered to be because a gap is formed between the groove 17 and the earth and sand when piercing the ground or rock, and the protrusion 14 can be smoothly extracted.

The outer shape of the groove 17 may be any shape such as an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape, but as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the elliptical shape has a width gradually increasing from the tip of the projection 14 toward the main body 11. Is preferred. By adopting such a shape, the piercing of the protruding portion 14 becomes smooth and the resistance at the time of extraction is reduced, so that efficient excavation can be performed.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the cross-sectional shape of the groove 17 provided on the side surface is curved, but is not limited to this.
It may be a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape or a square shape. Width w _t of the groove at any distance t from the tip of the protruding portion 14 on both sides of the edge portions 21a, it is preferably 30 to 100% of the distance D _t of 21b. If it is less than 30%, the resistance during excavation cannot be reduced sufficiently. FIG. 6 illustrates a case where w _t / D _t = 100%. The bucket pawl shown in FIG. 6 is advantageous for digging hard rock. More preferable w _t / D _t is 5
0 to 100%.

The depth f _t of the groove 17 is preferably 5 to 30% of the width w _t of the groove. If it is less than 5%, the resistance during excavation cannot be sufficiently reduced, and if it is more than 30%, no further improvement in the effect can be obtained. A more preferred f _t / w _t 10
~ 25%. The ratio L _c / L ₂ of the longitudinal length L _c of the groove 17 to the length L ₂ of the protruding portion 14 is preferably 30 to 80%.

(3) Edge portion If the cutting edge of each protruding portion 14, 14 of the bucket claw 1 is sharp,
The cutting blade is easily worn during use, and may be chipped when hitting hard rock or the like. Therefore, in the bucket claw 1 of the present invention, the edge portions 21a and 21b are chamfered in a flat shape or a curved shape. FIG. 4A shows a flat edge portion 21a,
FIG. 4B shows an example having a curved edge portion 21b.
An example having a and 21b is shown. The chamfering of the edge portions 21a and 21b is not essential, and may be a sharp edge portion as shown in FIG. 5, for example.

At an arbitrary distance t from the tip of the projection 14
Chamfer width c of each edge portion 21a, 21b _tIs the diameter r of the protrusion_t
(Distance between left and right edges 21b, 21b of each protrusion 14)
Is preferably 5 to 35%. Such an edge part 21
a, 21b, the protrusions 14, 14 of the bucket claw 1
Not only good wear, but also chipping during drilling
Not even. Also, as shown in FIG.
a, in the case of a shape directly in contact with 21b, a sharp corner comes out and wear resistance
Wear resistance is reduced, but large against hard ground such as rock
Excavation power can be demonstrated.

The protrusion 14 having such a shape is connected to the bucket claw 1.
In this case, it is possible to easily excavate even rocky soil, and an advantage that wear during excavation is small is obtained.
This is because the uncrushed rock that has penetrated into both projections 14,
This is considered to be due to crushing caused by the sharp inner edge 21b and the tip of the sharp slope 11a. And two outer surfaces 145, 14
Since 5 is slightly inclined outward, there is an advantage that the protrusions 14, 14 can easily enter soil, rocks, and the like.

In the bucket claw 1 of the present invention, since the protruding portion 14 provided in a bifurcated shape has a tapered shape as described above, each surface is worn out on average by excavation, and the shape of the protruding portion 14 is almost changed. Absent. Further, since the grooves 17 extending in the longitudinal direction are provided on the side surfaces of the respective projecting portions 14, the digging resistance during piercing and extraction during digging is reduced, and digging efficiency can be improved.

The material of the bucket claw 1 is not particularly limited, and can be integrally manufactured from cast iron or cast steel. Note that the main body 11, the hollow portion 12, and the hole 13 for bucket engagement may be the same as the conventional one.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, it is natural that the shape of the main body can be changed for various types of excavators such as excavators and the size can be changed for various types of buckets.

[0035]

As described in detail above, the bucket claw of the present invention has two protruding portions provided with a plurality of grooves extending in the longitudinal direction. Even the soil layer containing it has the advantages of long life and high excavation speed. Further, since the edge portion has a chamfered shape, quenching becomes easy, and not only durability is improved, but also mass productivity can be improved. The bucket claw of the present invention having such features can be widely used for excavators such as power shovels and bulldozers, and other civil engineering equipment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an excavator bucket claw of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of an excavator bucket claw of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an example of an excavator bucket claw of the present invention.

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views of each protruding portion of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of each protruding portion according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another example of the bucket claw for an excavator according to the present invention, in which a protruding portion has a sharp edge portion.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing still another example of the bucket claw for an excavator according to the present invention, in which an edge of a groove is substantially in contact with an edge portion.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of a conventional bucket claw for an excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Bucket claw 11 ... Body part 11a ... Slope 12 ... Hollow part 13 ... Hole 14 ... Projection part 15 ... Tip part 17 ... Groove 141a ... Base part Outer side surface 144 ・ ・ ・ Inner side surface 145 ・ ・ ・ Outer side surface 21 ・ ・ ・ Edge part 21a ・ ・ ・ Top and bottom edge parts 21b ・ ・ ・ Left and right edge parts

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. An excavator bucket claw provided with a bifurcated projection at a tip thereof, wherein the projection is tapered;
A bucket claw for an excavator, characterized in that each of them has a groove provided in a longitudinal direction. 2. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein each of the protrusions has a tapered polygonal pyramid shape, and the groove is provided in one or more side surfaces of the protrusion in a longitudinal direction. A bucket claw for an excavator, wherein the bucket claw is provided. 3. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein an edge portion of each protrusion is chamfered in a flat or curved shape. 4. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein each of said projecting portions has a tapered quadrangular pyramid shape and has a longitudinal groove on each side surface, and each projecting portion has a longitudinal groove. An excavator characterized in that an angle formed by a pair of inner side surfaces is more acute than an angle formed by a pair of outer side surfaces of the portion, and the outer edge portion has a portion protruding outward at a rear end side. Bucket nails. 5. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein said longitudinal groove has a curved cross section. 6. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein a tip portion of each of the protrusions is sharply tapered, and the longitudinal groove is formed at the tip portion. An excavator bucket claw substantially not formed. 7. The excavator bucket claw according to any one of claims 1 to 6, excavator, characterized in that the overall length L ₂ of the protruding portion is 0.4 to 0.8 times the total length L of the bucket claws Bucket nails. 8. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 1, wherein an angle θ ₁ between the inner edge portions of the two protrusions is 10 ° to 60 °. Excavator bucket claw. 9. The bucket claw for an excavator according to claim 4, wherein an angle δ ₁ formed between two outer surfaces of each protrusion is 60 ° to 120 °, and two inner surfaces are formed. Nasu angle [delta] ₂ is the bucket claws for an excavator, which is a 40 ° to 90 °. 10. The bucket claw for an excavator according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein an edge portion at which an outer surface and an inner surface of one protruding portion intersect, and an outer surface of the other protruding portion. angle theta ₂ is 5 ° to 20 ° formed between the edge portion where the side surfaces intersect
An excavator bucket claw, characterized in that: 11. The excavator bucket claw according to any one of claims 1 to 10, alpha ₁ (angle edge portion forms the upper and lower facing) the taper angle of the upper and lower of each protrusion 5 ° to 20 ° , and the left and right taper angle (opposite left and right angle edges are formed) alpha ₂ is an excavator bucket claws, which is a 10 ° to 30 °. 12. The excavator bucket claw according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a taper angle γ at a tip end of each protruding portion.
Is 35 ° to 80 °. An excavator according to any one of claims 3 to 12.
A distance from the tip of the protrusion
The width w of the groove at the separation t_tIs between the edges on both sides
Interval D_t30 to 100% of the groove depth f_tIs the groove
Width w_t5 to 30% of the length of the protruding portion L_TwoTo
Length L of the groove to be formed_cThe ratio L _c/ L_TwoIs 30 ~
80% bucket nail for excavator. 14. The excavator bucket claw according to any one of claims 3 to 13, the width c _t of the chamfered portion of the edge portion at an arbitrary distance t from the tip of the protrusion size of the projecting portion excavator bucket claws, characterized in that it is 5 to 35% of the r _t.