JP2001150259A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact machine tool having high rigidity and accuracy and capable of machining complex-shaped machined parts of high accuracy. SOLUTION: A chuck shaft unit 11 for freely rotatably holding a workpiece 35 and an oscillating shaft unit 14 for freely oscillatably holding the chuck shaft unit 11 are provided on the upper surface of the body base part 1 of the machine tool and a domed column 2 consisting of three side faces 2a and a lid 2b is fixed to a receiving part 1a which is the upper side of the body base part. X-, Y- and Z-axis units 15, 4 and 25 for moving a main spindle head 26 in X, Y and Z directions are provided on the upper surface of the lid 2b of the column 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool capable of processing a material into a complex and high-precision part by a multi-axis composite using a cutting tool.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a machine tool having a column structure called an enclosure type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-58252. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the machine tool, which will be described below with reference to FIG.

[0003] In FIG. 4, a column part is a main body frame 5.
1 is formed into an integrated box-shaped structure, and a material (hereinafter, referred to as a work) using a cutting tool is processed inside the box. In this structure, the XY movement axis device 53 for controlling the movement of the tool mounting device 52 having the spindle 52a for mounting the cutting tool in the XY direction in the working space of the internal space of the box-shaped main body frame 51 includes the main body frame 51. It is arranged outside.

The XY moving shaft device 53 having the tool mounting device 52 has an opening through which the tool mounting device 52 is moved. Around the opening, an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail 54 are provided. It has drive means for moving the tool mounting device 52 in the XY directions along these guide rails, and has drive means for rotating the spindle 52a.

A work mounting device 59 is provided in the work space at a position opposing the XY moving shaft device 53,
The workpiece mounting device 59 has an opening in the main body frame 51 so that the workpiece mounting device 59 can be moved in the Z direction by a moving axis device 56 for the Z axis which is mounted outside the main body frame 51. Guide rail 58.

Further, the workpiece mounting device 59 is provided so as to be rotatable with respect to two axes A and B.
In this case, the A-axis is perpendicular to the YZ plane, and the B-axis is perpendicular to the XZ plane.

[0007]

However, the prior art has the following problems. That is, when the main body frame 51 has a box-shaped structure as shown in FIG. 4 and the inside of the box is used as a working space, the XY moving shaft device 53 and the moving shaft device 56 for the Z axis are Will be attached from the outside.

As a result, the structure of each of the moving shaft devices 53 and 56 becomes a cantilever structure that receives a force in the Y direction, and it is particularly difficult to secure the rigidity of the A axis and the B axis. In addition, since each of the moving shaft devices 53 and 56 projects outward from the side surface of the wall member of the main body frame 51, the moving shaft devices 53 and 56 are overhanged outward with respect to the bottom surface area of the main body frame 51.

Due to this structure, the balance of the entire machine tool is deteriorated, the machine vibration is easily generated at the time of operation such as machining of a workpiece by the machine tool, machining at a high speed becomes difficult, and machining accuracy of the workpiece is improved. It becomes hard to find.

Further, in order to ensure the balance of the entire machine tool, the mass of the main body frame 51 which can cancel the influence of the masses of the moving shaft devices 53 and 56 is required, and the main body frame 51 needs to be enlarged. . Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a highly rigid and compact machine tool.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has as its object to provide a compact, high-rigidity, and high-precision machine tool capable of processing a high-precision, complicated-shaped cutting part. I do.

[0012]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a machine tool according to the present invention comprises a holding means for holding a work rotatably and swingably above a base portion of a main body of the machine tool. A driving means for the holding means is provided, and the holding means is arranged above the main body base portion.
Fix the pillow-shaped column consisting of one side and the top,
Each driving means for moving the spindle head in the XYZ directions is provided on the upper surface of the column.

That is, according to the machine tool of the present invention, the work holding means and the drive means are provided on the upper side of the main body base having high rigidity, and the work can be rotated and rocked with high precision. . Furthermore, the column is shaped like a sleigh to increase the rigidity of the column, and is fixed above the main body base, and each drive means of the spindle head is provided on the upper surface of the column to increase the movement of the spindle head by each drive means. Improve the accuracy and improve the balance of the entire machine tool. Therefore, it is possible to process a highly accurate and complicated work.

[0014]

(Embodiment 1) A first embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. FIG. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a machine tool partially cut away, and FIG.
3 is a side view showing the machine tool partially cut away, and FIG.
It is a -M sectional view.

In the machine tool of the present embodiment, a column 2 is provided on a receiving portion 1a, which is an upper surface of a main body base portion 1, and this column 2 is provided with a high accuracy with respect to a receiving portion 1a of the main body base portion 1. After the processing, the lower surface of the column 2 is fixedly attached to the receiving portion 1a.

The column 2 has legs 2a on the left and right sides in FIG. 1 and a back surface perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
In the state where the lower surface of the leg 2a is fixed to the receiving portion 1a of the main body base portion 1, the front portion of FIG. Shape ".

On the upper surface 2c of the lid 2b of the column 2, the Y-axis unit 4 can operate the spindle head 26 in the direction of the arrow Y (hereinafter also referred to as the Y-axis direction) which is the left-right direction in FIGS. It is arranged. The Y-axis unit 4 functioning as a Y-direction driving means includes a servomotor 6 attached to an attachment member 5 fixed to the right side of the upper surface 2c of the lid 2b, and a Y-axis direction connected to the rotation shaft of the servomotor motor 6. An extended ball screw 7, a female screw receiver 8 screwed to the ball screw 7 and fixed to the right side surface of a first frame 9 disposed through a substantially intermediate portion of the spindle head 26, and a first frame 9 And lid 2
and a Y-axis guide 10 provided between the upper surface 2b and the upper surface 2c. The Y-axis guide 10 is fixed to the upper surface 2c of the lid 2b and extends in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis guide 10 is fixed to the bottom of the first frame 9 and is fitted to the guide rail 10a to extend in the Y-axis direction. The guide rail 10a is formed of a slidable guide 10b.
A pair is provided in parallel with an interval along the axial direction. Accordingly, the Y-axis unit 4 is driven by the servo motor 6 to drive the first frame 9 through the ball screw 7 and the female screw receiver 8.
Is operated in the Y-axis direction to move the spindle head 26 in the Y-axis direction.

On the first frame 9, a spindle head 26 is attached to the left and right direction of FIG.
An operable X-axis unit 15 is provided. The X-axis unit 15 functioning as a driving unit in the X direction is
A servo motor 16 fixed to the inner surface of the frame 9 and a second frame 20 connected to the rotation shaft of the servo motor 16 and extending in the X-axis direction and provided inside the first frame 9. A ball screw 18 screwed into a female screw receiver (not shown);
An X-axis guide 19 is provided between the frame 9 and the second frame 20. The X-axis guide 19 includes a guide rail 19a fixed to the inner surface of the first frame 9 and extending in the X-axis direction,
The guide rail 19a fixed to the side surface of the second frame 20
And a guide rail 19a which is slidable in the X-axis direction by fitting into the guide rail 19a. A pair is provided. An intermediate portion of the spindle head 26 is provided through the inside of the second frame 20, and the X-axis unit 15 is moved by the Y-axis unit 4 in the Y-axis direction together with the first frame 9. In addition, the second frame 20 is operated in the X-axis direction via the ball screw 18 and a female screw receiver (not shown) by driving the servo motor 16, and the spindle head 26 is driven.
Is moved in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the spindle head 26 is
Movement in the Y-axis direction becomes possible.

The second frame 20 is provided with a Z-axis unit 25 for supporting the spindle head 26 in a manner operable in an arrow Z direction (hereinafter also referred to as a Z-axis direction) which is a vertical direction in FIGS. ing. The Z-axis unit 25 includes a spindle head 26
And a servomotor 28 fixed to the upper surface of the second frame 20
(Not shown in FIG. 1), a ball screw 29 connected to a rotation shaft of a servomotor motor 28, extended in the Z-axis direction, and screwed into a female screw receiver 30 fixed to a side surface of the spindle head 26. It comprises a Z-axis guide 27 provided between the head 26 and the second frame 20. The Z-axis guide 27
As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of guide rails 27 a extending and fixed in the Z-axis direction to the side surface of the spindle head 26, and the guide rails 27 a being fixed to the inner surface of the second frame 20.
And a slidable guide 27b. That is, the Z-axis unit 25 is connected to the Y-axis unit 4 and X
The spindle unit 15 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction by the shaft unit 15, and the spindle head 26 is moved in the Z-axis direction via the ball screw 29 and the female screw receiver 30 by driving of the servomotor 28. Therefore, the spindle head 26 can move in the XYZ axis directions.

A spindle unit 3 comprising a spindle 31 and holding means (not shown) such as a bearing for rotatably holding the spindle 31 is provided at the lower end side inside the spindle head 26.
The spindle 31 is rotatable by a built-in motor 33 incorporated in a spindle unit 34. A chuck (not shown) that holds the rotary cutting tool 32 with high precision is provided on the tip side (the lower end side in FIGS. 1 and 2) of the spindle 31.

The X-axis unit 15 and the Z-axis unit 25
The spindle unit 34 is arranged and adjusted with high precision above the column 2 via the Y-axis unit 4. The lid 2b of the column 2 is provided with an opening 2d so as not to hinder the movement of the spindle head 26 in the XYZ axis directions.
An opening (not shown) through which at least the spindle head 26 can pass is formed so as not to hinder the movement in the XZ direction.

Below the rotary cutting tool 32, a work 35 is held by a chuck shaft unit (hereinafter, referred to as a B-axis unit) 11, and a work base 35 of the main body base 1 surrounded by the legs 2a of the column 2 is provided. It is arranged above the upper surface 1a. The B-axis unit 11 includes a chuck 36a for holding the work 35 and a spindle 36 having the chuck 36a at the tip. The work 35 is inserted into the spindle 36 through the chuck 36a provided on the spindle 36 as shown in FIG. A built-in motor 38 that rotates in the direction of the arrow with the axis as the center line is provided. This B axis unit 11
Is held with high precision by a swing shaft unit (hereinafter, referred to as an A-axis unit) 14 having an A-axis orthogonal to the B-axis, and is parallel to a receiving portion 1a which is an upper surface of the main body base portion 1.
It is swingable around the axis of the shaft.

The A-axis unit 14 is provided as a pair on a trunnion 40 for holding a spindle 36 and a receiving portion 1a of the main body base portion 1 so as to sandwich both sides of the trunnion 40.
One of the housing 39 that holds the shaft portion 40a of the trunnion 40 extending in the A-axis direction in a swingable manner with a rotating means such as a bearing interposed therebetween and a housing 39 on the back side (the right side in FIG. 2). Worm wheel 41 provided on the tip side of the shaft portion 40a of the main body 1 and the receiving portion 1 of the main body base portion 1
The worm 4 provided on the drive shaft of the motor 42 fixed on the
3 and the rotation of the motor 42
To the worm wheel 41, and the trunnion 40 is held by the housing 39 via the shaft portion 40a and swings around the A axis as a center line. The built-in motor 3
8 is connected to an electric wire 37 from an external power supply (not shown) through a hole 40b provided in the shaft portion 40a of the trunnion 40.

Center of rotation of the B-axis unit 11 (B-axis)
The swing center (A-axis) of the A-axis unit 14 and the A-axis unit 14 are arranged with high accuracy so as to be orthogonal to each other. Swings in the direction, that is, the X-axis direction. In addition, A
The direction of the axis coincides with the Y-axis direction, and the B-axis unit 11
Can be matched with the Z-axis direction or with the Y-axis direction. In the present embodiment, the swing angle is more than 10 degrees, and the swing angle is more than 10 degrees.
(A swing angle of 90 degrees or more).

The Y axis unit 4, X axis unit 15,
The Z-axis unit 25 and the spindle unit 34 are positioned with high precision via the column 2 on the receiving portion 1a of the main body base 1 which has been machined with high precision.

Further, the Y-axis unit 4 and the X-axis unit 1
5, Z-axis unit 25 and spindle unit 34,
A control device (not shown) for controlling the B-axis unit 11, the A-axis unit 14, and the rotary cutting tool 32 in synchronization with each other is provided. In addition, small windows 44 are provided on both sides of the leg 2a of the column 2 so that the processing state of the work 35 can be observed.

According to the machine tool of the present embodiment, XYZ
Shaft units 15, 4, 25 and spindle unit 3
The rigidity of the column 2 is measured by making the column 2 on which the plate 4 is placed in a sleigh shape, and the column 2 can be fixed on the main body base portion 1 to achieve compactness. In addition, by mounting the XYZ axis units 15, 4, 25 and the spindle 34 on the column 2, positioning can be performed with high precision, and even a complicated component can be processed with high precision.

As a modified example of the present embodiment, in FIG. 1, a bridging member is connected to the base of the left and right legs 2a of the column 2 on the opening 3 side together with the receiving portion 1a which is the upper surface of the main body base 1. The front rib 45 is provided as a member (see the left side of the receiving portion 1a in FIG. 2). Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

According to the above-described modification, the lower surface of the column 2 for fixing the column 2 to the receiving portion 1a of the main body base 1 is connected to the two opposing legs 2a of the three legs 2a. The front rib 45 spanned between the base portions can form a box structure, thereby further increasing the rigidity of the pillar-shaped column 2.

The following technical idea is derived from the specific embodiment. (Supplementary note) (1) A holding means for rotatably and swingably holding the work and a driving means for the holding means are provided above the main body base of the machine tool. A pillow-shaped column consisting of three side surfaces and an upper surface surrounding the holding means is fixed, and each driving means for moving the spindle head in the XYZ-axis directions is provided on the upper surface of the column. A crossover member is provided between two side surfaces located at the same position.

According to the machine tool of the above (1), the rigidity of the column can be increased by forming the column into a sleigh shape, and the column can be reduced in size. Further, the column can be mounted on the upper surface of the main body base of the machine tool so that the machine tool can be made compact. In addition, a driving means for moving the spindle head in the XYZ directions is provided on the highly rigid column. This enables high-precision movement of parts, and enables the processing of complex high-precision parts. Also,
By providing the bridging member on the opening side of the column, the rigidity of the column can be further increased.

[0032]

As described above, according to the machine tool of the present invention, the rigidity of the column can be increased by forming the column into a sleigh shape, and the size of the column can be reduced. Further, the column can be mounted on the upper surface of the main body base of the machine tool so that the machine tool can be made compact. In addition, a driving means for moving the spindle head in the XYZ directions is provided on the highly rigid column. This enables high-precision movement of parts, and enables the processing of complex high-precision parts.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line MM of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Main body base part 2 Column 3 Opening 4 Y-axis unit 6,16,28,42 Servo motor 7,18,29 Ball screw 8,30 Female screw receiver 9 First frame 10 Y-axis guide 11 Chuck axis unit (B-axis) Unit) 14 swing axis unit (A-axis unit) 15 X-axis unit 19 X-axis guide 20 second frame 25 Z-axis unit 26 main shaft head 27 Z-axis guide 31 spindle 32 rotary cutting tool 33, 38 built-in motor 34 spindle unit 35 Work 36 Spindle 39 Housing 40 Trunnion 41 Worm wheel 43 Worm 45 Front rib

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A holding means for rotatably and swingably holding a work and a driving means for the holding means are provided above a main body base portion of a machine tool, and the holding means is provided above the main body base portion. A machine tool characterized by fixing a pillow-shaped column composed of three side surfaces and an upper surface surrounding a holding means, and each driving means for moving a spindle head in XYZ directions on the upper surface of the column.