JP2001148274A - Ground electrode installing method and ground electrode - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable to find a suitable reciprocal distance between more than two ground electrodes and a reciprocal distance from natural earth in the case of deep underground independent grounding ground electrodes. SOLUTION: At a logarithmic plotting, X-axis is plotted by the value of a/r multiplied by an integer, and Y-axis is plotted by η, where r is the equivalent radius of two ground electrodes, and a is the distance between two ground electrodes, and η is the set coefficient of ground resistance with the upper limit of 2. The logarithmic graphs of increasing curve with positive number and decremental straight line, which shows the decrease of η of ground electrodes, express the decreasing coefficient of voltage characteristically. And, since the ground resistance between reciprocal double ground electrodes has nothing to do with earth resistivity, scale of grounding is negligible, and so the distance and the like of double-pole ground electrodes can be found from the graph. Further, the separation distance between each ground electrode can be known from either line of the curve or the oblique line.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention provides a graph of a resistance area of a ground electrode and a graph of a potential rise range with respect to an equivalent radius of a ground electrode. The distance and depth between the ground electrode and other grounding systems to prevent theoretical interference voltage from entering.
In other words, effective separation from other grounding systems and natural grounding systems,
The present invention relates to a buried point separated from the ground electrode, a graph supporting the theoretical value, and a setting method. In addition, in the soil at a certain depth on the ground surface, the insulation depth can function as a ground electrode that is electrically independent at a predetermined depth, and it has an effective separation distance from other grounding systems. It relates to a grounding method for installing a deep buried insulated independent ground electrode.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, there has been no need to pay attention to the intervals between installations of a plurality of ground electrodes, the installation locations, and the installation intervals between a ground electrode and natural ground, that is, the underground portion of a building or the like. There was no construction method to use a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode that is electrically insulated from other grounding systems. In addition, there is no appropriate reference document or the like, and as a result, there was an accident example due to a ripple voltage from the ground electrode.

[0003]

In the case where a plurality of ground electrodes are provided, a method for easily setting the buried space, the buried point, the space between the buried ground and the natural ground, and the buried depth and insulation depth is developed. Needed. Also, after construction work,
It also required a measurement method that verifies the setting results accurately.
In this way, when the grounding electrode is formed and buried without setting the burying point and insulation depth in detail, it is necessary to re-measure the effects on other grounding systems in detail after the completion of the construction. .

[0004]

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a graph of the theoretical formula of the grounding work, prepares a graph of the theoretical formula, and also uses a verification measurement method after the completion of the work. And grounding work derived from the graphs, their setting methods, and calculated values.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio show that the lines 4, 5, 8, and 9 are theoretically 50% and 25% at 2.times.r intervals, respectively. In the graph, the X value is common, ie, a / r = n, which is a magnitude relationship with the installation interval a with respect to the equivalent radius r of the ground pole, and R _{L which is} a magnitude relationship of the ground resistance.
In the present invention, a multiple n of the mutual relation of the ground electrodes and a corresponding value of Y are taken as in the case of R _L / R _S = n times that of the pair R _S. According to the present invention, the ground generated by the ground electrode voltage, the voltage to be spread to other ground-based and protected objects, i.e., alpha% and alpha _1%
And a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode.

(Claims) Claims 1, 2, 3,
4,5,5.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The first invention is as follows. From hemisphere (bowl shape) of the ground 1 center of radius r in FIG. 1, G. contained until r ₁ Assuming that the underground ground resistance below L3 is R ₁ and the ground resistivity is ρ, the ground resistance R ₁ is calculated as follows.

R ₁ = ρ / 2π ((1 / r) − (1 / r ₁ )) Also, the ground resistance R of the hemispherical ground electrode having a radius r is

R = ρ / (2πr) If the equivalent radius of R ₁ smaller than the ground resistance of R is r, the equivalent radius of R is r ₁ and the ratio is α, α indicates the resistance area of the ground electrode. The α end indicates the ratio of the voltage to which the voltage of the ground electrode spreads, and the calculation is as follows.

Α = (R ₁ / R) × 100% = (r ₁ / r) × 100% Here, α represents a ground resistance area, and the ground resistivity ρ becomes irrelevant. The interval ratio between r ₁ and r is a ground resistance area multiple n · r where r ₁ / r is n.
_{It is determined by 1} and the r ratio of the equivalent radius of the ground pole. The voltage end spreading from the ground resistance area end and the ground electrode, that is, the voltage value V spreading to the end, is expressed in%. N · r spacing from the ground pole,
That is, the voltage spread to r ₁ interval points may also be calculated as follows as alpha.

Α = (r ₁ / r) × 100% Equivalent radius r, which is the resistance area of the ground electrode, and a certain distance r ₁
The same relationship can be applied to ground electrodes of other various shapes. In the case of the deeply buried ground electrode of FIG. 2, the equivalent radius r is obtained by the following equation.

R = L / (Ln ((4L / d) -1)) L is the buried length (depth) of the ground electrode, and d is the equivalent radius of the ground electrode cross section. To the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode, one multiples n of up to ground resistance zone spacing r ₁ of the ground electrode is calculated as follows.

## EQU6 ## n = r ₁ / r r ₁ is expressed by n multiples of r. α ₁ % is equal to the ground electrode r
From the voltage.

Α ₁ = 1−α Table 1 shows the calculated values of Equations 1 to 7.

[Table 1] α ₁ % is a reduction rate of the voltage from the ground electrode r. However, if the reading is changed, it can be simultaneously expressed as a ripple rate. From Table 1 of the calculation results of Expressions 1 to 7, r
₁ That nr, alpha, fill alpha _1, and had a logarithmic graph is FIG. On the right side of the logarithmic graph of FIG. 3, an integer multiple nr of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode is taken, and r and Y of the equivalent radius of the X left ground electrode are positive numbers of α = r / r1 × 100%.
The resistance area of the ground electrode is from 0.01% to 100%, and the plotted line is a curve 4 which rises to the right, and the voltage of r is n ·
When the α ₁ % value line of the voltage value to be reduced at the point r is plotted, the graph of the voltage relationship becomes a slanting line 5 falling to the right. Here, the intersections of X and Y indicate lines 4 and 5 in the resistance area graph α, and when the reading is changed, the rising voltage of the ground electrode spreads to the interval of r ₁ and the reduction ratio at the same time decreases. ing. Also, reduced line 2 spillover rate whose voltage ripple corresponds with the first curve, the graph alpha ₁ which intersects the Y right number 2 represents simultaneously reduce rate of voltage v. The line 5 of α ₁ % indicates the rate of reduction of the voltage from the ground electrode r. However, if the way of reading is changed, it can be expressed simultaneously as the ripple rate. Ground resistance R
₂ and R ₁ are each has an equivalent radius of each earth electrode.
Since the ground resistance area of the ground pole is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of r times the ground resistance area of the two poles is also calculated as follows.

R ₂ / R ₁ = n That is, when R ₂ : R ₁ is 2: 1, 2 when 3 and 3: 1, 3;
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. From the above calculation, it can also be represented by the voltage spread range α.

Α = (R / (R ₁ × R ₂ / (R ₁ + R ₂ )) −
1) × 100% α = ( α 1 -1.0) from the ground voltage × 100% ground electrode _{R 1} is _{R 1} earthing, how much computational ground voltage of either percentage spread to other objects Can be done. That is, the magnitude of the voltage spreading from the ground electrode to the other ground electrode can be known as a percentage value. The graph of FIG. 3 indicates that X is n · n times an integer n times the equivalent hemisphere radius r of the ground pole.
When r is taken, Y represents α representing both the ground resistance area and the ripple voltage.
%, And the voltage reduction spread rate α ₁ % from the ground electrode is also shown. The ground electrode provided in the above setting is based on the calculation method of the voltage ripple ratio α and the illustrated method. Graph lines 4 and 5 change the reading, and when the relationship between the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate α is read in reverse,
That is, α ₁ −1 can be obtained, and the graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate of both 4 and 5 theoretically become 50% at 2 × r intervals. In the logarithmic graph, X is the equivalent radius times R _L / R
_S = integer of n, Y is a positive number of 1 / n, and the upper limit is 1, that is, 100%. With such a graph, it is possible to calculate how much the ground voltage of the ground electrode r spreads from the r ground electrode to other objects. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. It is characterized by the fact that the effective separation distance from other grounding systems has been confirmed, that is, the calculation method of the separation distance from other grounding poles and natural grounding, the ripple rate α of the voltage, and the drawing method thereof are expressed. The graph of FIG. 3 can be plotted on the enlarged graph of Y in the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19. However, the logarithmic graph of FIG. There is an advantage that the graph can be stretched in a similar manner. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a grid characterized in that a calculation result of a resistance area of a ground electrode, a ground voltage spread rate, or a reduction rate of a ground voltage is represented in a graph of 100 to ≫1%, or The logarithmic graph looks like a partially enlarged graph, and a construction method of installing or constructing the ground electrode or the grounding work at an appropriate interval and depth using the present log and the logarithmic graph.

The second invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that _two ground poles R ₁ and R ₂ are provided at a location of ground specific resistance ρ, with two hemispherical ground poles having an equivalent radius r having an installation interval of a. Assuming that the current flowing through the two ground electrodes is I,
A current of I / 2 flows through each ground electrode. Assuming that a point P is set at an arbitrary point in the ground, the distances from the two electrodes are X and X ', and the potential at the point P is Vp, Vp becomes It is calculated as follows:

Vp = (ρ (I / 2)) / 2πX + (ρ (I
/ 2)) / 2πX 'If the point P is set on the surface of one hemispherical electrode, the potential V of the ground electrode system is determined. From the formula of Equation 10, this R ₁ ,
Ground resistance R in parallel synthesize R ₂ is calculated as follows.

R = (ρ / 4πr) · (1 + r / a) where
a≫r The second term of Equation 11 represents the set coefficient η, which is determined independently of the ground resistivity ρ. The set coefficient η changes depending on a / r = n.

Η = 1 + r / ar where r / a is α from Table ◎, and when calculated as follows, the graph display is as shown in FIG.

Y = 1 + r / a-1 α = Y-1 = 1 + r / a-1 = r / a When X is n, Y is represented by a / n, that is, α.
A logarithmic graph can be created as follows. In the case where X is n and Y corresponding to n is 1 + r / a, the calculation is performed as follows. However, since the upper limit of the set coefficient of two-pole parallel is 2,
Set the upper limit of y to 2.

## EQU14 ## Y = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X When X is 1, Y = 1 + 1/1 = 2 When the graphs of X and Y are plotted in this way, Y is 1 plus 1 / X. The display is as shown in FIG. More specifically, the Y graph 0.9 + 1 of FIG. 3 can be set to 1.9, and 1 + 1 can be set to 2, and the portion corresponding to y = 1 in the normal logarithmic graph is set to 2 様 like a grid scale. It can be expressed as an integer value of 1. Grounding resistor R ₂ and R ₁ are, each having an equivalent radius of each earth electrode. Since the ground resistance area of the ground pole is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of r times the ground resistance area of the two poles is also calculated as follows.

R ₂ / R ₁ = n That is, when R ₂ : R ₁ is 2: 1, 2 when R ₂ : R ₁ is 3;
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 5 is a logarithmic graph showing an embodiment of the present invention;
X in the logarithmic graph is a multiple of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode with respect to the interval a of the ground electrode. Table 2 shows the calculated values of Equations 10 to 15 in a table.

[Table 2] The ground electrode provided in the above setting is provided by the method of calculating the voltage ripple ratio α. By changing the reading of the graphs 7 and 6, the relationship between the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio α can be read in reverse. This graph is a square graph of FIG.
This logarithmic graph can be made like an enlarged partial diagram of Y, but the logarithmic graph FIG. 5 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2 and 3 is easy to read, and the graphs of small numerical values 1 to ≫1 of graph Y are It has the advantage of being prolonged. In the logarithmic graph, expressing 1 of y with respect to X to 2 can be handled by the following calculation. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 for an integer value of X, ie, 1.5 or 1.
It is an integer value such as 2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and the Y value is obtained by adding 1.0 to the variable of 1 / X, and 1 of Y is 1
A graph can be expressed by + 1/1 = 2. The calculation considering the first term 1+ of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression is as follows.

Y = 1 + 1 / X１６η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X According to the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2, and X is not an integer. 1.2, 1.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. For example, when a graph in which Y is 0.999999 immediately above 1 is used, a value of 1 is added to this value, 0.00001 is further added, and 1 of Y is set to 2. There is an advantage that can be used for similar expressions. Thus, the parallel coefficient η is also 2.0
It is expressed in the range of ~ 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively, and it becomes possible to use either the curve or the diagonal line of the graph as a target graph by changing the use target value or writing it together. By subtracting 1 from the first term of the formula Y = in the formula 16, the graph of claim 1 can be obtained, and the graph can be returned to the logarithmic graph of the normal display. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. As shown in Table 3, the distribution regulations JEAC70
87 described in Table 1-27 set coefficient (η) of 01
The numerical values as the experimental data of the five poles are represented by the graph line 6 in FIG.
Indicates that the measured value is always below the maximum theoretical value.

[Table 3] Since the ground resistance relationship between the two ground poles and the ground resistivity are irrelevant, the ground scale is also irrelevant.
From this graph, it is possible to obtain a method of obtaining the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, the distance from the natural ground, and the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode. The graph also the inverse of the reduction spread rate alpha ₁ in the ground voltage ripple from the ground electrode taken Y, may be determined n mutual distance a of the ground electrode from the X value. That is, n of the mutual interval a between the ground electrodes of X is obtained from the ground voltage of Y and the reduced voltage ratio. From the above, Y of the logarithmic graph is represented as a normal grid scale. According to the second aspect of the present invention, by changing either the curve or the diagonal line of the graph, or any one of them, the intended use value, the resistance area α of the ground electrode or the two-pole parallel The parallel coefficient of 2 to ≫
1. A grid, or a partially enlarged logarithmic graph, or a logarithmic graph, in which the calculation result of the ground voltage transmission rate or the reduction rate of the ground voltage is expressed in a graph of 100 to ≫1%. At an appropriate interval applying the graph, ground electrode or
It will be a construction method of installing or performing grounding work.

The third invention is as follows. When installing two poles of the ground electrode as in FIG. 6, there is always the magnitude relationship to the ground resistance of the two poles, the earth electrode and R1, R2, of which a small earth resistance R _S larger and R _L I do. In addition, as shown in FIG.
If there is a natural grounding system as described above, set it to either _RS or _RL . When the low ground resistance value _RS and the high ground resistance value _RL of the ground electrode are combined in parallel, the measured ground resistance R
Is always larger than the ground resistance _RC value calculated in parallel. The parallel coefficient η of two-pole parallel is interposed in the ratio between the measured value R and the parallel calculated value _RC . The calculation of the parallel coefficient η of the two-pole parallel is as follows.

Η = R / (1 / (1 / _RS + 1 / _RL )) = R / ( _RS × _RL / ( _RS + _RL )) = R / _RC where _RC = ( R _S × R _L / (R _S + R _L )) The upper limit of the parallel coefficient η of the two ground poles is 2.0, and the η value becomes smaller as the installation interval a becomes larger.
There is a relation of 0≫1.0. Further, when the ground resistances of the two ground poles disposed at a certain interval a are R _S and R _L , R _S <R
_{If L} and R _S = R, the parallel coefficient η is calculated as follows.

Η = _RS / ( _RS × _RL / ( _RS + _RL )) = _RS ( _RS + _RL ) / _RS × _RL = ( _RS + _RL ) / _RL = 1 + R _S / R _L Further, when ground resistances R _S and R _L are provided at a minute interval and the parallel combination is made, the parallel combined resistance R becomes close to R _S , so that R _L
Assuming that = R _S , the parallel coefficient η is calculated to the maximum value 2 of two-pole parallel as follows.

Η = 1 + _RS / RL = 1 + _RS / _RS = 2.0 Each of the ground resistors R _S and R _L has an equivalent radius for each ground pole. Since the ground resistance area of the ground electrode is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of the ground resistance area of the two poles is calculated as follows.

Equation 20] RL _{/ R} S = n _ie, R L: _{R S} 2: 1 case of 2,3: 1, 3,
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. This graph can be plotted as an enlarged partial view of Y in the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG.
This logarithmic graph, which can be shared with the graph of FIG. 3, is easy to read, and has the advantage that the graph of the small numerical part 1 to ≫1 of the graph Y can be extended, and the graph where R _S / R _L = 1 is obtained. When R = _RS = _RL , η = 1 + _RL / _RL = ≫2.0
And can be expressed as 2 which is the maximum value at the time of two-pole parallel operation. In the logarithmic graph, expressing 1 of y with respect to X to 2 can be handled by the following calculation. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 for the integer value of X, ie, an integer value such as 1.5 or 1.2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and the Y value is 1 / X
Is added to the variable of, and 1 of Y can be represented by a graph of 1 + 1/1 = 2. Also, 1+ (1 / X) of the parallel coefficient display
Considering the first term (1+), the calculation is as follows.

Y = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X η η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X By the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2. X is other than an integer.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. As described above, the parallel coefficient η is also expressed in the range of 2.0 to 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively. It can be used as a graph. Since the grounding resistance relationship between the two grounding poles and the ground resistivity are irrelevant, the grounding scale is also irrelevant. From this graph, the graph shows the distance between the grounding poles of the two poles installed, the separation distance from natural grounding, A method for determining the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode can be used. From the above calculations, the Y graph is represented as a normal grid scale. Table 4 shows the calculated values of Equations 17 to 21 as a table.

[Table 4] From the above calculations, it is difficult to set η to 1.0, but 1.
It can be close to zero. That is, it is necessary to increase the distance a between the two ground electrodes or to increase the insulation depth h2 of the deeply buried independent ground electrode in FIG. From the parallel coefficient η, the ripple rate α% at which the ground voltage of the ground electrode spreads to other ground systems is calculated. In the case of a ground resistance with two ground electrodes connected in parallel,
The parallel coefficient η is always 2 to ≫1, and is calculated as follows. As shown in FIG. 14, n is an integer n times the equivalent hemisphere radius r.
When the space between the hemispherical ground electrodes R1 and R2 is provided at the position of r as shown by a, the measured ground resistance R is R _L × R _S / (R
_L + R _s ). The increase is the set coefficient η, which is calculated as follows.

Η = R / ( _RL × _RS / ( _RL + _RS ))

Α = (R / ( _RL × _RS / ( _RL + _RS ))
_{-1) × 100% α 1 =} (η-1.0) × 100% In other words, the ground voltage of the ground electrode _{R L} is, as a ground voltage from the _{R L,} with respect to the ground electrode and the natural ground of the other objects, It is calculated whether the α% spreads. Reduced voltage from the ground electrode alpha _1%
Is related to the ground poles, and the parallel coefficient η
There is a relationship in which the value spreads between the _RL and _RS poles. This graph can be plotted on the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19 as an enlarged partial view of Y. However, the logarithmic graphs 5 and 8 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3 are easy to read. There is an advantage that the graph of small numerical parts 1 to ≫1 of Y can be extended, and when R _S / R _L = 1 in the graph and R = R _S = R _L η = 1 + R _L / R _L = ≫2. It becomes 0 and can be expressed as close as possible to 2 which is the maximum value in two-pole parallel operation. The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio are theoretically 2 × for both 7 and 8.
It becomes 50% at r intervals. When grounding resistance R ₁ and a natural ground or the like 7 of Figure 7 is known to investigate the terrain geology, R ₂ a certain distance
The earth electrode is provided to measure the parallel combined resistance of the _{R 2} single ground resistor and _R 1, _{R 2.} There are always large and small relation to the ground resistor R ₁ and R _2, the larger the ground resistance R _L, the smaller the R
_S , and the ratio n is calculated as n = _RL / _RS .
If the grounding construction scale is unknown and the grounding resistance is known, it is easy to provide an interval between the grounding poles and the natural grounding. The graph also shows the reduced ripple rate α of the ground voltage spreading from the ground pole.
The reciprocal of ₁ is taken as Y, and from the X value, the mutual interval a
Can be obtained. That is, n of the mutual interval a between the ground electrodes of X is obtained from the ground voltage of Y and the reduced voltage ratio. From the above, from this graph, the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like can be easily obtained. As shown in Table 5, the distribution regulations JEAC
7001, described in Table 1-27 set coefficient (η),
When the values of the experimental data of 875 poles are entered in the graph of FIG. 5, it can be seen that the measured values are always lower than the theoretical values.

[Table 5] The ground electrode R ₁ and the other ground-based and R _2, to measure the ground resistance R of the two-pole parallel synthesis connections, the parallel factor η interposed the parallel combined resistance R, by measurement and calculation, the insulating independently grounded electrode , That is, a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode and its spread α can be calculated. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. According to a third aspect of the present invention, when two ground electrodes are combined in parallel, the maximum value of the parallel coefficient η, that is, the ground resistance R _L / R _S is added to X in the logarithmic graph.
Integer value indicating the resistance zone of R, 1 to ≫1, R
The positive value of _S / _RL is taken, the reading of the graph is set to 1 + _RS / _RL of the two-pole parallel coefficient η, and the resistance area of the ground electrode is 2 to 2.
≫1, the ground voltage spread rate or the calculation result of the reduction rate of the ground voltage is expressed in a graph of 100 to ≫1%, and the right scale of the Y axis is set to the ground voltage spread rate α of 100 to ≫1%, and the ground voltage reduction. logarithmic graph, grid graph is characterized in that the rate alpha _1, semi-log plot, the partial logarithmic graph the X-axis that the tics until 2-1, spacing between the second ground electrode, spaced distance between the natural ground, the depth A buried depth of the buried insulated independent ground electrode is a ground electrode that is appropriately determined.

The fourth invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 9, it is assumed that a spherical ground electrode R1 having a radius r is buried at a depth d from the ground surface GL. Ground resistance R in this case
1 is as follows.

R1 = ρ / 4πr When the burying depth d is zero, it is the same as when a hemispherical electrode is buried on the ground surface. Therefore, the ground resistance is R '.

If Equation 25] R '= ρ / 2πr sphere ground electrode R ₁ buried deep insulating depth h2 has a value of up to 0~∞, if there is a earth sphere earth pole of R2 as in FIG. 10 Assuming that the ground resistance is expected to be an intermediate value between R2 and R1, the approximate value can be obtained by using the superposition and the image method. When a second spherical electrode R2 having a radius r is introduced at a height d from the ground surface in FIG. 10, the second electrode hits an image in the image method. It is assumed that a current I is flowing from both electrodes into the ground. As shown in FIG. 10, assuming that a point in the ground at a distance x, x ′ from the center of both electrodes is p and its potential is Vp, Vp can be expressed as follows using the principle of superposition.

Vp = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / x) + (1 / x ′)) When a point p is taken on the surface of the R1 electrode, the potential V thereat becomes as follows.

V = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / r) + (1 / 2d)) However, if 2d≫r, the ground resistance of the R1 pole is as follows.

R1 = (ρ / 4πr) × (1+ (1 / 2d)) In the above equation, if d → ∞, the second term in parentheses disappears and R1 becomes as follows.

R1 = (ρ / 4πr) Table 6 shows the calculated values of Equations 24 to 29.

[Table 6] In the logarithmic graph, X is an integer multiple of d / r of a spherical ground electrode having a radius r embedded at d depth not connected to the ground surface by a conductor, and 1+ (r / 2d) or r / Assuming a positive numerical value of 2d, the graph is as shown in FIG. 11, and the graph lines 8 and 9 become a half graph of FIG. In FIG. 11, when the graph line 5 of FIG. 5 is shown by a dotted line, half of the line 9 is confirmed. The ground rise voltage between the underground electrode and the ground electrode or the natural ground on the ground can represent a ripple rate of a strong or weak voltage that spreads to another ground electrode. The relationship between the resistance area and the voltage transmission rate α can be read in reverse by changing the reading of the curve 8 and the transmission voltage oblique line 9 representing the resistance area in the graph. This graph,
From this graph, the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like can be easily obtained. The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage spread ratio are both 25% theoretically at 2 × r 2r intervals for both lines 8 and 9. That is, it is one half of the equivalent radius of the hemispherical ground pole. The fact that 1 on the y-axis of the logarithmic graph can be expressed as 2 can be dealt with by the following calculation. What is required in the present invention is that the graph of Y has a maximum value of X which is not more than 2 and 1.5, that is, a numerical value such as 1.5 or 1.2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. When the Y value of the logarithmic graph is 1 / X, the set coefficient η
Is 1 + 1 / X, the Y value is 1 / X, and 1.0 is added to the variable. The Y position can be represented by 1 + 1/1 = 2. Considering the first term (1+) of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression, the calculation is as follows. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 with respect to the integer value of X, that is, an integer value such as 1.5 or 1.2, where X is a multiple of n times d / r. It is. The Y value as described above corresponds to the two-parallel parallel set coefficient η value of the spherical ground electrode. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X,
The set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, the Y value is 1.0 by adding 1 / X to the variable, and 1 of Y is 1 + 1/1 = 2, so that the graph can be expressed. The calculation taking into account the first term (1+) of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression is as follows.

Y = 1 + 1 / X３０η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X According to the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2, and X is not an integer. 1.2, 1.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. As described above, the parallel coefficient η is also expressed in the range of 2.0 to 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively. It can be used as a graph. From the above calculations, the Y graph is represented as a normal grid scale. By using this graph, the calculation result of the ground voltage ripple rate or the reduction rate of the ground voltage, such as the distance from the natural ground, the insulating part 11 of the insulating independent ground electrode and the depth h1, etc. At a proper interval and depth, a construction plan for installing or constructing a ground electrode or grounding work can be made. Length h1 of electrode radius d in FIG.
The ground electrode 10 taken on the ground G. It becomes an insulated electric wire having a length h2 from L or a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode to which an electric cable (cable) 11 is connected. In FIG. 12, if there is a natural ground R2 such as an underground structure, the separation distance a thereof can be easily read from the graph. This graph is shown in FIG.
19, the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19 can be plotted on an enlarged partial view of the Y axis, but the logarithmic graph FIG. 11 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3 is easy to read, and the numerical portion 1 of the Y axis is small. There is an advantage that the graph of ≫1 can be extended, and when R _S / R _L = 1 in the graph is R = R _S = R _L η = 1
+ R / 2d = 1.5, and the maximum value when two poles are parallel is 1.5
become. On the X axis, that is, on the horizontal axis, the ratio of the intervals of the ground resistance areas,
When the ratio between the two ground poles and the ratio between the two ground resistances are taken, the corresponding graphs of Y are the same as those in FIGS. 3, 5, and 8, and
A graph common to the graphs of claim 1, claim 2, and claim 3 can be made, and the explanation relation of the contents becomes the same. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. The present invention is characterized in that it is expressed in a graph of 100 to $ 1% that spreads from an underground electrode and a ground electrode or an underground ground electrode to another grounding system or natural grounding. A graph or a logarithmic graph, and the graph of FIG. 11 showing the transmission rate of the strong and weak voltages, and the distance between the grounding poles provided with two poles, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation independent The ground electrode is obtained by determining the insulation depth of the ground electrode.

The fifth invention is as follows. The present invention
The present invention relates to a measurement for confirming whether or not the grounding work function is effective for the settings of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. Also, the present invention relates to a measurement method for confirming whether or not it can function as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode. As shown in FIG. 13, in order to measure the parallel combined ground resistance R of the ground resistances R ₁ and R ₂ of the two ground electrodes, a measurement wire is connected to the current-carrying auxiliary pole C for measurement and the auxiliary pole P for voltage detection. _1, also to connect the measuring current supply line in parallel to the two poles of R _2. At this time, the electric wires B and B ′ branched from the measuring current conducting wire A connected to the two ground poles and connected to the ground poles R1 and R2.
Have the same conductor resistance, that is, use the same cross-sectional area and the same length from the branch point C. Also, the voltage detection wire is connected like a current conducting wire, and no error occurs in the measured value. To be considered. Further, the measurement of the grounding resistance R of the two grounding electrodes shown in FIG. 14 can be performed by using a direct-reading-type grounding resistance meter E capable of precise measurement.
Press the switch of the earth resistance meter of the above to measure. As shown in the cross-sectional view of the measurement circuit in FIG. 15, when measuring the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, a current carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at a distant point in the x direction, and the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is set to P1 in the same X direction. ~ P
n, the reduction of the grounding pole E in the W direction as shown in the plan view of FIG. 16 measures the voltage demand, and FIG. 15 measures the resistance area of the grounding pole E using a direct-reading instrument and the spillover voltage spilling from E. It can be checked whether it is functioning as the intended grounding work. Although this measurement circuit has shown the measurement by the alternating current, if the power supply and the instrument are changed, it is also possible to measure the impulse of the direct reading ground resistance meter and the high voltage and the large current. As shown in the measurement circuit plan view of FIG. 17, the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, the current-carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at any of the x, w, y, and z directions.
When the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is also fixed at any of the apogees in the x, w, y, and z directions and measured, the functional effect of claim 4 can be verified and confirmed.

[0013]

According to the first, second, third, and fourth aspects of the present invention, the graph shows that the ground voltage generated at the ground electrode is different from that of another ground system,
A ground electrode for which the voltage spread is set based on the voltage applied to the object to be protected, that is, α%, from the graphs, calculation diagrams, and layout diagrams of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, and an insulating independent ground. So that it can function as an electrode, and an auxiliary ground electrode C for measurement,
The installation interval of P, and furthermore, an appropriate insulation depth and a ground electrode, a deeply buried ground electrode, an auxiliary auxiliary ground electrode for measurement, and a length of 3 of the electrode radius d1, which are provided at the installation interval point. h1 on the ground electrode section 1. Length h from L3
It can be installed as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode that functions effectively by connecting an insulated wire or a cable (cable) 3 between them. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, there are provided a method for measuring the parallel coefficient and a method for verifying and confirming the function as the grounding electrode according to the first, second, third and fourth aspects.

[0014]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a bowl-shaped ground electrode for explanation of the first invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a ground electrode in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistor are calculated.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a two-pole arrangement of ground electrodes for explanation of the second invention.

FIG. 5 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistance are calculated.

FIG. 6 is a two-pole layout diagram of a ground electrode for explanation of the third invention.

FIG. 7 is a two-pole layout diagram of a ground electrode and a natural ground for explanation of the third invention.

FIG. 8 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistance are calculated.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of an insulated independent ground electrode for explanation of the fourth invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an image method relating to ground resistance of two ground electrodes.

FIG. 11 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spread interval and the like of an insulation independent grounding resistor are calculated.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a separation relationship between a two-grounded-pole parallel composite grounding resistor and natural grounding.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a two-pole parallel combined ground resistance measurement method using the voltage drop method.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a two-pole parallel combined ground resistance measurement using a direct reading instrument.

FIG. 15 is a measurement circuit diagram for verifying a calculation result such as a voltage spread interval of an insulation independent ground resistance.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram for verifying and measuring a ripple rate at which a ground voltage of a ground electrode spreads.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram for verifying the resistance area of the grounding pole and the ground voltage ripple rate using a direct reading instrument.

FIG. 18 is a grid graph of a ground resistance area and a voltage ripple rate.

FIG. 19 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a part of a logarithmic graph Y of a ground resistance area and a voltage ripple ratio is enlarged.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: bowl-shaped hemispherical ground electrode 2: rod-shaped ground electrode 3: earth, G. L part 4: Curve of logarithmic graph of hemispherical grounding 5: Straight line of logarithmic graph of hemispherical grounding 6: Display line of set coefficient table analysis of power generation substation regulations 7: Natural grounded body such as building or foundation 8: Curve of logarithmic graph of spherical body grounding 9: Straight line of logarithmic graph of spherical body grounding 10: Rod-shaped grounding electrode part having spherical body contact area 11: Insulated conducting wire part of insulated independent grounding electrode C: AC power supply A: Ammeter V: Voltmeter C: Current auxiliary electrode for measurement E: Main ground electrode. Ground side terminal of direct reading instrument T h1: Insulation depth h2: Ground electrode length P: Ground voltage detection auxiliary ground electrode I: Conducting current n: Integer (sequential number such as 1 to n) L: Rod-shaped ground electrode Buried depth Pw3: w-direction third voltage detection auxiliary pole Pwn: w-direction nth voltage detection auxiliary pole Px1: x-direction first voltage detection auxiliary pole Py2: y-direction second voltage detection auxiliary pole Pz2: Second voltage detection auxiliary pole in z direction R: Ground resistance r: Equivalent radius of ground pole r1: Equivalent radius of ground pole a: Separation interval between two ground poles in parallel X: Distance from spherical ground pole to point p A ': Current conducting wire for ground resistance measurement B: Wire of the same length and the same resistance value as B' B ': Wire of the same length and the same resistance value as B J: Connection point branching from wire A' to B and B ' d: Depth assuming that the spherical ground electrode is buried w: E on a plane X direction: x direction from E on plane y: y direction from E on plane z: z direction from E on plane

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] December 8, 1999 (1999.12.
8)

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Document Name] Statement

Patent application title: Installation method of ground electrode and its ground electrode

[The scope of the appended billed]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention creates a graph of a resistance area of a ground electrode and a graph of a potential rise range with respect to a ground electrode equivalent radius. The distance and depth between the ground electrode and other grounding systems to prevent theoretical interference voltage from entering,
In other words, effective separation from other grounding systems and natural grounding systems,
The present invention relates to a buried point separated from the ground electrode, a graph supporting the theoretical value, and a setting method. In addition, in the soil at a certain depth on the ground surface, the insulation depth can function as a ground electrode that is electrically independent at a predetermined depth, and it has an effective separation distance from other grounding systems. It relates to a grounding method for installing a deep buried insulated independent ground electrode.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, there has been no need to pay attention to the intervals between installations of a plurality of ground electrodes, the installation locations, and the installation intervals between a ground electrode and natural ground, that is, the underground portion of a building or the like. , electrically construction method for deep buried insulating independent ground electrode insulated with even Tsu all non der from other grounding system. In addition, there is no appropriate reference document or the like, and as a result, there was an accident example due to a ripple voltage from the ground electrode.

[0003]

In the case where a plurality of ground electrodes are provided, a method for easily setting the buried space, the buried point, the space between the buried ground and the natural ground, and the buried depth and insulation depth is developed. Needed. Also, after construction work,
It also required a measurement method that verifies the setting results accurately.
In this way, when the grounding electrode is formed and buried without setting the burying point and insulation depth in detail, it is necessary to re-measure the effects on other grounding systems in detail after the completion of the construction. .

[0004]

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a graph of the theoretical formula of the grounding work, prepares a graph of the theoretical formula, and also uses a verification measurement method after the completion of the work. And grounding work derived from the graphs, their setting methods, and calculated values.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio show that the lines 4, 5, 8, and 9 are theoretically 50% and 25% at 2.times.r intervals, respectively. In the graph, the X value is common, ie, a / r = n, which is a magnitude relationship with the installation interval a with respect to the equivalent radius r of the ground pole, and R _{L which is} a magnitude relationship of the ground resistance.
In the present invention, a multiple n of the mutual relation of the ground electrodes and a corresponding value of Y are taken as in the case of R _L / R _S = n times that of the pair R _S. According to the present invention, the ground generated by the ground electrode voltage, the voltage to be spread to other ground-based and protected objects, i.e., alpha% and alpha _1%
And a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode.

[0006]

[Claim 5] Claim 5, Claim 2, Claim 3, Claim 4, and Claim 5.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The first invention is as follows. From hemisphere (bowl shape) of the ground 1 center of radius r in FIG. 1, G. contained until r ₁ Assuming that the underground ground resistance below L3 is R ₁ and the ground resistivity is ρ, the ground resistance R ₁ is calculated as follows.

R ₁ = ρ / 2π ((1 / r) − (1 / r ₁ )) Also, the ground resistance R of the hemispherical ground electrode having a radius r is

R = ρ / (2πr) If the equivalent radius of R ₁ smaller than the ground resistance of R is r, the equivalent radius of R is r ₁ and the ratio is α, α indicates the resistance area of the ground electrode. The α end indicates the ratio of the voltage to which the voltage of the ground electrode spreads, and the calculation is as follows.

Α = (R ₁ / R) × 100% = (r ₁ / r) × 100% Here, α represents a ground resistance area, and the ground resistivity ρ becomes irrelevant. The interval ratio between r ₁ and r is a ground resistance area multiple n · r where r _{1 / r} is n, and the resistance area end r of the ground electrode
_{It is determined by 1} and the r ratio of the equivalent radius of the ground pole. The voltage end spreading from the ground resistance area end and the ground electrode, that is, the voltage value V spreading to the end, is expressed in%. N · r spacing from the ground pole,
That is, the voltage spread to r ₁ interval points may also be calculated as follows as alpha.

Α = (r ₁ / r) × 100% Equivalent radius r, which is the resistance area of the ground electrode, and a certain distance r ₁
The same relationship can be applied to ground electrodes of other various shapes. In the case of the deeply buried ground electrode of FIG. 2, the equivalent radius r is obtained by the following equation.

R = L / (Ln ((4L / d) -1)) L is the buried length (depth) of the ground electrode, and d is the equivalent radius of the ground electrode cross section. To the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode, one multiples n of up to ground resistance zone spacing r ₁ of the ground electrode is calculated as follows.

## EQU6 ## n = r ₁ / r r ₁ is expressed by n multiples of r. α ₁ % is equal to the ground electrode r
From the voltage.

Α ₁ = 1−α Table 1 shows the calculated values of Equations 1 to 7.

[Table 1] α ₁ % is a reduction rate of the voltage from the ground electrode r. However, if the reading is changed, it can be simultaneously expressed as a ripple rate. From Table 1 of the calculation results of Expressions 1 to 7, r
₁ That nr, alpha, fill alpha _1, and had a logarithmic graph is FIG. On the right side of the logarithmic graph of FIG. 3, an integer multiple nr of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode is taken, and the r and Y of the equivalent radius of the X left ground electrode are positive numbers of α = r / r ₁ × 100%.
The resistance area of the ground electrode is from 0.01% to 100%, and the plotted line is a curve 4 which rises to the right, and the voltage of r is n ·
When the α ₁ % value line of the voltage value to be reduced at the point r is plotted, the graph of the voltage relationship becomes a slanting line 5 falling to the right. Here, the intersections of X and Y indicate lines 4 and 5 in the resistance area graph α, and when the reading is changed, the rising voltage of the ground electrode spreads to the interval of r ₁ and the reduction ratio at the same time decreases. ing. Also, reduced line 2 spillover rate whose voltage ripple corresponds with the first curve, the graph alpha ₁ which intersects the Y right number 2 represents simultaneously reduce rate of voltage v. The line 5 of α ₁ % indicates the rate of reduction of the voltage from the ground electrode r. However, if the way of reading is changed, it can be expressed simultaneously as the ripple rate. Ground resistance R
₂ and R ₁ are each has an equivalent radius of each earth electrode.
Since the ground resistance area of the ground pole is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of r times the ground resistance area of the two poles is also calculated as follows.

R ₂ / R ₁ = n That is, when R ₂ : R ₁ is 2: 1, 2 when 3 and 3: 1, 3;
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. From the above calculation, it can also be represented by the voltage spread range α.

Α = (R / (R ₁ × R ₂ / (R ₁ + R ₂ )) −
1) × 100% α = ( α 1 -1.0) from the ground voltage × 100% ground electrode _{R 1} is _{R 1} earthing, how much computational ground voltage of either percentage spread to other objects Can be done. That is, the magnitude of the voltage spreading from the ground electrode to the other ground electrode can be known as a percentage value. The graph of FIG. 3 indicates that X is n · n times an integer n times the equivalent hemisphere radius r of the ground pole.
When r is taken, Y represents α representing both the ground resistance area and the ripple voltage.
%, And the voltage reduction spread rate α ₁ % from the ground electrode is also shown. The ground electrode provided in the above setting is based on the calculation method of the voltage ripple ratio α and the illustrated method. Graph lines 4 and 5 change the reading, and when the relationship between the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate α is read in reverse,
That is, α ₁ −1 can be obtained, and the graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate of both 4 and 5 theoretically become 50% at 2 × r intervals. In the logarithmic graph, X is the equivalent radius times R _L / R
_S = integer of n, Y is a positive number of 1 / n, and the upper limit is 1, that is, 100%. With such a graph, it is possible to calculate how much the ground voltage of the ground electrode r spreads from the r ground electrode to other objects. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. It is characterized by the fact that the effective separation distance from other grounding systems has been confirmed, that is, the calculation method of the separation distance from other grounding poles and natural grounding, the ripple rate α of the voltage, and the drawing method thereof are expressed. The graph of FIG. 3 can be plotted on the enlarged graph of Y in the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19. However, the logarithmic graph of FIG. There is an advantage that the graph can be stretched in a similar manner. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a grid characterized in that a calculation result of a resistance area of a ground electrode, a ground voltage spread rate, or a reduction rate of a ground voltage is represented in a graph of 100 to ≫1%, or , also becomes part enlarged logarithmic graph-like, this graph and, by employing the present logarithmic graph of the appropriate spacing and depth
It is a construction method of installing or constructing a ground electrode or grounding work in a deep underground stratum .

The second invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that _two ground poles R ₁ and R ₂ are provided at a location of ground specific resistance ρ, with two hemispherical ground poles having an equivalent radius r having an installation interval of a. Assuming that the current flowing through the two ground electrodes is I,
A current of I / 2 flows through each ground electrode. Assuming that a point P is set at an arbitrary point in the ground, the distances from the two electrodes are X and X ', and the potential at the point P is Vp, Vp becomes It is calculated as follows:

Vp = (ρ (I / 2)) / 2πX + (ρ (I
/ 2)) / 2πX 'If the point P is set on the surface of one hemispherical electrode, the potential V of the ground electrode system is determined. From the formula of Equation 10, this R ₁ ,
Ground resistance R in parallel synthesize R ₂ is calculated as follows.

R = (ρ / 4πr) · (1 + r / a) where the second term of a≫r number 11 represents the set coefficient η, which is determined independently of the ground resistivity ρ. The set coefficient η changes depending on a / r = n.

Η = 1 + r / ar where r / a is α from Table 2. When calculated as follows, the graph display is as shown in FIG.

Y = 1 + r / a-1 α = Y-1 = 1 + r / a-1 = r / a When X is n, Y is represented by a / n, that is, α.
A logarithmic graph can be created as follows. In the case where X is n and Y corresponding to n is 1 + r / a, the calculation is performed as follows. However, since the upper limit of the set coefficient of two-pole parallel is 2,
Set the upper limit of y to 2.

## EQU14 ## Y = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X When X is 1, Y = 1 + 1/1 = 2 When the graphs of X and Y are plotted in this way, Y is 1 plus 1 / X. The display is as shown in FIG. More specifically, the Y graph 0.9 + 1 of FIG. 3 can be set to 1.9, and 1 + 1 can be set to 2, and the portion corresponding to y = 1 in the normal logarithmic graph is set to 2 様 like a grid scale. It can be expressed as an integer value of 1. Grounding resistor R ₂ and R ₁ are, each having an equivalent radius of each earth electrode. Since the ground resistance area of the ground pole is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of r times the ground resistance area of the two poles is also calculated as follows.

R ₂ / R ₁ = n That is, when R ₂ : R ₁ is 2: 1, 2 when R ₂ : R ₁ is 3;
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 5 is a logarithmic graph showing an embodiment of the present invention;
X in the logarithmic graph is a multiple of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode with respect to the interval a of the ground electrode. Table 2 shows the calculated values of Equations 10 to 15 in a table.

[Table 2] The ground electrode provided in the above setting is provided by the method of calculating the voltage ripple ratio α. By changing the reading of the graphs 7 and 6, the relationship between the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio α can be read in reverse. This graph is a square graph of FIG.
This logarithmic graph can be made like an enlarged partial diagram of Y, but the logarithmic graph FIG. 5 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2 and 3 is easy to read, and the graphs of small numerical values 1 to ≫1 of graph Y are It has the advantage of being prolonged. In the logarithmic graph, expressing 1 of y with respect to X to 2 can be handled by the following calculation. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 for an integer value of X, ie, 1.5 or 1.
It is an integer value such as 2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and the Y value is obtained by adding 1.0 to the variable of 1 / X, and 1 of Y is 1
A graph can be expressed by + 1/1 = 2. The calculation considering the first term 1+ of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression is as follows.

Y = 1 + 1 / X１６η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X According to the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2, and X is not an integer. 1.2, 1.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. For example, when a graph in which Y is 0.999999 immediately above 1 is used, a value of 1 is added to this value, 0.00001 is further added, and 1 of Y is set to 2. There is an advantage that can be used for similar expressions. Thus, the parallel coefficient η is also 2.0
It is expressed in the range of ~ 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively, and it becomes possible to use either the curve or the diagonal line of the graph as a target graph by changing the use target value or writing it together. By subtracting 1 from the first term of the formula Y = in the formula 16, the graph of claim 1 can be obtained, and the graph can be returned to the logarithmic graph of the normal display. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. As shown in Table 3, the distribution regulations JEAC70
87 described in Table 1-27 set coefficient (η) of 01
Analyzing the numerical values as 5-pole of the experimental data, the fill in the graph of FIG. 5, like the oblique dashed lines, and the measured value it is that be read that always below the maximum value of the theoretical value.

[Table 3] Since the ground resistance relationship between the two ground poles and the ground resistivity are irrelevant, the ground scale is also irrelevant.
From this graph, it is possible to obtain a method of obtaining the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like. The graph also the inverse of the reduction spread rate alpha ₁ in the ground voltage ripple from the ground electrode taken Y, may be determined n mutual distance a of the ground electrode from the X value. That is, from the ground voltage of Y and the reduced voltage ratio, n of the mutual interval a between the ground electrodes of X is obtained, and further, n of a from R2 is obtained.
Re that. From the above, Y of the logarithmic graph is represented as a normal grid scale. According to the second aspect of the present invention, by changing either the curve or the diagonal line of the graph, or any one of them, the intended use value, the resistance area α of the ground electrode or the two-pole parallel The parallel coefficient of 2-≫1, ground voltage ripple,
Alternatively, the calculation result of the reduction rate of the ground voltage is expressed in a graph of 100 to ≫1%. A grounding electrode or grounding work is installed or installed at intervals.

The third invention is as follows. When installing two poles of the ground electrode as in FIG. 6, there is always the magnitude relationship to the ground resistance of the two poles, the earth electrode and R1, R2, of which a small earth resistance R _S larger and R _L I do. In addition, as shown in FIG.
If there is a natural grounding system as described above, set it to either _RS or _RL . When the low ground resistance value _RS and the high ground resistance value _RL of the ground electrode are combined in parallel, the measured ground resistance R
Is always larger than the ground resistance _RC value calculated in parallel. The parallel coefficient η of two-pole parallel is interposed in the ratio between the measured value R and the parallel calculated value _RC . The calculation of the parallel coefficient η of the two-pole parallel is as follows.

Η = R / (1 / (1 / _RS + 1 / _RL )) = R / ( _RS × _RL / ( _RS + _RL )) = R / _RC where _RC = ( R _S × R _L / (R _S + R _L )) The upper limit of the parallel coefficient η of the two ground poles is 2.0, and the η value becomes smaller as the installation interval a becomes larger.
There is a relation of 0≫1.0. Further, when the ground resistances of the two ground poles installed at a certain interval a are R _S and R _L , R _S <R
_{If L} and R _S = R, the parallel coefficient η is calculated as follows.

Η = _RS / ( _RS × _RL / ( _RS + _RL )) = _RS ( _RS + _RL ) / _RS × _RL = ( _RS + _RL ) / _RL = 1 + R _S / R _L Further, when ground resistances R _S and R _L are provided at a minute interval and the parallel combination is made, the parallel combined resistance R becomes close to R _S , so that R _L
Assuming that = R _S , the parallel coefficient η is calculated to the maximum value 2 of two-pole parallel as follows.

Η = 1 + _RS / _RL = 1 + _RS / _RS = 2.0 The ground resistors _RS and _RL each have an equivalent radius for each ground pole. Since the ground resistance area of the ground electrode is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of the ground resistance area of the two poles is calculated as follows.

R _L / R _S = n That is, when R _L : R _S is 2: 1, 2 when 3: 1 and 3 when 3: 1.
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. This graph can be plotted as an enlarged partial view of Y in the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG.
This logarithmic graph, which can be shared with the graph of FIG. 3, is easy to read, and has the advantage that the graph of the small numerical part 1 to ≫1 of the graph Y can be extended, and the graph where R _S / R _L = 1 is obtained. When R = _RS = _RL , η = 1 + _RL / _RL = ≫2.0
And can be expressed as 2 which is the maximum value at the time of two-pole parallel operation. In the logarithmic graph, expressing 1 of y with respect to X to 2 can be handled by the following calculation. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 for the integer value of X, ie, an integer value such as 1.5 or 1.2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and the Y value is 1 / X
Is added to the variable of, and 1 of Y can be represented by a graph of 1 + 1/1 = 2. Also, 1+ (1 / X) of the parallel coefficient display
Considering the first term (1+), the calculation is as follows.

Y = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X η η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X By the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2. X is other than an integer.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. As described above, the parallel coefficient η is also expressed in the range of 2.0 to 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively. It can be used as a graph. Since the grounding resistance relationship between the two grounding poles and the ground resistivity are irrelevant, the grounding scale is also irrelevant. From this graph, the graph shows the distance between the grounding poles of the two poles installed, the separation distance from natural grounding, A method for determining the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode can be used. From the above calculations, the Y graph is represented as a normal grid scale. Table 4 shows the calculated values of Equations 17 to 21 as a table.

[Table 4] From the above calculations, it is difficult to set η to 1.0, but 1.
It can be close to zero. That is, it is necessary to increase the distance a between the two ground electrodes or to increase the insulation depth h2 of the deeply buried independent ground electrode in FIG. From the parallel coefficient η, the ripple rate α% at which the ground voltage of the ground electrode spreads to other ground systems is calculated. In the case of a ground resistance with two ground electrodes connected in parallel,
The parallel coefficient η is always 2 to ≫1, and is calculated as follows. As shown in FIG. 14, n is an integer n times the equivalent hemisphere radius r.
When the space between the hemispherical ground electrodes R1 and R2 is provided at the position of r as shown by a, the measured ground resistance R is R _L × R _S / (R
_L + R _s ). The increase is the set coefficient η, which is calculated as follows.

Η = R / ( _RL × _RS / ( _RL + _RS ))

Α = (R / ( _RL × _RS / ( _RL + _RS ))
_{-1) × 100% α 1 =} (η-1.0) × 100% In other words, the ground voltage of the ground electrode _{R L} is, as a ground voltage from the _{R L,} with respect to the ground electrode and the natural ground of the other objects, It is calculated whether the α% spreads. Reduced voltage from the ground electrode alpha _1%
Is related to the ground poles, and the parallel coefficient η
There is a relationship in which the value spreads between the _RL and _RS poles. This graph can be plotted on the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19 as an enlarged partial view of Y. However, the logarithmic graphs 5 and 8 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3 are easy to read. There is an advantage that the graph of small numerical parts 1 to ≫1 of Y can be extended, and when R _S / R _L = 1 in the graph and R = R _S = R _L η = 1 + R _L / R _L = ≫2. It becomes 0 and can be expressed as close as possible to 2 which is the maximum value in two-pole parallel operation. The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio are theoretically 2 × for both 7 and 8.
It becomes 50% at r intervals. When grounding resistance R ₁ and a natural ground or the like 7 of Figure 7 is known to investigate the terrain geology, R ₂ a certain distance
The earth electrode is provided to measure the parallel combined resistance of the _{R 2} single ground resistor and _R 1, _{R 2.} There are always large and small relation to the ground resistor R ₁ and R _2, the larger the ground resistance R _L, the smaller the R
_S , and the ratio n is calculated as n = _RL / _RS .
If the grounding construction scale is unknown and the grounding resistance is known, it is easy to provide an interval between the grounding poles and the natural grounding. The graph also shows the reduced ripple rate α of the ground voltage spreading from the ground pole.
The reciprocal of ₁ is taken as Y, and from the X value, the mutual interval a
Can be obtained. That is, n of the mutual interval a between the ground electrodes of X is obtained from the ground voltage of Y and the reduced voltage ratio. From the above, from this graph, the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like can be easily obtained. As shown in Table 5, the distribution regulations JEAC
7001, described in Table 1-27 set coefficient (η),
To correct the value of the experimental data of 875 poles, it will be as of the hatched 6 and to fill in the graph of FIG. 8, and the measured value that be read is that you are always lower than the theoretical value.

[Table 5] The ground electrode R ₁ and the other ground-based and R _2, to measure the ground resistance R of the two-pole parallel synthesis connections, the parallel factor η interposed the parallel combined resistance R, by measurement and calculation, the insulating independently grounded electrode , That is, a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode and its spread α can be calculated. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. According to a third aspect of the present invention, when two ground electrodes are combined in parallel, the maximum value of the parallel coefficient η, that is, the ground resistance R _L / R _S is added to X in the logarithmic graph.
Integer value indicating the resistance zone of R, 1 to ≫1, R
The positive value of _S / _RL is taken, the reading of the graph is set to 1 + _RS / _RL of the two-pole parallel coefficient η, and the resistance area of the ground electrode is 2 to 2.
≫1, the ground voltage spread rate or the calculation result of the reduction rate of the ground voltage is expressed in a graph of 100 to ≫1%, and the right scale of the Y axis is set to the ground voltage spread rate α of 100 to ≫1%, and the ground voltage reduction. logarithmic graph, grid graph is characterized in that the rate alpha _1, semi-log plot, the partial logarithmic graph the X-axis that the tics until 2-1, spacing between the second ground electrode, spaced distance between the natural ground, the depth A buried depth of the buried insulated independent ground electrode is a ground electrode that is appropriately determined.

The fourth invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 9, it is assumed that a spherical ground electrode R1 having a radius r is buried at a depth d from the ground surface GL. Ground resistance R in this case
1 is as follows.

R1 = ρ / 4πr When the burying depth d is zero, it is the same as when a hemispherical electrode is buried on the ground surface. Therefore, the ground resistance is R '.

If Equation 25] R '= ρ / 2πr sphere ground electrode R ₁ buried deep insulating depth h2 has a value of up to 0~∞, if there is a earth sphere earth pole of R2 as in FIG. 10 Assuming that the ground resistance is expected to be an intermediate value between R2 and R1, the approximate value can be obtained by using the superposition and the image method. When a second spherical electrode R2 having a radius r is introduced at a height d from the ground surface in FIG. 10, the second electrode hits an image in the image method. It is assumed that a current I is flowing from both electrodes into the ground. As shown in FIG. 10, assuming that a point in the ground at a distance x, x ′ from the center of both electrodes is p and its potential is Vp, Vp can be expressed as follows using the principle of superposition.

Vp = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / x) + (1 / x ′)) When a point p is taken on the surface of the R1 electrode, the potential V thereat becomes as follows.

V = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / r) + (1 / 2d)) However, if 2d≫r, the ground resistance of the R1 pole is as follows.

R1 = (ρ / 4πr) × (1+ (1 / 2d)) In the above equation, if d → ∞, the second term in parentheses disappears and R1 becomes as follows.

R1 = (ρ / 4πr) Table 6 shows the calculated values of Equations 24 to 29.

[Table 6] In the logarithmic graph, X is an integer multiple of d / r of a spherical ground electrode having a radius r embedded at d depth not connected to the ground surface by a conductor, and 1+ (r / 2d) or r / Assuming a positive numerical value of 2d, the graph is as shown in FIG. 11, and the graph lines 8 and 9 become a half graph of FIG. In FIG. 11, when the graph line 5 of FIG. 5 is shown by a dotted line, half of the line 9 is confirmed. The ground rise voltage between the underground electrode and the ground electrode or the natural ground on the ground can represent a ripple rate of a strong or weak voltage that spreads to another ground electrode. The relationship between the resistance area and the voltage transmission rate α can be read in reverse by changing the reading of the curve 8 and the transmission voltage oblique line 9 representing the resistance area in the graph. This graph,
From this graph, the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like can be easily obtained. The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage spread ratio are both 25% theoretically at 2 × r 2r intervals for both lines 8 and 9. That is, it is one half of the equivalent radius of the hemispherical ground pole. The fact that 1 on the y-axis of the logarithmic graph can be expressed as 2 can be dealt with by the following calculation. What is required in the present invention is that the graph of Y has a maximum value of X which is not more than 2 and 1.5, that is, a numerical value such as 1.5 or 1.2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. When the Y value of the logarithmic graph is 1 / X, the set coefficient η
Is 1 + 1 / X, the Y value is 1 / X, and 1.0 is added to the variable. The Y position can be represented by 1 + 1/1 = 2. Considering the first term (1+) of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression, the calculation is as follows. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 with respect to the integer value of X, that is, an integer value such as 1.5 or 1.2, where X is a multiple of n times d / r. It is. The Y value as described above corresponds to the two-parallel parallel set coefficient η value of the spherical ground electrode. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X,
The set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, the Y value is 1.0 by adding 1 / X to the variable, and 1 of Y is 1 + 1/1 = 2, so that the graph can be expressed. The calculation taking into account the first term (1+) of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression is as follows.

Y = 1 + 1 / X３０η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X According to the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2, and X is not an integer. 1.2, 1.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. As described above, the parallel coefficient η is also expressed in the range of 2.0 to 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively. It can be used as a graph. From the above calculation, Y for X
Graph is a representation like a normal grid scale. sphere
Is calculated by the following equation.

(Equation 31) The equivalent radius r of a sphere is about twice as large as the equivalent radius of a hemisphere.
Is calculated, but Y of d / r becomes 1/2 of a hemisphere
Is calculated close to the resistance area r interval of the hemisphere. By using this graph, the calculation result of the ground voltage ripple rate or the reduction rate of the ground voltage, such as the distance from the natural ground, the insulating part 11 of the insulating independent ground electrode and the depth h1, etc. At a proper interval and depth, a construction plan for installing or constructing a ground electrode or grounding work can be made. Electrode radius d of FIG.
Is attached to the ground electrode section 10 having the length h1. An insulated wire or cable 11 of length h2 from L
Connected to a deep buried insulating independent ground electrode. In FIG.
If there is a natural ground R2 such as an underground structure, the separation a can be easily read from the graph. Although this graph can be plotted on the enlarged partial view of the Y-axis by the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19, the logarithmic graph diagram 11 which is common to the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3 is easy to read, and the Y-axis There is an advantage that the graph of small numerical parts 1 to ≫1 can be extended. When R _S / R _L = 1 in the graph and R = R _S = R _L , η = 1 + r / 2d = 1.5 and 2 The maximum value in pole parallel is 1.5. When the X axis, that is, the horizontal axis shows the ratio of the interval of the grounding resistance area, the ratio of the interval between the two grounding poles, and the ratio of the two grounding resistances, the corresponding graphs of Y are the same as those in FIGS. Thus, the graph can be made common to the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3, and the explanation relation of the contents becomes the same. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. According to the present invention, an underground electrode and a ground electrode, or an underground ground electrode spreads to another ground system or natural ground.
A graph or a logarithmic graph characterized by being expressed in a graph of ~ ≫1%, a main graph of FIG. The ground electrode is obtained by determining the distance between the poles, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like.

The fifth invention is as follows. The present invention
The present invention relates to a measurement for confirming whether or not the grounding work function is effective for the settings of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. Also, the present invention relates to a measurement method for confirming whether or not it can function as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode. As shown in FIG. 13, in order to measure the parallel combined ground resistance R of the ground resistances R ₁ and R ₂ of the two ground electrodes, a measurement wire is connected to the current-carrying auxiliary pole C for measurement and the auxiliary pole P for voltage detection. _1, also to connect the measuring current supply line in parallel to the two poles of R _2. At this time, the electric wires B and B ′ branched from the measuring current conducting wire A connected to the two ground poles and connected to the ground poles R1 and R2.
Have the same conductor resistance, that is, use the same cross-sectional area and the same length from the branch point C. Also, the voltage detection wire is connected like a current conducting wire, and no error occurs in the measured value. To be considered. Further, the measurement of the grounding resistance R of the two grounding electrodes shown in FIG. 14 can be performed by using a direct-reading-type grounding resistance meter E capable of precise measurement.
Press the switch of the earth resistance meter of the above to measure. As shown in the cross-sectional view of the measurement circuit in FIG. 15, when measuring the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, a current carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at a distant point in the x direction, and the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is set to P1 in the same X direction. ~ P
n, the reduction of the grounding pole E in the W direction as shown in the plan view of FIG. 16 measures the voltage demand, and FIG. 15 measures the resistance area of the grounding pole E using a direct-reading instrument and the spillover voltage spilling from E. It can be checked whether it is functioning as the intended grounding work. Although this measurement circuit has shown the measurement by the alternating current, if the power supply and the instrument are changed, it is also possible to measure the impulse of the direct reading ground resistance meter and the high voltage and the large current. As shown in the measurement circuit plan view of FIG. 17, the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, the current-carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at any of the x, w, y, and z directions.
When the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is also fixed at any of the apogees in the x, w, y, and z directions and measured, the functional effect of claim 4 can be verified and confirmed.

[0013]

According to the first, second, third, and fourth aspects of the present invention, the graph shows that the ground voltage generated at the ground electrode is different from that of another ground system,
A ground electrode for which the voltage spread is set based on the voltage applied to the object to be protected, that is, α%, from the graphs, calculation diagrams, and layout diagrams of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, and an insulating independent ground. So that it can function as an electrode, and an auxiliary ground electrode C for measurement,
The installation interval of P, and furthermore, an appropriate insulation depth and a ground electrode, a deeply buried ground electrode, an auxiliary auxiliary ground electrode for measurement, and a length of 3 of the electrode radius d1, which are provided at the installation interval point. h1 on the ground electrode section 1. Length h from L3
It can be installed as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode that functions effectively by connecting an insulated wire or a cable (cable) 3 between them. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, there are provided a method for measuring the parallel coefficient and a method for verifying and confirming the function as the grounding electrode according to the first, second, third and fourth aspects.

[0014]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a bowl-shaped ground electrode for explanation of the first invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a ground electrode in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistor are calculated.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a two-pole arrangement of ground electrodes for explanation of the second invention.

FIG. 5 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistance are calculated.

FIG. 6 is a two-pole layout diagram of a ground electrode for explanation of the third invention.

FIG. 7 is a two-pole layout diagram of a ground electrode and a natural ground for explanation of the third invention.

FIG. 8 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistance are calculated.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of an insulated independent ground electrode for explanation of the fourth invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an image method relating to ground resistance of two ground electrodes.

FIG. 11 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spread interval and the like of an insulation independent grounding resistor are calculated.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a separation relationship between a two-grounded-pole parallel composite grounding resistor and natural grounding.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a two-pole parallel combined ground resistance measurement method using the voltage drop method.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a two-pole parallel combined ground resistance measurement using a direct reading instrument.

FIG. 15 is a measurement circuit diagram for verifying a calculation result such as a voltage spread interval of an insulation independent ground resistance.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram for verifying and measuring a ripple rate at which a ground voltage of a ground electrode spreads.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram for verifying the resistance area of the grounding pole and the ground voltage ripple rate using a direct reading instrument.

FIG. 18 is a grid graph of a ground resistance area and a voltage ripple rate.

FIG. 19 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a part of a logarithmic graph Y of a ground resistance area and a voltage ripple ratio is enlarged.

[Description of References] 1: bowl-shaped hemispherical ground electrode 2: rod-shaped ground electrode 3: earth, L part 4: Curve of logarithmic graph of hemispherical grounding 5: Straight line of logarithmic graph of hemispherical grounding 6: Display line of set coefficient table analysis value of power generation substation regulations 7: Natural grounded body such as building or foundation 8 9: Line of logarithmic graph of spherical body grounding 9: Straight line of logarithmic graph of spherical body grounding 10: Bar-shaped body grounding electrode part having spherical body contact area 11: Insulated conducting wire part of insulated independent grounding electrode C: AC power supply A: Ammeter V: Voltmeter C: Current auxiliary electrode for measurement E: Main ground electrode. Ground side terminal of direct reading instrument T h1: Insulation depth h2: Ground electrode length P: Ground voltage detection auxiliary ground electrode I: Conducting current n: Integer (sequential number such as 1 to n) L: Rod-shaped ground electrode Buried depth Pw3: w-direction third voltage detection auxiliary pole Pwn: w-direction nth voltage detection auxiliary pole Px1: x-direction first voltage detection auxiliary pole Py2: y-direction second voltage detection auxiliary pole Pz2: The second voltage detection auxiliary pole in the z direction R: ground resistance r: equivalent radius of ground pole r ₁ : equivalent radius of ground pole a: interval between two ground poles in parallel X: interval from spherical ground pole to point p A ': Current conducting wire for ground resistance measurement B: Wire of the same length and the same resistance as B' B ': Wire of the same length and the same resistance as B J: Connection branching from wire A' to B and B ' Point d: Depth assuming that spherical spherical ground electrode is buried w: From E on plane w direction x: x direction from E on plane y: y direction from E on plane z: z direction from E on plane ──────────── ─────────────────────────────────────────

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 16, 2000 (2004.1.
6)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Document Name] Statement

Patent application title: Installation method of ground electrode and its ground electrode

[The scope of the appended billed]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention creates a graph of a resistance area of a ground electrode and a graph of a potential rise range with respect to a ground electrode equivalent radius. The distance and depth between the ground electrode and other grounding systems to prevent theoretical interference voltage from entering,
In other words, effective separation from other grounding systems and natural grounding systems,
The present invention relates to a buried point separated from the ground electrode, a graph supporting the theoretical value, and a setting method. In addition, in the soil at a certain depth on the ground surface, the insulation depth can function as a ground electrode that is electrically independent at a predetermined depth, and it has an effective separation distance from other grounding systems. The present invention relates to a grounding method for installing a separately buried insulated independent ground electrode.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is no need to pay attention to the intervals between installations of a plurality of ground electrodes, the installation location, and the installation interval between a ground electrode and natural ground, that is, an underground portion of a building or the like. and was Tsu Naka also been considered construction method for deep buried insulating independent ground electrode electrically insulated from other grounded system.
In addition, there are no appropriate literature materials to deal with the above matters, and as a result, disasters caused by accident voltage spreading from the ground electrode
Prevention of harm was also Tsu cry.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In recent years, is it a safety aspect?
Et al., The case of providing a plurality or more of the ground electrode, the buried mutual <br/> intervals and buried locations, spaced distance between the natural ground, and can be easily set the depth <br/> of and insulating depth for burying also need to consider how
Has arisen . In addition, after the construction work, a measurement method that verifies the setting result in detail is required. In this way, when the grounding electrode is formed and buried without setting the burying point and insulation depth in detail, it is necessary to re-measure the effects on other grounding systems in detail after the completion of the construction. .

[0004]

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a graph of a theoretical formula for grounding work , creates a graph of the theoretical formula on a logarithmic graph, and performs verification measurement after the completion of the work. Practical method, graphing and setting method
Also established was a novel <br/> grounding work derived from the calculation method and setting method.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The logarithmic graph of the present invention shows that the graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate are theoretically 50% at the intervals of 2.times.r for each of the lines 4, 5, 8, and 9. Claim 1 wherein the X value is
In common, up to 4, the relationship a / r = n of the installation interval a with respect to the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode, and RL of the size relationship of the ground resistance
_R L / RS = n times the pair RS, also, n interrelation multiple of the ground electrode, the Y common respectively 1 / X value corresponding to the X
The ground voltage generated at the ground electrode is
Voltage spread to other ground-based and protected objects, i.e., can be represented by alpha% and alpha _1%, can also be provided as a mutual distance and depth buried insulating independently ground electrode, the setting can easily be <br />.

[0006]

[Claim 5] Claim 5, Claim 2, Claim 3, Claim 4, and Claim 5.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The first invention is as follows. G. From the center of the hemispherical (bowl-shaped) ground electrode 1 of radius r in FIG. L3
R ₁ grounding resistors included until r ₁ of _underground, when the earth resistivity and [rho, grounding resistance R ₁ is calculated as follows.

R ₁ = ( ρ / 2π ) ((1 / r) − (1 / r ₁ )) Further, the ground resistance R of the hemispherical ground electrode having the radius r is

R = ρ / (2πr) If the equivalent radius of R ₁ smaller than the ground resistance of R is r, the equivalent radius of R is r ₁ and the ratio is α, α indicates the resistance area of the ground electrode. The α end indicates the ratio of the voltage to which the voltage of the ground electrode spreads, and the calculation is as follows.

Α = (R ₁ / R) × 100% = ( 1 −r ₁ /
r) × 100% where α represents the ground resistance area and the ground resistivity ρ becomes irrelevant. The interval ratio between r ₁ and r is a ground resistance area multiple n × r where r ₁ / r is n, and the resistance area end r of the ground electrode
_{It is determined by 1} and the r ratio of the equivalent radius of the ground pole. The voltage end spreading from the ground resistance area end and the ground electrode, that is, the voltage value V spreading to the end, is expressed in%. N · r spacing from the ground pole,
That is, the voltage spread to r ₁ interval points may also be calculated as follows as alpha.

Α = (r ₁ / r) × 100% The ground resistance R of a general rod-shaped ground electrode is obtained by the following equation.
You.

Equation 5] R = (ρ / (2πL) ) × (Ln (4L / d) -1) equivalent radius r is a resistive zone of the ground electrode, an interval _{r 1}
The same relationship can be applied to ground electrodes of other various shapes. In the case of the deeply buried ground electrode of FIG. 2, Equations 2 and 5 are the same.
Then, from both equations, the equivalent hemisphere radius r is obtained by the following equation.

[6] r = L / (Ln (( 4L / d) -1)) L is the ground electrode buried length (depth), d is the equivalent radius of the ground electrode section. To the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode, one multiples n of up to ground resistance zone spacing r ₁ of the ground electrode is calculated as follows.

[Equation 7] _n = _{r 1} / r r 1 is represented by n multiples of r. α ₁ % is equal to the ground electrode r
From the voltage.

The calculated value of the number 8 _{α 1 = (1-α)} × 100% 4 to C 8 is shown in Table 1 when the table.

[Table 1] α ₁ % is a reduction rate of the voltage from the ground electrode r, but if the reading method is changed , it can be expressed simultaneously as a reduction ripple rate. Table 1 Calculation result of 4 to C 8, for r, _{r 1} i.e. nr, alpha, alpha _1, fill in, the was logarithmic graph is FIG. On the X-right side of the logarithmic graph of FIG.
The integer multiple nr of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode is 1 / n to the equivalent radius r and Y of the X left ground electrode, that is, α = r / r ₁ × 1
Taking the number of the practical range at 00% , the resistance area and the voltage value of the ground electrode from 0.01% to 100% are taken, and the plotted line is shown by a rising curve 4 and the voltage of r is n × When the α ₁ % value line of the voltage value to be reduced at the point r is plotted, the graph of the voltage relationship becomes a slanting line 5 falling to the right. X logarithmic graph, 4 intersections of Y is resistive zone graph alpha, and 5 lines, the respective changing reading a ripple rate increases the voltage of the ground electrode is spread up to r ₁ interval, reduction rate to decrease 逓 At the same time. Also, reduced line 5 spillover rate whose voltage ripple corresponds with the fourth curve, graph alpha ₁ which intersects the Y right number 2 represents simultaneously reduce rate of voltage v. Graph lines 4 and 5 are large
It can express the details of critical and small scale values
Will be. The line 5 of α ₁ % indicates the rate of reduction of the voltage from the ground electrode r. However, if the way of reading is changed, it can be expressed simultaneously as the ripple rate. When the ground poles are combined in two poles in parallel,
Its ground resistor R ₂ and R ₁ are the respective you have a equivalent radius of each earth electrode. Since the ground resistance area of the ground pole is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of r times the ground resistance area of the two poles is also calculated as follows.

Equation 9] _R 2 _{/ R} 1 = n _ie, R 2: _{R 1} is 2: 1 is 2,3: 1, 3,
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. From the above calculation, it can also be represented by the voltage spread range α.

Equation 10] _{α = (R / (R 1} × R 2 / (R 1 + R 2))
-1) × from _{100% α = (α 1 -1.0} ) ground voltage × 100% ground electrode _{R 1} is _{R 1} earthing, how much of either ground voltage percentage spread to other objects, Graph
It is easy to read and details can be calculated from the calculation. That is, from the ground electrode, the intensity of the voltage spread to other ground electrode, can be determined as a percentage. In the graph of FIG. 3, X represents n · r, which is an integer n times the equivalent hemispherical radius r of the ground pole.
, Y represents α representing both the ground resistance area and the ripple voltage
%, And the voltage reduction spread rate α ₁ % from the ground electrode is also shown. The ground electrode provided in the above setting is based on the calculation method of the voltage ripple ratio α and the illustrated method. Graph lines 4 and 5 change the reading, and when the relationship between the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate α is read in reverse,
That is, α ₁ −1 can be obtained, and the graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate of both 4 and 5 theoretically become 50% at 2 × r intervals. In the logarithmic graph, X is the equivalent radius times R _L / R
_S = integer of n, Y is a positive number of 1 / n, and the upper limit is 1, that is, 100%. With such a graph, it is possible to calculate how much the ground voltage of the ground electrode r spreads from the r ground electrode to other objects. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. This graph, FIG.
19 can be plotted on an enlarged partial view of Y in the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19, but the logarithmic graph of FIG. 3 is easy to read, and the advantage is that the small numerical part of Y can be extended as 1 to ≫1. is there. The present invention provides a grid characterized by expressing the calculation result of the resistance area of the ground electrode, the ground voltage spread rate, or the reduction rate of the ground voltage as a claim 1 in a graph of 100 to ≫1%, or , but ing also in part enlarged logarithmic graph-like,
In deep geological location of this logarithmic graph use Then appropriate intervals and depth, easily installed a ground electrode and the grounding, or, a construction method that can be used to construction.

The second invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that _two ground poles R ₁ and R ₂ are provided at a location of ground specific resistance ρ, with two hemispherical ground poles having an equivalent radius r having an installation interval of a. Assuming that the current flowing through the two ground electrodes is I,
A current of I / 2 flows through each ground electrode. Assuming that a point P is set at an arbitrary point in the ground, the distances from the two electrodes are X and X ', and the potential at the point P is Vp, Vp becomes It is calculated as follows:

[1 1] Vp = (ρ (I / 2 )) / 2πX + (ρ (I
/ 2)) / 2πX 'If the point P is set on the surface of one hemispherical electrode, the potential V of the ground electrode system is determined. From 1 1 of formula, the _R 1,
Ground resistance R in parallel synthesize R ₂ is calculated as follows.

[1 2] R = (ρ / 4πr) × (1 + r / a) where represents the second term set coefficients a»r 1 2 eta, also the eta set coefficient
It changes depending on a / r = n of the interval a between the ground poles .

[Number 1 3] η = 1 + r / a r / a is from Table 2 alpha, graph display is calculated as follows is as shown in FIG.

Equation 1 4 When Y = 1 + r / a- 1 α = Y-1 = 1 + r / a-1 = r / a X is n, Y is a / n, i.e., since represented by alpha,
A logarithmic graph can be created as follows. In the case where X is n and Y corresponding to n is 1 + r / a, the calculation is performed as follows. However, since the upper limit of the set coefficient of two-pole parallel is 2,
Set the upper limit of y to 2.

If Equation 1 5] Y = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X X is 1 when plotting the graph of Y = 1 + 1/1 = 2 Thus X, Y, Y 1 to 1 / X Plus The display is as shown in FIG. More specifically, the Y graph 0.9 + 1 of FIG. 3 can be set to 1.9, and 1 + 1 can be set to 2, and the portion corresponding to y = 1 in the normal logarithmic graph is set to 2 様 like a grid scale. It can be expressed as a value of 1. Grounding resistor R ₂ and R ₁ are, each having an equivalent radius of each earth electrode. Since the ground resistance area of the ground pole is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of r times the ground resistance area of the two poles is also calculated as follows.

Equation 1 6 _R 2 _{/ R} 1 = n _ie, R 2: _{R 1} is 2: 1 is 2,3: 1, 3,
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 5 is a logarithmic graph showing an embodiment of the present invention;
X in the logarithmic graph is a multiple of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode with respect to the interval a of the ground electrode. The calculated value of 1 3 to several 1 6 is shown in Table 2 when the table.

[Table 2] The ground electrode provided in the above setting is provided by the method of calculating the voltage ripple ratio α. By changing the reading of the graphs 7 and 6, the relationship between the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio α can be read in reverse. This graph is a square graph of FIG.
This logarithmic graph can be made like an enlarged partial diagram of Y, but the logarithmic graph FIG. 5 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2 and 3 is easy to read, and the graphs of small numerical values 1 to ≫1 of graph Y are It has the advantage of being prolonged. In the logarithmic graph, expressing 1 of y with respect to X to 2 can be handled by the following calculation. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 for an integer value of X, ie, 1.5 or 1.
It is an integer value such as 2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and the Y value is obtained by adding 1.0 to the variable of 1 / X, and 1 of Y is 1
A graph can be expressed by + 1/1 = 2. The calculation considering the first term 1+ of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression is as follows.

The Equation 1 7] Y = 1 + 1 / X ∴ η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed in 2, and, X is an integer Other than 1.2, 1.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. For example, when a graph in which Y is 0.999999 immediately above 1 is used, a value of 1 is added to this value, 0.00001 is further added, and 1 of Y is set to 2. There is an advantage that can be used for similar expressions. Thus, the parallel coefficient η is also 2.0
It is expressed in the range of ~ 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively, and it becomes possible to use either the curve or the diagonal line of the graph as a target graph by changing the use target value or writing it together. By subtracting 1 from the first term of the calculation formula Y = in Expression 17 , the graph of claim 1 can be obtained, and the graph can be returned to the logarithmic graph of the normal display. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. As shown in Table 3, the distribution regulations JEAC70
87 described in Table 1-27 set coefficient (η) of 01
Analyzing the numerical values as 5-pole of the experimental data, the fill in the graph of FIG. 5, like the oblique dashed lines, and the measured value it is that be read that always below the maximum value of the theoretical value.

[Table 3] This logarithmic graph is based on the magnitude of the ground resistance between the two ground poles.
Can be used to determine the distance between the ground electrodes provided in two poles, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like. The graph also the inverse of the reduction spread rate alpha ₁ in the ground voltage ripple from the ground electrode taken Y, may be determined n mutual distance a of the ground electrode from the X value. That is,
From the ground voltage of Y and the reduced voltage ratio, n of the mutual interval a between the ground electrodes of X is obtained, and further, n of a from R2 is obtained. From the above, Y of the logarithmic graph is represented as a normal grid scale. According to the present invention, the resistance area α of the ground electrode can be changed by changing either the curve 4 or the oblique line 5 of the graph or any one of the curves to the intended use value.
Alternatively, the calculation result of the parallel coefficient 2 to 並列 1, the ground voltage spread rate, or the reduction rate of the ground voltage in two-pole parallel operation is 100 to ≫1.
A logarithmic graph characterized by being expressed in a graph of%
Then, by applying this logarithmic graph, it is a construction method of installing or constructing the grounding work at an appropriate interval.

The third invention is as follows. When two ground electrodes are provided as shown in FIG. 6, the ground resistance of the two poles always has a magnitude relationship. The ground poles are denoted by R ₁ and R _2, and the smaller ground resistance is represented by R _{S which is} larger than R _{S. L.} In addition, as shown in FIG.
If there is a natural ground system such as is set to either R _S or R _L. When the low ground resistance value R _S and the high ground resistance value _RL of the ground electrode are combined in parallel, the measured ground resistance R becomes
It is always larger than the ground resistance _RC value calculated in parallel synthesis.
The parallel coefficient η of two-pole parallel is interposed in the ratio between the measured value R and the parallel calculated value _RC . The calculation of the parallel coefficient η of the two-pole parallel is as follows.

Η = R / (1 / (1 / _RS + 1 / _RL )) = R / ( _RS × _RL / ( _RS + _RL )) = R / _RC where _RC = ( R _S × R _L / (R _S + R _L )) The upper limit of the parallel coefficient η of the two ground poles is 2.0, and the η value becomes smaller as the installation interval a becomes larger.
There is a relation of 0≫1.0. Further, when the ground resistances of the two ground poles installed at a certain interval a are R _S and R _L , R _S <R
_{If L} and R _S = R, the parallel coefficient η is calculated as follows.

Equation 1 9] _{η = R S / (R S} × R L / (R S + R L)) = R S (R S + R L) / R S × R L = (R S + R L) / R L = 1 + _RS / _RL Further, if grounding resistors R _S and R _L are provided at a small interval and the parallel combination is made, the parallel combination resistance R becomes close to R _S , so that R _L
Assuming that = R _S , the parallel coefficient η is calculated to the maximum value 2 of two-pole parallel as follows.

Equation 20] _{η = 1 + R S / R} L = 1 + R S / R S = 2.0 grounding resistance _{R S} and _{R L} are, each having an equivalent radius of each earth electrode. Since the ground resistance area of the ground electrode is n times the equivalent radius, the ratio n of the ground resistance area of the two poles is calculated as follows.

Equation 2 1 _R L _{/ R} S = n _ie, R L: _{R S} 2: 1 case of 2,3: 1, 3,
The ratio is 5 for 5: 1, 10 for 10: 1, and 100 for 100: 1. This graph can be plotted as an enlarged partial view of Y in the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG.
8 and FIG. 5 which are common to the graph of FIG. 3 are easy to read, and have the advantage that the graphs of small numerical parts 1 to ≫1 of the graph Y can be extended, and the point of R _S / R _L = 1 of the graph < When R = _RS = _RL , η = 1 + _RL / _RL = ≫2.0
, And can be expressed as 2 which is the maximum value in two-pole parallel operation. In the logarithmic graph, expressing 1 of y with respect to X to 2 can be handled by the following calculation. What is needed in the present invention is that the graph of Y is less than or equal to 2 for the value of X, that is, a value such as 1.5 or 1.2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. Taking the Y value of the logarithmic graph as an integer value of 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, the Y value is 1.0 added to the variable of 1 / X, and 1 of Y is 1 + 1/1 = 2. Can be used to represent graphs. Considering the first term (1+) of 1+ (1 / X) in the parallel coefficient expression, the calculation is as follows.

The Equation 2 2 Y = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X ∴ η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is represented in 2 X is other than an integer.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. This parallel factor η also expressed in 2.0 to 1.0 as visual, will be read easily expressed in sensory, either rising line and a falling line in the graph, Ru preparative read by changing the purpose of use value the thing, use
It can be used as a purpose graph. From the magnitude relationship of the grounding resistance between the two grounding poles, use this logarithmic graph to determine the distance between the grounding poles installed in two poles, the separation distance from natural grounding, the insulation depth of the isolated independent grounding electrode, etc. Can be done.
From the above calculations, the Y graph is represented as a normal grid scale. Table 4 shows the calculated values of Equations 17 to 21 as a table.

[Table 4] From the above calculations, it is difficult to set η to 1.0, but 1.
It can be close to zero. That is, 2 or grounded electrode to increase the interval a, the insulating depth h2 of FIG deep buried independent ground electrode large
Is that it can Kusuru. The parallel factor eta, a ground voltage of the ground electrode, spread to other ground-based, spread rate alpha% is Ru determined by calculation. In the case of a ground resistance in which two ground electrodes are connected in parallel, the parallel coefficient η is always 2 to ≫1, and is calculated as follows. As shown in FIG. 14, an integer n of the equivalent hemisphere radius r
When the distance between the hemispherical ground electrodes R1 and R2 is provided at the position of n × r times as shown by a, the measured ground resistance R is R _L × R _S
/ ( _RL + _RS ). The increase is the set coefficient η, which is calculated as follows.

[Number 2 3] _{η = R / (R L ×} R S / (R L + R S)) α and alpha ₁ is calculated as follows.

Equation 2 4] _{α = (R / (R L} × R S / (R L + R S))
_{-1) × 100% α 1 =} (η-1.0) × 100% In other words, the ground voltage of the ground electrode _{R L} is, as a ground voltage from the _{R L,} with respect to the ground electrode and the natural ground of the other objects, It is calculated whether the α% spreads. Reduced voltage from the ground electrode alpha _1%
Is related to the ground poles, and the parallel coefficient η
There is a relationship in which the value spreads between the _RL and _RS poles. This graph can be plotted on the grid graph of FIG. 18 and the logarithmic graph of FIG. 19 as an enlarged partial view of Y. However, the logarithmic graphs 5 and 8 which can be shared with the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3 are easy to read. There is an advantage that the graph of small numerical parts 1 to ≫1 of Y can be extended, and when R _S / R _L = 1 in the graph and R = R _S = R _L η = 1 + R _L / R _L = ≫2. It becomes 0 and can be expressed as close as possible to 2 which is the maximum value in two-pole parallel operation. The graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple ratio are theoretically 2 × for both 7 and 8.
It becomes 50% at r intervals. When grounding resistance R ₁ and a natural ground or the like 7 of Figure 7 is known to investigate the terrain geology, R ₂ a certain distance
The earth electrode is provided to measure the parallel combined resistance of the _{R 2} single ground resistor and _R 1, _{R 2.} There are always large and small relation to the ground resistor R ₁ and R _2, the larger the ground resistance R _L, the smaller the R
_S , and the ratio n is calculated as n = _RL / _RS .
If the grounding resistance is known, it is easy to provide a space between the grounding pole and the natural ground. The graph also the inverse of the reduction spread rate alpha ₁ in the ground voltage ripple from the ground electrode taken Y, may be determined n mutual distance a of the ground electrode from the X value. That is, n of the mutual interval a between the ground electrodes of X is obtained from the ground voltage of Y and the reduced voltage ratio. From the above, it can be seen from this graph that the distance between the two-pole
The insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode is easily determined. Table as in 5, the distribution rules JEAC7001, listed in 1-27 Table set coefficient (eta), and corrects the value of the experimental data of 875 poles, like a shaded 6 when filling out the graph of FIG. 5
It becomes, and the measured value Ru <br/> things that are always less than the theoretical value be read.

[Table 5] The ground electrode R ₁ and the other ground-based and R _2, to measure the ground resistance R of the two-pole parallel synthesis connections, the parallel factor η interposed the parallel combined resistance R, by measurement and calculation, the insulating independently grounded electrode , That is, a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode and its spread α can be calculated. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. According to a third aspect of the present invention, when two ground electrodes are combined in parallel, the maximum value of the parallel coefficient η, that is, the ground resistance R _L / R _S is added to X in the logarithmic graph.
Integer value indicating the resistance zone of R, 1 to ≫1, R
The positive value of _S / _RL is taken, the reading of the graph is set to 1 + _RS / _RL of the two-pole parallel coefficient η, and the resistance area of the ground electrode is 2 to 2.
≫1, the ground voltage spread rate or the calculation result of the reduction rate of the ground voltage is expressed in a graph of 100 to ≫1%, and the right scale of the Y axis is set to the ground voltage spread rate α of 100 to ≫1%, and the ground voltage reduction. that it has a rate alpha ₁ in a logarithmic graph, wherein the mutual distance between the second ground electrode, is buried deep spaced intervals, deep buried insulating independent ground electrode with nature ground, and appropriately the obtained ground electrode.

The fourth invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 9, the depth d from the ground surface GL, assuming spherical ground electrode R1 of radius r is embedded. The ground resistance R1 in this case is as follows.

[Number 2 5] R1 = ρ / 4πr buried depth d in the case of zero, the same as the semi-spherical electrodes on the ground surface are buried. Therefore, the ground resistance is R '.

If Equation 2 6] R '= ρ / 2πr sphere ground electrode R ₁ buried deep insulating depth h2 has a value of up to 0~∞ may sphere earthing of R2 to ground as in FIG. 10 Assuming that, the ground resistance is expected to be an intermediate value between R2 and R1, but an approximate estimate can be obtained by using the superposition and the image method. When a second spherical electrode R2 having a radius r is introduced at a height d from the ground surface in FIG. 10, the second electrode hits an image in the image method. It is assumed that a current I is flowing from both electrodes into the ground. As shown in FIG. 10, assuming that a point in the ground at a distance x, x ′ from the center of both electrodes is p and its potential is Vp, Vp can be expressed as follows using the principle of superposition.

Equation 2 7] Vp = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / x) + (1
/ X ')) When the point p is taken on the surface of the R1 electrode, the potential V there is as follows.

[Number 2 8] V = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / r) + (r /
2d)) However, if 2d≫r, the ground resistance of the R1 pole is as follows.

[Number 2 9] R1 = (ρ / 4πr) × (1+ (r / 2
d)) In the above equation, if d → ∞, the second term in parentheses disappears and R1 becomes the next R.

The Equation 30] R = (ρ / 4πr) Calculated number 2 5 to several 29 is shown in Table 6 when the table.

[Table 6] As shown in FIG. 9, a length of 10 insulated from GL3 to a depth of 11
The grounding resistance of the grounding electrode of
Calculated as Rg.

[Number 31] Rg = (ρ / (2πL) ) × (Ln ((2
L) / d))-1+ (t / L) × Ln ((4 × t × (t
+ L)) / (2t + L) ² ) + Ln ((2 × (t +
L)) / (2 × t + L)) Rg = (ρ / (2πL)) × (Z) Formula

R of the formula

Assuming that Rg is equal to

From equation (30), the formula for calculating the equivalent radius of the sphere is

From Equation 31, it is obtained as follows. a formula

Assuming that the second term of Expression 31 is (Z),

Equation 32 is as follows.

Equation 32] Rg = (ρ (Z)) / Substituting (2πL) d as d = t + L / 2 R = (ρ × (1+ (r / 2d)) / (4πr) = Rg =
(Ρ (Z)) / 2πL) (1+ (r / 2d)) / (2
r) = 1 / (2r) + 1 / (4d) 1 / (2r) =
(Z) / L-1 / (4d) = (4dZ-L) / (4L
d) 2r = (4dL) / (4d (Z) -L) r = (2dL) / (4d (Z) -L) r = (2 × (t + L / 2) × L) / (4 × (t + L /
2) × (Z) −L) the equivalent radius r is

The (Z) part of the equation is

It can be obtained by calculating back to (31). X of log graph
The integer multiple of d / r of a spherical earth electrode having a radius r embedded at a depth d that is not connected to the ground surface by a conducting wire is represented by 1+ on the Y axis.
If the numerical value of (r / 2d) or r / 2d is used, the graph is as shown in FIG. 11, and the lines 8 and 9 are half graphs of FIG.
R / (2d) indicates that the spherical ground pole is closer to the ground surface GL
The ground resistance R

Ing and the rise of [number 30]. FIG. 11 shows the graph line 5 of FIG.
Is indicated by a dotted line, it is possible to represent a ripple rate at which the ground rising voltage spreads between the underground electrode and the ground electrode or the natural ground on the ground to other ground electrodes. Therefore, FIG.
Used in place of FIG. 5 and FIG. From this logarithmic graph,
The distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like can be easily obtained. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be the maximum value of X,
It is 1.5 which is 2 or less, that is, a numerical value such as 1.5 or 1.2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two poles of the ground electrode in parallel. If the Y value of the logarithmic graph is 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and the Y value is 1 / X
1.0 is added to the variable of Y, and the place of Y can be represented by a graph of 1 + 1/1 = 2, and 1+ (1 /
Considering the first term (1+) of X), the calculation is as follows.

The Equation 3 3 Y = 1 + 1 / X ∴ η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed in 2, and, X is an integer Other than 1.2, 1.
It corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, and 2.5. As described above, the parallel coefficient η is also expressed in the range of 2.0 to 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively. It can be used as a graph. Length h1 of electrode radius d in FIG.
The ground electrode 10 taken on the ground G. It becomes an insulated electric wire having a length h2 from L or a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode to which an electric cable (cable) 11 is connected. If the X axis, that is, the horizontal axis shows the ratio of the ground resistance area spacing, the ratio of the two ground poles, and the ratio of the two ground resistances, the corresponding graphs of Y are shown in FIGS.
It becomes the same relationship as FIG. 8, and claims 1, 2, and 3
Can be made a common graph, and the explanation relation of the contents becomes the same. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing the scale, and details can also be obtained by calculation. The present invention is characterized in that it is expressed in a logarithmic graph of 100 to ≫1%, which spreads from an underground electrode and a ground electrode or an underground ground electrode to another grounding system or natural ground as in claim 4. 11 , FIG. 5, FIG. 8, and FIG.
The ground electrode is obtained from the logarithmic graph, which is obtained from the distance between the ground electrodes provided with two poles, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulating independent ground electrode, and the like.

The fifth invention is as follows. The present invention
The present invention relates to a measurement for confirming whether or not the grounding work function is effective for the settings of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. Also, the present invention relates to a measurement method for confirming whether or not it can function as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode. As shown in FIG. 13, in order to measure the parallel combined ground resistance R of the ground resistances R ₁ and R ₂ of the two ground electrodes, a measurement wire is connected to the current-carrying auxiliary pole C for measurement and the auxiliary pole P for voltage detection. _1, also to connect the measuring current supply line in parallel to the two poles of R _2. At this time, the electric wires B and B ′ branched from the measuring current conducting wire A connected to the two ground poles and connected to the ground poles R1 and R2.
Have the same conductor resistance, that is, use the same cross-sectional area and the same length from the branch point C. Also, the voltage detection wire is connected like a current conducting wire, and no error occurs in the measured value. To be considered. Further, the measurement of the grounding resistance R of the two grounding electrodes shown in FIG. 14 can be performed by using a direct-reading-type grounding resistance meter E capable of precise measurement.
Close the switch of the earth resistance meter of , and measure. As shown in the cross-sectional view of the measurement circuit in FIG. 15, when measuring the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, a current carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at a distant point in the x direction, and the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is set to P1 in the same X direction. ~ P
n, the reduction of the grounding pole E in the W direction as shown in the plan view of FIG. 16 measures the voltage demand, and FIG. 15 measures the resistance area of the grounding pole E using a direct-reading instrument and the spillover voltage spilling from E. It can be checked whether it is functioning as the intended grounding work. Although this measurement circuit has shown the measurement by the alternating current, if the power supply and the instrument are changed, it is also possible to measure the impulse of the direct reading ground resistance meter and the high voltage and the large current. As shown in the measurement circuit plan view of FIG. 17, the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, the current-carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at any of the x, w, y, and z directions.
When the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is also fixed at any of the apogees in the x, w, y, and z directions and measured, the functional effect of claim 4 can be verified and confirmed.

[0013]

According to the first, second, third, and fourth aspects of the present invention, the graph shows that the ground voltage generated at the ground electrode is different from that of another ground system,
A ground electrode for which the voltage spread is set based on the voltage applied to the object to be protected, that is, α%, from the graphs, calculation diagrams, and layout diagrams of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, and an insulating independent ground. So that it can function as an electrode, and an auxiliary ground electrode C for measurement,
The installation interval of P, and furthermore, an appropriate insulation depth and a ground electrode, a deeply buried ground electrode, an auxiliary auxiliary ground electrode for measurement, and a length of 3 of the electrode radius d1, which are provided at the installation interval point. h1 on the ground electrode section 1. Length h from L3
It can be installed as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode that functions effectively by connecting an insulated wire or a cable (cable) 3 between them. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, there are provided a method for measuring the parallel coefficient and a method for verifying and confirming the function as the grounding electrode according to the first, second, third and fourth aspects.

[0014]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a bowl-shaped ground electrode for explanation of the first invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a ground electrode in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistor are calculated.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a two-pole arrangement of ground electrodes for explanation of the second invention.

FIG. 5 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistance are calculated.

FIG. 6 is a two-pole layout diagram of a ground electrode for explanation of the third invention.

FIG. 7 is a two-pole layout diagram of a ground electrode and a natural ground for explanation of the third invention.

FIG. 8 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spreading interval and the like of a ground resistance are calculated.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of an insulated independent ground electrode for explanation of the fourth invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram for explaining an image method relating to ground resistance of two ground electrodes.

FIG. 11 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a voltage spread interval and the like of an insulation independent grounding resistor are calculated.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a separation relationship between a two-grounded-pole parallel composite grounding resistor and natural grounding.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a two-pole parallel combined ground resistance measurement method using the voltage drop method.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of a two-pole parallel combined ground resistance measurement using a direct reading instrument.

FIG. 15 is a measurement circuit diagram for verifying a calculation result such as a voltage spread interval of an insulation independent ground resistance.

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram for verifying and measuring a ripple rate at which a ground voltage of a ground electrode spreads.

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram for verifying the resistance area of the grounding pole and the ground voltage ripple rate using a direct reading instrument.

FIG. 18 is a grid graph of a ground resistance area and a voltage ripple rate.

FIG. 19 is a logarithmic graph diagram in which a part of a logarithmic graph Y of a ground resistance area and a voltage ripple ratio is enlarged.

[Description of References] 1: bowl-shaped hemispherical ground electrode 2: rod-shaped ground electrode 3: earth, L part 4: Curve of logarithmic graph of hemispherical grounding 5: Straight line of logarithmic graph of hemispherical grounding 6: Display line of set coefficient table analysis value of power generation substation regulations 7: Natural grounded body such as building or foundation 8 9: Line of logarithmic graph of spherical body grounding 9: Straight line of logarithmic graph of spherical body grounding 10: Bar-shaped body grounding electrode part having spherical body contact area 11: Insulated conducting wire part of insulated independent grounding electrode C: AC power supply A: Ammeter V: Voltmeter C: Current auxiliary electrode for measurement E: Main ground electrode. Ground side terminal of direct reading instrument T h1: Insulation depth h2: Ground electrode length P: Ground voltage detection auxiliary ground electrode I: Conducting current n: Integer (sequential number such as 1 to n) L: Rod-shaped ground electrode buried depth Pw3: w direction third voltage detecting auxiliary pole Pwn: w direction n th voltage detection auxiliary pole Px1: x direction first voltage detecting auxiliary pole Py ^2: y-direction second voltage detecting auxiliary pole Pz2 : Second voltage detection auxiliary pole in z direction R: ground resistance r: equivalent radius of ground pole r1: equivalent radius of ground pole a: separation distance between two ground poles in parallel X: distance from spherical ground pole to point p A ': Current conducting wire for ground resistance measurement B: Wire of the same length and the same resistance as B' B ': Wire of the same length and the same resistance as B J: Connection branching from wire A' to B and B ' Point d: Depth assuming that spherical spherical ground electrode is buried w: From E on plane w direction x: x direction from E on plane y: y direction from E on plane z: z direction from E on plane ──────────── ─────────────────────────────────────────

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 6, 2000 (200.7.6)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

4. When the ground resistance of two ground electrodes and the parallel combined ground resistance R of R1 and R2 are measured, the conductor resistance of the current-carrying wire for measurement connected to the R1 and R2 poles is the same, In other words, from the drawing point of the wiring location, the conductor resistance of both wires is adjusted using the same cross-sectional area and the same length,
According to the graphs of claims 1 and 2, the auxiliary ground electrode C for measuring the ground resistance is similar to the ground electrode for which the voltage spread is set.
A measuring method in which the grounding interval of P and the voltage detection wire are connected like a current-carrying wire, and the parallel coefficient value, the resistance area, and the ripple reduction voltage value spreading from the ground electrode can be verified. ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] January 17, 2001 (2001.1.1)
7)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 1

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0004

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0004]

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a graph of a theoretical formula for grounding work, creates a graph of the theoretical formula on a logarithmic graph, and performs verification measurement after the completion of the work. The method was put into practical use, a graph and its setting method were established , and a new installation work was derived from the setting method and calculation method.

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0005

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The logarithmic graph of the present invention shows that the graphs of the resistance area and the voltage ripple rate are theoretically 50% at the intervals of 2.times.r for each of the lines 4, 5, 8, and 9. Claim 1 wherein the X value is
The equivalent radius r of the hemispherical or spherical ground pole is common to
RL / RS = n times RL vs. RS, where RL / RS is the magnitude relationship of the ground resistance, and n and Y, which are multiples of the mutual relationship of the ground electrode, correspond to X. 1 / X
These values are common to each other, and the ground voltage generated at the ground electrode can be expressed as a voltage that spreads to other grounding systems and objects to be protected, that is, α% or α1%. It can be provided as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, so that its setting can be easily performed.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0011

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The fourth invention is as follows. As shown in FIG. 9, it is assumed that a spherical ground electrode R1 having a radius r is buried at a depth d from the ground surface GL. The ground resistance R1 in this case is as follows.

R1 = ρ / 4πr When the burying depth d is zero, it is the same as when a hemispherical electrode is buried on the ground surface. Therefore, the ground resistance is R '.

R '= ρ / 2πr When the insulation depth h2 of the sphere-installed electrode R1 is between 0 and ∞, it is assumed that there is a spherical ground electrode of R2 on the ground as shown in FIG. Then, the ground resistance is expected to be an intermediate value between R2 and R1. However, when the ground resistance is superimposed, the approximate value can be obtained by using the image method. When a second spherical electrode R2 having a radius r is introduced at a height d from the ground surface in FIG. 10, the second electrode hits an image in the image method. It is assumed that a current I is flowing from both electrodes into the ground. As shown in FIG. 10, assuming that a point in the ground at a distance X, X ′ from the center of both electrodes is p and its potential is Vp, Vp can be expressed as follows using the principle of superposition.

Vp = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / x) + (1 / x ′)) When a point p is taken on the surface of the R1 electrode, the potential V there is as follows.

V = (ρI / 4π) × ((1 / r) + (r / 2d)) where 2d≫r, the ground resistance of the R1 pole is as follows.

R1 = (ρ / 4πr) × (1+ (r / 2d)) In the above equation, if d → ∞, the second term in parentheses disappears and R1 becomes the next R.

[Mathematical formula-see original document] R = ([rho] / 4 [pi] r) Table 6 shows the calculated values of equations (25) to (29).

[Table 6] As shown in FIG. 9, the length 1 is insulated from GL3 to 11 depths.
The ground resistance of the ground electrode of 0 is calculated as Rg of the following equation regarded as an equivalent sphere.

Rg = (ρ / (2πL) × (Ln ((2L)
/ D) -1+ (t / L) × Ln ((4 × t × (t + L)
/ (2t + L) ² ) + Ln ((2 × (t + L)) / (2 ×
t + L)) Rg = (ρ / (2πL) × (Z) Formula

R of the formula

Assuming that Rg is equal to

From equation (30), the formula for calculating the equivalent radius of the sphere is

From Equation 31, it is obtained as follows. a formula

Assuming that the second term of Expression 31 is (Z),

Equation 32 is as follows.

Rg = (ρ / (Z)) / (2πL) When d is substituted as d = t + L / 2, R = (ρ × (1+ (r / 2d)) / (4πr) = Rg =
ρ / (2πL · Z)  (1+ (r / 2d)) / (2r) = 1 / (2r) + 1 / (4d) 1 / (2r) = (Z) / L-1 / (4d) = (4dZ-L) /
(4Ld) 2r = (4dL) / (4d (Z) -L) r = (2dL) / (4d (Z) -L) r = (2 × (t + (L / 2) × L) / (4 × (T + L
2) × (Z) -L)Equivalent spherical hemisphere r Here

The (Z) part of the equation is

It can be obtained by calculating back to (31). X of log graph
In addition, an integer multiple of d / r of a spherical ground electrode having a radius of r and buried at a depth d not connected to the ground surface by a conducting wire is represented by 1+ on the Y axis.
Assuming that the numerical value is (r / 2d) or r / 2d, the graphs are as shown in FIG. 11, where the lines 8 and 9 are half graphs of FIG. 5, and r / (2d) is the spherical ground electrode. The ground resistance R

(30) 1+ (r + 2d) in Table 7
In the case of η, the spherical radius rg is apparently large
It means that it has become. That is, the equivalent spherical radius r is r =
rg × η, large as r = rg × (1 + r / 2d)
Calculate as no longer. In Table 7, η indicates that the radius of the hemisphere rh approaches the radius of the sphere rg.
Means that. That is, the equivalent spherical radius r is r = rh
/ Η, r = rh / (1 + r / 2d)
You. This leads to the second and third inventions. Also,
In the case of a spherical grounding electrode, the depth of the ground electrode
It is regarded as a sphere by the ratio of the length t) to the length L of the electrode part.
May not be possible. From the relationship between the depth t and the length L
η value is introduced, and the equivalent sphere radius r of the sphere is changed to the hemisphere radius rh.
To a sphere radius rg for practical use. And etc
The valence sphere radius r is r = rg · η, r = rh / η
You. Η in Table 7 was created as η = 1 + r / 2t.
Was. However, t / r of 0.5 or less is regarded as a hemisphere and η is
2.0. Table 7 shows the spherical radius rg.
Can be applied to the calculated value of When the graph line 5 of FIG. 5 is shown by a dotted line in FIG. 11, an underground electrode and a ground electrode, or
The ground rise voltage between the natural ground and the ground spreads to other ground electrodes, which can represent a ripple rate. Therefore, FIG. 18 can be used in place of FIGS. 3, 5, and 8. From the graph of the number of main bodies, the distance between the ground electrodes of the two-pole ground, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like can be easily obtained. The present invention requires that the graph of Y be less than or equal to 2 with respect to the maximum value of X, ie, 1.5 or 1.5.
It is a numerical value like 2. The Y value as described above corresponds to the set coefficient η value of the two-parallel parallel ground electrodes. If the Y value of the logarithmic graph is 1 / X, the set coefficient η is 1 + 1 / X, and Y
The value is added to 1.0 of the variable of 1 / X, and 1 for Y is 1 + 1.
/ 1 = 2 can represent a graph, and the set coefficient is 1
Considering the first term (1+) of + (1 / X), the calculation is as follows.

[Mathematical formula-see original document] Y = 1 + 1 + / X ∴ η = 1 + 1 / X = (1 + X) / X According to the above calculation, when X in the graph is 1, the corresponding Y is expressed as 2, and X is not an integer. 1.2, 1.
It also corresponds to numbers such as 5, 2.3, 2.5. Such a parallel coefficient η is also expressed in the range of 2.0 to 1.0, which makes it easy to read both visually and intuitively. It can be used as a graph. The ground electrode portion 10 having the length h1 of the electrode radius d in FIG.
2 of insulated wire, or become deep buried insulating independent ground electrode connected to conductive Ran (cable) 11. On the X axis, that is, on the horizontal axis, the ratio of the spacing of the ground resistance areas, the ratio of the spacing between the two ground poles,
Taking the ratio of the two ground resistances, the corresponding graphs of Y have the same relationship as in FIGS. 3, 5, and 8, and can be made a graph common to the graphs of claims 1, 2, and 3. As a result, the explanation of the contents will be the same. The graph can be read with high precision by subdividing its memory, and details can also be obtained by calculation. The present invention is characterized in that it is expressed in a logarithmic graph of 100 to ≫1%, which spreads from an underground electrode and a ground electrode or an underground ground electrode to another grounding system or natural ground as in claim 4. From FIG. 11, FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and FIG. 8, and the logarithmic graph, the distance between the ground electrodes of the two-pole ground, that is, the distance from the natural ground, the insulation depth of the insulated independent ground electrode, and the like were obtained. Becomes a ground electrode.

[Procedure amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 11

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] February 5, 2001 (2001.2.5)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 4

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0012

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The fifth invention is as follows. The present invention
The present invention relates to a measurement for confirming whether or not the grounding work function is effective for the settings of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4. Also, the present invention relates to a measurement method for confirming whether or not it can function as a deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode. As shown in FIG. 13, in order to measure the parallel combined ground resistance R of the ground resistances R ₁ and R ₂ of the two ground electrodes, a measuring wire is connected to the current-carrying auxiliary pole C for measurement and the auxiliary pole P for voltage detection. _A measuring current conducting wire is also connected in parallel to the two poles ₁ and R ₂ . At this time, the electric wires B and B ′ branched from the measuring current conducting wire A connected to the two ground poles and connected to the ground poles R ₁ and R ₂ have the same conductor resistance, that is, the same disconnection from the branch point C. Use the same area and the same length, and connect the voltage detection wires like current-carrying wires so that there is no error in the measured values. The measurement of the ground resistance R of the two ground electrodes in FIG.
It is also possible to use a direct-reading earth resistance meter E that can perform precise measurement.
R _1, R ₂ is measured by pressing the switch for each single value and R _1, parallel combination of R ₂ earth resistance meter R. As shown in the cross-sectional view of the measurement circuit in FIG. 15, when measuring the ground resistance of the deeply buried insulated independent ground electrode, the current carrying auxiliary ground electrode C is provided at a distant point in the x direction, and the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is set to P1 in the same X direction. 16 to Pn, the reduction of the ground electrode E in the W direction as shown in the plane arrangement of FIG. 16 measures the voltage demand, and FIG. 15 measures the resistance area of the ground electrode E using a direct reading instrument and the ripple voltage that spreads from E, respectively. It can be checked whether it is functioning as the intended grounding work. Although this measurement circuit has shown the measurement by the alternating current, if the power supply and the instrument are changed, it is also possible to measure the impulse of the direct reading ground resistance meter and the high voltage and the large current. As shown in the measurement circuit plan view of FIG. 17, the ground resistance of the deep buried insulated independent ground electrode is
Is provided at any apogee in the x, w, y, and z directions, and the voltage detection auxiliary pole P is also fixedly provided at any apogee in the x, w, y, and z directions, and is measured. Can be verified. Conventionally, the voltage that spreads from the grounding pole to other grounding systems
There was no method for measuring. Also, on the contrary,
It does not measure the voltage that spreads to other ground from
Was. Therefore, the problem of ground security has not been solved.
Was. Set the ground resistance as shown in the circuits shown in FIGS.
Measured, and the ground resistance value of the ground electrode 10 was R, as shown in FIG.
Existing grounding pole and natural grounding (including mesh grounding etc.)
Earthing the R ₂ voltage detection electrode P as resistance R ₂ or FIG. 6
And the measured resistance value is R ₁ . Measurement ground resistance R ₁
Is always measured lower than the measured value R, because the
E-P interval a of the measurement of the anti-value R _1, the interval of the normal measurement
And is within the voltage range of the measured ground resistance R,
As a result, it is measured low. Set the measured ground resistance R to a positive value
Then, the ratio of the ground resistance R and R ₁ falls within the range of the voltage of R up to R ₁
And as a result the measured value is lower, as in the following calculation:
The ripple rate α falls within the range. α = (1−R ₁ / R) × 100% and two-pole parallel as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG.
Combined resistance value R, measured resistance value R _{1 at} a single pole, grounding pole R
_From the measured value of the single resistance value of ₂ , it can be roughly calculated as follows
Α as a value can be obtained. α = (R / ((R ₁ × R ₂ ) / (R ₁ + R ₂ ))) − 1 × 10
Since it is 0% or more, the voltage range between the grounding systems can be easily measured.
It is also easy to confirm the relationship between claims 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Can be. In this measurement, as in the voltage drop method,
When measured with a meter, compared to measurement with a ground resistance meter,
The measure is improved.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An integer multiple nr of the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode is shown on the right side of the logarithmic graph and an equivalent radius r of the ground electrode is shown on the left side of the logarithmic graph.
Is a ground resistance section α corresponding to the equivalent radius r of the ground electrode and a curve of a curve in which the reduction rate of the ground voltage that spreads from the ground electrode is also α, the ripple rate α _{1 of the} voltage that spreads from the ground electrode. A logarithm, a grid, or X and Y, wherein the diagonal line indicating is expressed so that the diagonal line and the curve can be shared.
One part of the graph is an enlarged logarithmic graph, and X and Y
Etc. spaced distance from the ground electrode from the intersection of, as can be read from any one single line of the curve or diagonal line alpha, when also shown a chart values of alpha _1, and characterized in that can read by changing the reading This graph shows the calculation formulas for calculating the proper distance between the grounding poles of two or more grounding poles, the mutual distance from natural grounding, etc., and the setting method for the required burial depth. electrode. 2. In the logarithmic graph, X represents an equivalent radius r of the two ground electrodes and an integer multiple of a / r of the installation interval a of the two ground electrodes.
Assuming that Y is a graph of a curve in which the set coefficient η of the two ground resistances is 2 and an oblique line graph in which the η of the Y ground electrode is reduced, the reduction rate of the voltage spreading from the ground electrode is also expressed.
When the diagonal lines can be shared, a logarithmic graph, a grid, or a logarithmic graph in which one part of X and Y is enlarged,
The set coefficient η generated between the two ground poles is 2≫1,
If Y is η−1, the graph becomes α, which is the same as the graph of claim 1, and the ground resistance between the two ground poles and the ground resistivity become irrelevant. From this graph and this graph, it is possible to obtain the distance between the grounding poles of the two poles and the like, and to determine the distance between the grounding poles from any one of a curve and a diagonal line.
_1, when also shown a chart value of eta, be read by changing the reading, further, the graph having taken features also read n of mutual distance a in the X take the inverse of the ground voltage reduction rate alpha ₁ in Y, from the graph A calculation formula for calculating the proper distance between the grounding poles of two or more grounding poles, the distance from the natural grounding, and the like, and
The setting method and the ground electrode. 3. When the grounding construction scale is unknown and the grounding resistance is known, or when a small grounding resistance of two grounding poles connected in parallel is set to R
_S , the large ground resistance is R _L , and the relationship is represented by X of the logarithmic graph, n integer multiples of R _L / R _S , and Y being the maximum value 1 + _RS / R _L = 2 of the dipole aggregation coefficient. A graph of the parallel coefficient η of a curve that rises from ≪ to 100% and the maximum value is 2
And α is obtained by subtracting Y from η−1, and becomes the same graph as in claims 1 and 2. The curve graph is a ground voltage that is reduced from the ground electrode, and is a hatched line. The graph shows α _{1 of} the voltage spreading from the ground electrode.
When the logarithmic, grid, or logarithmic graph is obtained by enlarging a part of Y, the ripple voltage from the ground electrode, the separation distance from the ground electrode, etc. can be read from any one of the curve and the oblique line. By adding the graph values of α, α ₁ , and η to this graph, this graph has the characteristic that it can be read by changing the reading method. Further, when Y is the inverse of the ground voltage reduction rate α ₁ , X
Can be read as well, and a calculation formula for obtaining an appropriate interval between the ground electrodes having two or more ground poles, an interval from the natural ground, and the like, and a required buried depth of the deep buried insulated independent ground electrode are provided. Calculation formula, setting method and its ground electrode. 4. In the logarithmic graph, X represents the d / of a spherical ground electrode having a radius r embedded at a depth d not connected to the ground surface by a conductor.
Assuming that n is an integer multiple of r and Y is 1 + r / 2d, the graph becomes a bipartite curve graph α of claim 2 and a diagonal line graph α ₁ of the ripple rate at which the ground voltage spreads. Between the ground electrode and the ground, or a natural ground near the surface of the earth, the ground rise voltage spreads to the other ground electrode, and can show the ripple rate of the strong and weak voltage. The curve graph shows the ground voltage that spreads from the ground electrode, and the hatched graph shows the reduction rate of the voltage that spreads from the ground electrode. If the curve and the diagonal line can be shared, the logarithm, grid, or Y
Is a logarithmic graph in which a part of is expanded, and the graph values of α, α ₁ , η are set so that the ripple voltage from the ground electrode, the separation distance from the ground electrode, etc. can be read from either the curve or the oblique line. In addition, this graph has characteristics that can be read by changing the way of reading, and a calculation formula for obtaining appropriate mutual spacing of grounding electrodes installed at two or more grounding poles, separation from natural grounding, etc., and deep buried insulated independent grounding Calculation formulas to be provided at the required burial depth of the electrodes, setting methods and their ground electrodes. Ground resistance of 5. 2 the ground electrode, the measurement of R _1, parallel combined earth resistance of R ₂ R, is energized by connecting to the R _1, R ₂ pole, conductor resistance of the measuring current supply line The same,
That is, from the drawing point of the wiring place, the conductor resistance of both wires is adjusted using the same cross-sectional area and the same length, and from the graphs and calculation diagrams of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, Like the ground electrode for which the voltage spread is set, the installation interval of the auxiliary ground electrodes C and P for measuring the ground resistance and the electric wire for voltage detection are also connected like the current conducting wire, and the parallel coefficient value and the resistance area, And a measurement method for verifying a ripple reduction voltage value spreading from a ground electrode.