JP2001126046A - Ic card, ic card authentication system and its authentication method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an IC card, and IC card authentication system/method, which discriminate the rightness of the IC card and can suppress forgery and duplication. SOLUTION: An IC card 100 being an execution form has an IC chip 11 storing first authentication information and a face photograph information 12 where second authentication information is buried in a face photograph for recognizing a card possessor on a card base material 1. Since electronic transparent information as second authentication information can be buried in picture data of face photograph information 12 in a non-visible state and is concealed, even the care possessor cannot recognize second authentication information by eyes. The authentication information is read by using a prescribed reader and compared/judged. Thus, the rightness of the card and that of the user can be recognized. Then, effect for braking and suppressing forgery and duplication is attained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an IC card, an IC
The present invention relates to a card authentication system and an authentication method thereof, in particular, an IC card having information for preventing or suppressing forgery, duplication, falsification, and the like of a face image for authentication indicating an owner of the IC card by a third party, IC card authentication The present invention relates to a system and an authentication method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In modern society, the use of a card and the use of a system using the card have become very numerous. For example, examples of such a card include an ID card for an employee card used in a company or the like, a cash card issued by a financial institution, and a credit card issued by various financial institutions.

[0003] In the above-mentioned card and the system using the card, the authenticity of the card, that is, whether or not the card is validly issued and whether or not the card user is a valid card holder. Or whether the information stored in the card has been tampered with becomes very important.

[0004] For example, if a third party illegally obtains the card from a legitimate user of the card for some reason and uses the information stored in the card, the legitimate card owner suffers a great deal of damage. Will suffer. This is a major issue not only at the individual level but also at the social credibility of the card.

As a method for solving the above-mentioned problem, recently, a face photograph of a user is formed on a card, and when the card is used, the face photograph formed on the card with the user of the card is used. Are visually compared and confirmed to determine whether the card user is a valid card holder.

[0006] However, in this method, a third party who has obtained the card fraudulently removes a photograph of the face, etc.
There is a possibility that fraudulent actions such as switching to a photo of a third party's face and using the card as if it were a legitimate cardholder may be performed.

[0007] This is because, in the case of a small transaction at a member store of a credit card, it is common practice to settle only by confirming the photograph information of the card without using a credit card authentication terminal device. The problem is that a third party can use the information illegally.

Further, in the conventional card, the information on the card is mainly recorded on a magnetic stripe, but the information recorded on the magnetic stripe can be falsified relatively easily. And there are security issues.

[0009] As a solution to this security problem, an IC card is known. The greatest advantage of this IC card is that it is difficult to falsify information stored in an IC chip built in the card,
There is a large amount of information that can be stored in an IC chip.

[0010] By combining the advantage of the IC card with the above-mentioned face photograph, the validity of the card owner can be easily confirmed, and the information stored in the IC chip has a difficulty in falsification. For example, there is an "IC card" as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-271494.

This IC card has a data processing CPU.
And EEPROM for storing ROM data for storing programs
M and an I / O device for exchanging data with the outside. The image information of the photograph provided on the IC card is stored in the EEPROM. For example, when the card holder enters or leaves the room, the image information of the photograph stored in the EEPROM is read by a predetermined reading device. The image information is displayed on a monitor provided via the I / O device. As a result, the image information of the picture provided on the IC card, the picture projected on the monitor,
An authenticator visually checks each of the card users and verifies whether or not the card user is a valid IC card owner.

[0012]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, the photographic information provided on the IC card is erased by means such as scraping, and a third party forms the photographic information in the erased place. As a result, there was a possibility that a third party could illegally use the card just by replacing the photo information.

Also, due to the development of information processing equipment, some manias may not only replace photographic information but also rewrite photographic information stored in an IC chip built in an IC card. In the case where the card is read by the above-described method and compared with the card user,
There has been a problem that it cannot be determined whether the C card is forged.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and not only replaces photographic information provided on an IC card but also replaces an IC built in the IC card. Even if the photo information stored in the chip is rewritten and the IC card is tampered with, it is possible to easily determine the tampering caused by the tampering,
IC card that can prevent tampering and duplication, I
An object of the present invention is to provide a C card authentication system and an authentication method thereof.

[0015]

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a card base having at least an IC chip storing at least first authentication information, and a card base having at least a first authentication information stored therein. At least image information selected from an image, a geometric pattern, a figure, and a line drawing in which the second authentication information is embedded is provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the image information is information capable of authenticating the validity by comparing the first authentication information with the second authentication information. It is characterized by consisting of.

The third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect.
In the described invention, the first authentication information and the second authentication information are at least any one of information selected from characters, numerals, signs and signs directly related to image information, or information obtained by combining them. It is characterized by being generated.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, when the image information is an image, at least a pixel replacement method, a pixel space use method, and a quantization error use method are used. Method, statistical utilization method, discrete Fourier transform method (FTT), discrete cosine transform method (DC
T), a second method using a digital watermarking technique using a method selected from a frequency domain using method, a chrominance component using method, a luminance component using method, and an edge using method using a wavelet transform method (WLT), a spread spectrum method (SS). The authentication information is embedded in the image information.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, when the image information is a pattern, at least a spacing use method, a rotation / expansion use method, and a code use. The second authentication information is embedded in the image information by a digital watermarking technique using a method selected from a method and an alternative character use method.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the image information is information of either a binary image or a multi-valued image. .

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the image information is formed on a card base material, and the authentication face representing the owner of the IC card. It is an image, a mark indicating the source of the IC card, or a pattern formed on the card base material.

According to the present invention, there is provided an IC card including at least an IC chip storing first authentication information and image information embedded with the second authentication information; An IC card authentication system including a reading device that reads each of the second authentication information, wherein the reading device reads first authentication information stored in an IC chip, and is embedded in the image information. Reading the second authentication information that has been
Reading means, and determining means for determining whether the authentication information is valid by comparing the first authentication information read by the first reading means with the second authentication information read by the second reading means. , And is characterized by having.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the eighth aspect, the reading device comprises: a first display means for displaying the first authentication information read by the first reading means; It is characterized by including a second display unit for displaying the second authentication information read by the reading unit, and a third display unit for displaying the result of the determination by the determination unit.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the eighth aspect of the present invention, the IC card authentication system includes a storage unit for storing the first authentication information in the IC chip, and an image information in which the second authentication information is embedded. And image information forming means for providing the image information on the surface of the card base material.

[0025] According to the eleventh aspect, at least the first aspect
An IC card comprising an IC chip storing the authentication information of the above and an image information in which the second authentication information is embedded, and a reading device for reading each of the first authentication information and the second authentication information in the IC card. An IC card authentication method using a card authentication system, wherein a first reading step of reading first authentication information stored in an IC chip and a second reading of embedded authentication information in image information are performed. The second readout step and the first authentication information read out in the first readout step are compared with the second authentication information read out in the second readout step to determine whether the authentication information is valid. And a determining step of performing the determination.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an IC card, an IC card authentication system and an authentication method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the appearance of an IC card according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an IC card 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an IC chip 11 storing first authentication information on a card base material 10 and a second face photograph for recognizing a card holder. Face photo information 1 in which the card owner's signature is embedded as authentication information
And 2.

The face photograph information 12 may be either a binary (black and white) image or a multi-value (color) image.
Also, a geometric pattern on the card base material 10 in place of the face photograph,
The card owner's signature for recognizing the card owner may be embedded as second authentication information in a pattern such as a graphic or a line drawing.

The digital watermark information used as the second authentication information of the present invention can be embedded and concealed in an invisible state in image data such as the face photograph information 12, so that even the card owner can use it. In the normal state, the second authentication information cannot be visually confirmed, and the card holder is recognized by a pattern such as a geometric pattern, a graphic, and a line drawing on the card base 10 instead of the face photograph. The signature of the cardholder for the authentication can be embedded as the second authentication information.

When a third party extracts digital watermark information from the face photograph of the facial photograph information 12 in which the digital watermark information is embedded, the facial photograph information 12 is destroyed.
It is very difficult to rewrite another electronic watermark information in the face photograph information 12.

As a method of embedding digital watermark information having the above-described characteristics in a face photograph, there is the following method.

As a first method for embedding digital watermark information in monochrome image data such as a monochrome face photograph, there is a pixel replacement method in which bit information of pixels is secretly replaced with bit information for digital watermark information. in this case,
This specifies the bit information to be replaced at the pixel position as a key.

As a second method, there is a pixel space utilization method in which a plane of 3 × 3 pixels in the vicinity of a target pixel is sliced and extracted, and a signature mark or the like is embedded in the surrounding 8 bits. In this case, the electronic watermark information of 1/3 of the original image can be concealed at 256 gradations.

As a third method, at the time of compressing monochrome image data, a difference between a next input pixel and a predicted value of an input pixel is already obtained, and a quantization error used for quantizing and encoding the result is obtained. Notice, by controlling the quantization output delta _i 0,1 bit sequence of the digital watermark information into even and odd, apparently, there is a quantization error usage watermarking information as quantization noise.

As a fourth method, there is a frequency domain using method in which digital watermark information is embedded in the frequency domain of monochrome image data. In this case, various image processing such as compression, enlargement, rotation, differentiation, smoothing, cutting, etc., especially when storing and transmitting monochrome image data, and performing image compression,
It is possible to avoid the problem that the data of the embedded digital watermark information is scattered and cannot be completely encoded. Examples of such a frequency domain utilization method include a discrete Fourier transform method (FTT), a discrete cosine transform method (DCT), a wavelet transform method (WLT), and a spread spectrum method (SS).

Further, as a fifth method, a statistical utilization method is used in which a bias + Δ is given to n arbitrary pixel values in the density of the monochrome image data, and a bias −Δ is given back to the n arbitrary pixel values. is there. In this case, it is used as a durable method by appropriately selecting the setting of the number of repetitions and the bias, and is called patchwork.

Next, a method of embedding digital watermark information in color image data such as a color face photograph will be described below. Color image data has much greater redundancy than monochrome image data, and uses lightness, hue, and saturation in a color image to store data within the range that cannot be identified by human eyes. This is because digital watermark information can be embedded.

As a first method for embedding digital watermark information in the color image data, a human visual characteristic
There is a chrominance component utilization method in which color difference information and saturation information generally use the fact that gradation discrimination ability is lower than luminance information, and digital watermark information is read without deteriorating image quality using high frequency color difference information. .

Further, as a second method, after separating the luminance component (Y) and the chrominance components (C _r , C _b ) of the color image data, two-dimensional discrete cosine transform is performed based on the JPEG algorithm. At this time, when the conversion output of the Y component is quantized by JPEG designation, a quantization error occurs. There is a luminance component utilization method for embedding digital watermark information using the quantization error.

Further, as a third method, in the color image data, there are a flat portion of the luminance component and a portion (edge) where the luminance component changes remarkably. There is an edge utilization method in which pixel information is replaced with digital watermark information or modulated by concentrating only on the edge portion of the image using the insensitivity.

When embedding digital watermark information such as characters, numbers, figures and signs in patterns such as geometric patterns, figures and line drawings, instead of image information such as face photographs, Postscript is used. For example, in the case where there are many strokes such as a spacing usage method using a blank portion as a delimiter between English words and a Japanese sentence,
Rotate characters slightly or lower the print point slightly to make use of the rotation / expansion method using the difference between the front, rear, left, and right characters. ), A part of or all of a word is intentionally replaced, or an alternative character using method that uses a document structure can be used.

In the embodiment of the present invention, any of the above-described methods can be used as a method of embedding digital watermark information including a signature of a card holder into a face photograph in the face image information 12.

The information used as the digital watermark information to be embedded in the face image information 12 is not particularly limited, and information obtained by encrypting such characters, numerals, figures, signs directly related to image information, and the like is used. It can be used as the second authentication information.

Further, the data inputted as the digital watermark information may be composed of about 8 bits, which does not affect the face image information 12 to be embedded, and the processing speed when reading the digital watermark information is reduced. The determination can be made in a short time without a problem such as a decrease.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an IC card authentication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2, the IC card authentication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the IC card 100 shown in FIG. 1 and a reading device 200, and the input unit 27 and the printer 300 are provided to the control unit 24 of the reading device 200. Can be issued separately to issue the IC card 100.

First, an IC card is inserted into an IC card authentication system in which the input unit 27 and the printer 300 are connected to the control unit 24 of the reading device 200. This IC card is an IC card on which no information is recorded (not shown)
It is.

The spelling of the card owner's signature is stored as first authentication information in the IC chip 11 on the card base 10 of the IC card from the input unit 27 such as a numeric keypad to recognize the card owner. The printer 300 records the face photograph information 12 in which the signature of the card owner is embedded in the face photograph as the second authentication information.

As a specific method, first, a character string corresponding to the spelling of the signature of the card holder is input to the photograph of the face of the card holder as second authentication information from the input unit 27 such as a numeric keypad. The control unit 24 changes the JIS code (two-byte binary number) to "01001101000 ...".
.., And store it in the storage unit 26.

Next, the photograph of the face of the card holder is scanned by the scanner 2.
2 and read the face photograph with each color value being from 0 to 25.
The data is binarized by the control unit 24 so as to have five gradation values, and stored in the storage unit 26. At this time, for the face photograph, the mapping corresponding to “0” and “1” is represented by y = f (x), and f: xmod
2 (mod is an operator for calculating the remainder of division), and color information at an arbitrary position (point) is made to correspond to “0” or “1”.

Next, the binarized face photograph stored in the storage unit 26 and the character corresponding to the spelling of the card owner's signature, which is the second authentication information to be embedded as digital watermark information in the face photograph. "01" in which the column is converted to a 2-byte binary number
.. 0011001000...
In the above, one-bit information is made to correspond to one point in order from the pixel at an arbitrary position of the binarized face photograph, and if the pixel value matches the binary number to be embedded, the pixel value is used as it is. If not, use the chrominance component utilization method to change the pixel value and create a new pixel, create image information in which the cardholder's signature, which is the second authentication information, is embedded in the face photograph, and use IC by 300
The face photograph information 12 is recorded on the card base material 10 of the card, and the IC card 100 is obtained.

The IC card authentication system according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises the IC card 100 shown in FIG. 1 and the reading device 200 shown in FIG.
0 includes an IC probe 21, a scanner 22, a watermark information extraction unit 23, a control unit 24, a display unit 25, a storage unit 26, and an input unit 27.

The IC probe 21 allows the IC card 100 to be provided with the IC card 100 regardless of the contact type or the non-contact type.
The first authentication information stored in the C chip 11 is read and sent to the control unit 24.

The scanner 22 reads the face photograph information 12 formed on the surface of the IC card 100, converts it into a binary image, and sends it to the watermark information extracting unit 23.

The watermark information extracting unit 23 converts the character string corresponding to the spelling of the signature of the cardholder, which is the second authentication information, embedded in the binary image of the face photograph information 12 sent from the scanner 22. Two-byte binary number "010"
.. ”Are extracted and sent to the control unit 24.

The control unit 24 includes a spelling of the signature of the card holder as the first authentication information read out by the IC probe 21 and the watermark information extraction unit 2 as the second authentication information.
3 is obtained by converting the character string corresponding to the spelling of the cardholder's signature extracted in step 3 into a 2-byte binary number “010011”.
... ”And the digital watermark information. Note that the control unit 24 includes an R (not shown)
Based on the control program stored in the OM, it controls the operation of the entire reading device 200.

The display unit 25 displays the spelling of the signature of the card holder, which is the first authentication information read out by the IC probe 21, and the digital watermark, which is the second authentication information extracted by the watermark information extraction unit 23. The information and the result determined by the control unit 24 are displayed.

It is also possible to provide a loudspeaker in the reading device 200 and notify the determination result determined by the control unit 24 by making the loudspeaker sound.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of an authentication operation in the IC card authentication system according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, first, the reading device 20
0 when the IC card 100 is placed (step S
1), the second authentication information stored in the IC chip 11 is read by the IC probe 21, and the read second authentication information is sent to the control unit 24 (step S).
2).

Next, the face photograph information 12 formed on the IC card 100 by printing or the like is read by the scanner 22, converted into a binary image, and transmitted to the watermark information extracting unit 23 (step S3). .

The watermark information extracting unit 23 extracts digital watermark information from the binarized image from the scanner 22 based on predetermined processing, and outputs the extracted digital watermark information to the control unit 2.
4 (step S4).

The control unit 24 determines whether the first authentication information transmitted from the IC probe 21 matches the second authentication information transmitted from the watermark information extraction unit 23, and determines the result of the determination. Output to the display unit 25 (step S5).

The display section 25 displays the judgment result output from the control section 24 on a display screen (step S6).

In the present invention, the first authentication information and the second authentication information use the binarized signature of the card holder as it is. Or the card issuing company embeds its own digital watermark information as card issuance information regardless of the cardholder. Also, the IC card authentication system is not available until the PIN (personal identification number) and the digital watermark information work together. Various modifications can be made, such as setting to start the authentication function.

According to the IC card of the present invention,
The first authentication information stored in the IC chip 11 and the second authentication information embedded in the face photograph information 12 may be any information that can be authenticated by collation. The information need not always be the same. For example, when entry / exit management is performed according to the type of job title or qualification such as entry / exit management, information such as an employee code is stored in the IC chip 11, The qualification is embedded as digital watermark information, the entry / exit restriction is determined based on an employee code or the like stored in the IC chip 11 to determine whether or not the employee is an employee.
Depending on the post and qualifications embedded as digital watermark information in
It may be determined whether or not the person can enter and leave the place.

[0065]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the IC card of the present invention, the first authentication information stored in the IC chip and the second authentication embedded in the face photograph information and the like. Since the information is composed of information that can be authenticated by collation, in the case of tampering and counterfeiting, it can be read and confirmed by a predetermined reading device, and It is difficult for a third party to easily know that the digital watermark information is embedded in the face photograph or the like simply by looking at the face photograph or the like. Therefore, it is possible to discriminate many third parties who plan forgery or falsification such as falsification of a face photograph or rewriting of information stored in an IC chip.

Further, according to the IC card authentication system of the present invention, it is determined whether or not the forged or falsified IC card has been illegally used by the IC card of the present invention.
The determination is made based on the determination of the authentication information stored and concealed in the IC chip or the face photograph information of the card. Therefore, it is possible to easily determine whether or not the IC card has been forged and falsified.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of an IC card according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an IC card authentication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an authentication operation of the IC card authentication system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Card base material 11 Face photograph information 12 IC chip 100 IC card

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G09C 1/00 660 H04N 1/387 5J104 5/00 G06K 19/00 R 9A001 H04N 1/387 FF term ( Reference) 2C005 MA03 MA04 MB01 MB08 MB10 SA14 5B035 AA15 BB09 BB11 CA38 5B057 AA20 BA24 CA01 CA06 CA08 CA16 CA19 CB01 CB06 CB08 CB16 CD03 CE08 DA16 DB06 DB08 DB09 DC32 5B058 CA16 KA02 KA05 A04 A07 A04 A06 A04 A04 A07 KA01 KA16 NA13 NA14 NA15 NA35 NA38 9A001 BB05 BB06 HH23 LL03

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. An information processing system in which at least first authentication information is stored.
An IC comprising: a card base having a built-in C chip; and at least image information selected from an image, a geometric pattern, a graphic, and a line drawing in which second authentication information is embedded on the surface of the card base. card. 2. The image information according to claim 1, wherein the image information is information that can be authenticated by comparing the first authentication information with the second authentication information. IC card. 3. The first authentication information and the second authentication information are at least one of information selected from characters, numerals, figures, and signatures directly related to the image information, or a combination thereof. 3. The IC card according to claim 1, wherein the IC card is generated from the information. 4. When the image information is an image, at least a pixel replacement method, a pixel space use method, a quantization error use method, a statistical use method, a discrete Fourier transform method (F
TT), discrete cosine transform method (DCT), wavelet transform method (WLT), spread spectrum method (S
The second authentication information is embedded in the image information by a digital watermarking technique using a method selected from the frequency domain use method, the chrominance component use method, the luminance component use method, and the edge use method according to S). The IC according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
card. 5. When the image information is a pattern, at least the second digital watermarking technique using a method selected from a spacing method, a rotation / expansion method, a code method, and an alternative character method. 4. The IC card according to claim 1, wherein the authentication information is embedded in the image information. 6. The IC card according to claim 1, wherein the image information is information of one of a binary image and a multi-valued image. 7. The image information is formed on the card base material, and is formed on an authentication face image representing the owner of the IC card, a mark indicating the source of the IC card, and on the card base material. The IC card according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the IC card is a pattern. 8. An information storage device storing at least first authentication information.
An IC card including a C chip and the image information in which second authentication information is embedded;
An IC card authentication system comprising a reading device that reads each of the authentication information and the second authentication information, wherein the reading device reads the first authentication information stored in the IC chip. Reading means; second reading means for reading the second authentication information embedded in the image information; first authentication information read by the first reading means; and the second reading means A determination unit that determines whether the second authentication information is valid by comparing the second authentication information read by the first authentication information with the second authentication information. 9. The reading device, comprising: first display means for displaying the first authentication information read by the first reading means; and second display means for reading the second authentication information read by the second reading means. 9. The IC card authentication system according to claim 8, comprising: a second display unit for displaying authentication information; and a third display unit for displaying a result of the judgment by the judgment unit. 10. The IC card authentication system, wherein: a storage unit for storing the first authentication information in the IC chip; and the image information in which the second authentication information is embedded is provided on a surface of the card base material. 9. The IC card authentication system according to claim 8, comprising: an image information forming unit. 11. An IC card including at least an IC chip storing first authentication information and said image information embedded with second authentication information, and said first authentication information and said second information in said IC card. An IC card authentication method using an IC card authentication system including a reading device that reads each of authentication information, wherein a first reading step of reading the first authentication information stored in the IC chip; A second reading step of reading the second authentication information embedded in the image information; and a first reading step of reading the first authentication information and the second reading step of the first reading step. A determination step of determining whether or not the second authentication information is valid by comparing the second authentication information with the second authentication information.