JP2001121351A - Cutting method, cutting material and cutting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutting method maintaining same quality of external thread processing with using a machining center as that of internal thread processing. SOLUTION: This cutting method cuts cylindrical periphery of a material 3 by a cutting tool 1. The cutting tool 1 is arranged on an internal wall 11 of a cutting main body 10 including a cylinder part wherein the material 3 is inserted and contacts periphery of the material 3 while the cutting main body 10 is rotating. The center of the cutting main body 10 moves on a revolution track 4, a rotation cutting diameter 2 of the cutting tool 1, thereby, draws an arch curves in same direction as a cut diameter of the material 3 and the periphery of the material 3 is cut.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutting method and a cutting apparatus for processing a member to be cut, and more particularly to a cutting method using a machining center having a helical feed mechanism of three-axis simultaneous control. The present invention relates to a method, a cutting member and a cutting device used in the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A cutting method for performing thread processing using a machining center is performed by rotating a columnar cutter provided with a cutting blade at a tip thereof while rotating the fixed member to be cut. This cutting method includes, as shown in FIG. 9, processing of an outer diameter thread that forms a thread on the outer periphery of the member to be cut 90, and, as shown in FIG. There is machining of an internal diameter screw that forms a screw thread on the inner periphery of the screw.

That is, in the case of machining an external thread, a cutting blade 92 fixed to a cutter 91 is brought into contact with the outer periphery of a member to be cut 90 (FIG. 9 (a)), and the cutter 91 rotates while cutting. Cutting is performed by moving (circular motion) on the outer periphery of the member 90 (FIG. 9B). At this time, each time the circular motion of the cutter 91 rotating on the main shaft makes one rotation, the axial direction is moved downward by one pitch (pitch P), so that the tool trajectory becomes a helical winding (helical feed of three-axis simultaneous control). The right thread can be threaded.

[0004] In the case of machining an inner diameter screw, the member to be cut 100
The cutting blade 103 fixed to the cutter 102 is brought into contact with the inner wall of the concave portion 101 (FIG. 10 (a)), and the cutter 102 moves along the inner periphery of the concave portion 101 while rotating (circular motion) to perform cutting. (FIG. 10B). At this time, each time the circular motion of the cutter 102 rotating on the main shaft makes one rotation, the cutter is moved downward by one pitch (pitch P) in the axial direction, so that the tool trajectory becomes a helical winding (helical feed of three-axis simultaneous control). The right thread can be threaded.

[0005]

The above-mentioned cutting method of thread processing is capable of freely processing screws having different diameters by changing the feed of the machine with a single cutter.
Either left-hand thread can be machined.Easy turning work on large workpieces with poor workability.Chips become finer due to cutting by rotating the cutter. And various types of screws,
It is widely used. However,
According to the cutting method of the thread processing described above, it has been confirmed that in the case of processing the outer diameter thread, "cut" is more likely to occur in the cut portion of the member to be cut 90 than in the case of processing the inner diameter thread.

[0006] In the case of machining an internal thread, FIG.
As shown in (b), the cut diameter of the member to be cut 100 (the outer diameter of the member to be cut 100) and the rotary cutting diameter of the cutter 102 (the outer diameter of the cutter 102) are arcs curved in the same direction. On the other hand, in the case of machining an external thread, FIG.
As shown in (b), the cut diameter of the member to be cut 90 (outer diameter of the member to be cut 90) and the rotary cutting diameter of the cutter 91 (outer diameter of the cutter 91) are arcs curved in opposite directions. It is thought to be due to That is, in the case of machining an external thread, the cutting blade 92 of the cutter 91 is
It is presumed that resistance is apt to be received when contacting zero, and a smooth cutting operation is alienated.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a cutting method and a cutting method capable of securing the same quality as the processing of an inner diameter screw even when processing an outer diameter screw using a machining center. An object is to provide a member and a cutting device.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutting method for cutting a cylindrical outer periphery of a member to be cut by a cutting blade, wherein the cutting blade comprises: The cutting member is disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the cutting body having the cylindrical portion into which the cutting member is inserted, and the cutting blade moves while abutting on the outer periphery of the member to be cut while the cutting body rotates. It is characterized by cutting the outer periphery of.

A cutting member according to a second aspect is a cutting member mounted on a rotatable member, wherein a cylindrical portion into which a member to be cut is inserted is formed on a lower surface, and at least an inner wall of the cylindrical portion is formed. A cutting blade is arranged at one place, and a fitting portion for fixing the cutting blade to the member is provided above.

A cutting device according to a third aspect of the present invention includes a cutting body having a cylindrical portion into which a member to be cut is inserted, a cutting blade disposed at at least one location on an inner wall of the cylindrical portion, and the member to be cut. Moving means for moving the cutting body to an arbitrary position with respect to, rotating means for rotating this cutting body,
Control means for moving the cutting body so that the member to be cut is positioned eccentrically from the center in the cylindrical portion, and controlling the moving means so that the cutting blade moves in contact with the outer periphery of the member to be cut. It is characterized by doing.

According to the present invention, the cutting blade disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical portion cuts by contacting the outer periphery of the member to be cut inserted into the cylindrical portion. Is a circular arc curved in the same direction as the diameter of the rotary cutting, and a smooth cutting operation can be exhibited.

It is preferable that the tip side of the cutting blade is a straight inclined line or a curved tapered line. This is to obtain a gentle approach angle when the cutting blade comes into contact with the outer periphery of the workpiece. Further, when the tip side of the cutting blade is a curved tapered line, the cutting blade has an arc shape closer to the cut diameter of the member to be cut, and a smoother cutting operation can be performed.

By arranging a plurality of cutting blades on the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the cutting body, a cutting operation with good efficiency can be performed.

Further, by providing an oil supply hole on the upper surface side of the cylindrical portion, lubricating oil can be supplied to the cut portion of the member to be cut.
Performing a smooth cutting operation enables high-precision machining.

Since the cutting device has elevating means for elevating and lowering the cutting body, the cutting blade can be raised and lowered with respect to the member to be cut, thereby enabling threading.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The principle of a cutting method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the cutting body and the cutting blade and the member to be cut from the head side of the member to be cut, and FIG. It is a plane explanatory view showing a revolution locus.

According to the cutting method of the present invention, the outer periphery of the cylindrical cutting member 3 having a diameter smaller than the rotating cutting diameter 2 is formed with respect to the rotating cutting diameter 2 formed by the rotation (rotation) of the cutting blade 1. The outer periphery of the workpiece 3 is cut by moving the abutting portion so as to make one revolution (revolution) around the workpiece 3. The cutting blade 1
On the inner wall 11 of the cylindrical portion of the cutting body 10, the blade portion 1a is arranged so as to face the center side. The tip side of the blade portion 1a is inclined so as to be higher in the direction of rotation, so that the acute angle of the blade portion 1a hits the workpiece 3.

A plurality of cutting blades 1 are arranged on the inner wall 11 of the cutting body 10, and in this embodiment, the four cutting blades 1 are shifted from each other by 90 degrees and are positioned at equal intervals. And
When the cutting body 10 is rotated clockwise by a rotating means (not shown), the movement of each cutting blade 1 causes the rotation cutting diameter 2
Is formed.

As described above, the contact portion between the rotary cutting diameter 2 and the workpiece 3 goes around the periphery of the workpiece 3 by moving the cutting body 10 by moving means (not shown). To move. In order to obtain such a movement trajectory, the contact portion moves the center position of the cutting body 10 along a revolution trajectory 4 which is a circle concentric with the workpiece 3 inside the workpiece 3. Just do it. The movement of the center position of the cutting main body 10 along the revolution trajectory 4 is performed by control means (not shown) for controlling the movement trajectory by the moving means.

That is, the positional relationship between the rotary cutting diameter 2 and the workpiece 3 is as shown in FIG. By positioning the center of the cutting main body 10 at the intersection a between the line A and the revolving locus 4 with respect to the workpiece 3, a rotary cutting diameter 2 a is obtained, and the hatched portion of the workpiece 3 is cut. FIG.
Then, in order to clearly explain the position of the cut portion of the member 3 to be cut, the rotary cutting diameter 2 is deeply penetrated into the member 3 to be cut, and the cut area is displayed large at a portion corresponding to the contact portion. are doing. Next, in order to move the contact portion, when the center of the cutting body 10 is located at the intersection b on the line B, a rotary cutting diameter 2b is obtained, and further, the center of the cutting body 10 is located at the intersection c on the line C. By obtaining the rotary cutting diameter 2c, the cutting of the workpiece 3 is sequentially performed.

On the other hand, in the case of using the cutting method of the external diameter threading described with reference to FIG. 9 of the conventional example, the positional relationship between the rotary cutting diameter 2 and the workpiece 3 is as shown in FIG. Become. That is, the revolving locus 4 'of the cutter with respect to the workpiece 3 is a circle concentric with the workpiece 3 outside the workpiece 3, and the center of the cutter is located at the intersection a' between the A line and the revolving locus 4 '. When it is located, the rotary cutting diameter 2a is obtained, and the hatched portion of the workpiece 3 is cut. Next, when the cutter moves and is located at the intersection b on the line B, a rotary cutting diameter 2b is obtained, and when the cutter is located at the point c on the line C, a rotary cutting diameter 2c is obtained. Are sequentially performed.

As is clear from comparison of the cut portions in the hatched portions of the member 3 to be cut in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the case of the conventional cutting method (FIG. 2B)
Is the cut diameter of the cut member 3 and the rotary cut diameter 2 of the cutter.
Are circular arcs curved in opposite directions to each other, whereas in the case of the method of the present invention (FIG. 2A), the diameter to be cut of the member to be cut 3 and the rotary cutting diameter 2 by the cutting blade are in the same direction. It becomes an arc that curves to the side, and it is possible to exhibit a smoother cutting operation at the contact portion as compared with the conventional method.

In FIGS. 1 and 2 (a), the principle of cutting has been described with reference to a plan view. As shown in FIG. 3, the shape of the blade portion 1a of the cutting blade 1 (shape in the front and back direction in FIG. 1) ) Has a shape in which peaks and valleys are alternately continuous, and corresponds to one pitch of the blade portion 1a when the center of the cutting main body 10 makes one revolution on the revolution trajectory 4 shown in FIG. 1 by a moving means (not shown). By providing the elevating means for lowering (or ascending) the cutting main body 10 by the height, it is possible to form a thread on the member 3 to be cut. FIG. 1 corresponds to the cross-sectional explanatory view taken along the line AA of FIG.

If the shape (shape in the front and back direction of FIG. 1) of the blade portion 1a of the cutting blade 1 is set to a shape corresponding to a cross-section to be obtained by cutting the member 3 to be cut, the center of the cutting body 10 can be obtained. Can cut the workpiece 3 into a desired shape only by making one revolution of the orbital locus 4 (no lifting means is required).

Next, an example of an embodiment of a cutting device provided with the cutting member of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This cutting device is a cutting device for external thread processing to which the present invention is applied.

The cutting device includes a machine tool (not shown) such as a machining center and a cutting member mounted on a holder (chuck) of the machine tool. The machining center includes a rotating unit for rotating the holder unit (chuck unit), a moving unit for moving the position of the holder unit (chuck unit) on a horizontal plane, an elevating unit for moving the position in the vertical direction, and a movement locus of these. Is provided. By these means, the machining center is provided with a three-axis simultaneous control mechanism. With this three-axis simultaneous control mechanism, “helical feed” is possible, and the operation can be performed such that the trajectory of the tool (cutting member) mounted on the holder portion becomes a helical winding.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cutting member 20 has a substantially cylindrical shape and a main body 2 having a cylindrical portion formed below.
1 and a cylindrical ring 22 connected around the lower side of the main body 21
It is composed of The cylindrical ring 22 is provided with a screw 2 passing through the cylindrical ring 22 from the outside of the main body 21.
The projections 9 and 29 are fixed by fitting into the recesses of the main body 21. In the cylindrical portion of the main body 21, cutting blades 23 are inserted and arranged at equal intervals, and the cutting blades 23 are formed so as to protrude from the inner wall side of the cylindrical portion, and each pair of cutting blades 23 is positioned so as to face each other. I have. In addition, each cutting blade 23,
The cutting blade 2 is inserted into a concave portion 24 formed on the inner periphery of the cylindrical ring 22.
The back side of 3 is fitted. FIG.
4 is a view of the cutting member 20 of FIG. 4 as viewed from below, and the direction of rotation (rotation) of the cutting member 20 by the rotating means of the machining center is in a counterclockwise direction (a diagram viewed from a direction opposite to FIG. 1). The direction of rotation is also reversed).

The cutting blade 23 is formed in a rectangular shape as a whole, and a blade portion 25 is mounted at a lower position on the inside. As shown in FIG. 5, the tip side of the blade portion 25 is formed by a linear inclined line that rises to the right as viewed from the base. In order to form a thread, the slope and the valley are formed as shown in FIG.
Are formed continuously in the front and back directions. At the upper position inside the cutting blade 23, a groove 26 having a continuous unevenness is formed similarly to the blade 25.

Each cutting blade 23 is fixed by a locking member 30 inserted into the center of the cylindrical portion 22. The locking body 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has cutouts 3 corresponding to the respective cutting blades 23 on the side surfaces.
1 are formed, and each of the blades 32 having an arc shape in a horizontal plane is formed at four corners between the notches 31. The blade portion 32 is formed by continuously forming arc-shaped irregularities so as to fit into the groove portion 26, and making the protrusion length of the right protrusion 32b longer than the left protrusion 32a of the blade 32. Have been. A through hole 33 is formed in the center of the locking body 30, and a female screw 34 is formed on the upper side of the inner wall thereof.
A hexagonal hole 35 is formed at the lower end.

In the cylindrical portion of the main body 21, the respective cutting blades 25 are arranged so as to protrude from the inner wall, so that the respective cutting blades 25 are positioned in the respective notches 31 of the locking body 30 so as to be inserted into the main body 21. At the position where the locking body 30 is inserted and the locking body 30 is in contact with the bottom of the cylindrical portion of the main body 21, the locking body 30 is then inserted into a hexagonal hole 35 at the lower end with a hexagonal wrench (not shown). Insert
By rotating to the left, each blade 32 fits into the groove 26 of the cutting blade 23, and the right side of the blade 32 presses the groove 26, so that the rear side position is the concave portion of the cylindrical ring 22. The cutting blade 23 regulated by the
Fix inside.

A central hole 27 penetrates the center of the main body 21, and the central hole 27 and the through hole 33 of the locking body 30 are provided.
The locking member 30 is securely fixed to the main body 21 by inserting a bolt 40 into the main body 21 and screwing a male screw formed on the distal end side of the bolt 40 into the female screw 34 of the through hole 33. A fitting projection 28 is formed on the upper part of the main body 21 so that a ready-made holder 50 that can be mounted on the holder of the machining center can be fixed.

An oil supply hole 41 communicating with the inside of the cylindrical portion of the main body 21 is provided at the center of the bolt 40, so that lubricating oil guided from the machining center side via the holder portion can be supplied into the cylindrical portion of the main body 21. ing. Since the supplied lubricating oil is sprayed on the entire cut member disposed in the cylindrical portion of the main body 21, high-precision processing can be performed.

Next, a case in which an outer diameter thread is machined by using the above cutting device will be described. First, the member to be cut 60 is inserted into the center of the cylindrical portion of the main body 21 of the cutting member 20, and the member to be cut 60 is positioned eccentrically from the center in the main body 21 as shown in FIG. Cutting member 20 attached to the holder by the moving means on the machining center side
Is moved by the distance t, and the cutting blade 23 is brought into contact with the outer periphery of the member 60 to be cut. The cutting member 20 mounted on the holder is rotated (rotated) by the rotating means on the machining center side. At this time, since the rotary cutting diameter formed by the rotation of the cutting blade 23 is in contact with the outer periphery of the workpiece 60, the workpiece 60 is cut.

Subsequently, the outer periphery of the workpiece 60 is cut by moving (revolving) the holder by the moving means on the machining center side so that the abutting portion goes around the circumference of the workpiece 60. The locus of this movement can be set in advance by the control means on the machining center side.

Then, every time when the contact portion goes around the periphery of the workpiece 60, the raising / lowering means on the machining center side is lowered by the distance (one pitch) between the ridges of the blade portion 25 (simultaneously with three axes). By controlling helical feed, the trajectory of the blade portion 25 becomes a helical winding, and it becomes possible to perform screw processing.

In the above-described example, the tip side of the blade portion 25 of the cutting blade 23 as shown in FIG. 7A has been described as an inclined line, but as shown in FIG. A notch may be provided on the rotation progress side. FIG.
As shown in (c), the tip side of the blade portion 25 of the cutting blade 23 may be a tapered line with a curved radius. In this case, when the cutting blade 23 comes into contact with the outer periphery of the member 60 to be cut, a gentle approach angle is obtained, so that smoother cutting can be performed, and high-precision processing can be performed. Further, as shown in FIG. 7D, a rectangular shape having no inclination may be used. In this case, the square tip angle and the workpiece 60
Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the acute angle portion on the rotation progress side of the blade portion 25 at the rectangular tip from being positioned above the diameter of the member 60 to be cut.

The case where a normal outer diameter thread is machined as the cutting blade 23 of the cutting member 20 in FIG. 4 has been described. However, if the cutting blade 23 is replaced with a blade having a blade portion capable of obtaining a tapered shape, the outer diameter can be reduced. It is also possible to perform a tapered outer diameter thread processing in which the diameter is tapered.

Further, the above-mentioned cutting member 20 is
Although an example in which the cutting member 20 is mounted on the cutting member 20 has been described, the holder 51 may be formed integrally with the cutting member 20 as shown in FIG. 8, the same components as those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0039]

According to the present invention, since the cutting blade arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the cutting member abuts on the outer periphery of the member to be cut inserted into the cylindrical portion, cutting is performed. The diameter of the workpiece to be cut and the diameter of the rotary cutting by the cutting blade form an arc that curves in the same direction, preventing the occurrence of "burr" and allowing a smooth cutting operation to be performed, improving machining accuracy. Becomes

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view showing the positional relationship between a cutting member, a cutting blade, and a member to be cut for explaining the principle of the cutting method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 (a) is an explanatory plan view showing a position of a rotary cutting diameter of a cutting blade and a revolution locus of a cutting blade with respect to a member to be cut by a cutting method of the present invention, and FIG. It is a plane explanatory view showing a position of a rotary cutting diameter of a blade and a revolution locus.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory side view showing a part of a cutting member.

FIG. 4 (a) is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a cutting member according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 (b) shows an arrangement of the cutting member when cutting is performed on the cutting member. FIG.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory rear view of the cutting member as viewed from below.

FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a planar shape of a cylindrical ring, and FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a planar shape of a locking body.

FIGS. 7A to 7D are explanatory diagrams illustrating examples of the shape of a blade portion of a cutting member and a position of the cutting member with respect to a member to be cut;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory sectional view showing another example of the cutting member.

9A and 9B show a cutting method conventionally used for machining an external thread, in which FIG. 9A is a side view and FIG. 9B is a plan view.

FIGS. 10A and 10B show a cutting method conventionally used for machining an internal thread, in which FIG. 10A is a side view and FIG. 10B is a plan view.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: cutting blade, 2: rotary cutting diameter, 3: cutting member,
4 ... revolving locus, 10 ... cutting body, 11 ... inner wall, 20 ...
Cutting member, 21 ... body, 22 ... cylindrical ring, 23 ...
Cutting blade, 25: blade, 26: groove, 27: central hole,
28: fitting projection, 30: locking body, 32: blade
33 ... through hole, 34 ... female screw, 40 ... bolt, 41
... Oil hole, 50 ... Holder, 60 ... Cutting member

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A cutting method for cutting a cylindrical outer periphery of a member to be cut by a cutting blade, wherein the cutting blade is disposed on an inner wall of the cylindrical portion of a cutting body having a cylindrical portion into which the member to be cut is inserted. The cutting method is characterized in that the cutting blade cuts the outer periphery of the workpiece by rotating while the cutting body is in contact with the outer periphery of the workpiece. 2. A cutting member to be mounted on a rotatable member, wherein a cylindrical portion into which a member to be cut is inserted is formed on a lower surface, and a cutting blade is disposed at least at one position on an inner wall of the cylindrical portion. A cutting member, wherein a fitting portion for fixing to the member is provided above. 3. The cutting member according to claim 2, wherein the tip side of the cutting blade is a linear inclined line. 4. The cutting member according to claim 2, wherein the tip side of the cutting blade is a curved tapered line. 5. The cutting member according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of cutting blades are arranged on an inner wall of the cylindrical portion of the cutting body. 6. An oil supply hole is provided on the upper surface side of the cylindrical portion.
3. The cutting member according to claim 1. 7. A cutting body having a cylindrical portion into which a member to be cut is inserted; a cutting blade disposed at at least one position on an inner wall of the cylindrical portion; Moving means for moving the cutting body, and rotating means for rotating the cutting body; and moving the cutting body so that the member to be cut is positioned eccentrically from the center in the cylindrical portion, wherein the cutting blade Control means for controlling said moving means so as to move in contact with an outer periphery thereof. 8. The cutting apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising lifting means for raising and lowering the cutting body.