JP2001104819A - Crushing and sorting device for gypsum board - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing and sorting device for gypsum boards which is capable of easing the disposal of the gypsum boards by surely separating the gypsum boards to gypsum portions and paper portions and allows the recycling of the gypsum boards. SOLUTION: This crushing and sorting device has a cylindrical transporting casing 23 which has a supply port 25 for the fragments of the gypsum lath boards at one end and a discharge port 27 for the materials to be sorted at the other end and two screw conveyors 32 and 33 which are housed into the transporting casing 23 so as to extend therein and have two shafts parallel to each other. Many holes H for dropping the many fragments are formed on the under surface part of the transporting casing 23 and the screw conveyors 32 and 33 are provided with belt-like pinching plate parts 36 having rugged shapes on the outside surfaces along the outer peripheral parts of spiral plates parts 30 and 31 of these conveyors.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus for crushing a gypsum board having paper adhered to at least one of the front and back surfaces, and separating the gypsum board into paper gypsum fragments. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A gypsum board used as a wall material for providing a soundproofing and fireproofing function to a wall material of a building is made of gypsum as shown in FIG. 11 for the sake of convenience in production and use. The paper 62 is manufactured by attaching paper 62 to both sides (or one side) of the hardened gypsum plate portion 60. For this reason, if you want to break a building and dispose of gypsum board,
Since the paper 62 is adhered and the paper ferments and generates heat in the soil, burying the gypsum board in the soil for disposal is regulated.

Further, gypsum board cannot be incinerated because gypsum is a main component, so that the gypsum portion and the paper portion must be disposed separately. If the gypsum portion and the paper portion are separated, the gypsum can be buried and disposed in a stable disposal site licensed by an administrative agency, and the paper can be incinerated.

[0004]

Conventionally, however, there has been no suitable device for separating such a gypsum portion from a paper portion. For example, 200 plasterboard
1600r. p. m. When crushed by a cone crusher or the like rotating at a high speed, the fibers of the paper are cut and broken, and mixed with the crushed fine gypsum, so that the gypsum and the paper cannot be completely separated. If the paper cannot be separated from gypsum while maintaining a certain size, each cannot be treated in a different way, so disposal of gypsum board is not only a difficult problem, but also recycling of gypsum board There was a problem that it could not be used.

In view of the above problems, the present invention can reliably separate a gypsum portion from a paper portion to facilitate disposal of the gypsum board and to enable recycling of the gypsum board. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus that can be used as a gypsum board.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention crushes a gypsum board having paper adhered to at least one of the front and back surfaces, and separates the gypsum board into pieces of gypsum and pieces of paper. Gypsum board crushing and sorting device,
A cylindrical transport casing having a supply port for the gypsum board debris at one end and a discharge port for the sorted material at the other end, and accommodated in the transport casing so as to extend in the length direction thereof. Two screw conveyors having two parallel axes, and a plurality of holes for dropping debris are formed in the lower surface of the transport casing, and irregularities are formed on the outer surface along the outer peripheral portion of the spiral plate portion of the screw conveyor. By providing a band-shaped pressing plate having a shape, the screw conveyor is rotated by sandwiching a piece of gypsum board between the inner surface of the lower surface of the transport casing and the outer surface of the pressing plate of the screw conveyor, The gypsum board is crushed or crushed and separated into gypsum fragments and paper fragments, and the separated gypsum fragments fall from the holes for dropping the fragments of the transport casing, and the separation is performed. Paper debris that is obtained by construction such that the screw conveyor is discharged from the discharge port of the object to be sorted matter being conveyed in the conveyance casing upward by rotating.

[0007] According to the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus having the above-described configuration, the gypsum board fragments are sandwiched between the inner surface of the lower surface of the transport casing and the outer surface of the pressing plate of the screw conveyor. The gypsum can be crushed or crushed by rotating, and the paper can be separated into a gypsum part and a paper part while maintaining a certain size, thereby facilitating disposal of the gypsum board. At the same time, the gypsum board can be recycled.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 1
0 is a diagram referred to for explaining the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 are views showing a gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 according to the present embodiment. In the figure, a support frame 21 of a gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 is shown.
, A cylindrical transfer casing 2 in a state of being inclined at about 45 °.
3 are supported and provided. A hopper 25 (supply port) is provided at a lower end portion of the transport casing 23 for receiving the gypsum board fragments.
Is provided with an outlet 27 for discharging fragments of the paper (sorted material) separated and separated from the gypsum portion.

As shown in FIG. 4, two screw conveyors 32 and 33 having two axes parallel to each other are accommodated in the transport casing 23 so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the transport casing 23. . Screw conveyor 32,
33 is formed by providing spiral plate portions 30 and 31 around the respective shaft members 34 and 35.

The spiral plate 3 of the screw conveyor 32
Numeral 0 has a twist direction in the same direction as the right-hand thread, and the spiral plate portion 31 of the screw conveyor 33 has a twist direction in the same direction as the left-hand thread. Gears (not shown) that mesh with each other are provided at the lower ends of the shaft members 34 and 35 shown in FIG. 4, and one of the gears is driven by a motor 37 (see FIG. 3) so that the other gear is also driven. It rotates at the same time.

In FIG. 4 (also in FIGS. 5, 6 and 10), for the sake of simplicity, the spiral plate portions 30, 31 are shown.
Are drawn so that the virtual cylinder surfaces on the outer periphery of the spiral contact with each other, but in actuality, in order to improve the function, about half of the difference between the radii of the spiral plate portions 30 and 31 and the radius of each of the shaft members 34 and 35. Are assembled so that they overlap each other so as to overlap each other.

[0013] As shown in FIG.
A band-like pressing plate portion 36 is integrally provided on the second spiral plate portion 30 by welding along the outer peripheral portion so that the cross section thereof is inverted L-shaped. The helical plate portion 31 of the screw conveyor 33 is also integrally provided with a similar band-like pressing plate portion 36 along the outer peripheral portion thereof by welding.

In FIG. 7, a helical spiral plate 3
Assuming that the direction of movement of the position close to the transport casing 23 when 0 rotates is the direction of the arrow in FIG.
The left side (moving front side) of the spiral plate portion 30 in FIG.
Since it does not extend like the clamping plate portion 36 on the right side (moving rear side), pieces of paper or gypsum board can be easily carried to the moving front side.

As shown in FIG. 8, a ridge 36a extending in the width direction is formed on the outer surface of the pressure plate 36 by welding at intervals in the circumferential direction. FIG.
In the figure, the height of the ridge portion 36a is formed such that the left side in the figure is low and the right side in the figure is high. Thereby, the gap between the moving front side of the convex ridge 36a and the transport casing 23 is made larger than the gap between the moving rear side of the convex ridge 36a and the transport casing 23, and the gap of the convex ridge 36a is The gypsum pieces are easily bitten during movement.

The protruding ridges 36a of the clamping plate 36 may be formed by hardfacing welding using a Cr-based welding rod having excellent abrasion resistance, or may be formed by high-hardness such as S45C. The ridges 36a of the high carbon round steel may be hardened by welding the carbon-based round steel, cooling by applying oil after heating with a burner, and cooling.

As shown in FIG. 5, the screw conveyors 32 and 33 have a length L1 in FIG.
Although it has the same shape in the circumferential direction, in the portion of length L2 in FIG. 4, that is, in the length portion exposed from the hopper 25 in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. The circular saw-shaped blade portions 30a, 31a and the notches 30b, 3 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.
1b is formed in plurality.

As shown in FIG. 9, the width of the pressing plate 36 and the length of the ridge 36a on the outer periphery of the helical plates 30 and 31 of the length L2 in FIG. Are formed in a smaller size than those in the portion of the length L1 in FIG. 7, that is, those shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG.
Is configured by fastening and fixing a U-shaped trough 23a and a cover plate 23b for closing the upper opening of the U-shaped trough 23a with bolts and nuts. The U-shaped trough 23a is formed of punching metal (SS) having a thickness of about 4.5 to 9 mm.

The top of the ridge 36a of the pressing plate 36 of the screw conveyors 32, 33 and the conveying casing 23
A gap smaller than the thickness of the gypsum board to be crushed is formed between the gypsum board and the inner surface of the U-shaped trough 23a. The U-shaped trough 23a of the transport casing 23 has a diameter of 10 m near the screw conveyors 32 and 33 and at the bottom thereof.
Many holes H at the m-th level are formed.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, an upper end of an inclined discharge duct 40 is connected to a discharge port 27 at an upper end of the transport casing 23. Is connected to a mouth of a storage bag (not shown) for storing paper to be sorted.

A screw conveyor 42 is provided below the lower surface of the transport casing 23 so that the gypsum fragments falling from the large number of holes H are transported upward along the lower surface of the transport casing 23. Has become. And there is an outlet at the upper end of this screw conveyor 42,
The upper end of a discharge duct 44 for discharging gypsum fragments is connected to this discharge port. The discharge duct 44 has an inverted V shape, and each of two lower ends thereof is connected to a mouth of a storage bag (not shown) for storing gypsum fragments.

The method of using the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 having such a configuration will be described below. First, a waste gypsum board is sandwiched by a power shovel or the like and crushed to a size that can be put into the hopper 25, and pieces of the crushed gypsum board are put into the hopper 25. Then Figure 6
As shown in FIG. 5, the large pieces of gypsum board put in from the hopper 25 are rotated by the upper circumferential portions of the screw conveyors 32 and 33 rotating in a direction approaching each other, so that the spiral plates of the two screw conveyors 32 and 33 are rotated. Part 30,
It is bitten between the blade portions 30a, 31a of the 31 and roughly crushed.

Here, as described above, the width of the pressing plate portion 36 on the outer periphery of the spiral plate portions 30, 31 of the screw conveyors 32, 33 (of the length L2 in FIG. 4) exposed from the hopper 25. The length of the ridge portion 36a is the width of the pressing plate portion 36 of the helical plate portions 30 and 31 and the length of the ridge portion 36a in the portion of the length L1 in FIG. 4, that is, the spiral shape shown in FIG. Since it is formed in a size smaller than the width of the pressing plate portion 36 of the plate portions 30 and 31 and the length of the protruding ridge portion 36a, it is possible to achieve both the function of biting the gypsum board fragments and the function of transporting the same. .

If the width of the pressing plate 36 of the helical plates 30 and 31 of the length L2 in FIG.
If the length of a and the width of the pressing plate portion 36 and the length of the protruding ridge portion 36a at the portion of the length L1 in FIG.
The gypsum board debris and paper are pressed into the pressing plate 36 and the shaft member 34,
This is because the sheet is not conveyed because it is clogged between the sheets.

In FIG. 4, the gypsum board fragments roughly crushed by the blade portions 30a, 31a of the spiral plate portions 30, 31 of the screw conveyors 32, 33 at the length L2 are shown by the rotation of the screw conveyors 32, 33. It is transported to the upper middle. The pieces of this transported gypsum board are:
At the length L1 in the figure, as shown in FIG.
Screw conveyors 32, 3 without blades 30a, 31a
3 is sandwiched between the ridge portion 36a of the pressing plate portion 36 and the inner surface of the lower surface of the U-shaped trough 23a of the transport casing 23 and finely crushed or crushed.

That is, the coarsely crushed pieces of the gypsum board are rotated by the screw conveyors 32 and 33, and the spiral plate portions 3 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction thereof are rotated.
0, 30 and the helical plate portions 31, 31 are conveyed, and a part of the gypsum board fragments is projected on the ridge portion 36a of the pressing plate portion 36 of the screw conveyors 32, 33.
And the inner surface of the lower surface of the U-shaped trough 23a of the transport casing 23.

As described above, in FIG. 7, when the helical spiral plate portion 30 rotates, the transport casing 23 is rotated.
Assuming that the direction of movement of the position close to is the direction of the arrow in the drawing, the left side (moving front side) of the pressing plate portion 36 in the figure (moving front side) is the right side (moving rear side) of the pressing plate portion 36. Therefore, pieces of paper or gypsum board can be easily carried to the moving front side. If the moving front side of the pressing plate portion 36 extends as long as the moving rear side, fragments of paper or gypsum board are formed between the moving front side of the pressing plate portion 36 and the shaft members 34 and 35. This is because they are jammed and cannot be conveyed.

In FIG. 7, the height of the ridge portion 36a is formed so that the left side in the figure is low and the right side in the figure is high. Thereby, the gap between the moving front side of the convex ridge 36a and the transport casing 23 is made larger than the gap between the moving rear side of the convex ridge 36a and the transport casing 23, and the gap of the convex ridge 36a is The gypsum pieces can be easily bitten during movement.

Further, as shown in FIG.
Are formed on the outer surface thereof, and the U-shaped trough 23a of the transport casing 23 is formed with a large number of holes H. 36a and U-shaped trough 23a
Is firmly captured in the gap between the lower surface and the inner surface, and is crushed or crushed. The screw conveyors 32 and 33 are provided with 5 to 50 r. p. m. Rotate at low speed.
200r. p. m. If the paper is rotated at the above high speed, the paper fragments are shattered and cannot be separated from the gypsum.

The pieces of the gypsum board that has been crushed (having a particle size of 10 mm or less) smaller than the diameter of the hole H are formed in a U-shaped trough 23.
While falling from the hole H of a, the paper stuck to the gypsum board fragments is peeled off from the gypsum portion when rubbed, to secure a certain size (at least larger than the diameter of the hole H). And remains in the transport casing 23. In addition, by rotating the screw conveyors 32 and 33 in reverse at an appropriate ratio with respect to normal rotation, gypsum and paper can be more reliably separated.

The gypsum board fragments dropped from the hole H enter the casing of the screw conveyor 42, are sent upward by the operation of the screw conveyor 42, are discharged from the discharge port, pass through the discharge duct 44, and pass through the storage bag. Stored in The portion of the paper remaining in the transport casing 23 is sent upward by the operation of the screw conveyors 32 and 33, is discharged from the discharge port 27, and is stored in the storage bag through the discharge duct 40.

In the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained by arranging the transport casing 23 at an angle of about 45 °. (1) While the gypsum is heavy and tends to go down in the inclined transport casing 23, the paper is light and is easily transported upward in the inclined transport casing 23.
Gypsum and paper can be sorted by specific gravity. (2) Since the transport casing 23 is inclined, the fragments of the gypsum board are not easily formed at the tip (upper end) of the transport casing 23.
Since it is not possible to proceed to the side, the fragments of the gypsum board are subjected to the crushing operation for a longer time, so that the gypsum and the paper can be effectively sorted. (3) Since the conveyor casing 23 is inclined and the screw conveyors 42 are also inclined, and their outlets 27 are at their upper ends, the gypsum and paper of the material to be sorted fall from those upper ends. Then, it can be easily stored in a container such as a storage bag.

In the above embodiment, the case where the transfer casing 23 is inclined at 45 ° is described. However, the inclination angle of the transfer casing 23 does not need to be limited to 45 °. The angle may be any number, or the transfer casing 23 may be provided horizontally without being inclined.

Further, in the above embodiment, the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 for crushing the gypsum board has been described. Can also be used for crushing. About 30 to 30 pieces of such waste wood
A chip material having a size of about 50 mm square and a thickness of about 20 mm is put into the hopper 25 of the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20. Figure 12
As shown in FIG. 5, the fibers 64 of the tree are loosened, that is, twisted or bent to be soft, and at the same time, are cut short and fall through the holes H formed in the transport casing 23, so that the wood is kept constant. It can be made in the shape of a soft tatter (or denbu).

The chip material larger than the hole H which has not fallen from the hole H of the transport casing 23 is
In this way, the entire amount of wood chip material can be ragged. The tattered wood obtained in this way is suitable for laying on the floor of a livestock barn or the like for livestock to sleep on, and also can be used as an inexpensive fertilizer that is easily composted.

In addition, the tattered wood is conventionally made of tree bark or the like, and is very soft and is used as a material of an organic fertilizer. From wood chips such as waste materials, it is possible to make the same material as the conventional tatter-like material made from the bark of the above-mentioned tree, etc., thereby opening a new way for recycling construction waste materials such as houses.

[0038]

As described above, according to the present invention, the screw conveyor rotates with the fragments of the gypsum board sandwiched between the inner surface of the lower surface of the transfer casing and the outer surface of the pressing plate of the screw conveyor. By doing so, the gypsum can be crushed or crushed, and the paper can be separated into a gypsum part and a paper part while maintaining a certain size,
The gypsum board can be easily disposed of, and the gypsum board can be recycled.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 shown in FIG.

3 is a front view of the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the hopper 25 side.

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view showing the screw conveyors 32 and 33.

5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of the screw conveyors 32 and 33 in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of the screw conveyors 32 and 33 in FIG.

7 is a VII diagram of the screw conveyor 32 in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line VII.

FIG. 8 is a clamping plate portion 3 showing the ridge portion 36a in FIG. 7;
6 is a partially enlarged perspective view of FIG.

9 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a blade portion 30a and a notch 30b of the spiral plate portion 30 of the screw conveyor 32 in FIG.

FIG. 10 shows screw conveyors 32 and 33 in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the transport casing 23 and the screw conveyors 32 and 33 at a position V-V of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a gypsum board.

FIG. 12 is a transport casing 23 showing an embodiment in which the gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus 20 is applied to wood.
It is a top view of the state inside.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 20 crushing and sorting device for gypsum board 21 support frame 23 transfer casing 23a U-shaped trough 23b cover plate 25 hopper 27 discharge port 30,31 spiral plate portion 30a, 31a blade portion 30b, 31b notch 32,33 screw conveyor 34, 35 Shaft member 36 Nipping plate portion 36a Protrusions 40 Discharge duct 42 Screw conveyor 44 Discharge duct 60 Gypsum plate portion 62 Paper 64 Tattered wood H hole

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus for crushing a gypsum board on which paper is stuck on at least one of both front and back surfaces, and sorting it into gypsum shards and paper shards. A cylindrical transport casing having a supply port for gypsum board debris and having a discharge port for sorted objects at the other end, and two axes parallel to each other and housed in the transport casing so as to extend in the length direction. A belt having a plurality of holes for dropping debris on the lower surface of the transport casing, and having an irregular shape on the outer surface along the outer peripheral portion of the spiral plate portion of the screw conveyor. By providing a pinching plate portion, the screw conveyor rotates by holding a piece of gypsum board between the inner surface of the lower surface portion of the transport casing and the outer surface of the pressing plate portion of the screw conveyor. The gypsum board is crushed or crushed and separated into gypsum fragments and paper fragments, and the separated gypsum fragments fall from holes for dropping the fragments of the transport casing, and the separated paper. The crushed and sorted gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus, wherein the fragments of the gypsum board are conveyed upward in the conveying casing by the rotation of the screw conveyor and discharged from the discharge port of the object to be sorted. 2. The crushing and sorting of a gypsum board according to claim 1, wherein the transfer casing is provided so as to be inclined such that the supply port is disposed on a lower side and the discharge port is disposed on an upper side. apparatus. 3. A third screw conveyor is provided below the transfer casing, and the third screw conveyor rotates to transfer the gypsum fragments dropped from the hole for dropping fragments into the length of the transfer casing. 2. The gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gypsum board is discharged from an outlet after being conveyed upward along the vertical direction. 4. A lower end portion of the two screw conveyors is exposed from a supply port of a gypsum board fragment at a lower end portion of the transport casing, and a spiral plate portion of an exposed portion of the screw conveyor is spaced circumferentially. A plurality of circular saw blades and a plurality of notches are formed, and the plaster put in from the supply port by rotating the spiral upper portions of the two screw conveyors in a direction approaching each other. 2. The gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blades of the two screw conveyors bite the pieces of the board into each other and crush the pieces. 5. The apparatus for crushing and sorting gypsum boards according to claim 1, wherein the separated pieces of gypsum and paper are separated and stored in separate containers. 6. The method according to claim 6, wherein the screw conveyor is 5 r. p.
m. ~ 50r. p. m. The gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is rotated at a low speed. 7. The gypsum board crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the screw conveyor is reversely rotated at a proper ratio to the time and the number of times of the forward rotation of the screw conveyor.