JP2001092534A - Closed system facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To maintain a minute positive pressure by suppressing pressure variation at the time of exchanging air between two closed modules in a closed system experiment equipment for executing plant cultivation or animal breeding. SOLUTION: This closed system facility is provided with a valve 23 arranged on the downstream side from an air cleaner 2 in a circulation duct 3 of a closed module 1, a flow rate regulating valve 25 and a valve 24 in a connection duct 35 connected to the downstream side of a valve 28 arranged in a circulation duct 29 of a closed module 30, and a flow rate regulating valve 26 and a valve 27 respectively on the upstream side of the valve 28 and the downstream side of the valve 23. In the case of exchanging air between the closed modules 1, 30, the valves 23, 24 are closed, the valves 24, 27 are opened and valve opening degree controllers 45, 47 respectively control the opening degree of the valves 25, 26 in accordance with the positive/negative of a pressure difference value between the upstream side module and the downstream side module to automatically balance the pressure between the two modules.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a closed system facility for cultivating spots and breeding animals in a limited enclosed space in order to investigate the mechanism of material circulation on the earth. The present invention relates to a micro pressure control device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to investigate material circulation on the earth, there is a case where the earth environment is reproduced in a closed space where there is no material exchange with the outside, and plant cultivation and animal breeding are performed in this closed space. This enclosed space may be constituted by a glass surface for daylighting from outside. This closed space will hereinafter be referred to as a closed module.

The closed module minimizes the ingress and egress of air to and from the outside, and in particular, in a closed system experiment for material circulation, prevents foreign matter from entering from outside and damages the glass surface due to the differential pressure between the inside and outside of the closed space. In order to prevent this, the inside of the enclosed space must always be maintained at a slightly higher pressure than the outside air pressure. FIG. 2 shows a pressure control device that controls the pressure difference from the outside air pressure in a space closed to the outside air to a very small value of several mmAq and performs passive control.

[0004] An air buffer 4 formed of a bag-like elastic material such as rubber or the like can communicate with the closing module 1 through a duct 6. The positive pressure corresponding to the weight of the membrane material of the air buffer is constantly applied to the closing module 1. Due to the change in the volume of the air buffer due to the expansion and contraction of the film material of the air buffer 4 with the change in the outside air pressure, the air in the air buffer can enter and exit the closed module through the duct 6.
A positive pressure corresponding to the volume change due to the weight of the membrane material can always be generated against the outside air.

The air in the module 1 is cleaned at regular intervals by an air purifier 2 connected to the module 1 by a circulation duct 3. The air purifier 2 includes a blower, an air purifying filter, and the like, and is a device for discharging a small amount of toxins generated in the module.

Normally, the pressure in the module is maintained at a slight positive pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure by the air buffer 4.
However, when the atmospheric pressure changes greatly, such as when a large typhoon passes, the backup forced pressure control device operates to control the pressure in the module 1. The forced pressure control device comprises a compressor 8, an air tank 7 and a flow control valve 9. The duct 13 connects the compressor 6 and the duct 6 connected to the module 1 via the valve 11, and the compressor 8 and the air tank 7 are connected by the duct 14. The duct 15 is connected to the module 1 via the valve 12.
The flow control valve 9 and the air tank 7 are connected by a duct 16 which connects the flow control valve 9 and the duct 6.

[0007] The lines shown by broken lines in the figure are electric signal lines. A signal line 17 for transmitting a pressure value of the pressure gauge 5 attached near the air buffer 4, a signal line 18 for transmitting a switching signal of the compressor 8, a signal line 19 for transmitting an operation switching signal of the flow control valve 9, and a valve 11. The signal line 20 for transmitting the operating switching signal of the valve 12 as well as the signal line 21 of the valve 12 are collected on the control panel 10.

The valves 11 and 12 are normally closed. When the pressure of the pressure gauge 5 transmitted by the signal line 17 exceeds the set pressure value when the pressure of the module 1 increases beyond the absorption capacity of the air buffer 4, the signal is transmitted from the control panel 10 to the signal line 20. A signal for opening the valve 11 is sent, and a signal for starting the compressor 8 is sent from a signal line 18. The air in the module is sent to the air tank 7 by the operation of the compressor, and an increase in the pressure in the module is suppressed.

Conversely, when the pressure in the module decreases and the pressure value of the pressure gauge 5 transmitted by the signal line 17 falls below the set pressure value, the control panel 10 controls the valve 12 by the signal line 21. Send a signal to open, signal line 1
A signal for opening the flow control valve 9 is sent from 9. When the valve 11 and the flow control valve 9 are opened, the air from the air tank 7 is supplied to the module 1 to suppress a pressure drop in the module.

[0010]

The above-mentioned prior art closed modules are independent for each test object. For example, a module for testing a plant and a module for testing an animal are independent modules. However, in the case of a module for animals, depending on the test object, it may be difficult to secure a sufficient amount of oxygen to maintain ecological activities only by the amount of oxygen produced in a closed space in the animal module. In addition, when humans enter the module and conduct living experiments, air produced by plants is required to maintain stable ecological activities both mentally and physically in a closed space for a long time. There is also.

For this reason, it is necessary to exchange air between two independent modules of a plant type and an animal type. In this case, since the two modules are independent closed spaces and need to be set and operated under independent environmental conditions, the setting conditions of the temperature and pressure in the modules are different. It is a first aspect of the present invention to stably maintain the differential pressure between the module internal pressure and the atmospheric pressure when performing air exchange between two modules having different environmental conditions.
Is an issue.

On the other hand, there is a need for a closed experimental facility in which a module is enlarged. There are plans, for example for inland water modules, to increase the volume of individual modules, in which plants and animals live together. Also, 1
There is also a demand for a large size having a plurality of enclosed spaces in one module. When the air buffer shown in FIG. 2 is applied as the small positive pressure control device for such a large module, the volume of the air buffer must be increased in accordance with the increase in the module volume. Since the air buffer utilizes the contractility of rubber, a rectangular space is formed, and there is a limit in the size of a single buffer for exhibiting the buffer effect. For this reason, in order to apply the present invention to a large module, the number of air buffers to be installed must be increased.

As shown in FIG. 2, the minute positive pressure control device is provided with a mechanical portion for emergency use. When the pressure in the module exceeds a specified range, forced supply and exhaust are performed. There is also a concept that this forced pressure control device in an emergency is applied during normal use to reduce the load on the control amount in the air buffer. However, since the forced pressure control device is used for backup, it is shared by a plurality of modules. For this reason, it is not preferable to apply the forcible pressure control device to ordinary minute pressure control, since a problem occurs in that air between the modules is mixed. The same applies to the case where one module has a plurality of closed spaces, and the air in each closed space is mixed.
Further, since the forcible pressure control device is constituted by a mechanical portion, if these are used regularly, the amount of air leakage from valves, pipe joints, seal portions of the compressor and the like cannot be ignored.

As described above, there is a problem in applying the pressure control device of the emergency system to the change in the differential pressure of the large capacity module due to the temperature change or the like. Accordingly, it is a second object of the present invention to realize a normal system pressure control device with a mechanism having a small installation space.

The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is a closed system in which air is exchanged between different types of modules. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a closed system facility comprising a plurality of modules.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a normal pressure control device capable of reducing the installation space and a closed system to which the pressure control device is applied, in response to the need for increasing the size of the module.

[0017]

In order to solve the above-mentioned first problem, the present invention connects a circulation duct for air purification installed in each module via a flow control valve, and the flow control valve has A positive pressure control device is provided for adjusting the opening and exchanging air to adjust pressure fluctuation between modules.

As shown in FIG. 3, two modules 1, 30 managed by the air conditioner 2 under different temperature conditions
In, the valve 23 is installed on the downstream side of the air purifier 2 installed in the air purification circulation duct 3 of the module 1, and the valve 28 is similarly installed in the air purification circulation duct 29 of the module 30. A communication duct 3 provided with a valve 24 and a flow control valve 25 between the circulation ducts 3 and 29.
5 and a connection duct 36 provided with a valve 27 and a flow control valve 26. If the valves 23 and 28 are opened and the valves 24 and 27 are closed, the module 1 and the module 30 can be operated as independent modules. When air exchange between the two modules becomes necessary, valves 23 and 28 are closed, and valves 24 and 27 are closed.
By opening the flow control valves 25 and 26, the air in both modules can be exchanged. The exchanged air has been cleaned of toxins by the air purifier 2 and can exchange clean air with each other.

According to another configuration of the present invention that solves the first problem, in order to adjust the pressure fluctuation of the two modules during air exchange, the pressure difference between the two modules is controlled by the pressure difference between the two modules.
An adjustment buffer for adjusting a differential pressure between modules is provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned second problem, the present invention provides an air tank having a variable capacity for maintaining a small positive pressure of a large module.
The internal pressure of the module can be adjusted by changing the tank volume so that the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the module and the normal pressure fluctuation range up to about hPa falls within about 20 Pa.

In the air tank, an airtight space is created by sealing a container 128 having an open end with a liquid on an open surface as shown in FIG. 14, and the container is suspended by a counterweight 130 via a pulley or the like. Here, the weight of the counterweight is made slightly lighter than the weight of the container. For example, when the pressure in the container is increased by several mmAq with respect to the atmosphere, the vertical pressure acting on the container 128 due to this differential pressure. Reduce the weight by the amount suspended by the force. Thereby, the container 1
Numeral 28 can maintain a positive pressure of several mmAq with respect to the atmosphere similarly to the air buffer.

The container is actively moved up and down by electric drive or the like at regular intervals according to changes in atmospheric pressure. A change in atmospheric pressure during active control and a change in pressure due to a change in temperature due to an air conditioner in the module are adjusted by an air buffer similar to the conventional one. In other words, relatively slow changes such as atmospheric pressure fluctuations are followed by the above-mentioned active driving of the container, and passive driving by an air buffer is used for short-term pressure fluctuations due to temperature fluctuations caused by the air conditioner in the module. Thus, a hybrid type pressure control device that can be followed can be realized.

As a result, there is an effect that the small positive pressure control of the large module requires less installation space than the case where only the air buffer is installed, and can be realized without using an emergency forced pressure control device. Needless to say, higher speed and more stable control can be achieved by using the positive pressure control device of the present invention.

[0024]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a closed system facility having a plurality of modules and a pressure control system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention. Module 1 is connected to air buffer 4 via pipe 6
It is connected to the. The circulation duct 3 connects the module 1 and the air purifier 2, exits the module 1, passes through the air purifier 2 and returns to the module 1 again. The air to the air cleaner 2 is blown through the circulation duct 3 in the direction of arrow 140, and the circulation duct 3 is provided with a valve 23 downstream of the air cleaner 2. Another module 30 independent of the module 1 has the same configuration as the module 1. That is, it is connected to the air buffer 34 via the pipe 33, and the circulation duct 29 connects the module 30 and the air cleaner 2, exits from the module 30, passes through the air cleaner 2, and returns to the module 30 again. A valve 28 is provided in a circulation duct 29 downstream of the air purifier 2. Note that the emergency (emergency) forced pressure control device including the compressor, the air tank, and the pressure reducing valve illustrated in FIG. 2 is omitted.

In order to enable air exchange between the modules, an air purifier 2 installed in the circulation duct 3
Downstream of the valve 23 and the position of the circulation duct 2
The position downstream of the valve 28 is connected to the valve 24 via a communication duct 35 via a flow control valve 25. Similarly, the position of the circulation duct 29 on the downstream side of the air purifier 2 on the upstream side of the valve 28 and the position of the circulation duct 3 on the downstream side of the valve 23 are connected to the communication duct 36 via the valve 27 and the flow control valve 26. It is connected. The degree of opening of the flow control valves 25 and 26 depends on the pressure difference between the pressure gauges 37 and 38 in the vicinity of the air buffers 4 and 34, respectively.
Is controlled by

Next, the operation and operation of the closed experimental facility will be described. When module 1 and module 30 are operated independently, valves 24 and 27 are closed and valve 2 is closed.
3 and the valve 28 are opened. Module 1 is provided by air buffer 4 and module 30 is provided by air buffer 34.
, A positive pressure of several mmAq with respect to the atmospheric pressure is maintained. In addition, each circulation duct for air cleaning is independent,
Each of the two modules is a single experimental facility having the same function as the closed system experimental facility shown in FIG.

On the other hand, when performing air exchange between the module 1 and the module 30, the valves 24 and 27 are opened, the valves 23 and 28 are closed, and the flow regulating valves 25 and 26 are operated. The air in the module 1 is cleaned by the air purifier 2 through the circulation duct 3, sent to the circulation duct 29 through the valve 24 and the flow control valve 25, and supplied to the module 30. Further, the air in the module 30 is purified by the air purifier 2 through the circulation duct 29, sent to the circulation duct 3 through the flow control valve 26 and the valve 27, and supplied to the module 1.

Pressure gauges 37 and 38 are installed in the vicinity of the air buffers 4 and 34 of each module, and the measured values of the pressure gauges 37 are sent to valve opening control devices 45 and 47 via signal lines 46 and 48, respectively. Sent. The value measured by the pressure gauge 38 is transmitted to the valve opening control devices 45 and 47 via signal lines 111 and 112.

Control of the valve opening of the flow control valves 25 and 26 is as follows.
The control is performed in accordance with the pressure difference between the pressure of the air buffer (near) located in the module located upstream of each valve and the pressure of the air buffer (near) located in the module located downstream. That is, when the pressure of the module located on the upstream side is high, the opening degree of the valve is increased to increase the flow rate, and in the opposite case, the opening degree of the valve is reduced to decrease the flow rate.

For example, when the pressure of the module 1 is lower than the pressure of the module 30, the following operation is performed. The upstream side of the flow control valve 25 is the module 1, and the pressure is lower than that of the module 30 located on the downstream side. Therefore, the valve opening control device 45 receives the signals from the pressure gauges 37 and 38 and opens the control valve 25. Is controlled to close. Conversely, since the upstream side of the flow control valve 26 is the module 30, the pressure is higher than that of the module 1 located on the downstream side. Therefore, the valve opening control device 47 receives the signals from the pressure gauges 37 and 38, Control is performed to open the opening of the valve 26. By this adjustment, the oversupply state of the air to the module 30 is suppressed, and the increase in the pressure difference generated between the two modules can be suppressed.

The reason why the pressures of the module 1 and the module 30 are measured in the vicinity of the air buffers 4 and 34 in the above configuration will be described. FIG. 4 is a graph showing a differential pressure fluctuation between the atmospheric pressure and each of the module internal pressure and the air buffer internal pressure when the temperature is controlled by the air conditioner. The measurement conditions were set temperature 29 for temperature control by the air conditioner.
This is a case where a temperature fluctuation of about 0.2 ° is repeated at intervals of about 7 minutes for 2K.

The fluctuation of the differential pressure of the module fluctuates very little due to human activities in the module and minute temperature disturbances caused by heat transfer from the periphery of the module into the module. On the other hand, the differential pressure fluctuation of the air buffer indicates a differential pressure fluctuation caused by a temperature fluctuation of the air conditioner, since a small fluctuation as seen in the pressure fluctuation in the module is removed from the pressure adjustment effect of the air buffer. By extracting the pressure from the air buffer, it is possible to sense the average pressure fluctuation in the module from which high-frequency pressure fluctuation due to the influence of temperature disturbance has been removed. For this reason, the pressure measurement value on the air buffer side is used for adjusting the flow control valve.

According to the present embodiment, the two modules having the independent minute positive pressure control device are used to exchange the air after being cleaned by the air purifier with each other. There is an effect that an automatic adjustment function of the differential pressure between the two can be obtained.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a multiple module pressure control system according to another embodiment. The difference from the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is that an inter-module pressure regulator 160 is provided. The inter-module pressure regulator 160 is configured such that a regulation buffer 41 formed in a bag shape with an elastic material such as rubber similar to the air buffer 4 is installed in the airtight container 40. The space in the airtight container 40 is connected to the module 30 via the pipe 50 to which the valve 92 is attached, and the adjustment buffer 4
1 is a pipe 49 to which a valve 66 is attached.
Is connected to the module 1 via the.

Here, the influence of the flow rate imbalance when performing air exchange will be described. Since the fluid resistance of the circulation duct is different between the two modules, and the clogging state of the filter of the air purifier is also different, a difference occurs in the amount of air blow even if the blower has the same capacity.

FIG. 6 shows the pressure change due to the imbalance of the air exchange flow rate between the modules. When circulating air to the air purifier at a flow rate of 20 m ³ / min between a module having a capacity of 900 m ^{3 and} a module having a capacity of 300 m ³ , a flow imbalance of 10% occurs in the replacement air flow. It shows an internal pressure change.

It can be seen that when an imbalance occurs in the flow rate, the change in pressure of the two modules is affected more than the sudden change in pressure. Start module pressure 1013
Assuming hPa, the pressure in the module is reduced to 960 hPa in about 8 minutes on the side where the air supply is insufficient, and the pressure in the module is 103 in about 8 minutes on the side where the air supply is excessive.
It rises to 0 hPa. These pressure values correspond to pressure changes assuming the passage of a large typhoon. For this reason, the flow control by the flow control valves 25 and 26 must be performed in a short time.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, stable pressure control can be performed in both modules even when the exchange air amount becomes imbalanced. When the air after air cleaning is exchanged between the module 1 and the module 30, if there is a difference in the flow rate between the flow control valves 25 and 26, for example, the flow passing through the flow control valve 25 passes through the flow control valve 26. If the flow rate is higher than the flow rate, the module 30 side is in an oversupply state of the air and becomes higher than the pressure in the module 1. This module 3
The pressure in 0 is guided to the airtight container 40 through the pipe 50. Further, since the pressure in the adjustment buffer 41 is equivalent to that of the module 1, it is lower than the pressure in the airtight container 40. For this reason, the adjustment buffer 41 is pressed by the pressure in the airtight container 40 and contracts to reduce the volume.

This reduction in volume alleviates a sudden drop in pressure caused by a flow imbalance in the module 1. During this time, if the pressure of the module located upstream of each of the two flow control valves installed in the air purifier line is higher than the pressure of the module located downstream thereof, the valve opening degree Is increased to increase the flow rate, and in the opposite case, the opening degree of the valve is reduced to decrease the flow rate.

According to the present embodiment, when the air after cleaning is exchanged between the two modules provided with the independent minute positive pressure control device by the air purifier, the two modules caused by imbalance of the exchange flow rate are generated. Is reduced by the inter-module pressure regulator 160, during which
Since the pressure between the modules can be automatically balanced, there is an effect that air exchange between the two modules can be performed stably.

FIG. 7 shows a pressure control system according to another embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 5 is that the pressure signal sent to the valve opening control devices 45 and 47 uses the differential pressure signal between the airtight container 40 of the interjoule differential pressure regulator 160 and the adjustment buffer 41. .

A pipe 44 connected to the airtight container 40 and a pipe 43 connected to the adjustment buffer 41 are led to a differential pressure gauge 42.
This differential pressure value is sent to a flow control valve control device 45 for controlling the valve opening of the flow control valve 25 via a signal line 46 shown by a broken line. Similarly, the differential pressure value of the differential pressure gauge 42 is sent to a flow control valve control device 47 that controls the valve opening of the flow control valve 26 via a signal line 48 indicated by a broken line.

According to the present embodiment, the opening of the flow control valve is adjusted by a signal from a dedicated pressure gauge provided in the inter-module differential pressure regulator. The operation of the flow control valves 25 and 26 in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is performed by the differential pressure of the pressure signals of the pressure gauges 37 and 38 in the vicinity of the air buffer 4, and this pressure signal is transmitted to the emergency It is also used for differential pressure monitoring for system operation. Therefore, when air is exchanged between the two modules, the pressure signal is used for monitoring the differential pressure of the modules and controlling the flow rate control valve, and there is a possibility that electric signal noise may be mixed. In contrast, FIG.
In this embodiment, since the differential pressure of the dedicated signal line 46 is used for controlling the flow regulating valve, malfunctions due to noise and the like can be prevented, and the number of signal lines can be reduced.

Next, as a modified example of the configuration of each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 5 and 7, a pressure control system of a closed facility in which each module includes a plurality of divided modules will be described. FIG. 8 is a modified example of FIG. 1 and each module includes a plurality of divided modules. In other words, two emergency equipment of the pressure control system, namely, a compressor, an air tank, a pressure reducing valve (none of which are shown), and two independent modules (closed laboratory equipment) sharing an air purifier with a plurality of divided modules. Yes, the air after air cleaning is exchanged between these two facilities. An air buffer is provided for each divided module.
Hereinafter, in order to avoid confusion, an independent module is referred to as a closed experimental facility, and a divided module is simply referred to as a module.

The module 1 and the module 52 in one closed experimental facility share the air purifier 2 connected to the circulation duct 3. From the module 1, a pipe 57 is connected to the circulation duct 3 on the upstream side of the air cleaner 2 via a valve 59, and a pipe 58 is connected to the circulation duct 3 on the downstream side of the air cleaner via a valve 60. ing. The air buffer 4 and the pressure gauge 37 are connected to the module 1 via the pipe 6, and the measured value of the pressure gauge 37 is temporarily taken into the control panel 10 via the signal line 121.

Similarly, for the module 52, the piping 6
1 is connected via a valve 63 to the circulation duct 3 on the upstream side of the air purifier 2, and a pipe 62 is connected via a valve 64 to the circulation duct 3 on the downstream side of the air purifier. Further, the air buffer 4 and the pressure gauge 37 are connected from the module 52 via a pipe 120, and the measured value of the pressure gauge 37 is taken into the control panel 10 via a signal line 122.

The valves 59 and 60 attached to the piping connected to the module 1 are connected to the control panel 10 by signal lines 72 and 73, respectively, and the opening and closing of the valves are operated by commands from the control panel 10. Similarly, valves 63 and 64 attached to pipes connected to the module 52 are also connected to the control panel 10 by signal lines 71 and 74, respectively, and the opening and closing of the valves are operated by commands from the control panel 10.

In the other closed experimental facility located on the left side of FIG. 8, the modules 30, 53, 5
4 and the module 55 share the air purifier 2 connected to the circulation duct 29. From the module 30, a pipe 76 is connected to a circulation duct 29 on the upstream side of the air cleaner 2 via a valve 78, and a pipe 75 is connected to a circulation duct 29 on the downstream side of the air cleaner via a valve 77. ing. In the module 53, the pipe 80 is connected to the circulation duct 29 on the upstream side of the air purifier via the valve 82, and the pipe 79 is connected to the circulation duct 29 on the downstream side of the air purifier via the valve 81. . In the module 54, a pipe 84 is connected to the circulation duct 29 on the upstream side of the air cleaner via a valve 86, and a pipe 83 is connected to the valve 8.
5 is connected to a circulation duct 29 downstream of the air purifier. In the module 55, the pipe 88 is connected to the valve 90.
Is connected to a circulation duct 29 on the upstream side of the air purifier, and a pipe 87 is connected to a circulation duct 29 on the downstream side of the air purifier via a valve 89.

The module 30 is connected to an air buffer 34 and a pressure gauge 38 through a pipe 33,
The measurement value of 8 is once taken into the control panel 56 via the signal line 99. Similarly, modules 53, 54, and 5
5 is also connected to the respective air buffers 34 and pressure gauges 38, and the measured values are taken into the control panel 56.

The valves 77 and 78 attached to the pipes connected to the module 30 have signal lines 106 and 1 respectively.
07 is connected to the control panel 56, and the opening and closing of the valve is operated by a command from the control panel 56. Similarly, the valve 8 attached to the pipe connected to the module 53
1, 82, valves 85 and 86 attached to the piping connected to the module 54, and valves 89 and 90 attached to the piping connected to the module 55 are also operated by commands from the control panel 56 to open and close the valves. You.

The circulation ducts 3 and 29 of the two closed experimental facilities
, The communication ducts 35 and 36 connecting the two circulation ducts, the valves 24 and 27, the flow control valves 25 and 26, and the opening control devices 45 and 4
7 is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. The valve opening control device 45 inputs the pressure between the modules performing the air exchange via the signal line 46 from the control panel 10 and the signal line 111 from the control panel 56. Similarly, the valve opening control device 47 inputs the pressure between the modules performing the air exchange from the control panels 10 and 56 via the signal lines 48 and 112.

When air is not exchanged by the two closed facilities shown in FIG. 8, the valves 23 and 28 attached to the air circulation ducts 3 and 29 are opened to open the communication duct 3
5. Close valves 24 and 27 attached to 36. The two closed facilities are operated independently of each other, and each module is controlled by the respective air buffer for minute suppression. Further, since each closing facility is composed of a plurality of modules, air cleaning by the air purifier 2 is performed by switching at regular intervals. For example, Module 1 on the right
When the air in the module 1 is cleaned, the valves 63 and 64 are closed and the valves 59 and 60 are opened. After a certain time, valves 59 and 60 are closed from the control panel via signal lines 72 and 73, and valves 63 and 64 are opened by signal lines 71 and 74. Thus, the air in the module 52 is cleaned. The air purifier is operated continuously, and performs air cleaning of each module in order by switching the opening and closing of a valve.

The same applies to the closing equipment on the left side of FIG.
First, the valves 77 and 78 are opened, and the other valves 81 and 8 are opened.
2, 85, 86, 89 and 90 are all closed, and after a certain time, the valves 78 and 77 are closed by the signal lines 107 and 106 and the valves 82 and 81 are opened by the signal lines 108 and 105 according to a command from the control panel. . The same operation is performed on the modules 54 and 55. In the two independent closing devices, air purification by the air purifier 2 is performed in each module at regular intervals.

Next, when the air after air cleaning is exchanged by these two closed facilities, the air cleaning circulation ducts 3 and 2 are used.
The valves 23 and 28 attached to 9 are closed, and the valves 24 and 27 of the communication ducts 35 and 36 are opened. The flow control valves 25 and 26 operate the same as in the embodiment shown in FIG. The valve opening control devices 45 and 47 output the pressures of the two modules that exchange air from the control panels 10 and 56, and control the opening of the flow control valves 25 and 26 according to the pressure difference. In other words, the flow control valve 25 is connected to the modules 30 and 5 where the pressure of the module 1 or 52 located on the upstream side is
When the pressure is higher than 3, 54 or 55, the valve opening is increased, and when it is lower, the valve opening is reduced. The same applies to the flow control valve 26, except that the upstream and downstream sides are reversed.

According to this embodiment, when air is exchanged between two closed facilities each having a plurality of modules, the pressure signal of the module to be exchanged is selected, and the air to be exchanged is selected according to the differential pressure. Since the flow rate at the inlet and the outlet at the flow rate is controlled, pressure fluctuations due to the flow rate imbalance can be absorbed, and there is an effect that the air exchange between the closed facilities including a plurality of modules can be performed stably and automatically.

FIG. 9 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 5, and shows a pressure control system between a plurality of modules of a closed facility. The main difference from the embodiment of FIG. 8 is that an inter-module pressure regulator 160 is provided. The configuration and operation of the inter-module pressure regulator 160 are the same as in the embodiment of FIG.

On the other hand, the module 1 of the closed system equipment is connected to the adjustment buffer 4 by a pipe 65 and a pipe 49 via a valve 66.
1 is connected. The valve 66 is connected to the control panel 10 by a signal line 70, and the opening and closing of the valve 66 is operated by a command from the control panel 10. The module 52 is connected to the adjustment buffer 4 by a pipe 67 and a pipe 49 via a valve 68.
1 is connected. The valve 68 is connected to the control panel 10 by a signal line 69. The module 30 of the other closed system is connected to a pipe 91 and a pipe 5 via a valve 92.
0 is connected to the airtight container 40. The valve 92 is connected to the control panel 56 by a signal line 102, and the opening and closing of the valve 92 is operated by a command from the control panel 56. Modules 53, 54 and 55 also have valves 94, 9 respectively.
The valves are connected to the airtight container 40 through 6 and 98, and the valves are connected to the control panel 56 by signal lines.

When the air after air cleaning is exchanged by these two closing facilities, the valves 23 and 28 attached to the air cleaning circulation duct are closed, and the valve 24 of the communication duct is closed.
And open 27. When the valves 59 and 60 connecting the module 1 and the circulation duct are open, the valve 66 communicating with the adjustment buffer 41 is opened by a signal line 70 in accordance with a command from the control panel 10, and the valve 66 is closed when the valves 59 and 60 are closed. Can be Signal line 1 when valve 66 is open
A signal sent from 21 is transmitted to valve opening control devices 45 and 47 for adjusting the opening of the flow control valve via the control panel 10.

Another valve 68 leading to the adjusting buffer 41 is a valve 6 connecting the module 52 and the circulation duct.
When 3 and 64 are open, signal line 6
Opened by 9 and valve 68 is also closed when valves 63 and 64 are closed. When the valve 68 is open, a signal sent from the signal line 122 is transmitted to the valve opening control devices 45 and 4 for adjusting the opening of the flow control valve via the control panel 10.
7 is transmitted. Similarly, the modules 30, 53, 54, and 55 of the other closed system equipment also operate the valves that communicate with the airtight container 40 in response to a command from the control panel 56 when the valves that communicate with the circulation duct of each module are open. Open.

As a result, a sudden pressure change due to imbalance such as a flow rate between the modules performing the air exchange is absorbed by the inter-module pressure regulator 160, and during this time, the minute pressure suppression similar to FIG. Control is performed. That is, the flow regulating valve 25 increases the valve opening when the pressure of the module 1 or 52 located on the upstream side is higher than the pressure of the module 30, 53, 54 or 55 located on the downstream side, and increases the valve opening degree when the pressure is low. Reduces the valve opening.
The same applies to the flow control valve 26. According to this embodiment, there is an effect that the air exchange between the closed facilities including a plurality of modules can be performed stably and automatically.

FIG. 10 is a modification of FIG. 7, and shows a pressure control system between a plurality of modules of a closed facility. The difference from the embodiment of FIG.
The flow control valves 25 and 26 are controlled by the measured values of the differential pressure gauge 42 provided between the airtight container 40 and the adjustment buffer 41 of FIG. According to the present embodiment, the differential pressure between the modules for performing air exchange and the buffer connecting the airtight container 40 or the adjustment buffer 41 can be obtained only by controlling the opening of the buffer. The control operation of the control panels 10 and 56 can be simplified.

Here, an embodiment of the inter-module differential pressure regulator 160 provided in the pressure control system of FIGS. 5, 7, 9 and 9 will be described. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of the inter-module differential pressure regulator. Differential pressure regulator between modules 16
Numeral 0 is composed of two sealed spaces separated by a bellows-shaped elastic diaphragm 123. One of the closing facilities or the airtight container side connected to the module is connected to the adjustment buffer 41 by a pipe 49, and the other is closed by a pipe 50. Alternatively, the airtight container side connected to the module is the airtight container 40 described above. The diaphragm 123 can be contracted or expanded by the difference between the pressure guided through the pipe 49 and the pressure guided through the pipe 50 to the airtight container.

According to the present embodiment, when a difference occurs in the pressure guided through the pipe 49 and the pipe 50, the bellows-shaped diaphragm 123 absorbs the differential pressure by contraction or expansion deformation of the diaphragm 123. In other words, the pressure difference between the two independent closing devices or the closing modules connected to the differential pressure regulator 160 can be made small. When air is exchanged between the two closing devices or the closing modules, stable pressure control is achieved. The effect is that it can be implemented.

FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of the inter-module differential pressure regulator. The adjustment buffer 41 installed in the airtight container 40 is formed in a bag shape with a shrinkable material such as rubber. The inside of the adjustment buffer 41 is connected to one of the closing facilities or the closing module by a pipe 49. In addition, the airtight container 40
The inside is connected to the other closing facility or closing module by a pipe 50.

The adjustment buffer 41 has a ceiling 141, a floor, and an airtight container surface in the gravitational direction, which are airtightly attached by a fixture 141, and the pressure of the airtight container 40 is applied on the buffer surface in the gravitational direction, the ceiling and the floor. It is inaccessible. The buffer surface perpendicular to the direction of gravity is
, The rubber surface bends in the direction of gravitational force, thereby preventing an increase in pressure due to pressurization of the adjustment buffer 41 by the weight of the rubber. For this reason, the adjustment buffer 41 can be contracted or expanded by the difference between the pressure guided into the adjustment buffer 41 through the pipe 49 and the pressure guided through the pipe 50 to the airtight container 40.

According to the present embodiment, the effect of the pressure generated by the weight of
1 has an effect that a large amount of volume change can be obtained by the expansion and contraction of the adjustment buffer 41 in the horizontal direction. When a difference occurs between the pressures guided through the pipes 50 and 49, the adjustment buffer 41 contracts. Alternatively, the pressure difference between the closing device or the closing module connected to the airtight container 40 and the closing device or the closing module connected to the adjustment buffer 41 can be reduced by the expansion deformation,
When air is exchanged between these two closed facilities or closed modules, there is an effect that stable pressure control can be performed.

FIG. 13 shows an inter-module differential pressure regulator 160.
Is shown as still another embodiment. An adjustment buffer 41 is provided in the airtight container 40. Similarly, an adjustment buffer 145 is provided in the airtight container 144. Adjustment buffer 4
1, 145 is formed in a bag shape with a shrinkage material such as rubber,
The airtight containers 40 and 144 are installed on the floor. The pipe 142 connects the inside of the airtight container 144 and the airtight container 40.
The adjustment buffer 41 installed inside is connected. Similarly, the pipe 143 connects the airtight container 40 and the adjustment buffer 145. Further, the airtight container 40 is connected to one of the closing facilities or a closing module (not shown) by a pipe 49. The other hermetic container 144 is connected to the other closing facility or closing module (not shown) by a pipe 50.

For this reason, the adjustment buffer 41 is
Through the pipe 49 and the airtight container 4
Depending on the pressure difference introduced into zero, contraction or expansion deformation is possible. Similarly, the adjustment buffer 145 can be connected to the pressure guided through the pipe 49 and the airtight container 144 through the pipe 50.
It can contract or expand due to the pressure difference introduced into it. The deformation of the adjustment buffer in the airtight container simultaneously changes the volume of the adjustment buffer other than the adjustment buffer in the airtight container.
It is possible to regulate the pressure of the two closure modules or facilities connected to 9 and the pipe 50.

Here, the adjustment buffers 41 and 145 are installed in a floor-standing type, and the weight of rubber acts thereon. By adopting the above piping configuration, the weight of rubber acts equally on the two modules. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pressure difference between the modules from being caused by the weight of the adjustment buffer rubber.
According to the present embodiment, since the rubber buffer can be used as a floor-standing type, the installation of the adjustment buffer can be facilitated, and the influence of the pressurization of the adjustment buffer between the two modules due to the weight of the rubber can be offset, and the difference between the two modules can be reduced. There is an effect that a pressure state can be realized.

Next, a description will be given of an embodiment of a normal system pressure control system capable of suppressing an increase in the number of air buffers to be installed in accordance with the second problem, that is, an increase in the size of a closing facility or a closing module.

FIG. 14 shows the configuration of a pressure control system for a closed system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is an experimental module in which the volume of the module 1 is relatively large and plants, animals and humans live together in the module 1, and an active positive pressure regulator 139 is newly provided.

Normal pressure adjustment in the module of this embodiment is performed by both the active positive pressure regulator 139 and the passive pressure adjustment function of the air buffer 4. The module 1 is provided with a component equivalent to the conventional pressure control device shown in FIG. In other words, as the normal minute pressure control device, there is an air buffer 4 and a backup (emergency) forced pressure control device for a large pressure change such as when a large typhoon passes.

The emergency system is a compressor 8 and an air tank 7
And a flow control valve 9 and a control panel 10 for controlling the same. The duct 13 connects the compressor 6 and the duct 6 connected to the module 1 via the valve 11, and the compressor 8 and the air tank 7 are connected by the duct 14. The duct 15 is connected to the module 1 via the valve 12.
The flow control valve 9 and the air tank 7 are connected by a duct 16 which connects the flow control valve 9 and the duct 6.
The control panel 10 controls the activation of the compressor 8 and the opening / closing of the flow control valve 9 based on the pressure of the air buffer 4 from the pressure gauge 5.

Next, the configuration of the active positive pressure regulator 139 provided for normal pressure regulation in the module will be described. The inner container 128 is inserted into a space surrounded by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the double cylindrical outer container 155. The space surrounded by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the double cylindrical outer container 155 is filled with a liquid 156 such as water or silicone oil.
The inner container 128 can move up and down along the space in which the liquid 156 of the double cylindrical outer container 155 is filled. Inner container 12
8 and the space surrounded by the double cylindrical outer container 155
To form an airtight container. The inner container 128 is suspended by a counterweight 130 via a pulley 132 by a wire 131. Inner container 1
The up and down movement of the gear 28 is performed by the transmission 146 connected to the pulley 132.
Is performed. The electric device 146 is provided with a mount 149.
It is installed above.

A differential pressure gauge 147 for measuring the atmospheric pressure and the differential pressure in the closed space 1 and transmitting the signal to the transmission 146 through a signal line 148 is provided. The inner container 128 can be moved up and down by the transmission 146, and the electric device 1
When 46 is driven, its volume changes. Due to the volume change due to the vertical movement of the inner container 128 which is an airtight container, the piping 1
The internal pressure of the closure module 1 connected through 34 can be controlled.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method of controlling the pressure in the closed space by operating the active positive pressure regulator. In the figure, a line segment 152 shows a pressure change when a small constant positive pressure is applied to the atmospheric pressure along with the change in the atmospheric pressure. During the time t from the point A, the electric device 132 is not driven, the volume of the inner container 128 and the closing equipment 1 connected to the inner container 128 is constant, and the internal pressure is constant.

When the pressure line 152 to which the atmospheric pressure and the constant minute positive pressure are applied changes to the point b after the elapse of the time T, the electric device 13
2 is driven, that is, the wire 131 is wound so as to lift the counterweight 130, and the inner container 128 is lowered in the direction of gravity. As a result, the volume of the inner container 128 is reduced, and the total volume of the closed equipment 1 and the inner container 128 is reduced, so that the internal pressure in the closed equipment 1 is increased.
The pressure change caused by the volume change of the airtight container at this time is indicated by a thick line segment 153 in FIG.

If the line segment 152 changes to the point c due to the atmospheric pressure fluctuation after the elapse of the time t, the electric device 132
To raise the inner container 128 to increase its volume and reduce the pressure in the closing equipment 1. Hereinafter, the same operation is performed every t time in accordance with the pressure signal from the differential pressure gauge 147.

Since the volume adjustment of the inner container 128 is performed by driving the electric device 132 at every t time, the active positive pressure regulator 139 does not operate during the t time. The pressure fluctuation during this time is absorbed by the air buffer 4, but the pressure change within the time t is significantly smaller than the entire pressure change. Therefore, by combining the active positive pressure regulator 139 and the air buffer 4, the load on the air buffer 4 can be reduced, and an extremely wide pressure change range can be covered.

In this embodiment, the vertical movement of the inner container 128 is determined by the signal from the differential pressure gauge 147. However, the inner container 1 is returned so that the volume of the air buffer 4 at time t is returned to the reference volume.
The moving amount of the up and down movement of 28 may be determined. According to this embodiment, there is an effect that the number of air buffers to be installed can be reduced and a small positive pressure control of a large capacity module can be performed.

FIG. 16 shows an example in which the embodiment of the enlargement of FIG. 14 is applied to the closed facility of FIG. 8 having a plurality of modules for performing air exchange. An active positive pressure regulator 139 is installed in each module. FIG. 16 shows a configuration equivalent to that of FIG. 8 with the pressure control system of FIG. Although omitted in the present embodiment for simplicity of description, the closing facility on the left side may be composed of a plurality of modules.

According to the present embodiment, normal pressure regulation in the module is performed by both the periodic control by the active positive pressure regulator 139 and the passive pressure regulation function by the air buffer 4 therebetween. Further, the suppression of the pressure fluctuation during the air exchange between the modules is achieved by the flow control valve 25,
The control is performed by the opening degree control 26. At this time, by interlocking with the active positive pressure regulator 139, the volume fluctuation of the inner container 128 can be used as a buffer against the imbalance of the air flow at the time of replacement, so that the pressure fluctuation can be absorbed, so that the minute positive pressure control can be performed quickly. There is an effect. In addition, the number of air buffers to be installed can be reduced for a closed system having a plurality of large-capacity modules.

FIG. 17 is an example in which the embodiment of the enlargement of FIG. 14 is applied to the system of FIG. FIG. 18 shows FIG.
14 is an example in which the embodiment of the enlargement of FIG. 14 is applied to the system of FIG. In each case, except that an inter-module differential pressure regulator 160 is installed and the differential pressure is used for controlling the valve opening, FIG.
The configuration and operation are equivalent to those of FIG.

FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the active positive pressure regulator 139. This embodiment utilizes a water storage tank installed in a closed facility. Water 133 is stored in the water storage tank 127. This water is module 1
It is used to generate environmental conditions such as precipitation within the building.

A cylindrical container 128 inserted into the water storage tank 127 and having an open end is connected to a pulley 132 by a wire 131.
The container 128 is suspended by a counterweight 130, and the container 128 is moved up and down by a transmission 14 connected to a pulley 132.
6. The electric device 146 is installed on a gantry 149. Further, a differential pressure gauge 147 for measuring the atmospheric pressure and the differential pressure in the enclosed space and transmitting the signal to the transmission 146 through a signal line 148 is provided. The airtight container formed by the inner container 128 can be moved up and down by the transmission 146, and the volume changes only when the electric device 146 is driven, and controls the internal pressure of the closed equipment (not shown) connected to the airtight container and the pipe 134. it can.

According to this embodiment, the number of air buffers to be installed can be reduced, and a small positive pressure control of a large capacity module can be performed. Furthermore, since an active positive pressure regulator is usually configured using a water storage tank permanently installed in a closed facility, there is an effect that the installation area and cost can be reduced.

FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the active positive pressure regulator 139. The configuration is the same as that of the active positive pressure regulator 139 shown in FIG.
It is incorporated inside 50 and can move up and down along the inner surface of outer container 150. In addition, the sealing material 1 is provided on the outer surface of the inner container 128.
The seal member 152 is attached to the inner surface of the outer container 150 of the outer container 51, and the airtightness of the region surrounded by the container 128 and the container 150 is ensured. According to the present embodiment, similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 14, there is an effect that the number of air buffers to be installed can be reduced and a small positive pressure control of a large capacity module can be performed.

FIG. 21 shows still another embodiment of the active positive pressure regulator 139. The illustrated embodiment is the same as the active positive pressure regulator 139 shown in FIG. 14 except for the method of moving the inner container 128 up and down.

The vertical movement of the inner container 128 is performed by a hydraulic drive device 157 installed in a space surrounded by the inner container 128 and the double cylindrical outer container 155. This hydraulic drive device has a differential pressure gauge 147 similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG.
Driven by a signal from According to the present embodiment, as in the embodiment of FIG. 14, the number of air buffers to be installed can be reduced, and a small positive pressure control of a large capacity module can be performed.

[0091]

According to the present invention, when the air after cleaning is exchanged between the two closed modules by the air purifier, the change in the differential pressure between the two modules caused by the imbalance of the exchange flow rate is reduced. Since the pressure between the modules can be automatically balanced, there is an effect that air exchange between the two modules can be performed stably.

According to the present invention, for a large scale closed module, an active positive pressure mechanism that operates periodically to periodically adjust the volume of the hermetic zone leading to the closed module to atmospheric pressure and the differential pressure of the closed module; Since the air buffer is adjusted in a passive manner, the number of air buffers to be installed can be reduced, and a small positive pressure control of a large-capacity module can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a pressure control system between closed modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional minute positive pressure control device (air buffer) of a conventional closed system facility and an emergency forced pressure control device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a basic configuration of a pressure control system (positive pressure control device) between closing modules according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in pressure between a closed module and an air buffer when there is a minute temperature change in the module.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of a pressure control system between closed modules according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in module internal pressure due to imbalance during air exchange.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the pressure control system between the closing modules according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a pressure control system in a case where each closing module includes a plurality of modules in the modification example of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a pressure control system in a case where each closing module includes a plurality of modules in the modification example of FIG. 5;

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a pressure control system in a case where each closing module includes a plurality of modules in the modification example of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an inter-module pressure regulator.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the inter-module pressure regulator.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram showing still another embodiment of the inter-module pressure regulator.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a pressure control system including an active positive pressure control device applied to a large-scale closed module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a control operation of the positive pressure control device in FIG. 14;

16 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which the active positive pressure control device of FIG. 14 is applied to the pressure control system between the closing modules of FIG. 1;

17 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which the active positive pressure control device of FIG. 14 is applied to the pressure control system between the closing modules of FIG. 5;

18 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which the active positive pressure control device of FIG. 14 is applied to the pressure control system between the closing modules of FIG. 7;

FIG. 19 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the active positive pressure control device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram showing still another embodiment of the active positive pressure control device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an active positive pressure control device using a hydraulic drive device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,30,52,53,54,55 ... closed module,
4,34 ... air buffer, 2 ... air purifier, 5,37,
38, 42 ... pressure gauge, 6, 33, 49, 50, 57, 5
8,61,62,75,76,79,80,83,8
4,87,88,91,93,95,97,134,1
37, 138, 142, 143: piping, 7: air tank, 8: compressor, 9, 25, 26: flow control valve,
10, 56: control panel, 3, 29: circulation duct, 11, 1
2,23,24,27,28,59,60,63,6
4,66,68,77,78,81,82,85,8
6, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 ... valve, 3
5, 36: communication duct, 40, 144: airtight container, 4
1,145 adjustment buffer, 160 inter-module pressure regulator, 45, 47 valve opening control device, 123 diaphragm
Reference numeral 124: partition plate, 125: stopper, 127: water storage tank, 128: container, 129: support, 130: counterweight, 131: wire, 132: pulley, 133 ...
Water, 135: drain hole, 136: water pump, 139: active positive pressure control device, 126, 151, 152: sealing material, 141: mounting member, 146: electric device, 147
... differential pressure gauge, 149 ... stand, 150 ... outer container, 155 ... double cylindrical outer container, 156 ... liquid (water or silicone oil), 157 ... hydraulic drive.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Satoshi Sugawara 3-1-1, Sachimachi, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Pref. Hitachi Plant, Ltd. 7-23-23 (72) Inventor Shoichi Tsuga 3-1-1 Kochi-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Pref.Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi Plant (72) Inventor Yuji Koakutsu 3-1-1 Kochi-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki No. 1 Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Plant (72) Inventor Satoshi Shimizu 3-1-1 Kochicho, Hitachi, Hitachi, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in Hitachi Plant, Hitachi Ltd. F-term 5H316 AA11 BB01 CC08 DD02 EE02 EE33 ES02 ES05 FF02 FF05 GG11 GG14

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A closed space in which gas is prevented from entering and exiting from the outside, and a pressure in the closed space which is connected to the closed space, is formed of a hollow member by an elastic material, and changes in volume following a change in atmospheric pressure. An air buffer that passively controls the
An air purifier for purifying air in the closed space, and a closed system experimental facility including a circulation duct connecting the air purifier and the closed space and allowing air in the closed space to circulate through the air purifier, are provided at least two times. The set is a closed system facility provided, a valve installed on the downstream side of the air purifier of the circulation duct of the closed system experimental facility, and a valve installed on the circulation duct of the other closed system experimental facility from the upstream side of the valve. From the upstream side of the valve installed in the circulation duct of the other closed laboratory equipment, with a communication duct connected downstream of the valve to be connected and provided with a flow control valve and a valve in the duct for connection. A communication duct connected to the downstream side of the valve installed in the circulation duct of the closed system experimental equipment and equipped with a flow control valve and a valve, and the air in the closed space between one and the other closed system experimental equipment A closed system facility comprising: a positive pressure control device including an opening control means for controlling the flow control valve in accordance with a pressure difference between the two closed spaces at the time of replacement. 2. The pressure difference between the two closed spaces according to claim 1, wherein the pressure difference between the two closed spaces is set in the vicinity of the air buffer of each of the closed system experimental facilities, and the pressure in a pipe connecting the air buffer and the closed space is determined. Closed facility characterized by the required configuration. 3. A closed space (module) in which gas is prevented from entering and exiting from the outside, and a closed space which is connected to the closed space and is formed of an elastic material so as to be hollow and changes in volume following a change in atmospheric pressure. An air buffer for passively controlling internal pressure, an air purifier for purifying air in the closed space, and a circulation connecting the air purifier and the closed space so that air in the closed space can circulate through the air purifier. A closed system facility provided with at least two sets of closed system experimental facilities provided with a duct, comprising: a hermetically sealed airtight container; and one closed space of the closed system experimental facility connected to the airtight container via a valve. A regulating buffer formed of a stretchable material in the airtight container, and the other closed space of the closed system experimental equipment connected to the regulating buffer via a valve. An inter-module pressure regulator provided with a duct leading to a valve, a valve installed on the downstream side of the air cleaner of the circulation duct of the closed system experimental equipment, and a valve of the other closed system experimental equipment from the upstream side of the valve. A communication duct connected downstream of the valve installed in the circulation duct and equipped with a flow control valve and a valve in the connection duct, and a valve installed in the circulation duct of the other closed system experimental equipment From upstream,
At the time of air exchange between closed spaces between one and the other closed system experimental equipment, a communication duct connected to the downstream side of the valve installed in the circulation duct of one closed system experimental equipment and equipped with a flow control valve and a valve, A closed system facility provided with a positive pressure control device including an opening control means for controlling the flow control valve in accordance with a pressure difference between the two closed spaces. 4. The pressure difference between the two closed spaces according to claim 3, wherein the pressure difference between the two closed spaces is set in the vicinity of the air buffer of each of the closed system experimental facilities, and the pressure in a pipe connecting the air buffer and the closed space is determined. Alternatively, the closed system facility is configured to measure from the pressure in the airtight container and the pressure of the adjustment buffer. 5. The pressure regulator according to claim 3, wherein the inter-module pressure regulator is provided with two sets of the airtight container and the adjustment buffer installed on an inner floor thereof, and one of the airtight container and the other adjustment buffer is provided. Closed facilities characterized by being connected by piping. 6. The divided closed space (divided module) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one of the closed-system experimental facilities is divided into a plurality of divided spaces in and out of which gas flows in and out. And a plurality of divided closed spaces (divided modules), wherein the air buffer is provided for each of the divided closed spaces, and the air purifier and the positive pressure control device are provided for each of the closed system experimental facilities. Closed facility characterized by: 7. The divided closed space for performing air cleaning or air exchange according to claim 6, further comprising a switching valve for switching connection between the air purifier and each of the divided enclosed spaces, and controlling opening and closing of the switching valve. Closed facility characterized by the structure. 8. The closed-system experimental facility according to claim 1, wherein the closed-system experimental facility includes a compressor, an air tank, and a pressure reducing valve, and forcibly exhausts air in the closed space to the air tank. Or a closed system facility that has a forced pressure control device that controls the pressure in the enclosed space by supplying the air from the air tank into the enclosed space, and performs pressure control in an emergency. 9. A closed space in which gas is prevented from entering and exiting from the outside, and a pressure in the closed space which is connected to the closed space and is formed of an elastic material so as to be hollow and changes in volume following a change in atmospheric pressure. An air buffer that passively controls the
Compulsory pressure control device that consists of a compressor, an air tank, and a pressure reducing valve, and controls the pressure in the closed space by forcibly exhausting the air in the closed space to the air tank or supplying the air from the air tank into the closed space. An airtight container formed by incorporating two containers that are open at one end, with their open ends facing each other, and attaching a sealing material to the outer surface of the container incorporated inside and the inner surface of the container incorporated outside. And a pipe for guiding the pressure of the hermetic container to the closed space, and an active positive pressure regulator having a mechanism for lifting one of the containers with a counterweight and moving the container up and down is provided. Closed facility characterized by controlling according to the pressure difference in the space. 10. A closed space in which gas is prevented from entering and exiting from the outside, and a pressure in the closed space which is connected to the closed space and which is formed of an elastic material to be hollow and changes in volume following a change in atmospheric pressure. A passively controlled air buffer, a compressor, an air tank, and a pressure reducing valve, forcibly exhausting air in the enclosed space to the air tank, or supplying air from the air tank into the enclosed space. In a closed system facility equipped with a forced pressure control device that controls the pressure of water, a space is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder whose axial direction is vertical, and this space is filled with liquid such as water or silicon oil. The airtight region is formed by the open-ended container and the double cylindrical container by inserting the open end of the cylindrical container and the open-ended container into the area of the double-cylindrical container filled with the liquid. A pipe connected to the inside of the double cylinder to guide an area to the closed space, and an active positive pressure regulator having a mechanism for lifting one of the containers with a counterweight and moving the container up and down; The closed system facility is controlled according to the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the closed space. 11. A hydraulic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the vertically open container forming the airtight space is vertically moved by a hydraulic device installed inside a region surrounded by the double cylindrical container and the open one container. Closed facility. 12. A closed space in which gas is prevented from entering and exiting from the outside, and a pressure in the closed space which is connected to the closed space, is formed of an elastic material, is hollow, and changes in volume following a change in atmospheric pressure. A passively controlled air buffer, a compressor, an air tank, and a pressure reducing valve, forcibly exhausting air in the enclosed space to the air tank, or supplying air from the air tank into the enclosed space. In a closed system facility equipped with a forced pressure control device that controls the pressure of the container, a closed space is formed by placing an open container in a water storage tank with the open surface in water, and the container is lifted with a counterweight, and the inside of the closed container is An active positive pressure regulator configured to guide pressure to the closed space through a pipe, and controls vertical movement of the container in accordance with a differential pressure between atmospheric pressure and pressure in the closed space. Closed system facility which is characterized in that. 13. The air buffer and the active positive valve according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the closed facilities having the closed space or a plurality of the closed spaces are provided in one closed system facility. A closed system facility wherein a pressure regulator is provided for each of the closed spaces. 14. The active positive pressure regulator according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the active positive pressure regulator periodically controls a differential pressure between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure in the closed space to be a predetermined minute positive pressure. A closed system facility wherein the differential pressure generated during this cycle is controlled by the air buffer.