JP2001078229A - Video type stereoscopic microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a video type stereoscopic microscope that can adjust a direction of penta prisms within a plane orthogonal to an incident optical axis onto the penta prisms. SOLUTION: Left and right photographing optical systems of this video type stereoscopic microscope comprise object optical systems 210, 220, 230 and relay optical systems 240, 250. The relay optical systems 240, 250 comprise 1st lens groups 241, 251 that a fixed positive lens group, 2nd lens groups 242, 252 being a movable positive lens group, and 3rd lens groups 243, 253 that converge a collimated light emitted from the 2nd lens groups 242, 252 onto a CCD 116 as a movable positive lens group. Penta prisms 272, 273 that change optical axes Ax2, Ax3 to have a right angle are fixed on prism turning tables 12, 13 between the 1st lens groups 241, 251 and the 2nd lens groups 242, 252.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a video stereo microscope which magnifies an observation object and shoots a video as a stereo image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A video-type stereo microscope of this type is used, for example, in treating fine tissue such as in neurosurgery.

That is, since it is difficult to visually discriminate an organ composed of fine tissues such as the brain with the naked eye, such an organ must be treated under a microscope. Moreover, since it is impossible to recognize the three-dimensional structure of the tissue with a monocular microscope, the binocular microscope is used for such a procedure because the tissue can be magnified three-dimensionally and an accurate treatment can be performed. Had been.

[0004] In a conventional binocular optical microscope, a main surgeon (or an assistant in some cases) in charge of surgery can view a microscope image, but other persons (for example, an anesthesiologist, Nurses, trainees, and advisors at remote locations cannot see the same microscopic image, and thus could not perform quick and accurate sharing work or provide accurate advice from remote locations. Therefore, in recent years, instead of the binocular optical microscope, a video stereo microscope has been proposed in which left and right subject images are video-captured by the binocular microscope and used for stereoscopic observation on a plurality of monitors. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2607828, the optical axes of the left and right photographing optical systems of a binocular microscope are arranged and reached on the imaging surface of the same imaging device by a large number of lenses and prisms, and the left and right objects are placed on this imaging surface. Video-type stereomicroscopes that align images and form images are described.

However, in the video stereo microscope described in this publication, the left and right imaging optical paths extend right and left in a crank shape, respectively, and the optical path of the first lens and the imaging element arranged close to the object are located on the left and right sides. Since the optical axis of the lens arranged in close proximity is parallel, there is a problem that the casing accommodating the imaging optical system becomes extremely large. In order to solve the problem, the present applicant has incorporated a pentaprism in each of the left and right imaging optical systems, so that the left and right imaging optical axes have an inverted L-shaped configuration parallel to each other. The microscope was disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 11-150831.

[0006]

In order to realize such a configuration, the right and left subject images on the image pickup surface will not be aligned right and left unless the mounting accuracy of the pentaprism is increased. That is, when a pentaprism is used, the optical axis is deflected 90 degrees before and after the pentaprism, regardless of the inclination of the pentaprism in a plane including the optical axes before and after the pentaprism. If an error occurs in the orientation of the pentaprism in a plane orthogonal to the incident optical axis of the pentaprism, or if each reflection surface of the pentaprism is tilted, the position of the exit optical axis from the pentaprism on the imaging surface shifts, The subject image is rotated around the output optical axis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such a problem awareness, and a problem thereof is that a video type which can adjust the direction of a pentaprism in a plane orthogonal to an optical axis incident on the pentaprism. A stereo microscope.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a video stereo microscope according to the present invention uses a pair of photographing optical systems arranged at a predetermined base line length to separate primary images of the same object. Once formed, the image-capturing device relays a secondary image to each of two regions divided in the direction of the base line length on the imaging surface of the imaging device, and simultaneously captures these secondary images by the imaging device. A microscope, a frame fixed to the imaging device and the pair of photographing optical systems, a pair of reflecting members that deflect the optical axes of the photographing optical systems at right angles to each other in parallel, and each of these reflecting members. A pair of turntables mounted on the frame so as to be rotatable about the optical axis of each photographing optical system that holds and enters each reflection member. When configured as such, each imaging optical system forms the same observation target object as a primary image, respectively, and further relays this primary image as a pair of left and right secondary images on the imaging surface of the imaging device. Re-image. Each turntable rotates each reflection member about the optical axis of the imaging optical system that enters the reflection member. When the reflecting member is rotated in this way, the reflection position of the light incident on the reflecting member offset from the optical axis of the photographing optical system rotates around the optical axis. Therefore,
The passing position of the light emitted from the reflecting member rotates around the optical axis after being deflected by the reflecting member. As a result, the left and right secondary images formed on the imaging surface of the imaging device rotate according to the rotation of each reflecting member. Thereby, the directions of the left and right secondary images formed on the imaging surface of the imaging device can be aligned in parallel with each other.

This reflecting member may have only one reflecting surface or two reflecting surfaces forming an angle of 45 degrees with each other. In the latter case, this reflecting member may be configured by combining two reflecting mirrors, or may be configured as a pentaprism.

This reflecting member can be arranged at an arbitrary position in the optical path between the first surface of the photographing optical system and the imaging surface. However, if a reflecting member is arranged between the image forming position of the primary image and the imaging surface, rotation adjustment of the reflecting member is performed by using an image of a field frame generally arranged at the image forming position of the primary image. Can be performed. Further, when the photographing optical system includes an objective optical system that forms a primary image and a relay optical system that relays the primary image, a reflecting member can be disposed in the relay optical system. With this arrangement, the first lens group of the relay optical system can be brought closer to the primary image forming position. In particular, if the reflecting member is arranged in a lens group having a collimating function in the relay optical system, the required effective diameter of the reflecting member can be reduced.

The shape of the turntable can be any shape as long as it can hold the reflecting member without blocking the light incident on the reflecting member and can rotate about the optical axis with respect to the frame. . However, if it has a cylindrical shape with a through-hole through which the optical axis passes, it becomes easy to configure a mechanism for rotating the frame with respect to the frame. In particular, if a through hole through which the optical axis penetrates is formed on the frame side and the turntable has a cylindrical shape, it is only necessary to rotatably fit this turntable coaxially with the through hole.

By rotating the reflecting member as described above, when the directions of the left and right secondary images formed on the imaging surface of the imaging device are aligned, the light deflected by each reflecting member is adjusted. The axes may not be parallel to each other. To cope with such a case, a configuration may be adopted in which the optical system disposed behind the reflecting member is held so as to be shiftable in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis. With this configuration, by shifting the optical system disposed behind the reflecting member, the directions of the optical axes deflected by the reflecting member can be corrected in parallel with each other.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A video stereo microscope (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “stereo microscope”) according to an embodiment described below is used by being incorporated in a surgery support system used in, for example, neurosurgery. This surgery support system combines a stereoscopic image (stereo image) obtained by video-taking a patient's tissue with a stereoscopic microscope with a CG (computer graphic) image created based on data of an affected part obtained in advance. This is a system for displaying on a stereoscopic viewer dedicated to the surgeon, a monitor for other staff, or the like, and recording on a recording device. (Overall Configuration of Surgery Support System) FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing an outline of the surgery support system. This figure 1
As shown in FIG.
01, a high-vision CCD camera 102 attached near the upper end of the back of the stereoscopic microscope 101, and a microscope position measuring device 103 also attached near the lower end.
A counter weight 104 attached to the upper surface of the stereo microscope 101; a light guide fiber 105 that penetrates through the through hole formed in the counter weight 104 and is conducted to the inside of the stereo microscope 101; A light source device 106 for introducing illumination light to the stereo microscope 101 through the optical system, a surgical planning computer 108 having a disk device 107, a real-time CG creating device 109 connected to the microscope position measuring device 103 and the surgical planning computer 108, An image synthesizing device 110 connected to the real-time CG creating device 109 and the high-vision CCD camera 102, a distributor 111 connected to the image synthesizing device 110, a recording device 115, a monitor 114, and a stereoscopic device connected to the distributor 111. Visual viewer 13, etc., are constructed.

The above-mentioned disk device 107 has a patient P
Images (CT scan images, MRI images, SPEC) obtained by previously imaging the affected area with various imaging devices
T images, angiographic images, etc.) and three-dimensional data of the diseased part and peripheral tissues created in advance based on these various images are stored. Note that the three-dimensional data is based on three-dimensional local coordinates defined using a reference point (marking or the like) set at a specific portion of the patient's outer skin or internal tissue as the origin, shape and size of the affected part and surrounding tissue. The data specifies the position in a vector format or a map format.

The above-mentioned stereo microscope 101 is mounted on the first stand 10 via a mount mounted on the back surface thereof.
The free arm 100a is detachably fixed to the tip of the free arm 100a. Therefore, the stereoscopic microscope 101 is movable within a radius that the tip of the free arm 100a of the first stand 100 can reach, and can be oriented in any direction. However, here, for convenience, the direction of the subject with respect to the stereoscopic microscope 101 is defined as “down”, and the opposite direction is defined as “up”.

The optical configuration of the stereo microscope 101 will be described in detail later.
As shown in FIG. 2, the image of the observation object is composed of a large-diameter close-up optical system 210 having a single optical axis, and left and right light beams that converge light transmitted through different portions of the close-up optical system 210. A pair of zoom optical systems 22
By the objective optical system consisting of 0 and 230, images are formed as primary images at the positions of the left and right field stops 270 and 271 respectively. These left and right primary images are relayed by a pair of left and right relay optical systems 240 and 250 to form a high-definition CC.
Each of the left and right image pickup areas (vertical and horizontal aspect ratio = 9: 8) in the CCD 116 as an image pickup apparatus which is introduced into the D camera 102 and has an image pickup surface of a high definition size (vertical and horizontal aspect ratio = 9: 16). It is re-imaged as the next image. Close-up optical system 2 in this optical system
10, one zoom optical system 220 and one relay optical system 240 constitute one photographing optical system, and the close-up optical system 210, the other zoom optical system 230 and the other relay optical system 250 constitute the other photographing optical system. And in addition,
It forms a pair of photographing optical systems arranged at a predetermined base line distance.

With such a pair of photographing optical systems, CC
Left and right imaging regions on the imaging surface of D116 (two regions divided in the direction of the base line length on the imaging surface)
Is equivalent to a stereo image in which images respectively taken from two locations separated by a predetermined base line length are arranged on the left and right. The output signal of the CCD 116 is generated as a Hi-Vision signal by the image processor 117 and output from the Hi-Vision CCD camera 102 to the image synthesizing device 110.

The stereoscopic microscope 101 has a built-in illumination optical system 300 (see FIG. 6) for illuminating the observation object existing near the focal position of the close-up optical system 210. Then, illumination light is introduced into the illumination optical system 300 from the light source device 106 via the light guide fiber bundle 105.

Returning to FIG. 1, the microscope position measuring device 103 attached to the stereoscopic microscope 101 has a distance to an object to be observed on the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210.
The three-dimensional direction of the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210 and the position of the reference point are measured, and the position of the observation target in the local coordinates is calculated based on the measured information. Then, the information on the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation target is notified to the real-time CG creation device 109.

This real-time CG creation device 109
Based on the information of the direction of the optical axis and the position of the observation object notified from the microscope position measuring device 103, and the three-dimensional data downloaded from the surgical planning computer 108, the affected part (for example, a tumor) is determined from the direction of the optical axis. CG image equivalent to stereoscopic viewing (eg, wireframe image)
Generate in real time. This CG image is generated as a stereoscopic image (stereo image) at the same base length and the same subject distance as the optical system in the stereoscopic microscope 101. Then, the real-time CG creation device 109 inputs a CG image signal indicating the CG image generated in this way to the image synthesis device 110 as needed.

The image synthesizing apparatus 110 converts the Hi-Vision signal of the actual observation object input from the Hi-Vision CCD camera 102 into a real-time CG generating apparatus 109.
Is superimposed by adjusting the scale of the CG image signal obtained from. In the image indicated by the high-definition signal in which the CG image signal is superimposed, the shape of the affected part,
The size and position are shown as a CG image such as a wire frame. The superimposed Hi-Vision signal is transmitted by the distributor 111 to the stereoscopic viewer 113 for the operator D, the monitor 114 for other surgical staff or an advisor at a remote location, and the recording device 115. Supplied respectively.

The stereoscopic viewer 113 includes the second stand 1
Twelve free arms 112a are attached by hanging from the tips. Therefore, it is possible to arrange the stereoscopic viewer 113 according to a posture in which the main operator D can easily perform the treatment. FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of the stereoscopic viewer 113. As shown in FIG. 3, the stereoscopic viewer 113 includes a high-definition LCD panel 12.
0 is built in as a monitor. This LCD panel 1
When an image based on the high-definition signal from the distributor is displayed on the LCD 20, an image captured in the left imaging area of the CCD 116 is provided on the left half 120b of the LCD panel 120, as shown in the plan view of FIG. The right half 120a displays an image photographed in the right photographing area of the CCD 116. The boundary line 120c between the left and right images is defined by pentaprisms 272 and 273 described later.
And whether the relay lenses 240 and 250 are adjusted,
It shifts or tilts. The optical path in the stereoscopic viewer 113 is defined by the boundary 120 when these are precisely adjusted.
It is divided into right and left by a partition 121 installed perpendicularly to c. On both sides of the partition 121, respectively,
The wedge prism 119 and the eyepiece 118 are arranged in order from the LCD panel 120 side. The eyepiece 118 is a lens that enlarges and forms a virtual image of an image displayed on the LCD panel 120 at a position about 1 m (-1 diopter) in front of the observation eye I. In addition, wedge prism 1
No. 19 corrects the traveling direction of light so that the convergence angle of the observation eye I becomes the same angle as observing an object existing 1 m ahead, and enables natural stereoscopic observation.

In an image stereoscopically viewed by the stereoscopic viewer 113 or an image displayed on the monitor 114, as described above, detection has been performed based on images previously photographed by various photographing devices. A CG such as a wire frame indicating the shape, size and position of an affected part such as a tumor is superimposed. Therefore, the main operator D or other surgical staff observing them can easily identify an affected part that is difficult to identify in an actual image. As a result, accurate and prompt treatment can be performed. (Configuration of stereo microscope) Next, the stereo microscope 101 described above is used.
The specific configuration of the camera (including the high-vision CCD camera 102) will be described in detail. As shown in the perspective view of FIG.
02 has a substantially prismatic shape with a flat rear surface and chamfered edges on both sides of the front surface (opposite side surface of the rear surface). At the center of the upper surface, a concave portion 101a having a circular opening is formed. At the center of the concave portion 101a, an insertion opening (not shown) for inserting a guide pipe 122 which is a cylindrical member into which the tip of the light guide fiber bundle 105 is inserted and fixed is formed. The annular member (fiber guide insertion portion) 123 attached to the opening of the insertion port is a chuck for fixing the guide pipe 122 inserted in the insertion port. <Optical Configuration> Next, the optical configuration in the stereomicroscope 101 will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 is a perspective view showing the entire configuration of the microscope optical system, FIG. 7 is a side view, FIG. 8 is a front view, and FIG. 9 is a plan view.

As shown in FIG. 6, the microscope optical system includes a photographing optical system (a pair of left and right photographing optical systems) 200 for electronically photographing an image of a subject, and a light guide fiber bundle 10.
5 and an illumination optical system 300 for illuminating the subject with illumination light guided from the light source device 106.

A photographing optical system (a pair of left and right photographing optical systems) 20
0 is an objective optical system including one close-up optical system 210 shared by the left and right, and a pair of left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above;
A pair of left and right relay optical systems 240 and 250 for relaying a primary image of a subject formed by the objective optical system to form a secondary image of the subject, and these relay optical systems 240 and 2
And a convergence approaching prism 260 for bringing object light from the object 50 closer to each other.

Field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at positions where the primary images are formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively. A reflection member for deflecting the optical path at right angles is provided in the relay optical systems 240 and 250. Pentaprisms 272 and 273 are disposed, respectively.

With such a configuration, the CCD camera 10
The left and right subject images having a predetermined parallax can be formed in two adjacent regions on the CCD 116 arranged in the second CCD 2. In the description of the optical system, “left and right” is C
When projected onto the CD 116, the direction coincides with the longitudinal direction of the imaging surface, and “up / down” refers to the direction orthogonal to the left / right direction on the CCD 116. Hereinafter, the configuration of each optical system will be described in order.

As shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, the close-up optical system 210 includes a first negative lens 211 and a second positive lens 212 arranged in order from the object side. The second lens 212 is movable in the optical axis direction, and can focus on objects at different distances by adjusting the movement. That is, the close-up optical system 210 is adjusted so that the subject is located at the focal position, and has a collimating function of converting divergent light from the subject into substantially parallel light.

First and second close-up optical systems 210
Each of the lenses 211 and 212 has a substantially semicircular end surface shape in which the planar shape viewed from the optical axis direction is D-cut, and the illumination optical system 300 is disposed in the cut portion.

The pair of zoom optical systems 220 and 230 converge the subject light of the image formed at infinity from the close-up optical system 210 to the positions of the field stops 270 and 271 respectively.

One zoom optical system 220 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in (1), the first and fourth lenses are configured in order from the close-up optical system 210 side, having first to fourth lens groups 221, 222, 223, and 224 having positive, negative, negative, and positive powers, respectively. Groups 221 and 224 are fixed,
Zooming is performed by moving the second and third lens groups 222 and 223 in the optical axis direction. At this time, the second
The magnification is changed by moving the lens group 222, and the focal position is kept constant by moving the third lens group 223.

The other zoom optical system 230 has the same configuration as the above-described zoom optical system 220, and includes first to fourth lens groups 231, 232, 233, and 234. These zoom optical systems 220 and 230 are linked by a drive mechanism (not shown), and can simultaneously change the photographing magnification of the left and right images.

Optical axis Ax of zoom optical systems 220 and 230
2, Ax3 is the optical axis Ax1 of the close-up optical system 210.
And the zoom optical systems 220 and 23
The plane including the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of 0 is parallel to the plane and includes the optical axis of the close-up optical system 210.
It is separated by Δ on the opposite side of the D cut portion.

The diameter of the close-up optical system 210 is set to be larger than the diameter of a circle containing the maximum effective diameter of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 and the maximum effective diameter of the illumination optical system 300. As described above, the zoom optical system 220,
The optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of 230 are close-up optical systems 21
By setting the optical axis Ax1 at a position more distant from the D-cut portion than the optical axis Ax1, the illumination optical system 300 can also be accommodated within the diameter occupied by the close-up optical system 210, and the whole can be made compact.

The field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the positions of the primary images formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230. As shown in FIG. 6, the field stops 270 and 271 have a circular outer shape, and have substantially semicircular openings on the inside in the left and right directions. Each of the field stops 270 and 271 is arranged such that the straight edge of the opening coincides with the direction corresponding to the boundary between the left and right images on the CCD 116, and transmits only light beams inside the boundary.

As described above, in the microscope according to the embodiment, since the left and right secondary images are formed in the adjacent areas on the single CCD 116, the boundaries between the left and right images on the CCD 116 are clarified so that the images overlap. Need to be prevented. For this reason, the field stops 270 and 271 are arranged at the position of the primary image. The straight edges of the semicircular apertures of the field stops 270 and 271 arranged in this way are made to function as so-called knife edges,
By transmitting only the light flux inside, CC
The boundary between the left and right images on D116 can be clarified.

The primary image formed on the field stop is
The images are re-imaged by the relay optical systems 240 and 250 to form a secondary image, and the primary image and the secondary image are inverted vertically and horizontally.
Therefore, the knife edge that defines the left and right outer edges at the position of the primary image defines the left and right inner edges at the position of the secondary image, that is, the boundary between the left and right images.

The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have the function of re-forming the primary image formed by the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 as described above, and each is constituted by three positive lens groups.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, one relay optical system 240 has a first lens group 241 composed of a single positive meniscus lens and a second lens group 242 having a positive power as a whole. And a third lens group 243 composed of a single biconvex lens. Among them, the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242 have their entire object-side focal points coincident with the image plane of the primary image formed by the zoom optical system 220 (the same plane as the field stop 271). Further, the third lens group 243 is the second lens group 2
The parallel light emitted from 42 is converged on the imaging surface of CCD 116. A pentaprism 272 for deflecting the optical path at right angles is disposed between the first lens group 241 and the second lens group 242, and a light amount adjustment is provided between the second lens group 242 and the third lens group 243. Brightness stop 244 is provided.

The other relay optical system 250 has the same configuration as the above-described relay optical system 240, and includes first, second, and third lens groups 251, 252, and 253. A pentaprism 273 is disposed between the second lens group 252 and the lens group 252, and a brightness stop 254 is provided between the second lens group 252 and the third lens group 253.

The divergent light that has passed through the field stops 270 and 271 is transmitted to the first lens group 24 of the relay optical systems 240 and 250.
1, 251 and the second lens groups 242, 252 convert the light into substantially parallel light again. After passing through the aperture stop 244, 254, the third lens group 243, 253 forms an image again to form a secondary image. .

As shown in FIG. 7, the pentaprisms 272 and 273 are incident end surfaces 272a perpendicular to the optical axes (incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3) of the first lens groups 241 and 251 of the relay optical systems 240 and 250. , 273a, first reflecting surfaces 272b, 273b forming an angle of 22.5 degrees with respect to the incident end surfaces 272a, 273a, and the first reflecting surface 2
The second reflection surfaces 272c and 273c which make an angle of 45 degrees with the light-receiving surfaces 72b and 273b and make contact with the light-incident end surfaces 272a and 273a at an angle of 112.5 degrees, and make contact with the light-entering end surfaces 272a and 273a at right angles. First
Output end surfaces 272d and 273d contact the reflection surfaces 272b and 273b at an angle of 112.5 degrees. Thereby, the first lens group 2 of the relay optical systems 240 and 250
The optical axes of 41 and 251 (incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3) are incident end faces 272a and 273a and exit end faces 272d and 272d.
In a plane orthogonal to 3d, the first reflecting surfaces 272b, 272b
It is bent so as to form an acute angle of 45 degrees at 73b, and the incident end faces 272a, 272 are formed at the second reflecting surfaces 272c, 273c.
It is bent so as to form an acute angle of 45 degrees in a direction parallel to 73a, and vertically passes through the emission end faces 272d and 273d. Thus, by disposing the pentaprisms 272 and 273 in the relay optical systems 240 and 250, the overall length of the photographing optical system 200 along the optical axis direction of the close-up optical system 210 can be shortened.

The relay optical systems 240 and 250 have their second lenses 242 and 252 and their third lenses 243 and 25.
3 is adjustable in the optical axis direction and in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. These second and third lens groups 242, 252, 24
3, 253 in the direction of the optical axis to move the first lens group 24
1, 251 and the second lens groups 242, 252, the relay optical systems 240, 2
The magnification (image height of the secondary image) of the entire 50 can be adjusted. Also, by moving only the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the optical axis direction, the relay optical systems 240 and 250 are moved.
, The focus of the CCD 116 can be adjusted. Further, the second lens group 242,
The position of the secondary image in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis can be adjusted by integrating the second lens group 252 and the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis. For such adjustment, the second lens group 242, 252 and the third lens group 243, 253 are held by an integral outer lens barrel (second lens frame 32 and third lens mounting frame 34), and the third lens group The groups 243 and 253 are further held by an inner barrel (third lens frame 35) movable in the optical axis direction with respect to this barrel.

A convergence shifting prism 260 arranged between the relay optical systems 240 and 250 and the CCD camera 102
Has a function of narrowing the left and right intervals of subject light from the respective relay optical systems 240 and 250. In order to obtain a stereoscopic effect by stereoscopic vision, left and right zoom optical systems 220 and 23 are used.
0, a predetermined base line length is required between the relay optical systems 240 and 250. On the other hand, in order to form a secondary image in an adjacent area on the CCD 116, the distance between the optical axes needs to be smaller than the base length. Therefore, the congestion approaching prism 260
By shifting the optical axis of the relay optical system inward, the same CCD can be maintained while maintaining a predetermined base line length.
It is possible to form an image on the image 116.

The converging prism 260 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 5, the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 of a pentagonal prism are arranged to face each other with a gap of about 0.1 mm.

As shown in FIG. 9, the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 have an incident end face and an exit end face parallel to each other, and have first and second reflection faces parallel to each other inside and outside. ing. In addition, these optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262 are such that the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the incident and exit end faces and the reflection surface is obtained by cutting one of the acute apex angles of the parallelogram by a line perpendicular to the exit end face. The pentagon is formed, and the cut-out surface is a joining surface to the other shift prisms 262, 261.

The subject light from the relay optical systems 240 and 250 enters from the entrance end faces of the optical axis shift prisms 261 and 262, is reflected by the outer reflecting surface, is directed inward in the left and right direction, and is directed to the inner reflecting surface. Is reflected again in a direction parallel to the time of incidence, is emitted from the emission end face, and is
Incident on. As a result, the distance between the left and right object lights is reduced without changing the traveling direction, and the same CCD 1
16 to form a secondary image.

The illumination optical system 300 has a function of projecting illumination light onto a subject, and as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an illumination lens 310 for adjusting the degree of divergence of divergent light emitted from the light guide fiber bundle 105. And a wedge prism 320 for matching the illumination range and the photographing range. The optical axis Ax6 of the illumination lens 310 is, as shown in FIG.
Since it is parallel to x1 and decentered by a predetermined amount, the center of the illumination range and the center of the photographing range do not match, and the amount of illumination light is wasted. Therefore, the wedge prism 310
Is arranged on the exit end side of the illumination lens 310, the above-described mismatch is eliminated, and the illumination light amount is effectively used. <Optical System Holding Mechanism> Next, a mechanical configuration of a mechanism for holding the optical systems after the field stops 270 and 271 in the above-described photographing optical system will be described. The pair of left and right field stops 27 described above.
0, 271, and a relay optical system 24 including pentaprisms 272, 273 and aperture stops 244, 254.
The components 0 and 250 are assembled in advance as an integrated unit (relay unit 1), and then attached inside the housing of the stereomicroscope 101.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state in which the relay unit 1 is viewed from obliquely upward and forward.
1 is a perspective view showing a state in which the relay unit 1 is looked up obliquely from below, and FIG. 12 is an optical axis Ax2 (Ax4) of the zoom optical system 220 and the relay optical system 240.
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the relay unit 1 along a plane including. As shown in these drawings, the relay unit 1 includes a reference frame (that is, a CCD 116 serving as an image pickup device and a close-up optical system 210 forming a pair of photographing optical systems) fixed inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101. And a pair of left and right field stop holders 3, 4, and 1 on a frame fixed to the zoom optical systems 220 and 230, respectively.
Front lens barrel 5, 6, pentaprism 27 as group lens barrel
It is configured by assembling the prism rotating tables 12 and 13 for holding 2,273 and the rear barrels 7 and 8. Hereinafter, each of these units constituting the relay unit 1 will be described in order.

First, the reference frame 2 is a zoom lens 2
20 (230) and the optical axis Ax2 (Ax3) of the first lens group 241 (251) of the relay optical system 240 (250).
(Hereinafter, it may be referred to as an “incident optical axis” to the pentaprisms 272 and 273.) A plate-shaped pentabase portion 21 orthogonal to the rear end of the pentabase portion 21 (the second lens group 242 (252)) Plate-shaped mount portion which rises perpendicularly from the side edge) and is deflected by the pentaprisms 272 and 273 (hereinafter, referred to as an “exit optical axis Ax4 (Ax5)” from the pentaprisms 272 and 273). 22 and an integrated optical axis Ax2 (Ax3) and an output optical axis Ax4 (Ax5).
Is substantially L-shaped.

The rear end surface (the surface on the second lens group 242 (252) side) 22a of the mount portion 22 is
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of only the rear end face side when viewed only from the rear end side.
As shown in FIG. 2, the surface is processed as a rectangular flat surface, and is formed inside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101 so as to be exactly parallel to a plane including both the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. It is positioned against a reference plane (not shown). Therefore, the rear end surface 22a is a reference for all processing in the relay unit 1, and is hereinafter referred to as a "processing reference surface 22a".

The processing reference plane 22a has an emission optical axis Ax
4 and Ax5, the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax
A through hole 22b having a circular cross section centered on an axis orthogonal to 3;
22b is opened symmetrically. In addition, each through-hole 22b, 22b in the processing reference surface 22a
, Screw holes 22d for screw fixing of decenter adjustment rings 30 (see FIG. 12) of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 described later are equiangularly spaced from the centers of the through holes 22b and 22b, respectively. Are formed at three places. Furthermore, each through hole 22
b and 22b and the screw holes 22d for screwing and fixing, the second lens frame mounting rings 3 of the rear barrels 7 and 8 to be described later.
One (see FIG. 12) fixing through holes 22e are respectively formed.

On the other hand, the upper and lower surfaces of the penta base 21 are machined so as to be exactly perpendicular to the machining reference plane 22a and to be exactly parallel to a plane including the central axes of both the through holes 22b. I have. In addition, the pentabase 22
As shown in FIG. 15 which is a plan view of the reference frame 2, the outer edge of is shaped symmetrically along the inner shape of the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.

The pentabase 21 also has an incident optical axis A
As a space for passing x2, Ax3, through holes 21a, 21a having a circular cross section centered on the passing positions of the respective incident optical axes Ax2, Ax3 are opened symmetrically. About 2/3 of the upper side in each through hole 21a
Is formed as a large diameter portion 21aa having a relatively large inner diameter,
The lower third is formed as a small diameter portion 21ab having a relatively small inner diameter. Since the outer edge of the large diameter portion 21aa of each through hole 21a is partially hung on the mount 22, the front end face 22f of the mount (the surface opposite to the processing reference surface 22a) has the through holes 21a, 21a. The clearance grooves 22g, 22g, which are coaxial with the large diameter portion 21aa and slightly larger in diameter than the large diameter portion 21aa, are formed over the entire vertical region. As shown in FIG. 13 which is a longitudinal sectional view of the relay unit 1 along a plane including both the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3, the pentabase unit 21 has through holes 21a, 21a from both side surfaces thereof. Toward the large diameter portion 21aa of
Screw holes 211 and 211 are formed to penetrate, respectively. The vicinity of the ends of the screw holes 211 and 211 on the side of the through holes 21a and 21a is formed as a female screw portion 211a having a smaller diameter than other portions. Set screws 14 are screwed into the female screw portions 211a, respectively. Further, on the upper surface of the penta-base portion 21, the rotation operation grooves 21b, 21 having the same width as the diameter of the large-diameter portion 21aa of each of the through holes 21a, 21a.
b is formed so as to reach the front edge in parallel with the central axis of each through hole 22b of the mount portion 22. Each of the rotation operation grooves 21b, 21b has a substantially rectangular cross section, and its depth is sufficiently shallower than the large diameter portion 21aa.

The large-diameter portion 21aa of each through-hole 21a of the penta-base portion 21 has a substantially disk-shaped prism turntable 12 (13) having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the large-diameter portion 21aa.
But, each is packed. This prism turntable 12
The thickness (length in the axial direction) of (13) is the large diameter portion 21.
aa, which is thicker than the depth (length in the axial direction) of the through hole 22b from the step between the large diameter portion 21aa and the small diameter portion 21ab.
Almost equal to the height. Therefore, in the state where the prism rotary table 12 (13) is inserted into the large diameter portion 21aa,
Has a slightly protruding upper surface from the upper surface of the pentabase portion 21.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, an annular groove 12a (13a) having a V-shaped cross section is formed on the entire outer circumference of the prism turntable 12 (13). The deepest portion of the annular groove 12a (13a) is located at the deepest portion 21 of the through hole 21a.
It is formed at a position slightly closer to the upper surface of the pentabase portion 21 than the center axis of each screw hole 211 when inserted into aa. Therefore, the tip of each set screw 14 is made to protrude from each screw hole 211, and this annular groove 12a (13
By contacting the inner surface of a), the prism turntable 1
2 (13) is fixed in the large-diameter portion 21aa of the through hole 21a while being pressed against the step with the small-diameter portion 21ab.

At the center of the prism turntable 12 (13), a through hole 12b (13b) coaxial with the outer peripheral surface thereof is provided.
Has been pierced. The upper third of the through hole 12b (13b) has a large diameter portion 12ba (1) slightly smaller in diameter than the small diameter portion 21ab of the through hole 21a of the pentabase portion 12.
3ba), and the lower side 2/3 is formed as a small diameter portion 12bb (13bb) having a smaller diameter.

Further, a flat U-shaped fixing groove 12c (13c) having a bottom surface orthogonal to the center axis thereof is formed on the upper end surface of the prism turntable 12 (13). The cross-sectional shape in the width direction of the fixing groove 12c (13c) is rectangular, and one end in the axial direction is
2 (13), and the other end is closed by a movement restricting wall 12d (13d) perpendicular to the axial direction. The width of the fixing groove 12c (13c) is wider than the diameter of the through hole 12b (13b),
72 (273). Therefore, the pentaprism 272 (273) is connected to each prism rotating table 12
As shown in FIG. 18, each of the prism rotating bases 12 is inserted into the fixed groove 12c (13c) of (13) and brought into contact with the bottom surface and the movement restricting wall 12d (13d) as shown in FIG.
(13) can be fixed.

The through hole 1 of each prism turntable 12 (13)
A small outer diameter portion 5a (6a) formed near the upper end outer edge of the front lens barrel 5 (6) is inserted into the small diameter portion 12bb (13bb) in 2b (13b). The outer diameter of the small outer diameter portion 5a (6a) is equal to the through hole 12b (13b).
Of the through hole 12b (13b) is substantially the same as the small diameter portion 12bb (13bb) of the through hole 12b (13b). A female screw is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the front lens barrel 5 (6), and the female screw has a larger diameter than the small outer diameter portion 5a (6a) and a larger through hole 12b (13b). A fixed ring 15 having an outer flange smaller in diameter than the diameter portion 12ba (13ba) is screwed in from the upper end side. Therefore, each front lens barrel 5 (6)
Is fixed to each of the prism rotating tables 12 (13).

Each of the front lens barrels 5 (6) has a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, except for a small outer diameter portion 5a (6a).
The outer diameter of the pentabase portion 12 is slightly smaller than the small diameter portion 21ab of the through hole 21a. Therefore, the front lens barrel 5 (6) fixed to each prism turntable 12 (13)
Is the small diameter portion 21a of the through hole 21a of the penta base portion 12.
b and protrudes from the lower surface of the pentabase portion 12.
An inner flange 5b (6b) having a smaller diameter than other portions is formed on the inner edge of the lower end of each front lens barrel 5 (6). Then, the first lens groups 241 and 251 of the relay optical systems 240 and 250 having substantially the same inner diameter as the inner diameter thereof are fitted into the respective lens barrels 5 (6) from the upper end side, and the inner flanges 5 b (6 b ). The first lens groups 241 and 251 that are in contact with the inner flange 5b (6b) in this manner are connected to the front lens barrel 5b.
(6) It is fixed by a fixing ring 17 screwed inside.

At the center in the left-right direction on the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21, a rear end surface flush with the processing reference surface 22a, both side surfaces perpendicular to the processing reference surface 22a and the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21, and A holder supporting portion 23 having a lower surface parallel to the lower surface of the pentabase portion 21 is integrally formed so as to protrude. The holder support portion 23 holds the pair of left and right viewing frame holders 3 and 4 in parallel with the processing reference plane 22a and orthogonal to both the optical axes Ax2 and Ax4 and orthogonal to both the optical axes Ax3 and Ax5. And hold it so that the position can be adjusted only in the direction in which Hereinafter, these holder support portions 23
The configuration of the two field frame holders 3 and 4 will be described.

The holder support 23 has two bearing holes (not shown) perpendicular to both side surfaces of the holder support 23.
2 and Ax3, and are formed so as to penetrate in a positional relationship symmetrical with each other with respect to a plane including Ax3. Each of these bearing holes has a guide pin 1 having substantially the same diameter as each of the bearing holes.
Reference numerals 0 and 11 are inserted so as to be rotatable and unable to move back and forth in the axial direction. Each of the guide pins 10 and 11 has the same cylindrical shape, and a male screw (not shown) is formed on the outer peripheral surface near the tip. The guide pins 10 and 11 are inserted into the bearing holes of the holder indicating portion 23 so as to be opposite to each other.

Each of the field frame holders 3 and 4 has a flat and substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the first lens group 241 and the first lens group 241 are provided at the center of the plane (the surface facing the lower surface of the pentabase 21).
The through-holes 3a and 4a having the same inner diameter as the outer diameter of the hole 251 penetrate vertically. The openings of the through holes 3a and 4a on the pentabase 21 side are formed as slightly large-diameter receiving seats. Also, on both sides of the through holes 3a and 4a,
The screw holes 3b, 4b and the straight holes 3c, 4 are positioned symmetrically with respect to the center axis of the through holes 3a, 4a and at the same intervals as the bearing holes 23a, 23b of the holder support 23.
c is open. The threaded holes 3b and 4b are provided with female screws into which the male screws (not shown) of the guide pins 10 and 11 are screwed, and the straight holes 3c and 4c have the outer diameters of the guide pins 10 and 11 respectively. And has substantially the same inner diameter. And the screw hole 3b of one field frame holder 3 has
The male screw 11a of the guide pin 11 is screwed, and the guide pin 10 is inserted into the straight hole 3c. The screw hole 4 of the other field frame holder 4
b, the male screw 10a of the guide pin 10 is screwed, and the straight hole 4c has the guide pin 11
Is plugged in.

When the one guide pin 10 is rotated by the above-described configuration, the one field frame holder 3 moves straight along the processing reference plane 22a in the direction orthogonal to the incident optical axis Ax2, , The center of the through hole 3a intersects with the incident optical axis Ax2. When the other guide pin 11 is rotated, the other field frame holder 4 moves straight along the processing reference plane 22a in a direction orthogonal to the incident optical axis Ax3, and in the middle of the center of the through hole 4a. Intersect with the incident optical axis Ax3.

The through-hole 3 of each of the above-mentioned field frame holders 3 and 4
The cylindrical field stop frames 16 having substantially the same outer diameter as the inner diameters of the through holes 3a and 4a are provided in the through holes 3a and 4a, respectively.
a, 4a so as to be rotatable with predetermined friction. Upper end of each field stop frame 16 (front barrel 5,
A flange that fits into the receiving seat of the through-holes 3a, 4a is formed on the outer edge of the end opposite to 6). When the flanges are fitted in the receiving seats of the through holes 3a, 4a, the lower end of each field stop frame 16 protrudes slightly from the lower surface of each field frame holder 3, 4. At the lower end of the field stop frame 16, a notch 16a engaging with the tip of a flathead screwdriver is provided.
Are formed along a direction perpendicular to the central axis. A receiving seat 16b having an inner diameter slightly larger than other portions is formed on the inner edge of the upper end of each field stop frame 16. The above-mentioned field stop 270, 2
71 is fixed to be orthogonal to the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3.

Next, the structure of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 will be described. Since the two rear lens barrels 7 and 8 have exactly the same structure, only one of the rear lens barrels 7 will be described. The description of the other rear lens barrel 8 is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 12, the rear barrel 7 is
A decenter adjustment ring 30 fixed to the periphery of the through hole 22b in the processing reference surface 22a; a second lens frame attachment ring (first attachment ring) 31 fixed inside the decenter adjustment ring 30; A second lens frame (second lens barrel) 32 that is screwed into the mounting ring 31 and holds the second lens group 242 therein, and is screwed to the outer surface of the second lens frame 32 and Lens frame mounting ring 31
A second lens frame fixing ring 33 abutting on the rear end surface of the second lens frame 32 and a third lens frame 32 fitted on the rear end of the second lens frame 32 so as to allow only rotation adjustment.
A third lens frame mounting ring 34 is screwed into the third lens frame mounting ring 34 and a third
Third lens frame for holding lens group 243 (third lens barrel)
35, which is screwed into the third lens frame mounting ring 34 and abuts against the third lens frame 35 from the rear end side.
The lens frame fixing ring 36 is configured as a main component. Each of the frames or rings 30 to 36 described above has a rotationally symmetric shape except for the shape of the screw holes and the like. Hereinafter, each specific shape will be described.

First, the decenter adjustment ring 30 has a shape in which a relatively large-diameter cylinder (fixed part 30a) is integrally connected to the tip of a relatively small-diameter cylinder (decenter adjustment part 30d). Through holes 30c are formed in the fixing portion 30a at positions where the decenter adjusting rings 30 are coaxially arranged with the through holes 22b of the mount portion 22 and communicate with the screw holes 22d of the processing reference surface 22a. ing. The decenter adjustment ring 30 is fixed to the mount portion 22 of the reference frame 2 by a fixing screw 37 that passes through each through hole 30c and is screwed into each screw hole 22d.

In the decenter adjustment portion 30d of the decenter adjustment ring 30, two screws (decenter adjustment set screws) 38, 38 are screwed in a positional relationship of 90 degrees with respect to the center thereof, respectively. Two screw holes and one relatively large screw hole into which the ball plunger 39 is screwed in a positional relationship of 135 degrees with each of the screws 38 from the same circumferential position on the outer peripheral surface. Penetration is formed toward the center.

Next, the second lens frame mounting ring 31 has an inner diameter larger than the through hole 22b. A mounting flange 31a having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the fixing portion 30a of the decenter adjustment ring 30 is formed at the front end of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 so as to protrude. A decenter adjustment flange 31b having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the portion 31b is formed so as to protrude.

When the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is disposed coaxially with the through hole 22b of the mounting portion 22, the mounting flange 31a is located at a position communicating with each through hole 22e of the processing reference surface 22a. A screw hole 31c having a diameter sufficiently smaller than the through hole 22e is formed. The second lens frame mounting ring 31 extends through each through-hole 22e, and
The mounting part 2 is fixed by the fixing screw 40 screwed into the mounting part 2.
2 fixed. However, within the range of the clearance between each fixing screw 40 and each through hole 22e, the position of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted with respect to the mount portion 22 in a plane perpendicular to the axis. .

Further, the outer peripheral surface of the decenter adjustment flange 31 b is located closer to the tip of each decenter adjustment set screw (screw) 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 and the vertex of the ball 39 a of the ball plunger (screw) 39. An annular V-groove having its deepest portion slightly behind is formed. Each set screw 38, 38 is provided on the inner surface of this annular V groove.
Of the tip of the ball and the ball 39 of the ball plunger 39
a, the second lens frame mounting ring 31
It is positioned in a plane perpendicular to that axis. Therefore, by appropriately rotating both set screws 38, 38 and pushing and pulling the decenter adjustment flange 31b,
The position of the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the axis. During this position adjustment, the ball 39a of the ball plunger 39 is immersed or protrudes following the movement of the decenter adjustment flange 31b.
Press against 8,38. This ball plunger 3
Each set screw 38 exceeds the following range of the ball 39a of No. 9
Is adjusted, the ball plunger 39 itself is rotated to adjust the position in accordance with the position of each set screw 38.

In the vicinity of the front end of the inner peripheral surface of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, a female screw thread is formed so as to protrude.

Next, the second lens frame 32 is inserted into the through hole 22b.
It has an inner diameter larger than that. The second lens group 242 described above is held inside the second lens frame 32. The outer surface of the second lens frame 32 has an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and has a small-diameter portion 32a fitted into the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and a small-diameter portion 32a. An intermediate diameter portion 32b formed with a male screw slightly larger in diameter than the intermediate diameter portion 32b and a flange 32c.
It is divided into a large diameter portion 32d connected to 2b.

At the tip of the small diameter portion 32a, a male screw is screwed into a female screw formed on the second lens frame mounting ring 31. Therefore, the position of the second lens frame 32 can be adjusted in the axial direction by rotating with respect to the second lens frame mounting ring 31.

The external thread of the intermediate diameter portion 32b has a second thread.
A female screw formed on the inner surface of the lens frame fixing ring 33 is screwed. Therefore, the second lens frame fixing ring 33 is screwed into the male screw of the intermediate diameter portion 32b to form the second lens frame mounting ring 31.
Abuts the rear end of the second lens frame mounting ring 31.
The second lens frame 32 can be fixed to the second lens frame mounting ring 31 by engaging the male screw of the small diameter portion 32a with the female screw of the small diameter portion 32a.

An annular V-shaped groove is formed substantially at the center of the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 32d in the axial direction over the entire circumference.

Next, the third lens frame mounting ring 34 has a small-diameter portion 34a having an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the large-diameter portion 32d of the second lens frame 32, and a sufficiently large diameter than the small-diameter portion 34a. It is divided into a large diameter portion 34b having a large diameter.

The small-diameter portion 34a is rotatably fitted to the large-diameter portion 32d of the second lens frame 32, and the tip of the small-diameter portion 34a contacts the flange 32c. When the tip of the small diameter portion 34a is in contact with the flange 32c, a plurality of screw holes into which the set screws 41 are screwed are formed in the circumferential direction at positions overlapping the V-grooves of the second lens frame 32. . The set screw 41 is screwed into the screw hole of the small diameter portion 34a, and the tip of the screw enters the V groove of the second lens frame 32, so that the third lens frame mounting ring 34 is prevented from falling out of the second lens frame 32. Then, the set screw 41 is further screwed in, and the tip of the set screw 41 comes into contact with the inner surface of the V-shaped groove of the second lens frame 32, thereby preventing the third lens frame mounting ring 34 from rotating with respect to the second lens frame 32.

The above-described aperture stop 244 is fixed inside the large diameter portion 34b. This brightness aperture 2
An operating rod 244a extends from 44, and the operating rod 244a passes through the large-diameter portion 34b. Further, a female screw is formed near the rear end on the inner surface of the large diameter portion 34b.

Next, the third lens frame 35 has a substantially disk shape having an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of the large-diameter portion 34b of the third lens mounting frame 34. 243
Is held coaxially. On the outer peripheral surface of the third lens frame 35, a male screw screwed to the female screw of the large diameter portion 34b of the third lens mounting frame 34 is formed. Therefore, the third
The position of the lens frame 35 can be adjusted in the axial direction by rotating with respect to the third lens mounting frame 34.

The large-diameter portion 34 of the third lens mounting frame 34
Further, a male screw formed on the outer surface of the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is screwed into the female screw b from the outside of the third lens frame 35. Therefore, the third lens frame fixing ring 36
Is screwed into the female screw of the large-diameter portion 34b of the third lens mounting frame 34 to abut on the rear end of the third lens frame mounting ring 35, and the third lens frame 35 is screwed into the female screw of the third lens frame mounting ring 34. The third lens frame 35 can be fixed to the third lens frame mounting ring 34 by engaging the male screw of the third lens frame. (Assembly and Adjustment of Video Stereo Microscope) Next, the procedure of assembling and adjusting the stereo microscope 101 having the above-described configuration will be described. First, the assembling operator sets a pair of left and right zoom lens systems 22 outside the housing of the stereoscopic microscope 101.
The lenses 0, 230, the close-up lens system 210, and the illumination optical system 300 are individually incorporated in individually prepared lens barrels (not shown) to perform ball matching. Further, the respective lens barrels of the pair of left and right zoom lens systems 220 and 230 are adjusted so that their respective zoom magnifications are the same and their optical axes are parallel to each other.
Fix to a bracket (not shown).

Next, the assembling worker operates the pentaprisms 272 and 273 outside the housing of the stereo microscope 101.
The relay unit 1 is assembled as described above except for the rear lens barrels 7 and 8. Next, the assembly operator fixes the relay unit 1 on an XY table (not shown). At this time, the machining reference surface 22 of the reference frame 2
a is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the XY table. Then, the assembling operator adjusts the position of the XY table as appropriate so that the XY table is fixed to the base of the XY table so that the optical axis is perpendicular to the surface of the XY table. A processing reference plane 22a is put in a visual field of an optical microscope (not shown), and an angle A formed by the processing reference plane 22a with respect to a predetermined reference line is measured.

Next, the assembling operator adjusts the position of the XY table as appropriate to put one field stop 270 in the field of view. Then, by appropriately rotating the field stop frame 16 holding the field stop 270 with a minus driver, the opening is arranged on the side close to the other field stop 271 and the knife edge is set to a predetermined reference. It is directed in a direction shifted by 90 degrees from the angle A with respect to the line. Next, the other field stop 271 is put in the field of view of the optical microscope, and the rotation of the field stop frame 16 is adjusted in the same manner. Thus, the knife edges of the field frames 270 and 271 are perpendicular to the processing reference plane 22a and parallel to the knife edges of the other field stop 271.

Next, the assembling operator adjusts the position of the XY table as appropriate to bring the other field stop 271 into the field of view. Then, the field stop frame 16 holding the field stop 271 is appropriately rotated by a minus screwdriver, so that the aperture is set to the field stop 270.
And the knife edge is oriented in a direction shifted by 90 degrees from the angle A with respect to a predetermined reference line. As a result, the knife edge is moved to the machining reference plane 22.
perpendicular to a.

As described above, the field stops 270 and 271
When the angle adjustment is completed, the assembler fixes both the pentaprisms 272 and 273 and the rear barrels 7 and 8 to the relay unit 1. However, at this point, since the adjustment has not yet been performed, the fixing screw 40 is temporarily fixed so that the second lens frame mounting ring 31 can be adjusted with respect to the mount portion 22 and the decenter adjustment ring 30. Loosen the frame fixing ring 33 to remove the second lens frame 3
2 is rotatable with respect to the second lens frame mounting ring 31, and the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is loosened to release the third lens frame 35.
Are rotatable with respect to the third lens frame mounting ring 34, and each set screw 41 is loosened to release the third lens frame mounting ring 34.
Are rotatable with respect to the second lens frame 32.

Next, the assembling operator sets the both zoom optical systems 22
Each of the lens barrels 0 and 230 and the relay unit 1 are fixed in the housing of the binocular microscope 101, and the high-vision CCD camera 102 is attached to the binocular microscope 101. Then, this HDTV CCD camera 10
The left and right images are displayed on the monitor 114 that has received the high definition signal from the monitor 2. At this time, however, as shown in FIG. 19, the image circles (secondary images) formed by the respective relay lens systems 240 and 250 are arranged right and left along the horizontal line of the CCD 116 within the plane including the imaging plane of the CCD 116. Not necessarily. Further, the size of each image circle is not always equal, and the directions thereof are not necessarily uniform. Therefore, both field stops 270, 2
Knife edge 270 of 71 images 270 ′ and 271 ′
a ′ and 271a ′ are not necessarily parallel to each other, nor do they necessarily match each other.

Therefore, the assembling operator first rotates the respective prism rotating tables 12 and 13 so that the images 270 ′ and 2 of the field stops 270 and 271 are rotated as shown in FIG.
The directions of the knife edges 270 a ′ and 271 a ′ of the 71 ′ are changed in the vertical direction (ie, C
(Vertical line direction of CD 116). That is, when each of the prism rotating bases 12 and 13 is rotated, each of the pentaprisms 272 and 273 rotates about the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3, so that the exit optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 also move the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. Swung as the center. At the same time, the reflection positions of the light beams offset from the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 on the first reflection surfaces 272b and 273b rotate around the reflection positions of the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. The passing position of the light beam after reflection at 273c rotates around the emission optical axes Ax4 and Ax5. Therefore, the images 270 'and 271' of the field stops 270 and 271 formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 further rotate around the emission optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 which are swung as described above. At this point, the assembler adjusts the rotational positions of the two prism rotating tables 12 and 13 as appropriate, irrespective of the positions of the left and right images 270 'and 271', thereby obtaining the knife edge images 270a 'and 27.
The direction of 1a 'is aligned with the up and down direction on the screen of the monitor 114 (that is, the vertical line direction of the CCD 116), thereby making the images 270a' and 271a 'of both knife edges parallel to each other. When the rotation adjustment of the pentaprisms 272 and 273 is completed, the assembling operator fixes the prism rotating tables 12 and 13 by screwing the set screws 14.

Next, the assembling worker releases the third third lens frame 35.
Are appropriately rotated with respect to the third lens mounting frame 34, respectively.
By moving the third lens groups 243 and 253 in the optical axis direction, the images 270 ′ and 27 of the two field frames 270 and 271 are moved.
The focus state of the 1 ′ CCD 116 is adjusted. As a result, these images 270 ′ and 27 are displayed on the monitor 114.
1 'is clearly displayed.

Next, the assembling worker checks each rear lens barrel 7 (8).
By rotating the second lens frame 32 of the second lens group 242 (252) and the third lens group 243 (25
3) is simultaneously moved in the optical axis direction, and the first lens 241 is moved.
(251) and the combined focal length of the second lens group 242 (252), that is, the magnification of the relay optical system 240 (250) is matched with each other. When the rotation of the second lens frame 32 is completed, the assembling operator starts the third lens mounting frame 3.
4 is rotated with respect to the second lens frame 32, and the rotational position (that is, the direction of the operating rod 244a) is returned to the original position. Then, the third lens frame 35 is appropriately rotated with respect to the third lens mounting frame 34, and the third lens group 243 (253) is moved in the optical axis direction, so that the image 270′c (271 ′) is obtained.
c) The focus state of the CCD 116 is readjusted.
Then, the assembler fixes the second lens frame 32 to the second lens mounting ring 31 by tightening the second lens frame fixing ring 33, and tightens each set screw 41 to mount the third lens frame. The ring 34 is fixed to the second lens frame 32, and the third lens frame fixing ring 36 is tightened to fix the third lens frame 35 to the third lens mounting ring 34.

Next, the assembling operator operates the two zoom optical systems 22.
Autocollimators are arranged in front of the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 of 0 and 230, respectively, and their target images are projected toward the zoom optical systems 220 and 230. However, at this time, since the flange back of each of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 does not always coincide with the position of each of the field stops 270 and 271, the focus of the target image captured by the CCD 116 and displayed on the monitor 114 is focused. Do not always match. Therefore, the assembling operator moves the lens barrels of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 forward and backward with respect to the bracket (not shown), and forms the primary image of the target on the same plane as the field stops 270 and 271. Statue,
The secondary image is formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 116. Thus, the flange back of the zoom optical systems 220 and 230 is adjusted.

At this time, the center of each target image formed on the CCD 116 is
The positions of the exit optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 from 2,273 are shown. The positions of the emission optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 can be adjusted by moving the second lens groups 242 and 252 in a direction orthogonal to the optical axes. Then, the assembling operator sets each decenter adjustment set screw 3 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 of one rear barrel 7.
By moving the second lens frame mounting ring 31 appropriately in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis by moving the second lens frame 38 forward and backward, a target image (secondary image) formed by the relay optical system 240 in the rear barrel 7 is formed. The center of the image is matched with the center of the left imaging area on the imaging surface of the CCD 116 (that is, the center of the left half of the monitor 114). Similarly, the other rear barrel 8
The decenter adjustment set screws 38, 38 screwed into the decenter adjustment ring 30 are moved forward and backward, and the second lens frame mounting ring 31 is appropriately moved in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis, thereby obtaining the rear barrel 8 The center of the target image (secondary image) formed by the relay optical system 250 in the
The center of the imaging area on the right side of the imaging plane 116 (that is,
(The center of the right half of the monitor 114).

By the above adjustment, both penta prisms 27
The emission optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 from 2,273 are parallel to each other. Then, the assembling worker checks each fixing screw 40.
To fix the second lens frame fixing rings 31 of the rear lens barrels 7 and 8 to the mount portion 22.

Next, the assembling worker checks each guide pin 10,
11 is appropriately rotated to move each of the field stop holders 3 and 4 to a predetermined position.
The images 270a 'and 271a' of the knife edge of the
D116 (the monitor 1)
14). Then, a part of the image circle formed at the position of each of the field stops 270 and 271 is changed to the knife edge 27 of each of the field stops 270 and 271.
0b and 271b. The image partially shielded in this way is transmitted to each of the relay lens systems 240 and 250.
Is re-imaged on the imaging surface of the CCD 116. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 21, on the CCD 116, the left and right images 270 'and 271' are arranged side by side without overlapping each other.

Finally, the assembling worker installs the lens barrel of the close-up optical system 210 in the housing of the binocular microscope 101. Thus, the binocular microscope 101 is completed. (Operation of the Embodiment) According to the video stereo microscope of the present embodiment configured as described above, each pentaprism 27
2 and 273 are fixed on the prism rotating tables 12 and 13 that rotate about the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 in a plane orthogonal to the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3. After fixing the pentagonal prisms 2 to the pentagonal bases 21, even after fixing the pentagonal prisms 2 to the
The relative rotation angles of 72 and 273 can be adjusted normally. Therefore, even if the directions of the left and right images (secondary images) are deviated on the imaging surface of the CCD 16, the directions can be adjusted to be parallel to each other. If the pentaprisms 272 and 273 themselves have a shape error or the incident optical axes Ax2 and Ax3 are not parallel, etc., the pentaprism 2 is adjusted when the left and right image directions are adjusted.
The directions of the exit optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 of the 72 and 273 may not be parallel. Even in such a case, according to the video stereo microscope of the present embodiment, the decenter adjustment ring 30
By offsetting the second lens attachment frame 31, the two emission optical axes Ax4 and Ax5 can be adjusted to be parallel to each other.

[0097]

As described above, according to the video stereoscopic microscope of the present invention, the orientation of the pentaprism can be adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis incident on each pentaprism, so that the imaging apparatus can be used. The directions of the left and right images of the observation target object, which are respectively formed on the imaging planes, can be aligned in parallel.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a surgery support system incorporating a video stereo microscope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an optical configuration diagram schematically showing an optical configuration in a video stereo microscope.

FIG. 3 is an optical configuration diagram schematically showing an optical configuration of a video stereoscopic viewer.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an LCD panel.

FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of a stereo microscope.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the overall configuration of the microscope optical system.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing the entire configuration of the microscope optical system.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the overall configuration of a microscope optical system.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the relay unit seen from obliquely forward and upward.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the relay unit viewed obliquely from below and forward.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the relay unit along the optical axes Ax2 and Ax4.

FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the relay unit showing a longitudinal section including the optical axes Ax2 and Ax3.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the reference frame as viewed obliquely from above from behind.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of a reference frame.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view along a central axis of a prism rotating table and a pentaprism.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a prism turntable.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a prism turntable and a pentaprism.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of an image of a field stop on an imaging surface before adjustment.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of an image of a field stop on an imaging surface after rotation adjustment of a pentaprism.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of an image of a field stop on an imaging surface after decenter adjustment of a relay optical system and adjustment of a knife edge position of the field stop.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Reference frame 5, 6 Front lens barrel 7, 8 Rear lens barrel 12, 13 Prism rotating base 12b, 13b Through hole 21 Penta base 21a Through hole 22 Mounting part 30 Decenter adjustment ring 31 Second lens mounting ring 32 Second lens Frame 34 Third lens mounting ring 35 Third lens frame 200 Shooting optical system 220, 230 Zoom optical system 240, 250 Relay optical system 241, 251 First lens group 242, 252 Second lens group 243, 253 Third lens group 272 , 273 Penta prism

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H04N 5/225 G02B 7/18 A F term (Reference) 2H043 BA00 2H052 AA13 AB05 AB11 AB19 AB21 AB27 AC04 AC26 AD29 AD35 AD36 AF13 AF14 5C022 AA08 AB68 AC01 AC08 AC42 AC54 AC69 5C061 AA29 AB02 AB03 AB08 AB12 AB14 AB16 AB18

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A primary image of the same object is formed once by a pair of photographing optical systems arranged at a predetermined base line distance from each other, and then divided in the direction of the base line length on an imaging surface of an imaging apparatus. A video stereomicroscope that simultaneously relays these secondary images to the two areas while relaying them as secondary images to the two regions, and is fixed to the imaging device and the pair of photographing optical systems. A frame, a pair of reflecting members for deflecting the optical axis of each photographing optical system at right angles, and holding these respective reflecting members, in a manner rotatable about the optical axis of each photographing optical system entering each reflecting member. And a pair of turntables attached to the frame. 2. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein the rotary table has a through hole through which an optical axis of the photographing optical system that enters the reflecting member passes. 3. The frame has a space through which an optical axis of the photographing optical system that enters the reflection member passes, and the turntable has a cylindrical shape and holds the reflection member at an end surface thereof. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the optical axis is rotatably attached to the frame around the optical axis passing through the space of the frame.
The video stereo microscope described. 4. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein said reflecting member has two reflecting surfaces for sequentially deflecting an optical axis of said photographing optical system. 5. A pentaprism having a reflecting member having an incident end face and an emitting end face, and having two reflecting surfaces for sequentially reflecting light incident from the incident end face and emitting the light from the emitting end face. The video stereo microscope according to claim 4, wherein 6. A video stereo microscope according to claim 5, wherein said turntable holds said reflection member with its incident surface orthogonal to said optical axis. 7. Each of the photographing optical systems includes an objective optical system that forms the primary image, and a relay optical system that relays the primary image as a secondary image. 3. The video stereo microscope according to claim 1, wherein the video stereo microscope is disposed in the camera. 8. A first positive lens group and a movable positive lens group, wherein each of the relay optical systems is a fixed positive lens group whose overall object focal position substantially coincides with an image forming plane of a primary image formed by each photographing optical system. A second group that is a lens group; and a third group that is a movable positive lens group that converges parallel light emitted from the second group on the imaging surface. 8. The video stereo microscope according to claim 7, wherein the stereo microscope is disposed between the first group and the second group. 9. A first mounting ring attached to the frame so as to be shiftable in a plane direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the frame, holding the second group, and an optical axis with respect to the first mounting ring. A second lens barrel fitted to be able to move forward and backward in the direction; a second mounting ring integral with the second lens barrel; holding the third lens group; A third lens barrel fitted so as to be able to move back and forth in the axial direction,
The video stereo microscope according to claim 8, further comprising: 10. The video stereoscopic microscope according to claim 8, further comprising a first lens barrel holding the first lens group and fixed to the turntable.