JP2001065959A - Control method for energy supplying instrument and device for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the efficiency of energy in the whole of a system by a method wherein the timing of starting or stopping of various kinds of energy supplying instruments or the distribution of a load are controlled from the estimation of an energy consumption pattern in one day so as to minimize the energy consumption. SOLUTION: An energy consumption pattern in one day is estimated by an energy consumption pattern estimating instrument 12. Next, the operation pattern is respective energy supplying instrument is determined from data in a memory device 13. Subsequently, the load pattern of a hot-water absorption type water cooling machine 10 is determined. Then, a first boiler 1 is started at first in accordance with the load fluctuation of an air conditioner. Thereafter, a second boiler 1 is started. In this case, the load of the second boiler 1 is operated whether the load is required to be 100% or not in the estimated air conditioning load pattern while the starting time of the second boiler 1 is operated employing the stored data of load fluctuation characteristics of the boiler 1 so that the second boiler 1 can be started at the optimum starting time.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control device and a control method for a plurality of energy supply facilities such as private power generators and air conditioners, and more particularly to a control device and a control method for reducing energy supply loss.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 show outlines of energy supply equipment used in conventional buildings and public facilities. The energy supply equipment shown in FIG. 9 generates steam 2 using a steam boiler 1, generates chilled water 9 with an absorption chiller 3 using the heat of the steam 2, and sends it to each indoor unit 4 that is an energy consuming device. is there. In the indoor unit 4, cold air is generated by the heat exchanger and sent to the room. Each indoor unit 4 is provided with a circuit for individually controlling the amount of chilled water and the amount of air blown to each unit 4, and the cooling load is adjusted according to the indoor conditions.

During indoor cooling, the difference between the temperature of the chilled water 9 sent from the absorption chiller 3 and the temperature of the chilled water 9 returned from the indoor unit 4 is monitored, and the load is adjusted so that this temperature difference becomes constant. Has been adjusted. When heating the room, the steam 2 generated by the steam boiler 1 is sent to the steam-hot water heat exchanger 5 to generate hot water 8 and send it to each indoor unit 4. As in the case of the cold water 9, warm air is generated by the heat exchanger of each indoor unit 4 and sent out indoors. Also in this case, the temperature of the hot water 8 sent out from the steam-hot water heat exchanger 5 and the temperature of the hot water 8 returning to the steam-hot water heat exchanger 5 are controlled to be constant.

[0004] In the case of a relatively large-scale facility, a method of circulating cold and hot water in this way is common. The reason for this is that compared to the case where hot and cold air is conveyed by ducts, it takes up less space and individual control is easier.

[0005] The energy supply equipment shown in FIG. 10 is a generator 6, which produces electricity 7 and uses it for power load devices such as lighting, power, office equipment, and the like. Further, the equipment of FIG. 10 includes steam 2 and hot water 8 generated when the generator 6 operates.
This is an example in which an air conditioner (hot water absorption type water chiller 10) and the like are operated by using. In the example of FIG. 10, the generator 6 is of a gas engine type, but may be a gas turbine, a diesel engine, or the like. In general, power generation alone results in a higher unit price of electric power than commercial power, and thus the energy use efficiency is improved by using generated steam or hot water.

Here, an example is shown in which a steam absorption chiller 3 and a hot water absorption chiller 10 are used for air conditioning equipment. Since the amount of power generation and the amount of waste heat generation cannot be individually controlled, the control is based on either the amount of power generation or the air conditioning load. Therefore, in many cases, the operation period is limited or waste heat is not used. When the power load cannot be covered by the power generation amount of the generator 6 alone, the power is purchased from the outside.

The example shown in FIG. 11 is a case of a relatively large-scale energy supply facility, but is a case where a plurality of devices such as a steam generator boiler 1 and a generator such as a gas engine generator 6 are installed. is there. By having multiple devices,
For various energy demands, optimal operation in terms of cost becomes possible, and waste of energy can be reduced. However, there is a problem that the initial investment is large and the operation rate of each device is low.

[0008]

In the energy supply equipment of the above-mentioned system, there is a problem that the load following ability on the supply side is poor with respect to the load change on the energy consuming side, and the energy loss increases. .

For example, FIG. 12 shows the fluctuation of the air-conditioning load in a facility where energy consuming equipment is installed in one day. The solid line indicates the demand side (total load of each indoor unit). The load increases after 8 o'clock in the morning and temporarily stabilizes, slightly increases after noon, and decreases sharply around 4 o'clock in the evening. On the other hand, the side that supplies energy (in this case, chilled water) uses three steam generating boilers 1 and one absorption chiller 3.

When the load is low, one steam generating boiler 1 is operated, and when the required load exceeds a certain position, the second steam generating boiler 1 is started. However, since it takes time to start the steam generating boiler 1, sufficient heat cannot be supplied to a required load (portion A in the figure). In addition, when the second boiler 1 enters the steady operation because the rapid load change command is sent to the boiler 1 because of the energy shortage state, the energy is conversely left. Energy loss occurs (part B in the figure).

Also, as shown in FIG. 12, the third boiler 1 is started just after noon because the air conditioning load exceeds the set value of whether to start the third boiler just after noon. Immediately because the air-conditioning load has been reduced, the operation has been stopped. In this case, as described above, it takes a long time to start up, so that sufficient heat energy cannot be supplied,
Further, excessive supply is performed in a state where the demand load is reduced, and a large amount of energy is lost (a portion C in the figure).

Such an example is remarkable in a large-scale facility. Specific facilities include a general hospital, a hotel with an event hall, and a large shopping center.

Further, as equipment for supplying energy,
In the case of using a facility in which the number of energy supply sources is multiplied or diversified, such as a cogeneration system, energy loss that occurs because a change in load pattern on the energy consuming side cannot be followed is a serious problem.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the amount of energy lost in a large building or public facility due to the inability to follow the load change on the energy consuming side, reduce the energy amount of the entire system, and reduce the energy efficiency of the entire system. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of controlling an energy supply device and a device therefor, which improve the efficiency.

[0015]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to predict a daily energy consumption pattern, and to start and stop various energy supply devices so as to minimize energy consumption based on the prediction. Alternatively, it can be achieved by controlling the load distribution of a plurality of energy supply devices to reduce energy loss due to load fluctuation.

The present invention relates to an air conditioner, a humidifier, a lighting device,
The use schedule of the equipment in which the plurality of energy consuming devices including the power devices are installed, the calendar information including the date, the day of the week, and the time, and the temperature and humidity of the external environment of the equipment in which the energy consuming device is installed. External environmental information,
Based on data that predicts changes in the external environment of equipment where energy consuming equipment is installed, including weather forecasts, and past energy consumption patterns of equipment where energy consuming equipment is installed, steam generators and generators Predicting a temporal variation pattern of energy consumption in the plurality of energy consuming devices driven by receiving energy supply from energy supplying devices including a cold water generator and a hot water generator, and predicting the predicted pattern and each energy supply A control method of an energy supply device that controls an operation pattern of the energy supply device based on data that stores load fluctuation characteristics of the device, and an apparatus for performing the method.

[0017]

According to the present invention, data of date, day of week, time, outside temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, nearby weather forecast, schedule of each energy supply destination (participants, etc.), and past energy consumption pattern are input to the data input device. Various data such as are input.

For example, in a general hospital, the air conditioning load in the waiting room changes depending on the number of outpatients. The number of patients varies depending on the day of the week and also varies depending on the weather. In a hotel having an event venue or the like, the amount of electricity consumed, the air-conditioning load, and the like vary greatly depending on the time and number of people using the event facility. The various data are required in order to predict in advance the fluctuation pattern of the energy consumption caused by these. Based on the information, the load pattern predictor predicts the load pattern of the day.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the predicted load pattern. The example shown in FIG. 3 is shown as an example in which the pattern of FIG. 12 is predicted for comparison with the example shown in FIG. Based on the predicted pattern (thick solid line), each boiler is started and stopped as shown in FIG. in this case,
Since it is possible to predict how much energy will be consumed several minutes ahead of the present, the boiler can be started in advance in accordance with the demand. For example, in the part where the second boiler is started, it is known in advance that the air conditioning load for the second unit is required several minutes in advance, so the second boiler is started to meet the demand. ing.

At this time, the load pattern of the heat supply amount due to the start of the boiler is stored in advance, and the timing for starting the boiler is determined according to the pattern. As a result, there is no shortage of energy supply,
The short reaction will not leave too much energy. Further, according to the conventional method, even in a situation where the third unit is started because the load on the consuming side exceeds the set value, if it is known that the demand for energy is immediately lost, the useless start-up of the boiler is stopped. Control can be performed, and energy loss can be reduced.

Incidentally, as far as prediction is concerned, the predicted pattern naturally deviates from the actual load. Therefore, it is necessary to always compare the predicted pattern with the actual load demanded by the demand side, check the difference, and correct the previous predicted pattern. Therefore, the predicted pattern is corrected based on the actual supply energy amount of each energy supply device and the predicted value, and the operation pattern of each energy supply device is corrected based on the corrected value, and the result is output to each output device. The corresponding control value is sent to each output device.

[0022]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The example shown in FIG. 1 is a general hospital energy supply system (steam boiler, gas engine generator,
The present invention is applied to an absorption type water cooler, a water heater, a cold / hot water circulation pump, and the like.

The general hospital provided with the system of FIG.
The first-floor part, which mainly examines outpatients, and the sickroom part (3-1)
(0th floor). On the first floor there is a hall for outpatients. The boiler 1 is provided with three units using heavy oil as fuel and having a steam generation amount of 4 t / h.
Also, one steam absorption chiller 3 (300 USRT) that generates chilled water using steam 2 generated from the boiler 1 is installed. In order to make hot water 8 in winter, one steam-hot water heat exchanger 5 (1800000 kcal / h) is installed. The output of the gas engine generator 6 is 310 k.
w is installed. Gas engine generator 6
In order to use the hot water 8 generated from the air conditioner for air conditioning, one hot water absorption chiller 3 (100 USRT) is installed.
The capacity of the indoor unit 4 (such as a fan coil unit) in each room varies depending on the size and use, but a total of 30
About 0 units are installed.

The system shown in FIG. 1 is obtained by installing the energy control device 100 according to the present invention on the conventional energy supply system shown in FIG. The energy control device 100 includes a data input device 11, an energy consumption pattern predictor 12, a storage device 13 storing load variation characteristics of each energy supply system, a controller 15, and a monitoring device 14.
And a correction device 16.

FIG. 2 shows the operation procedure of the control system according to the present invention. First, various data are taken in the data collection unit as follows. That is, in the outside air information, the signals of the thermometer 17, the hygrometer 18, and the barometer 19 installed outdoors are digitized and input to the data input device 11.
Next, the current date, day of the week, and time are counted by the calendar function 20 and input to the data input device 11. As the weather forecast information 21, a nearby weather forecast (precipitation probability by time zone, etc.) is digitized and taken in. Outpatient appointment device 2 that takes in the number of outpatient reservations as outpatient reservation information
2 (preferably connected to an existing outpatient reservation device). Next, a hospital room usage ratio and the like are captured as the number of hospitalized patients 23, and a scheduled use (schedule) 24 of equipment that consumes a large amount of energy such as surgery is captured.

In the case of the system shown in FIG. 1, the two pieces of information, ie, the outpatient reservation information and the number of inpatients, take in the information in the system computer which controls the information in the hospital. These input data are also input to the data storage device 13 at the same time, and are recorded together with the actual energy consumption pattern of the day.

Next, the energy consumption pattern predictor 12
Then, the input data from the data input device 11 is compared with past energy consumption patterns stored in the predictor 12 in advance, and a daily energy consumption pattern is predicted.

The prediction of the energy consumption pattern is performed as follows. First, data such as the number of outpatient reservations and date entered, day of the week, weather forecast, outside air information, number of inpatients,
Search for the closest data from past data. The result of the energy consumption pattern for one day on the day of the data closest to the current data extracted by the search is set as the energy consumption pattern for today.

Next, today's scheduled use data of the device that consumes a large amount of energy is compared with the scheduled use data of the device that consumes a large amount of energy on the day extracted from the past data. Based on the difference, correct the predicted energy consumption pattern.

As an example, the predicted power consumption pattern, air temperature control (cold / hot water) consumption pattern, and steam consumption pattern are shown in FIG.
Shown in This prediction pattern greatly varies depending on the season, the day of the week, or the like, but the present system can cope with any pattern.

Next, an operation pattern of each energy supply device is determined by the pattern prediction device 12 based on each predicted pattern and data in the storage device 13 storing the load fluctuation characteristics of each energy supply device.

The operation pattern of each energy supply device is determined as follows. First, the load pattern of the gas engine generator 6 is determined based on the power load pattern predicted by the pattern predictor 12 (upper graph in FIG. 4).
In the case of this example, between 8:00 and 20:00, there is an electric load larger than the capacity of the gas engine generator 6, so that
Operation at 0% load will be performed.

Next, the load pattern of the hot water absorption chiller 10 using the hot water generated by the gas engine generator 6 as a heat source is determined. In the case of this example, since the cooling load exceeding the capacity of the hot water absorption chiller 10 is predicted, the load of the hot water absorption chiller 10 is planned to be operated at 100% load from 8:00 to 20:00.

Next, the operation pattern of the boiler 1 is determined in order to satisfy the air conditioning load and the steam load, which are insufficient with the hot water absorption type water chiller 10 alone. The air conditioning load starts rising from 8:00 and peaks from 10:00 to 13:00. Therefore, the first boiler 1 is first started in accordance with the load fluctuation. Thereafter, the second boiler 1 is started from about 10:00. At this time, in the predicted air conditioning load pattern, it is calculated at what time and when the load of the second boiler 1 needs to be set to 100%, and the load fluctuation characteristics of the boiler 1 can be started at that time. Is used to calculate the startup time of the second boiler 1.

Since it is predicted that the air-conditioning load will decrease after noon, the load pattern of the second boiler 1 is determined in accordance with this pattern. Since the amount of chilled water is changed by the steam absorption chiller 3 after changing the operating condition of the boiler 1 and there is a time delay until the boiler 1 reaches the indoor unit 4, the load fluctuation characteristics are predicted in advance. , The load pattern is determined.

FIG. 5 shows the operation pattern of each device determined by such a method. In this example, the allocation of the equipment to be used is determined so as to minimize the cost, but it is also possible to control the minimum CO emission. A control signal is transmitted from the controller 15 to each device based on the operation pattern.

The above is a series of procedures, and this operation is repeated at regular intervals. Next, an example in which a deviation occurs in prediction will be described.

FIG. 6 shows the initial forecast at 15:00 from noon.
Rainfall probability is 80%, and the air conditioning load from daytime was predicted to be lower (thin solid line), but in actuality, it did not rain and the air conditioning load was more than expected (dashed line) This is an example. In this system, at regular intervals, a comparison between an expected pattern and an actual pattern is performed by the comparator 14, and the difference is quantified by the correction device 16.
Then, when the difference becomes equal to or more than a certain value, a command to review the load pattern again is sent to the pattern predictor 12. In the case shown in FIG. 6, the predicted load pattern was corrected as indicated by the thick solid line in the figure because the probability of precipitation was reduced based on the information on the temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure of the outside air before noon and new weather forecast information. did.

By introducing the system according to the invention, the energy consumption loss has been reduced and the cost spent on annual energy consumption has been reduced by 5%.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention for introducing the present invention to a large-scale hotel having an event venue. In the figure, the same devices as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In large-scale hotels, energy consumption at events at event venues, air conditioning in halls, and hot water supply (bathrooms) at accommodation facilities is a variable factor. Therefore, the data input device 11 includes a thermometer 17 and a hygrometer 1 installed outdoors.
8. A device that captures the signal of the barometer 19, date, day of the week,
A calendar function 20 for counting time, a device 21 for digitizing and taking in a nearby weather forecast (precipitation probability for each time zone, etc.), a device 25 for taking the number of reservations of a guest (connection with an existing guest reservation device). And a device 26 for taking in a use schedule (schedule) of the event venue.

FIG. 8 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a case where a device 28 using natural energy, such as a solar power generator, a wind power generator, or a solar heater, is included as a part of the energy supply system. Is shown. Also in this case, the same devices as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the equipment 28 using natural energy, the amount of energy supply fluctuates due to weather and the like. Therefore,
In order to keep the total energy supply constant, it is necessary to change the load of other devices. However, in large-scale energy supply systems, rapid load fluctuations cause energy loss. In the example of FIG. 8, a predictor 2 that predicts an energy generation amount pattern in the system shown in FIG.
9 has been newly added, and wind power,
A device 27 for taking in sunlight intensity signals and a device 13 for recording past energy generation patterns are provided.

The energy generation amount pattern predictor 29 searches the past data for data closest to the current calendar information and weather information data, and extracts the energy generation pattern of the day closest to the extracted current data to today's energy. This is the generation amount pattern.

The controller 15 performs a start / stop pattern, load distribution, and the like of each device based on the predicted values of the energy generation pattern and the energy consumption pattern of the natural energy, and controls the energy loss due to the load fluctuation to a minimum. .

[0046]

According to the present invention, the load fluctuation on the energy consuming side can be predicted in advance, and the energy production system can always be operated in an optimum state for the required load, so that the energy loss is greatly reduced. Can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of an energy supply system of a general hospital according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a flow of control of the energy supply system of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a graph of a daily fluctuation of an air conditioning load by the energy supply system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows each energy load prediction pattern calculated based on the energy supply system of FIG.

5 shows an operation pattern of each energy luxury device calculated based on the energy supply system of FIG.

FIG. 6 shows a predicted pattern of an air conditioning load corrected based on the energy supply system of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a large-scale hotel energy supply system having an event venue according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram including a device that uses natural energy, such as a solar power generator, a wind power generator, or a solar warmer, according to an embodiment of the present invention as a part of an energy supply system.

FIG. 9 shows a configuration diagram of a conventional energy supply system.

FIG. 10 shows a configuration diagram of a conventional energy supply system.

FIG. 11 shows a configuration diagram of a conventional energy supply system.

FIG. 12 shows a graph of the fluctuation of the air conditioning load per day by the energy supply system of the prior art.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Boiler 2 Steam 3 Steam absorption chiller 4 Indoor unit 5 Steam-hot water heat exchanger 6 Gas engine generator 7 Electricity 8 Hot water 9 Cold water 10 Hot water absorption chiller 11 Data input device 12 Pattern predictor 13 Data storage 14 Monitoring device 15 Controller 16 Correction device 17 Thermometer 18 Hygrometer 19 Barometer 20 Calendar function 21 Weather forecast 22 Outpatient reservation device 23 Number of hospitalized patients 24 Medical equipment schedule 25 Accommodation reservation device 26 Venue schedule 27 Airflow meter / sunlight intensity Total 28 Natural use equipment 29 Energy generation amount pattern predictor 100 Energy control device

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A use schedule of a facility in which a plurality of energy consuming devices including a cooling / heating device, a humidifier, a lighting device, and a power device are installed, calendar information including a date, a day of the week, and time; External environment information including the temperature and humidity of the external environment of the installed equipment, data for forecasting changes in the external environment of the equipment where the energy consuming equipment is installed including weather forecasts, and Based on the past energy consumption pattern of a certain facility, the energy in the plurality of energy consuming devices driven by receiving the supply of energy from energy supply devices including a steam generator, a generator, a cold water generator, and a hot water generator It predicts patterns of temporal fluctuations in consumption, and based on the predicted patterns and data storing the load fluctuation characteristics of each energy supply device. Come, the control method of the energy supply device and controlling the operation pattern of the energy supply device. 2. Monitoring a difference between an actual temporal variation pattern of energy consumption and a predicted temporal variation pattern of energy consumption in each energy consuming device, and calculating a predicted pattern from a difference between the predicted pattern and the actual pattern. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correction is performed so as to match an actual pattern. 3. A use schedule of a facility in which a plurality of energy consuming devices including a cooling / heating machine, a humidifier, a lighting device, and a power device are installed, calendar information including a date, a day of the week, and time; External environment information including the temperature and humidity of the external environment of the installed equipment, data for forecasting changes in the external environment of the equipment where the energy consuming equipment is installed including weather forecasts, and Based on the past energy consumption pattern of a facility and the energy generation pattern from natural energy use, steam generators, generators, cold water generators, hot water generators and solar power generators, wind power generators, solar heaters The plurality of energy sources driven by receiving energy supply from energy supply devices including energy supply devices utilizing natural energy such as -Predict the temporal fluctuation pattern of energy consumption in the consumer equipment and the temporal fluctuation of energy generation due to the use of natural energy, and perform the prediction based on the predicted pattern and data that stores the load fluctuation characteristics of each energy supply equipment. A method for controlling an energy supply device, comprising controlling an operation pattern of the energy supply device based on the value. 4. A plurality of energy supply devices including a steam generator, a generator, a cold water generator, and a hot water generator,
(B) a plurality of energy consuming devices including a cooling / heating device, a humidifier, a lighting device, and a power device driven by receiving the supply of energy from the plurality of energy supplying devices; and (c) counting a date, a day of the week, and a time. (D) a device that receives the state of the external environment including a thermometer and a hygrometer installed outside the facility where the energy consuming device is installed, and (e) a weather forecast. A device that receives data that predicts a change in the external environment of the facility where the energy consuming device is installed, and (f) a device that inputs a use schedule of the facility where the energy consuming device is installed.
(G) a data input device for inputting data from the devices (c) to (f), (h) a data storage device for storing past energy consumption patterns of each energy consuming device, and (i) the data A pattern prediction device for predicting a temporal change in energy consumption of each energy consuming device by comparing input data obtained from an input device with past data obtained from the data storage device; and (j) each of the energy supply devices A storage device that stores load fluctuation characteristics of the devices, (k) a control device that controls an operation pattern of each energy supply device based on the pattern predicted by the pattern prediction device and the load fluctuation characteristic value of the storage device of (j). A control device for an energy supply device, comprising: 5. A monitoring device for monitoring a difference between a pattern of an actual time variation of energy consumption in each energy consuming device and a predicted pattern of energy consumption obtained by the pattern predicting device, and The control device for an energy supply device according to claim 4, further comprising a correction device that corrects the predicted pattern from the difference. 6. A plurality of energy supply devices including a natural energy source such as a steam generator, a generator, a cold water generator, a hot water generator, a solar power generator, a wind power generator, and a solar heater. An energy supply device; (b) a plurality of energy consuming devices including a cooling / heating device, a humidifier, a lighting device, and a power device driven by receiving supply of energy from the plurality of energy supply devices; A device having a calendar function for counting days and times, and (d)
A device that receives the state of the external environment including a thermometer and a hygrometer installed outside the facility where the energy consuming device is installed, and (e) the external environment of the facility where the energy consuming device including the weather forecast is installed , A device for inputting the use schedule of the equipment in which each energy consuming device is installed, and (g) data from the devices (c) to (f). (H) a data storage device for storing an energy consumption pattern of each energy consuming device in the past and an energy generation pattern using natural energy.
The input data obtained from the data input device and the past data obtained from the data storage device are compared to predict a temporal change in energy consumption of each energy consuming device, and the amount of energy generated by natural energy utilization is estimated. A pattern prediction device for predicting a temporal variation, (j) a storage device storing load variation characteristics of the energy supply devices, and (k) a pattern predicted by the pattern prediction device and a load of the storage device of (j). A control device for controlling an operation pattern of each energy supply device based on the fluctuation characteristic value.