JP2001060213A - Method for evaluating temperature distribution of building by computer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To actualize a temperature distribution evaluating method for a building by a computer which can display temperature distributions in respective rooms in a walk-through by CG images. SOLUTION: When the insides of the respective rooms of the building are displayed as moving pictures or still pictures by using CG images generated by using a computer, the temperature distributions in the respective rooms are computed according to the structure and material of a partition member partitioning the respective rooms including a wall 21, a window 23, and a floor 22 and outside temperature. The temperature distributions are displayed on a display device attached to the computer to evaluate the temperature distributions of the building by the computer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device for displaying a temperature distribution in an arbitrary room by calculation when displaying a building such as a house as a CG image (image by computer graphics). The present invention relates to a method for evaluating a temperature distribution of a building by a computer which can be displayed on a computer, and a computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when building buildings such as houses,
Based on the above three-dimensional shape data, a three-dimensional shape data of a house which is to be constructed and whose design has been completed is created, and a workstation installed in a presentation room (display room) in a sales office of a building company is used. There has been proposed a display method in which a house is displayed as a CG image on an appropriate display device such as a screen (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H9-1997).
-106408). In that case, the building company can be displayed as a moving image on the display device by appropriately moving the viewpoint of the displayed building by the operator of the building company.

According to such a display method, a customer can perform on a CG image the same experience (so-called “walk-through”) that is similar to actually walking around inside and outside a house to be built. It is possible to extremely accurately examine whether the design of each part of the house is appropriate, and to appropriately change the design of the house based on the results of the walk-through. Therefore, compared to a case where a house is constructed only by presenting a design drawing to a customer, when a correction based on a walk-through with a CG image is performed,
Claims from customers, such as poor design or poor usability after building a house, are greatly reduced, which is beneficial to both building companies and customers.

[0004]

However, when designing a house, it is also important to plan a heating plan that can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature throughout the year. In this heating plan, it is necessary to have a structure having sufficient heat insulation properties on walls and floors, and it is also important to select an installation position of an air conditioner (hereinafter, referred to as an air conditioner) and a capacity of the air conditioner.

In view of the above, according to the present invention, when a house is displayed by a CG image, the above-mentioned thermal planning is performed,
The purpose of the present invention is to further enhance the content of the study work on the design of a house using CG images by enabling a cooling and heating plan including performance evaluation of an air conditioner.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating a temperature distribution of a building by a computer capable of displaying a temperature distribution in each room during a walk-through using a CG image. It is an object of the present invention to provide a recording medium on which a program for executing such a method is recorded. Therefore, the temperature distribution evaluation method for a building by a computer according to claim 1 of the present invention provides a method for displaying each room of a building as a moving image or a still image by using a CG image generated by using a computer. Or, based on the structure and material of the partition member that partitions the inside and outside of each room including the ceiling and the outside temperature, the temperature distribution in each room is obtained by calculation, and the temperature distribution is displayed on a display device attached to the computer. It is characterized by having made it.

In this case, it is also possible to obtain the temperature distribution in the room by taking into account the installation position of the cooling and heating equipment in the room and the direction of the air flow or the direction of heat radiation from the cooling and heating equipment.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating a temperature distribution of a building by using a computer, wherein the outline of each room is displayed on the display device as a CG image on the display device, and the temperature distribution in the room is calculated. It is characterized by displaying by color. Here, the color-coded display refers to, for example, displaying a high-temperature region with a warm color, a low-temperature region with a cool color, or displaying a high-temperature region and a low-temperature region in black and white with different shades. .

Instead of displaying the temperature distribution by color coding as described above, for example, the temperature in each region is displayed by using an isothermal line while the scene in each room is displayed on the display device as a CG image. May be indicated. Further, in the method according to claim 1 or 2, a temperature distribution in an arbitrary horizontal section or vertical section of each room may be displayed.

[0010] The recording medium according to claim 4 is the recording medium according to claim 1 or 2.
Is a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for executing the temperature distribution evaluation method is recorded.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the display room 1 is provided with pivotable doors 2 near two corners thereof, and is provided with a vertically movable blind 3 on a rear wall 3 (lower part in FIG. 2). While a vertically long window 4 having 4a is formed, a rectangular screen 5 is fitted in the wall 3 at the front (upper part in FIG. 2). This screen 5
For example, a large screen having a size of about 100 inches or more (the number of pixels is, for example, about 1280 × 1024 dots or more).

A projector 7 (projector) having, for example, three projection tubes 6 is installed near the ceiling of the wall 3 at the rear of the display room 1, and a projection image is projected from the projector 7 toward the screen 5. It has become so. Note that a separate projection chamber may be provided on the back side of the screen 5 to project from the back side of the screen 5.

In the display room 1, a plurality of chairs 8 and a table 9 for use by a customer K or the like who watches a CG image projected on a screen 5 are arranged. A display device 12 (CRT: Cathode Ray Tube or the like) of a workstation 11 (computer) for creating a CG image relating to a house to be built by a customer K and displaying the CG image on a screen 5, and a keyboard as an input device 13 and a mouse 14 are provided.

Below the auxiliary table 15 arranged near the corner of the display room 1, an arithmetic processing unit 16 constituting the main body of the workstation 11 is installed. 5 for appropriately printing an image displayed on the display 5
A scanner 18 for taking in an image is mounted on the workstation 11.

Although not specifically shown, the arithmetic processing unit 16 includes a control unit, an arithmetic unit, a storage unit, and the like. The arithmetic processing device 16 includes house data for creating three-dimensional shape data representing the house by creating a floor plan and the like representing floor plans and arrangements of equipment and the like of the house (building). A creation program P1, a CG image generation program P2 for describing each part of the house as a moving image or a still image based on the three-dimensional shape data as a CG image and performing a walk-through, and a desired room during the walk-through or the like. The temperature distribution evaluation program P3 for calculating and displaying the temperature distribution in the room while changing the structure of the walls, floors, ceilings, etc. (partition members) of the room as required is installed. .

The various partition members such as walls and floors have different structures (combinations of the constituent members, the thickness of the heat insulating material contained in the constituent members, etc.) and materials (materials of the respective constituent members, etc.). Are prepared, numerical data such as heat transmission resistance and solar absorptivity for each component (for example, a wall material or a heat insulating material) made of various materials are stored in the arithmetic processing unit 16, and various partition members are represented. Graphic data such as a sectional view or a perspective view is stored in the arithmetic processing unit 16.

In this case, also for the window glass, numerical data and the like are stored in advance in the arithmetic processing unit 16 for a plurality of types of glass having different solar radiation cut rates and heat transmission rates.
Hereinafter, when several types of glass are exemplified, for example, the heat insulating / insulating double glazing 20a shown in FIG. 3 has a heat insulating air layer E between the two sheets of glass G1 and G2 on the outdoor side and the indoor side. Five layers of a special metal film M made of silver and metal oxide are coated on the heat-insulating air layer E side of the glass G1 on the outdoor side so as to be able to reflect sunlight in summer.

Further, the high heat insulating double glass 20b shown in FIG.
Is the same as the above, two glass G1 on the outdoor side and the indoor side,
Insulating air layer E is provided between G2, and the same special metal film M as above is coated on the insulating glass layer E side of glass G2 on the indoor side in three layers to reflect indoor warm air in winter and to remove heat outside. It is configured not to escape. further,
In the conventional double glazing 20c shown in FIG. 5, only the heat insulating air layer E is provided between the two glasses G1 and G2. Although the cross-sectional structure is not shown, the single-pane glass 20d in Table 1 below is composed of only one glass.

Table 1 below shows various types of glasses 20a to 20d.
The results of measuring the solar radiation cut rate, the heat transmission rate, and the like are shown below, and such numerical data and the like are stored in the arithmetic processing unit 16.

[Table 1]

Further, the arithmetic processing unit 16 stores average data such as seasonal temperature, time zone, weather, etc., and statistical data such as solar radiation data and wind direction data for each region in Japan. Create a database of the outside temperature for each planned site.

The temperature distribution evaluation program P3 installed in the arithmetic processing unit 16 includes a procedure and a calculation formula for calculating the indoor temperature distribution based on the outside air temperature, the structure of each partition member, the material, and the like. And so on. Hereinafter, some of these formulas will be exemplified. As shown in FIG. 6, when there is a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the wall W (partition member), the temperature on the high temperature side is set to to [° C.], and the temperature on the low temperature side is set to ti [° C.].

The temperature in the wall at a distance x from the surface of the wall W is θx [° C.], the heat passing resistance is R1 [square meter / K / W], and the thermal resistance from the high-temperature side air to the point x is Rx.
[Square meter · K / W], the amount of heat passing through is qt, and the amount of heat flowing from the high-temperature side air to point x is qx.
= Qt, (to-ti) / Rt = (to-θx) / Rx Therefore, θx = to- (to-ti) Rx / Rt (1) The wall surface temperature θo is expressed as x = Rx is R
Since only so (heat transfer resistance of the wall surface), θo = to− (to−ti) Rso / Rt (2)

Next, heat transfer between a solid surface such as a wall surface and a fluid such as air will be considered. As shown in FIG. 7, between the solid surface and the main part of the fluid away from the solid surface,
A thin layer of fluid adheres to the solid surface called the boundary layer. Here, mainly considering heat transfer by radiation,
The heat transfer capacity q per unit area per unit time is represented by the following equation (3). q = α (t−θs) [W / square meter] (3) where t is the temperature of the fluid main part, θs is the solid surface temperature, and α
Is the heat transfer coefficient [W / m 2 · K].

The procedure for displaying a CG image in the display room 1 will be described below. As shown in FIG. 8, before the customer K visits the display room 1, the operator S of the building company sends a plan view of each floor of the house H of the customer K to be built to the workstation 1.
In the image display area A1 of the plan view creation screen G1 displayed on the first display device 12, a tool T (button, selection box, etc.) displayed in the right tool display area A2 is created.

Although the procedure for creating the plan view is not described in detail, the "room name" and "area" are designated using the tools T displayed in the tool display area A2, and the image display area is designated. The mouse 1 is used to position the "room"
The floor plan can be designed simply by designating with 4 or the like. In addition, "type" of "equipment" to be arranged in each room
The equipment can be arranged only by specifying the position to be arranged.

Since each room and equipment used in the above-described design are created in advance as three-dimensional shape data having a height dimension, only a plan view as shown in FIG. 8 is created for each floor of the house. Then, three-dimensional shape data of the house and the equipment are created, and processing such as coloring is performed on the three-dimensional shape data as necessary.

It is to be noted that, besides creating the three-dimensional shape data of the house on the workstation 11, the drawing data (three-dimensional shape data) of the house separately created by a CAD system or the like is taken into the workstation 11 and used. It may be. In addition, at the time of creating the three-dimensional shape data, the user clicks the planned construction site selection button B0, and inputs the planned construction site of the customer K to the arithmetic processing device 16.

The input of the planned construction site is carried out not only by a method of sequentially selecting the area name from the large administrative division name in the list display field C but also by a method of directly inputting an address or a zip code. You may. By inputting the planned construction site in this way, statistical data such as the outside air temperature at the planned construction site can be used at the time of evaluating the temperature distribution described later.

Hereinafter, a walk-through procedure performed when the customer K visits the display room 1 and a procedure for calculating and evaluating the temperature distribution in each room during the walk-through will be described. First, a procedure for performing a so-called walk-through by displaying the inside and outside of a house planned to be built by the customer K on the screen 5 as a moving image or a still image as a CG image will be described.

When the walk-through button B1 is clicked in the tool display area A2 in FIG. 8, a walk-through screen G2 in FIG. 9 is displayed. This walk-through screen G
The created plan view is reduced and displayed in the sub-window W1 of the second. Here, the operator S sets the viewpoint V and the gazing point U which are the reference of the CG image generation, thereby changing the gazing point U from the viewpoint V. A virtual image when viewed is displayed in the image display area A1 as a walk-through initial screen by a CG image. Here, a walk-through screen when the viewpoint V and the gazing point U are set in the living room is illustrated.

At the time of the walk-through, the operator S operates the tool display area A2 such as "forward", "retreat", "left rotation", "right rotation", "up rotation", "down rotation" and the like. When the movement of the viewpoint V and the change of the line-of-sight direction D are performed by appropriately clicking the buttons B2 to B7, the viewpoint V and the line-of-sight direction D are displayed on the image display area A1 and the screen 5 accordingly. According to the change, the interior of the house or the like is displayed as a moving image or a still image by the CG image Q.

Normally, only the image display area A1 and the sub-windows W1 and W2 are displayed on the screen 5, and the tool display area A2 is not displayed. That is, FIG. 9 and subsequent figures show the display contents of the display device 12 seen by the operator S, but the display contents of the image display area A1 and the sub-windows W1 and W2 are At the time, the display device 12 and the screen 5 are common.

When the operator S clicks the "forward" or "retreat" button B2, B3 on the display device 12, the viewpoint V moves forward or backward. The image Q will be enlarged or reduced. FIG. 10 shows a state where the viewpoint V is advanced from the state of FIG. Also,
Clicking the "left rotation" or "right rotation" button B4, B5, etc., changes the line of sight direction D to the left or right,
The CG image displayed on the image display area A1 and the screen 12 changes accordingly.

FIG. 11 shows a state in which the viewpoint V and the gazing point U have been moved in the living room by walk-through. Hereinafter, a procedure for calculating and evaluating the temperature distribution in the living room during the walk-through will be described. First,
By clicking the temperature distribution evaluation button B8, as shown in FIG. 12, buttons for temperature distribution evaluation are displayed in the tool display area A2.

In evaluating the temperature distribution, first, in order to determine the outside air temperature and the insolation conditions, in the season selection area B9, for example, any month from January to December (here, for example,
February), and in the time zone selection area B10, for example, 0
Any time period from hour to 24:00 (here, for example, 1
4 o'clock), and if necessary, the weather selection area B
At 11, any weather such as clear weather, cloudy weather, rainy weather (here,
For example, “sunny weather” is selected. These choices are, for example,
This is performed by repeatedly clicking the buttons of the selection areas B9 to B11 to sequentially switch the display of the selection areas B9 to B11. If the selection of the weather is omitted, fine weather is automatically selected.

As described above, when the season, time zone, and the like are designated, the pre-designated planned construction site of the house of the customer K (for example, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba) is displayed in the planned construction site display area B12. Based on the statistical data of the planned construction site, an average outside temperature (for example, 7 ° C.) corresponding to the season, time zone, and weather is displayed in the outside temperature display area B13. As shown in FIG. 1, each of the regions B9 to B13
The display contents of the areas B14 and B15 described later are also displayed on the screen 5.

Subsequently, prior to the evaluation of the temperature distribution, when it is desired to display the structure of a partition member surrounding the living room, for example, the partition wall 21 with the outside on the screen 5, the wall 21 is displayed in the image display area A 1. Then, when the partition member display button B15 is clicked, the structure of the wall 21 is displayed in a perspective view or the like in the sub-window W2 as shown in FIG. The wall 21 in this display example has a gypsum board, a rock wool as an insulating material, an air layer, a flexible board, and the like sequentially laminated from the indoor side, and an outer wall finishing material is arranged on the outermost layer.

Although not shown, the floor 22 and the window glass 2 are not shown.
For 3 and the like, each structure can be displayed in a perspective view, a cross-sectional view, or the like. By repeatedly clicking the partition member display button B14, partition members having different structures are sequentially displayed to obtain a desired structure. Can be selected. Here, for example, for the wall 21 and the floor 22, those having relatively small thickness of the heat insulating material are selected, and for the window glass 23, the heat insulating / insulating double glazing 20 a for the warm region (FIG. 3).
) Is selected.

After the structure of each partition member is determined, when the temperature distribution evaluation button B14 is clicked, the temperature distribution is determined based on the outside air temperature, solar radiation data, the structure of the partition member in the living room, the material, etc. Evaluation program P
The temperature distribution in the living room is calculated by the arithmetic processing unit 16 based on the number 3. Then, as shown in FIG. 14, the result is displayed in different colors in the image display area A1, and the maximum indoor temperature and the minimum indoor temperature are displayed in the tool display area A2 in the display areas B16 and B17.

In the above-described color-coded display, for example, it is determined that the temperature is lower in the order of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple regions. Corresponds to the lowest temperature. In the state of FIG. 13, the orange color on the surface of the wall 21 at a position sufficiently distant from the window 23 indicates the maximum temperature (for example, 1) in the living room.
1 ° C.), and the purple color on the glass surface or the like of the window 23 indicates the lowest temperature (for example, 9 ° C.) in the living room.

The customer K looks at the above analysis result and judges whether the heat insulating effect of the partition members such as the wall 21, the floor 22, the window 23, etc. is sufficient. After changing to a different structure or material, the arithmetic processing unit 16 can be made to evaluate the temperature distribution again.

For example, the heat insulating material (rock wool in FIG. 13) of the wall 21 is changed to a material having a larger thickness, and the glass of the window 23 is changed to the high heat insulating double glass 20b having a high heat insulating property. FIG. 15 shows a state where the temperature distribution was evaluated again. In this case, both the indoor maximum temperature and the indoor minimum temperature are higher than in the case of FIG. 14, and the simulation results show that the heat insulation is improved.

As described above, when the temperature distribution of each room is evaluated by the calculation of the arithmetic processing unit 16, the installation positions of the air-conditioning equipment such as an air conditioner in each room and the blowing direction of the air flow from the air-conditioning equipment. Alternatively, the temperature distribution in the room may be obtained in consideration of the radiation direction of heat. In that case, it is possible to evaluate whether the cooling / heating effect is appropriate based on the temperature distribution. If the simulation result indicates that the cooling / heating effect is insufficient, the position and capacity of the cooling / heating device are appropriately determined. By changing the parameters, a more appropriate heating plan can be performed.

When evaluating the temperature distribution, the temperature distribution in an arbitrary horizontal section or vertical section of each room may be displayed in different colors or by isothermal lines. In this case, a more detailed temperature distribution can be grasped as compared with the case where the temperature distribution is displayed in the perspective views as shown in FIGS.

[0045]

According to the method for evaluating the temperature distribution of a building by a computer according to the first aspect of the present invention, when each room of the building is displayed as a moving image or a still image by a CG image generated by the computer, Since the temperature distribution in each room is calculated based on the structure and material of the partition member that partitions the inside and outside of the room including the window, floor or ceiling, and the external temperature, and is displayed on the display device attached to the computer. By appropriately changing the design of the building while referring to the temperature distribution, the customer can perform a more appropriate heating plan. For example, in order to increase the temperature of the low-temperature part in the room, the structure of the partition member near the low-temperature part,
It is possible to take measures such as changing the material.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating a temperature distribution of a building by using a computer according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the outline of each room is displayed as a CG image on the display device. Is displayed in a color-coded manner, so that there is an advantage that the customer can determine at a glance the high temperature range and the low temperature range on the display device of the computer.

The recording medium of claim 3 is the recording medium of claim 1 or 2
Since the present invention is a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for executing the temperature distribution evaluation method is recorded, the above-described useful temperature distribution evaluation method can be realized by installing the program from the recording medium to a computer. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a display room used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the display room.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view showing a sectional structure of glass usable for a window of a house.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing a sectional structure of another glass that can be used for a window of a house.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing a sectional structure of still another glass usable for a window of a house.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing temperature changes inside and outside a wall.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a temperature change at a boundary between a solid and a fluid.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a plan view of a house is created by the arithmetic processing unit in the display room.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which walk-through is performed using the arithmetic processing device.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state where a viewpoint is advanced by the walk-through.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a state where a viewpoint is moved in the walk-through.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a state in which data for temperature distribution evaluation is input during the walk-through.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the structure of a partition member is displayed during temperature distribution evaluation.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the evaluation results of the temperature distribution are displayed in different colors.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the structure and the like of the partition member are changed and the temperature distribution is evaluated again.

[Explanation of symbols]

 QCG image 11 Workstation (computer) 21 Wall (partition member) 22 Floor (partition member) 23 Window (partition member) QCG image

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3L061 BA07 5B046 AA03 DA02 FA16 GA01 HA09 JA01 5B049 BB05 CC02 CC21 DD01 EE03 EE05 EE07 EE41 FF03 FF04

Claims (3)

[Claims] When displaying each room of a building as a moving image or a still image by a CG image generated by using a computer, a structure of a partition member that partitions the inside and outside of each room including a wall, a window, a floor or a ceiling, and Temperature distribution evaluation of a building by a computer, wherein the temperature distribution in each room is obtained by calculation based on the material and the external temperature, and the temperature distribution is displayed on a display device attached to the computer. Method. 2. The outline of each room is displayed on the display device by CG.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature distribution in the room is displayed in a color-coded manner while displaying the image. 3. A computer-readable recording medium on which a program for executing the temperature distribution evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2 is recorded.