JP2001054271A - Brushless motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce eddy current loss of a rotor by dividing the circumferential length of the rotor into lengths which are approximately shorter than a wavelength at a specific harmonic component of the exciting force of the stator generated by the stator, and preventing eddy currents from flowing into the divided lengths from flowing into other divided lengths at the boundaries of the divided lengths. SOLUTION: If a yoke 4 is conductive and solid, induced electromotive force is generated at one wavelength λn, and eddy current 14 flows into the yoke 4. The yoke 4 is insulated and split electrically, so as to have a length not longer than the half the wavelength λn of an asynchronous component 8. The solid yoke 4 is split into blocks, and insulated and split electrically with insulating paper 15 put between the blocks. The length of each divided block of the yoke 4 is not longer that the wavelength λn of the asynchronous component 8 in the circumferential direction. By insulating the rotor 1 electically, an eddy current 14 cannot flow flowing along the direction of the induced electromotive force, and loops are formed locally. Consequently, an eddy current 14 is made difficult to flow, and reduction of the eddy current loss becomes feasible.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a brushless motor having a concentratedly wound armature winding.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, brushless motors having concentrated armature windings are widely used for ultra-small motors of about several watts, such as those for DVDs. In such an ultra-small motor, a so-called concentrated winding in which windings are concentratedly applied to the teeth of the stator is often used.

In such a micro motor, copper loss, mechanical loss, and wind loss occupy most of the total loss, so that iron loss and stray loss can be ignored. An Nd magnet hardened with an adhesive is often used, and its conductivity is low, so eddy current loss can be ignored.

The rotor is generally provided by attaching a magnet to a massive yoke. An ultra-small concentrated winding brushless motor is almost of the abduction type, and a rotor (rotor) yoke outside the magnet is made of an integral mass material to also serve as a structural material of a motor housing.

On the other hand, in recent years, it has been considered that a direct drive type elevator is driven by a medium and large capacity brushless motor of several kW. In general, a brushless motor having a medium and large capacity in which armature windings are distributed and wound is used.

However, since the distributed winding brushless motor has a large coil end, the motor itself must be large, and the motor itself is further improved by using a concentrated winding armature winding having a small coil end. There is a demand for miniaturization.

[0007] When a brushless motor is a medium or large capacity machine of several kW, iron loss and stray loss account for a large proportion of the loss. In particular, Nd-based magnets, which are often used as high-performance magnets in recent years, are conductive materials.In order to increase the efficiency of the motor, sintered magnets with high holding power are used, and the conductivity is high. An eddy current is easily generated due to the high height.

In order to reduce the eddy current loss, the iron core must be made of laminated steel sheets, and the armature windings of the stator must be distributed windings to suppress the harmonics of the magnetic field generated by the stator current. Conceivable. In the case where the stator is configured by blocking the laminated core by forming the iron core with laminated steel sheets and forming the stator, by suppressing the eddy current loss in the stator by measuring the electrical insulation in the lamination direction between the laminated steel sheets, for example, And JP-A-8-289492.

[0009]

There is a great demand for cost reduction even in a medium and large capacity brushless motor of several kW.
It is demanded that the core be made of an inexpensive massive yoke instead of laminated steel sheet, which is expensive for material cost and shape processing, and that the coil end be concentrated and have a smaller coil end compared to distributed winding to reduce the size of the motor. Have been.

However, when the armature windings of a medium / large capacity machine of several kW class are concentratedly wound, there is a problem that eddy current loss increases, stray loss increases, and efficiency becomes extremely poor. In addition, since the rotor yoke also serves as the motor housing, particularly in an external rotation type motor, there is also a problem that it is practically difficult to form that portion with a laminated steel plate in terms of bonding and strength.

An object of the present invention is to provide a brushless motor capable of greatly reducing eddy current loss of the rotor even when the armature winding is concentratedly wound using a massive yoke for the rotor.

[0012]

A feature of the present invention is that a specific harmonic of a stator magnetomotive force generated by a stator is determined by a circumferential length of a rotor provided with a plurality of magnets on a massive yoke. An eddy current inhibiting means is provided which divides the component into a length of approximately half or less of the wavelength, and prevents an eddy current flowing in the section length from flowing to another section length at a boundary between the divided section lengths.

The eddy current inhibiting means for inhibiting the eddy current flowing due to the specific harmonic component of the stator magnetomotive force includes means for electrically insulating and dividing the massive yoke in the circumferential direction thereof, and a method for electrically dividing the massive yoke in the circumferential direction. There is a means for providing an axial slit.

According to the present invention, the eddy current flowing through the rotor can be reduced by a specific harmonic component having a large intensity (level) among harmonic components that are asynchronous components of the rotor magnetomotive force of the stator. Eddy current loss of the rotor can be reduced.

[0015]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a so-called abduction type brushless motor in which a rotor is located outside a stator.

In FIG. 1, a rotor 1 is provided outside a stator 2.
Is a so-called abduction type brushless motor.
The rotor 1 is provided with ten magnets 3 arranged at equal intervals on the surface of a rotor yoke (lumped yoke) 4.

The rotor yoke 4 is divided into five equal sections, and two magnets 3 are provided in one section. Each yoke 4 divided into five equal parts is configured in a lump,
Since the boundaries of equally divided sections are electrically insulated from each other, they are electrically insulated by, for example, inserting insulating paper in the gaps or inserting a plastic mold into each block (section length). is there.

The magnets 3 are provided so as to alternately have N poles and S poles so that adjacent magnets have different polarities.

On the other hand, the stator 2 is provided with twelve teeth 6, and the coils 6 of the armature winding are concentratedly wound around each of the teeth 6. The stator 2 is mounted on a shaft 7. The opening of the slot, which is the space in which the coil 5 is wound, is made narrow so that the coil 5 is prevented from popping out and the harmonic magnetic field of the magnetic flux density in the gap due to the change in permeance due to the slot opening is reduced. I have.

FIG. 2 shows the brushless motor of FIG. 1 developed linearly, and shows the arrangement of the windings of the coil 5 and the magnetomotive force of the stator.

Each of the stators 2 has a coil 5 housed in a slot. The U, V, and W three-phase coils 5 have currents iu, iv,
iw is flowing.

The rectangular wave 12 is a distribution of the magnetomotive force generated by the stator 2 at time t = 0. At time t = 0, the W-phase coil 5
, And the magnetomotive force generated by the teeth 6 around which the coil 5 is wound is maximized. On the other hand, the currents iv shifted by 120 ° in the V-phase and U-phase coils 5,
Since iw flows, a current of-(1/2) I0 flows at t = 0, and the magnetomotive force generated by the teeth 6 around which the coils 5 are wound becomes 1/2. If the problem of the slot opening is ignored, ideally, the magnetomotive force 12
Is a rectangular wave as shown.

The magnetomotive force of the rectangular wave 12 includes a fundamental wave component 8 having the same wavelength as the fundamental wave 13 of the magnetic field generated by the rotor 1 (magnet 3).
a, the magnetomotive force fundamental wave component 8a generated by the stator 2 couples with the fundamental wave component 13 of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 3, and generates a motor torque.

The magnetomotive force of the rectangular wave 12 has a fundamental wave component 8a
In addition, many harmonic components such as the harmonic component 8b are included. If the rectangular wave 12 is subjected to Fourier expansion, a harmonic component can be obtained. Of the magnetomotive force 12 generated by the stator 2, the harmonic component 8b, which is an asynchronous component with the fundamental wave 13 of the magnetomotive force generated by the rotor 1, is, for example, 5 /
At a wavelength of 7, the spatial order is 7/5. This 7 / 5-order asynchronous component causes an eddy current.

In a distributed winding motor, the type of harmonics is determined. In the case of a three-phase motor, only harmonic components that are not odd multiples of 3 exist. The specific harmonic order is 5
It is the next, seventh, eleventh, and thirteenth order, and is a fundamental wave, that is, a component having a higher order than the first order component. Generally, the lower harmonics are more affected by the eddy current, so that the characteristics of the motor are generally improved by suppressing the fifth and seventh lower harmonic components.

As a result of the simulation, the present inventors have found that in the concentrated winding motor, harmonics having orders lower than the fifth and seventh orders are present, and the number of stator teeth and the number of rotor magnets (the number of poles) ), The types of harmonics are also different. Regarding the order of the harmonics, among various combinations of the number of teeth and the number of magnetic poles of the concentrated winding motor, there is a lower order, for example, a 0.5 order component than the primary wave which is the first order. When an appropriate combination of the number of poles and the number of teeth was selected as a winding motor, it was also confirmed that the lowest order harmonic component was always present on the lower order side than the general fifth order in distributed winding.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the rotor magnetomotive force generated by the rotor 1 (lumped yoke 4), the asynchronous magnetomotive force component that is asynchronous, and the eddy current flow among the stator magnetomotive force generated by the stator 2.

The rotor magnetomotive force and the synchronous component of the stator magnetomotive force do not generate an eddy current because the magnetic flux does not move when viewed from the rotor 1. The non-synchronous component appears as the magnetic field advances when viewed from the rotor 1, and the eddy current density can be changed at the same wavelength as the wavelength λn of the non-synchronous component 8 of the n-th magnetomotive force.

When the yoke 4 is conductive and massive, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5A, an induced electromotive force is generated in one upward direction and one downward direction during one wavelength λn.
An eddy current 14 flows through the (rotor 1).

According to the present invention, the yoke 4 (rotor 1) is electrically insulated and divided so as to have a length equal to or less than half the wavelength λn of the asynchronous component 8. In FIG. 3B, the massive yoke 4 is divided into blocks (section lengths) as shown in FIG. 1, and an insulating paper 15 is provided between the blocks to electrically separate the blocks. The divided block length (section length) of the yoke 4 is less than half the wavelength λn of the asynchronous component 8 in the circumferential direction.

As described above, if the rotor 1 (the massive yoke 4) is electrically insulated and divided, the eddy current 14 cannot flow in the direction of the induced electromotive force, and a local loop is formed. Therefore, the eddy current 14 becomes difficult to flow,
Thereby, eddy current loss can also be reduced.

In other words, the rotor 1 (mass yoke 4) is divided into a length of approximately half or less of the wavelength of the specific harmonic component of the stator magnetomotive force, and a vortex flowing in the division length at the boundary of the divided division lengths. This means that eddy current inhibiting means for preventing the current from flowing to another section length is provided.

Next, how the eddy current loss can be reduced by electrically insulating the rotor 1 will be described.

The rotor 1 divides (divides) according to the wavelength of the asynchronous magnetomotive force harmonic. In this case, the number of divisions (section length) is determined based on the wavelength of the asynchronous component of the magnetomotive force which is dominant in the eddy current loss. decide.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram obtained by the present inventors as a result of a simulation. The abscissa indicates the wavelength λn of the magnetomotive force harmonic and the length in the circumferential direction of the rotor electrically insulated and divided. The eddy current loss ratio is obtained by taking the ratio L / λn of the length L and not dividing the ordinate into the vertical axis.

As is clear from FIG. 4, when the division length (section length) is equal to or longer than 1/2 of the wavelength λn, the heat generation hardly changes depending on the presence or absence of the insulation division. Decreases rapidly. In the present invention, the heat generation of the rotor 1 is reduced by setting the division length (section length) to １ ／ or less of the wavelength λn.

Next, what kind of asynchronous component is dominant in eddy current loss will be described by the present inventors based on the result of simulation.

Generally, as the order of the magnetomotive force component increases, the magnetic field wraps around in the gap between the rotor 1 and the stator 2, so that the magnetomotive force harmonic of the stator 2 does not reach the rotor 1. This is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, n of the magnetomotive force generated by the stator 2 is shown.
Assuming the next harmonic component 8, the magnetic flux 9 passes from the stator 2 to the rotor 1 due to the magnetomotive force. The magnetic flux 9 penetrates the permanent magnet 3, reaches the rotor yoke 4 and returns to the stator 1.

In the case where the magnetomotive force harmonic is of a low order, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, a magnetic field enters the rotor yoke 4 almost perpendicularly, and as a result, an eddy current is generated in the magnet 3 and the rotor yoke 4. On the other hand, when the magnetomotive force harmonic is of a higher order, the magnetic flux 9 goes around in the gap because the wavelength is short as shown in FIG. 5B, and the magnetic field does not reach the rotor 1. Therefore, more eddy currents are generated as the magnetic field has a lower magnetomotive force.

As described above, in the concentrated winding motor, since there is an asynchronous component of the magnetomotive force of the lower order than the fifth and seventh orders which is a problem in the distributed winding motor, the eddy current loss is not compared with the distributed winding. The order of the asynchronous component varies depending on the type of concentrated winding motor, that is, the combination of the number of poles and the number of slots.

The present invention focuses on the innumerable combinations of the number of poles and the number of slots (number of teeth) of the innumerable concentrated winding motor, arranges asynchronous components for each combination based on simulation results, and controls the eddy current. The effect of a typical asynchronous component.

FIG. 6 shows a winding method of a stator winding (armature winding) in a three-phase motor in which the number of poles and the number of teeth of the concentrated winding motor as shown in FIG. 1 are changed.

In FIG. 6, 8p-9s means that the number of poles is eight.
And the number of teeth is 9.
The same applies to other combinations of the number of poles and the number of teeth. Also, a combination of the number of poles and the number of teeth, which is an integral multiple of 8 poles and 9 teeth, for example, a combination of 16 poles and 18 teeth has a magnetically repeating structure.

8p-9s and 10p-9s in FIG. 6 show an example of a concentrated winding winding method. As shown in FIG. 1, the coils 5 are intensively wound around the respective teeth 6 as shown in FIG. I have. Each tooth 6 has a U in FIG.
The coil is wound so that three-phase currents indicated by V and W flow.

The teeth 6 around which the U-phase coil is wound have +
U and -U are described, and the winding directions of + U and -U are reversed. Further, the winding directions of the coils wound around the teeth 6 indicated by + U and + V are the same.

10p-9s, 8p-9s, 10p-12
s and 14p-12s, 14p-18s and 22p-18s
And the winding method is the same for 2p-3s and 4p-3s.

FIGS. 7 to 11 show measurement results by simulation of the spatial order of harmonic components of the magnetomotive force generated by the stator 2 having such a winding and the strength thereof.

FIG. 7 shows a 2p-6s, 2p-12s distributed winding stator made in order to clarify the difference between the magnetomotive force of the concentrated winding and the magnetomotive force of the general distributed winding, which is the object of the present invention. Indicates the magnetomotive force. 8 to 11 show the magnetomotive force of concentrated winding which is an object of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows 8p-9s and 10p-9s, FIG. 9 shows 10p-12s and 14p-12s, and FIG.
8s and 22p-18s and FIG. 11 shows 2p-3s and 4p
3 shows the magnetomotive force generated by the −3 s stator.

7 to 11, the horizontal axis represents the spatial order of the harmonic component of the stator magnetomotive force, and the vertical axis represents the intensity of the harmonic component. The black component is a synchronous component and has a spatial order of 1. The synchronous component is a component that rotates in synchronization with the rotor 1, and there is no relative fluctuation between the magnetomotive forces of the rotor 1 and no eddy current is generated in the rotor 1.

However, the other components are asynchronous components that rotate at a relative speed to the rotor 1, and the magnetic flux density due to the harmonic magnetomotive force component causes eddy current. These harmonic components generally become smaller as the spatial order becomes higher. Further, as described in FIG. 5, the magnetic field goes around in the gap, and the magnetomotive force harmonic of the stator 2 reaches the rotor 1. There is little effect because it disappears.

Since the eddy current is approximately proportional to the square of the magnetic field, it is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the stator magnetomotive force on the vertical axis in FIGS. As can be seen from FIGS. 8 to 11, it can be seen that in the concentrated winding, the lower the order, the stronger the magnetomotive force, which is the main cause of the eddy current loss.

Now, to examine the difference between the distributed winding and the concentrated winding, first look at the distributed winding, see 2p-6s shown in FIG.
In the motor, the order of the lowest-order asynchronous magnetomotive force harmonic component that causes the eddy current is the fifth order, its intensity is small, most of the magnetomotive force is a synchronous component, and the asynchronous component that causes the eddy current is extremely low. To be less. For this reason, in the distributed winding, even if the asynchronous component of the stator magnetomotive force generates an eddy current in the rotor 1, the eddy current loss is not a problem even if it is extremely small. When the number of slots is increased to 2p-12s as shown in FIG. 7, the fifth-order asynchronous component further decreases.

On the other hand, with regard to the concentrated winding motor shown in FIG. 8, an asynchronous component having a spatial order lower than the synchronous component is generated in the 10p-9s motor. The 4 / 5-order spatial component is larger than the synchronous component, and generates the largest eddy current loss among the asynchronous components. Also, 1/5 order, 2 /
The eddy current loss due to the fifth harmonic component also occurs so as not to be ignored.

In the 8p-9s motor shown in FIG. 8, the magnetomotive force harmonic component that causes the maximum eddy current is 4/5 order, and other 1/2 order and 1/4 order that are lower than the synchronous component. Are also high in intensity, and the eddy currents caused by these components are also large.

In the 10p-12s motor shown in FIG.
The magnetomotive force harmonic that causes the maximum eddy current is the 7 / 5th order, and the 1 / 5th order component that is lower than the synchronous component also has a large intensity, and the eddy currents caused by these components are also large. In a 14p-12s motor, the magnetomotive force harmonic that causes the maximum eddy current is 5 / 7th order, and the 1 / 7th order component that is lower than the synchronous component also has a large intensity. The current is also increasing.

In the 14p-18s motor shown in FIG. 10, the magnetomotive force harmonic that causes the maximum eddy current is the 11 / 7th order, and the 1 / 7th order and the 5 / 7th order which are lower than the synchronous component.
The following components also have high intensity, and the eddy currents caused by them are also high. Also, in the 22p-18s motor, the magnetomotive force harmonic that causes the maximum eddy current is the 7 / 11th order, and the 11th order, 5 /
The eleventh-order components also have a large intensity, and the eddy currents caused by these components are also large.

In the 2p-3s motor shown in FIG. 11, the magnetomotive force harmonic that causes the maximum eddy current is of the second order, and has a lower order and a higher strength than the fifth order of the distributed winding shown in FIG. The eddy currents caused by these are also large. Also, in the 4p-3s motor, the magnetomotive force harmonic that causes the maximum eddy current is 低 order, which is lower than the synchronous component and has higher intensity, so that the eddy current generated by these components is also larger.

As can be seen from the measurement results shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 as described above, in the concentrated winding motor, the spatial order of the asynchronous component of the magnetomotive force generated by the stator 2 is low and the strength is high.
Eddy current loss increases as compared with a normal distributed winding.

Next, the division of the rotor 1 for reducing the influence of the asynchronous component which is dominant on the eddy current will be described.

Generally, the wavelength λn of the n-th spatial harmonic of the asynchronous component is “pole pitch × 2 / spatial order”. For example, as can be seen from the characteristic diagram of FIG.
For both -6s and 2p-12s motors, the lowest order that causes eddy currents is 5. Since the relationship between the order and the wavelength λn is “wavelength = pole pitch × 2 / space order”, if the length of the rotor 1 is L and the pole pitch is τ, it is necessary to make L / λn 1/2 or less. It is necessary to divide the rotor 1 so that the rotor 1 has a length of τ / 5 or less. In this case, the general 4
In the case of a motor having 12 slots of poles and 24 slots of 4 poles, the rotor 1 must be divided into 20 or more, and the number of man-hours required for mechanically combining the divided rotors increases. In the case of the above multi-pole motor, the number of divisions further increases, so that it is hardly practical.

On the other hand, in the case of concentrated winding, for example, the lowest spatial order causing an eddy current of 10 poles and 9 slots corresponding to 10p-9s shown in FIG.
In order to reduce n to 以下 or less, the rotor 1
Should be set to 5τ or less. That is, if the rotor having 10 poles is divided into three equal parts or more, the effect of suppressing the eddy current can be obtained. If it is divided into 5 or more, 2/5
Eddy current due to the following components can also be suppressed.

In order to obtain the effect of division most efficiently,
Since it is only necessary to suppress the 4 / 5-order component, which is the most dominant eddy current source among the asynchronous components, it is sufficient to divide the component into nine equal parts or more. Even in this case, there is an effect that the eddy current can be suppressed with a smaller number of divisions as compared with the distributed winding, and since the number of divisions is small, the structure can be configured without being complicated.

Similarly, in the case of concentrated winding of 8 poles and 9 slots corresponding to 8p-9s shown in FIG. 8, since the lowest spatial order causing an eddy current is 1/4, L / L In order to reduce λn to １ ／ or less, the circumference of the rotor after division should be set to 4τ or less. That is, if the rotor having eight poles is divided into three or more equal parts, the effect of suppressing the eddy current can be obtained. Further, if the distance is equal to or more than five, the eddy current due to the 2 / 5-order component can be suppressed. In order to obtain the effect of the division most efficiently, it is only necessary to suppress the 4 / 5-order component, which is the most dominant eddy current among the asynchronous components, and it is sufficient to divide it into 11 equal parts or more.

Similarly, in the case of concentrated winding of 10 poles and 12 slots corresponding to 10p-12s shown in FIG. 9, since the lowest spatial order causing an eddy current is 1/5, L
In order to make / λn equal to or less than ２, the sectional circumference of the rotor 1 after division should be equal to or less than 5τ. That is, if the ten-pole rotor is divided into three or more equal parts, an eddy current suppressing effect can be obtained. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1 where the yoke 4 is divided into five equal parts and the magnet 3 is ten pieces, the most dominant eddy current among asynchronous components is 7 in order to obtain the effect of division most efficiently. It is sufficient to suppress the / 5th order component,
It suffices to do 15 or more equal parts.

Similarly, in the case of a concentrated winding of 14 poles and 12 slots corresponding to 14p-12s, the lowest spatial order causing an eddy current is 1/7 order, and L / λn is reduced to 1/2.
In order to achieve the following, the circumference of the rotor after division is 7τ
The following should be done. That is, if the rotor 1 having 14 poles is divided into three or more equal parts, the effect of suppressing the eddy current can be obtained. In order to obtain the effect of the division most efficiently, it is only necessary to suppress the 5/7 order component which is the most dominant eddy current source among the asynchronous components, and it suffices to divide it by 11 or more.

1 corresponding to 14p-18s shown in FIG.
In the case of concentrated winding with 4 poles and 18 slots, the lowest spatial order that causes eddy current is 1/7 order, and L / λn is 1
In order to make it equal to or less than / 2, the divided circumference of the rotor 1 after the division should be made 7τ or less. That is, 14
If the pole rotor 1 is divided into three or more equal parts, an eddy current suppressing effect can be obtained. Also, if it is divided into 11 or more equal parts, 5
Eddy current due to the / 7th order component can also be suppressed. In order to obtain the effect of the division most efficiently, the 11 / 7-order component, which is the most dominant eddy current among the asynchronous components, should be suppressed, and it is sufficient to divide it into 23 equal parts or more.

Similarly, in the case of concentrated winding of 22 poles and 18 slots corresponding to 22p-18s, the lowest spatial order that causes an eddy current is 1/11, and L / λn is 1 / l.
In order to reduce the circumference to 2 or less, the circumference of the rotor 1 after the division may be reduced to 11τ or less. That is, if the rotor 1 having 22 poles is divided into three or more equal parts, an eddy current suppressing effect can be obtained. Further, if the distance is equal to or more than 11 times, the eddy current due to the 5/11 order component can be suppressed. In order to obtain the effect of the division most efficiently, it is sufficient to suppress the 7/11 order component which is the most dominant eddy current source among the asynchronous components.
It suffices to do 15 or more equal parts.

8 poles 1 corresponding to 2p-3s shown in FIG.
In the case of concentrated winding of two slots, the lowest spatial order that causes an eddy current is the second order, and it is most effective to suppress the eddy current due to the second harmonic component. L / λn is 1
In order to make it equal to or less than / 2, the circumference of the rotor 1 after the division should be equal to or less than τ / 2. That is, if the eight-pole rotor 1 is divided into 17 equal parts or more, an eddy current suppressing effect can be obtained.

Similarly, in the case of concentrated winding of 16 poles and 9 slots corresponding to 4p-3s, the lowest spatial order causing an eddy current is 1/2 order, and the eddy current due to this harmonic component is Is most effective. L / λn is 1/2
In order to achieve the following, the circumference of the rotor 1 after division is 2
It suffices to set it to τ or less. That is, if the rotor 1 having 16 poles is divided into 17 equal parts or more, the effect of suppressing the eddy current can be obtained.

As described above, the number of poles P and the number of teeth (the number of slots)
Although the motors having different Ns have been described, the respective cases are summarized as follows.

That is, in an M-phase brushless motor having a stator 2 in which a rotor 1 has P poles and N armatures wound intensively on N teeth, the greatest common divisor of P / 2 and N / M Is K, and the circumferential length of the rotor 1 of the motor is L, so that the circumferential length of the rotor 1 is electrically insulated and divided so as to be L / 2K or less.

For the most effective division, it is necessary to make the wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the lowest order component having the same magnetomotive force as the synchronous component. Specifically, the rotor 1
In a brushless motor having a stator 2 having P poles and armature windings intensively wound around N teeth, if the circumferential length of the rotor 1 of the motor is L, the circumference of the rotor 1 It is electrically insulated and divided so that the length in the direction is L / (2N−P) or less.

As described above, the rotor 1 is electrically insulated and divided. However, in the case of concentrated winding, the number of divisions is larger than that of the distributed winding because the asynchronous component dominant in the eddy current has a long wavelength. It turns out that only a small amount is needed, and it can be said that it is practical.

In this manner, the massive yoke 4 of the rotor 1 is electrically insulated and divided. In other words, the length of the stator yoke 4 is approximately half or less of the wavelength of the specific harmonic component of the stator magnetomotive force generated by the stator. The eddy current that flows in the section length at the boundary of the section length is prevented from flowing to other section lengths, but harmonic components that are asynchronous components of the rotor magnetomotive force of the stator magnetomotive force Among them, the eddy current flowing through the rotor can be reduced by the specific harmonic component having a large intensity (level), so that the eddy current loss of the rotor can be reduced.

The present invention is particularly effective when used in an abduction type brushless motor in which the rotor yoke 4 also serves as a motor housing. In other words, if the rotor yoke is formed of laminated steel sheets to prevent eddy currents, the assembly is complicated and the strength is insufficient. However, since it is relatively easy to assemble the mass yoke 4 divided into several pieces, it is simple and low-priced. A costly motor can be realized.

FIG. 12 shows a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, a slit 11 is provided on the surface of the massive yoke 4 in the axial direction.

Eddy current 1 flowing through massive yoke 4 of rotor 1
4 is concentrated on the surface as shown in FIG. 13 due to the skin effect. A slit 11 is provided in the axial direction on the surface of the yoke 4 of the rotor 1 provided with the magnet 3. The interval between the slits 11 is set smaller than λn / 2. At this time, the spatial order n is the lowest order of the magnetomotive force harmonic, and λn / 2 = L / 2K. Most efficiently, the length of the rotor 1 is set to λn / 2
= L / (2N-P) or less.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, a slit 11 is provided as eddy current inhibiting means. In this embodiment, the intensity (level) of the harmonic component which is an asynchronous component with the rotor magnetomotive force of the stator magnetomotive force is also used. The eddy current flowing through the rotor can be reduced by the specific harmonic component having a large value of ()), so that the eddy current loss of the rotor can be reduced.

Although the above embodiment has been described with respect to the abduction type in which the rotor is located outside the stator, the present invention is also applied to an inversion type brushless motor in which the rotor is located inside the stator. Of course you can.

[0082]

As described above, according to the present invention, a specific harmonic component having a large intensity (level) among harmonic components which are asynchronous components of the rotor magnetomotive force of the stator magnetomotive force flows to the rotor. Since the eddy current can be reduced, the eddy current loss of the rotor can be reduced. This is also effective when the mass yoke or magnet of the rotor is conductive, and the eddy current loss of the rotor can be suppressed with a simple structure, so that an inexpensive and efficient motor can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a brushless motor.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a wavelength of a stator magnetomotive force and an eddy current.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of a calorific value for explaining the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a magnetic flux distribution generated by a rotor.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a concentrated winding brushless motor.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of harmonic component distribution of stator magnetomotive force.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of harmonic component distribution of stator magnetomotive force.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of harmonic component distribution of stator magnetomotive force.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of harmonic component distribution of stator magnetomotive force.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of harmonic component distribution of stator magnetomotive force.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a skin effect of an eddy current.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... rotor, 2 ... stator, 3 ... permanent magnet, 4 ... massive yoke, 5 ... coil, 6 ... teeth, 7 ... shaft

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Motoya Ito 7-1-1, Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Within Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Fumio Tajima 7-1 Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi Research Laboratories (72) Inventor Hideki Nihei 1070 Ma, Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Mito Factory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor Takanori Nakata 1070 Ichimo, Hitachinaka City, Ibaraki Prefecture Stock F-term in the Mito Plant of Hitachi, Ltd. (reference) 5H002 AA03 AE08 5H019 AA04 CC04 CC09 5H621 BB07 BB10 GA01 GA04 HH01

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A brushless motor having a rotor in which a plurality of magnets are provided on a massive yoke, and a stator in which armature windings are concentratedly wound, wherein a circumferential length of the rotor is fixed. The stator generates a stator that divides the length into approximately half the wavelength of the specific harmonic component of the magnetomotive force, and prevents the eddy current flowing in the section length at the boundary of the section length from flowing to other section lengths A brushless motor comprising a rotor provided with eddy current inhibiting means. 2. A brushless motor having a rotor in which a plurality of magnets are provided on a massive yoke, and a stator on which armature windings are concentratedly wound. A rotor which is insulated and divided into a length of substantially half or less of a wavelength of a specific asynchronous component of a rotor magnetomotive force generated by the rotor and an asynchronous component of a stator magnetomotive force generated by the rotor. motor. 3. A brushless motor comprising: a stator having armature windings wound around a plurality of teeth, respectively; and a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnets provided on a massive yoke. Is divided into a length of approximately half or less of a wavelength in a specific harmonic component of a stator magnetomotive force generated by the stator, and a rotation provided with an axial slit on a surface of a section length boundary of the massive yoke. A brushless motor, comprising: 4. A stator having an armature winding wound around a plurality of teeth, respectively, and a rotor provided with a plurality of permanent magnets on a massive yoke and rotating outside the stator. In the brushless motor, the bulk yoke is insulated in a circumferential direction into a length of approximately half or less of a wavelength of a specific harmonic component determined by the number of teeth and the number of permanent magnets in the magnetomotive force generated by the armature winding. A brushless motor, comprising: 5. A brushless motor having a rotor in which a plurality of magnets are provided on a massive yoke, and a stator in which an armature winding is concentratedly wound, wherein the rotor is a stationary member in which the stator is formed. A brushless motor characterized in that it is insulated and divided into a length of approximately half or less of a wavelength of a specific harmonic component of a magnetomotive force. 6. A brushless motor having a rotor in which a plurality of magnets are provided on a massive yoke, and a stator in which armature windings are concentratedly wound, wherein the rotor is a stationary member in which the stator is formed. A brushless motor characterized in that it is insulated and divided into a length of approximately half or less of a wavelength of a specific asynchronous component of a rotor magnetomotive force generated by the rotor and an asynchronous component of the rotor magnetomotive force. 7. An M-phase brushless motor having a rotor having a block yoke provided with P-pole magnets and a stator having armature windings wound around N teeth, respectively. When the greatest common divisor of 2 and N / M is K, and the circumferential length of the rotor is L, the circumferential length of the rotor is electrically insulated and divided to L / (2K) or less. A brushless motor. 8. A brushless motor having a rotor having a mass of yoke provided with P-pole magnets and a stator having armature windings concentratedly wound on N teeth, respectively. The length of the rotor in the circumferential direction is L / (2N-P) or less, and the length is defined as L. The brushless motor is characterized in that: