JP2001041454A - Fuel jet nozzle for normal and emergency use - Google Patents

Fuel jet nozzle for normal and emergency use

Info

Publication number
JP2001041454A
JP2001041454A JP11211482A JP21148299A JP2001041454A JP 2001041454 A JP2001041454 A JP 2001041454A JP 11211482 A JP11211482 A JP 11211482A JP 21148299 A JP21148299 A JP 21148299A JP 2001041454 A JP2001041454 A JP 2001041454A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
nozzle
fuel
gas
steam
emergency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP11211482A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Motoyoshi Tsuchiya
元芳 土屋
Moichi Uji
茂一 宇治
Takao Sugimoto
尚旺 杉本
Ryuzo Imamura
龍三 今村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Corp
Original Assignee
IHI Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IHI Corp filed Critical IHI Corp
Priority to JP11211482A priority Critical patent/JP2001041454A/en
Publication of JP2001041454A publication Critical patent/JP2001041454A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce NOx without using any distilled water by providing a gas fuel nozzle for normally jetting and combusting premixture of gas fuel and steam and reducing NOx at the time of emergency by jetting water or steam, and a liquid fuel nozzle for jetting and combusting liquid fuel at the time of emergency. SOLUTION: A normal/emergency fuel jet nozzle 10 for gas turbine comprises a gas fuel nozzle 12 and a liquid fuel nozzle 14. The gas fuel nozzle 12 has a chamber 13a for premixing gas fuel 1 supplied to each port 11a, 11b with steam 2 and premixed gas 3 is jetted from a plurality of jet openings 13b. At the time of emergency, NOx is reduced by jetting pure water from a pure water unit. The liquid fuel nozzle 14 comprises a main nozzle 14b disposed around a pilot nozzle 14a located in the center and liquid fuel 4, 5 (e.g. kerosene) is jetted independently from each nozzle 14a, 14b.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ガスタービン用の
燃料噴射ノズルに係わり、更に詳しくは、常用/非常用
兼用でかつ低NOx用の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルに関す
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel injection nozzle for a gas turbine, and more particularly, to a non-generating fuel injection nozzle for both common / emergency use and low NOx.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】ガスタービン用の燃料噴射ノズルとし
て、常用/非常用兼用でかつ低NOx用の非発兼用燃料
噴射ノズルが従来から用いられている。この非発兼用燃
料噴射ノズルは、液体燃料用ノズルとガス燃料用ノズル
の両方を備え、常用時にはガス燃料用ノズルから都市ガ
ス等のガス燃料を噴射しかつ液体燃料用ノズルから水を
噴射し、火事等の非常時には、液体燃料用ノズルから灯
油等の液体燃料を噴射しかつガス燃料用ノズルから水を
噴射して低NOx化を図っていた。
2. Description of the Related Art As fuel injection nozzles for gas turbines, conventional / emergency non-generating fuel injection nozzles for low NOx are conventionally used. This non-generating fuel injection nozzle includes both a liquid fuel nozzle and a gas fuel nozzle, and in normal use, injects gas fuel such as city gas from the gas fuel nozzle and water from the liquid fuel nozzle, In an emergency such as a fire, a liquid fuel such as kerosene is injected from a liquid fuel nozzle and water is injected from a gas fuel nozzle to reduce NOx.

【0003】すなわち従来の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルに
はガス用と液用の2つのポートがあり、常用時には、ガ
ス燃料を使用すると共に液用のポートからNOx低減の
ために水噴射を行い、逆に非常時には、液体燃料を使用
すると共にガス用のポートからNOx低減のために水噴
射を行っていた。
That is, the conventional non-generating fuel injection nozzle has two ports for gas and liquid. In normal use, gas fuel is used and water is injected from the liquid port to reduce NOx. Conversely, in an emergency, liquid fuel is used and water is injected from a gas port to reduce NOx.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、従来の非発兼
用燃料噴射ノズルでは、常用時(ガス焚き時)の水噴射
によるNOx低減のため、大量(例えば10t/h以
上)の純水が必要であり、この純水製造のために大型の
純水装置が不可欠であり、コストアップと設置スペース
増大の要因になっていた。
However, the conventional non-generating fuel injection nozzle requires a large amount (for example, 10 t / h or more) of pure water in order to reduce NOx by water injection during normal use (when gas is fired). Therefore, a large-sized pure water apparatus is indispensable for the production of pure water, which has caused a cost increase and an increase in installation space.

【0005】また、ガス焚き時に液体燃料用ノズルに水
を流すため、燃料と水を切り替える必要があり、配管系
統が複雑となりやすく、かつ水による腐食が生じやすい
問題点があった。
[0005] In addition, since water flows through the liquid fuel nozzle during gas firing, it is necessary to switch between fuel and water, so that the piping system tends to be complicated, and corrosion due to water tends to occur.

【0006】本発明は、かかる問題点を解決するために
創案されたものである。すなわち、本発明の目的は、大
型の純水装置をなくしてコストダウンと設置スペースの
減少を図ることができ、かつ配管系統を簡素化でき、水
による腐食を最小限度に抑えることができる非発兼用燃
料噴射ノズルを提供することにある。
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. That is, an object of the present invention is to reduce the cost and installation space by eliminating a large-sized pure water apparatus, simplify the piping system, and minimize water corrosion. An object of the present invention is to provide a dual-purpose fuel injection nozzle.

【0007】[0007]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明によれば、常用時
にガス燃料と水蒸気を予混合して噴射・燃焼させかつ非
常時に水又は水蒸気を噴射して低NOx化を図るガス燃
料用ノズル(12)と、非常時に液体燃料を噴射・燃焼
させる液体燃料用ノズル(14)と、を備えたことを特
徴とする非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルが提供される。また、
非常時に水を短時間供給する小型の純水装置を備える、
ことが好ましい。
According to the present invention, a gas fuel nozzle for premixing and injecting and burning gaseous fuel and water vapor in normal use and injecting and burning water or water vapor in an emergency to reduce NOx ( 12) and a liquid fuel nozzle (14) for injecting and burning liquid fuel in an emergency. Also,
Equipped with a small pure water device that supplies water for a short time in an emergency,
Is preferred.

【0008】上記本発明の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルによ
れば、常用時にガス燃料と水蒸気を予混合して噴射・燃
焼させることにより、従来大量に必要だった蒸留水を不
要にし、水蒸気で低NOx化を図ることができる。
According to the non-generating fuel injection nozzle of the present invention, gas fuel and steam are premixed and injected and burned during normal use, so that distilled water, which was conventionally required in large quantities, becomes unnecessary, and the amount of steam is reduced. NOx conversion can be achieved.

【0009】また、非常時には、同じ液体燃料用ノズル
(14)から水又は水蒸気を噴射して低NOx化を図る
が、非常時の水噴射時間は短い(例えば20分以内)の
で、その分の純水をタンク等に保管し、或いは、純水を
短時間供給する小型の純水装置を備えることで、大型の
純水装置をなくしてコストダウンと設置スペースの減少
を図ることができる。なお、水蒸気は蒸留水でなく普通
の清浄水を用いてガスタービンの排熱で容易に製造する
ことができる。
In an emergency, water or steam is injected from the same liquid fuel nozzle (14) to reduce NOx. However, the water injection time in an emergency is short (for example, within 20 minutes). By storing the pure water in a tank or the like, or by providing a small-sized pure water apparatus for supplying the pure water for a short time, a large-sized pure water apparatus can be eliminated, and cost reduction and installation space can be reduced. The steam can be easily produced by using the exhaust heat of the gas turbine using ordinary clean water instead of distilled water.

【0010】更に、非常時には、同じ液体燃料用ノズル
(14)から水又は水蒸気を噴射して低NOx化を図る
ので、液体燃料の配管系統を簡素化でき、かつ水による
腐食を最小限度に抑えることができる。
Furthermore, in an emergency, water or steam is injected from the same liquid fuel nozzle (14) to reduce NOx, so that the liquid fuel piping system can be simplified and corrosion due to water is minimized. be able to.

【0011】本発明の好ましい実施形態によれば、前記
ガス燃料用ノズル(12)は、ガス燃料と水蒸気をそれ
ぞれ供給する隣接したガス燃料ポート(11a)及び水
蒸気ポート(11b)と、供給されたガス燃料と水蒸気
を予混合する予混合室(13a)と、予混合ガスを噴射
する複数の噴射口(13b)とを備える。
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas fuel nozzle (12) is supplied with an adjacent gas fuel port (11a) and a steam port (11b) for supplying gas fuel and steam, respectively. A premixing chamber (13a) for premixing gaseous fuel and steam, and a plurality of injection ports (13b) for injecting the premixed gas are provided.

【0012】隣接したガス燃料ポート(11a)及び水
蒸気ポート(11b)と、予混合室(13a)を設けた
ことにより、ガス燃料と水蒸気の予混合を促進し、希薄
燃焼を促進しかつ火炎温度を下げて更に低NOx化を図
ることができる。
The provision of the adjoining gas fuel port (11a) and steam port (11b) and the premixing chamber (13a) promotes premixing of gaseous fuel and steam, promotes lean combustion and increases flame temperature. And NOx can be further reduced.

【0013】[0013]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形
態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明による非
発兼用燃料噴射ノズルの構成図である。この図におい
て、本発明の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズル10(常用/非常
用兼用ノズル)は、ガス燃料用ノズル12と液体燃料用
ノズル14とを備えている。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a non-generating fuel injection nozzle according to the present invention. In this figure, the non-generating fuel injection nozzle 10 (common / emergency nozzle) of the present invention includes a gas fuel nozzle 12 and a liquid fuel nozzle 14.

【0014】ガス燃料用ノズル12は、この例では、ガ
ス燃料1と水蒸気2をそれぞれ供給するガス燃料ポート
11a及び水蒸気ポート11bと、供給されたガス燃料
1と水蒸気2を予混合する予混合室13aと、予混合ガ
ス3を噴射する複数の噴射口13bとを備える。水蒸気
ポート11bは、ガス燃料入口部(ガス燃料ポート11
a)に隣接してこの例では斜めに設置され、予混合室1
3a内での混合を図るようになっている。また、予混合
室13aの直径と長さは、ガス燃料1と水蒸気2の混合
を促進し、かつ圧損を低く抑えるように、従来のガス燃
料通路とり太くかつ長くなっている。更に、噴射口13
bは予混合ガス3を従来と同等の速度で噴射するよう
に、従来よりも多く設けている。
In this example, the gas fuel nozzle 12 includes a gas fuel port 11a and a steam port 11b for supplying gas fuel 1 and steam 2, respectively, and a premix chamber for premixing the supplied gas fuel 1 and steam 2. 13a and a plurality of injection ports 13b for injecting the premixed gas 3 are provided. The steam port 11b is connected to the gas fuel inlet (the gas fuel port 11).
a) is installed in this example obliquely adjacent to a)
Mixing within 3a is achieved. The diameter and length of the premixing chamber 13a are large and long in the conventional gas fuel passage so as to promote the mixing of the gaseous fuel 1 and the steam 2 and to reduce the pressure loss. Further, the injection port 13
b is provided more than before so that the premixed gas 3 is injected at the same speed as before.

【0015】なお、好ましくはガスタービンの下流側に
排熱回収ボイラ等(図示せず)を備え、通常の清浄水を
用いて排熱で水蒸気を発生させ、水蒸気ポート11bに
供給するようになっている。
Preferably, an exhaust heat recovery boiler or the like (not shown) is provided downstream of the gas turbine, and steam is generated by exhaust heat using ordinary clean water and supplied to the steam port 11b. ing.

【0016】液体燃料用ノズル14は、この例では、中
心に位置するパイロットノズル14aとそのまわりに位
置するメインノズル14bとからなる。パイロットノズ
ル14aとメインノズル14bには、それぞれパイロッ
ト燃料パイプ15aとメイン燃料パイプ15bが連結さ
れており、それぞれ独立に液体燃料4、5(例えば灯
油)を供給するようになっている。また、この図で16
aはパイロットノズル14aの中心に設けられた調整ロ
ッドであり、パイロットノズル14aからの噴射流量を
微調整できるようになっている。さらに、16bは、ス
ワラであり、図示しないコンプレッサで圧縮された空気
流6を旋回させて液体燃料と空気との混合を促進するよ
うになっている。
In this example, the liquid fuel nozzle 14 includes a pilot nozzle 14a located at the center and a main nozzle 14b located around the pilot nozzle 14a. A pilot fuel pipe 15a and a main fuel pipe 15b are connected to the pilot nozzle 14a and the main nozzle 14b, respectively, so that liquid fuels 4, 5 (for example, kerosene) are supplied independently. In this figure, 16
Reference numeral a denotes an adjustment rod provided at the center of the pilot nozzle 14a, which can finely adjust the injection flow rate from the pilot nozzle 14a. A swirler 16b swirls the air flow 6 compressed by a compressor (not shown) to promote mixing of the liquid fuel and the air.

【0017】本発明では、更に非常時に水を短時間供給
する小型の純水装置(図示ぜす)を備え、非常時にはガ
ス燃料用ノズル12に水を噴射して低NOx化を図るよ
うになっている。なお、非常時にも水蒸気が利用できる
場合は、水の代わりに水蒸気を供給してもよい。
According to the present invention, a small-sized pure water device (shown in FIG. 1) for supplying water for a short time in an emergency is provided. In an emergency, water is injected into the gas fuel nozzle 12 to reduce NOx. ing. When steam can be used even in an emergency, steam may be supplied instead of water.

【0018】上述した本発明の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズル
10によれば、常用時にガス燃料1と水蒸気2を予混合
して噴射・燃焼させることにより、従来大量に必要だっ
た蒸留水を不要にし、水蒸気で低NOx化を図ることが
できる。
According to the non-generating fuel injection nozzle 10 of the present invention described above, the gas fuel 1 and the steam 2 are premixed and injected and burned during normal use, so that distilled water, which was conventionally required in large quantities, becomes unnecessary. In addition, NOx can be reduced by using steam.

【0019】また、非常時には、同じ液体燃料用ノズル
14から水又は水蒸気を噴射して低NOx化を図るが、
非常時の水噴射時間は短い(例えば20分以内)ので、
その分の純水をタンク等に保管し、或いは、水を短時間
供給する小型の純水装置を備えることで、大型の純水装
置をなくしてコストダウンと設置スペースの減少を図る
ことができる。なお、水蒸気は蒸留水でなく普通の清浄
水を用いてガスタービンの排熱で容易に製造することが
できる。
In an emergency, water or steam is injected from the same liquid fuel nozzle 14 to reduce NOx.
The water injection time in an emergency is short (for example, within 20 minutes)
By storing the deionized water in a tank or the like, or by providing a small deionized water device for supplying water for a short period of time, a large deionized water device can be eliminated, and cost reduction and installation space can be reduced. . The steam can be easily produced by using the exhaust heat of the gas turbine using ordinary clean water instead of distilled water.

【0020】更に、非常時には、同じ液体燃料用ノズル
14から水又は水蒸気を噴射して低NOx化を図るの
で、液体燃料の配管系統を簡素化でき、かつ水による腐
食を最小限度に抑えることができる。
Further, in an emergency, water or steam is injected from the same liquid fuel nozzle 14 to reduce NOx, so that the piping system for liquid fuel can be simplified and corrosion due to water can be minimized. it can.

【0021】[0021]

【実施例】上述した本発明の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルを
製作し、4〜6MW級非発兼用ガスタービンコージェネ
レーション設備に適用した結果、燃料都市ガスとNOx
低減用ノズル蒸気の供給圧力を従来と変えることなく予
混合ができ、かつガスタービン排出ガス中のNOx値が
100ppm@0%O2以下で運用できることが確認さ
れた。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The above-described non-generating fuel injection nozzle of the present invention was manufactured and applied to a 4 to 6 MW class non-generating gas turbine cogeneration facility.
It has been confirmed that the premixing can be performed without changing the supply pressure of the reducing nozzle steam from the conventional one, and the gas turbine exhaust gas can be operated at a NOx value of 100 ppm @ 0% O 2 or less.

【0022】また本発明の非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルにお
いて、燃料ガスラインの流路抵抗は、ガス専焼標準ノズ
ルの流路抵抗より若干小さく、また蒸気ラインの流量特
性はガス専焼標準ノズルの流量特性とほぼ同等という結
果が実証試験にて得られ、NOx低減特性においてもガ
ス専焼標準ノズルに比べて約5%程度良好な成果が達成
された。
In the fuel injection nozzle of the present invention, the flow resistance of the fuel gas line is slightly smaller than the flow resistance of the standard gas-fired standard nozzle, and the flow characteristics of the steam line are the flow characteristics of the gas-fired standard nozzle. The results were almost the same as those obtained in the verification test, and the NOx reduction characteristics achieved about 5% better results than the gas-fired standard nozzle.

【0023】なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限定さ
れず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更できる
ことは勿論である。
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

【0024】[0024]

【発明の効果】上述したように、本発明の非発兼用燃料
噴射ノズルは、大型の純水装置をなくしてコストダウン
と設置スペースの減少を図ることができ、かつ配管系統
を簡素化でき、水による腐食を最小限度に抑えることが
でき、更に従来以上に低NOx化と低圧損化ができる、
等の優れた効果を有する。
As described above, the non-generating fuel injection nozzle of the present invention can reduce the cost and installation space by eliminating a large-sized pure water device, and can simplify the piping system. Corrosion due to water can be minimized, and NOx and pressure drop can be reduced more than before.
And so on.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明による非発兼用燃料噴射ノズルの構成図
である。
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a non-generating fuel injection nozzle according to the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 ガス燃料 2 水蒸気 3 予混合ガス 4、5 液体燃料 6 空気流 10 非発兼用燃料噴射ノズル 11a ガス燃料ポート 11b 水蒸気ポート 12 ガス燃料用ノズル 13a 予混合室 13b 噴射口 14 液体燃料用ノズル 14a パイロットノズル 14b メインノズル 15a パイロット燃料パイプ 15b メイン燃料パイプ 16a 調整ロッド 16b スワラ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas fuel 2 Steam 3 Premixed gas 4, 5 Liquid fuel 6 Air flow 10 Non-generating fuel injection nozzle 11a Gas fuel port 11b Steam port 12 Gas fuel nozzle 13a Premix chamber 13b Injection port 14 Liquid fuel nozzle 14a Pilot Nozzle 14b Main nozzle 15a Pilot fuel pipe 15b Main fuel pipe 16a Adjustment rod 16b Swirler

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 杉本 尚旺 東京都江東区豊洲2丁目1番1号 石川島 播磨重工業株式会社東京第一工場内 (72)発明者 今村 龍三 東京都江東区豊洲2丁目1番1号 石川島 播磨重工業株式会社東京第一工場内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Naowang Sugimoto 2-1-1 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1st Factory (72) Inventor Ryuzo Imamura 2-Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo No. 1 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1st factory

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 常用時にガス燃料と水蒸気を予混合して
噴射・燃焼させかつ非常時に水又は水蒸気を噴射して低
NOx化を図るガス燃料用ノズル(12)と、非常時に
液体燃料を噴射・燃焼させる液体燃料用ノズル(14)
と、を備えたことを特徴とする非発兼用燃料噴射ノズ
ル。
1. A gas fuel nozzle (12) for premixing and injecting and burning gaseous fuel and water vapor in normal use to reduce NOx by injecting water or water vapor in an emergency, and injecting liquid fuel in an emergency .Liquid fuel nozzles to be burned (14)
And a non-general purpose fuel injection nozzle.
【請求項2】 純水を短時間供給する純水装置を備え
る、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非発兼用燃料噴
射ノズル。
2. The non-generative fuel injection nozzle according to claim 1, further comprising a pure water device for supplying pure water for a short time.
【請求項3】 前記ガス燃料用ノズル(12)は、ガス
燃料と水蒸気をそれぞれ供給する隣接したガス燃料ポー
ト(11a)及び水蒸気ポート(11b)と、供給され
たガス燃料と水蒸気を予混合する予混合室(13a)
と、予混合ガスを噴射する複数の噴射口(13b)とを
備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非発兼用燃
料噴射ノズル。
3. The gas fuel nozzle (12) pre-mixes the supplied gas fuel and steam with adjacent gas fuel ports (11a) and steam ports (11b) for supplying gas fuel and steam, respectively. Premixing chamber (13a)
The fuel injection nozzle according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of injection ports (13b) for injecting the premixed gas.
JP11211482A 1999-07-27 1999-07-27 Fuel jet nozzle for normal and emergency use Pending JP2001041454A (en)

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