JP2001035669A - Organic electroluminescence element and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic electroluminescence element allowing emission in a preset emission pattern and offering simplified construction permitting precise and stable emission in the preset pattern, and a manufacture of the organic electroluminescence element allowing emission in the preset emission pattern, thereby simplifying the organic electroluminescence element allowing precise and stable emission in the preset emission pattern. SOLUTION: An organic electroluminescence element emits a light in a preset emission pattern. It includes an anode 20, a cathode 40 and an organic luminous film 30 provided between the anode 20 and the cathode 40, the anode 20 being formed in wide and rough patterns including the emission pattern, the cathode 40 being formed corresponding to the emission pattern and the organic luminous film 30 being formed in non-patterned continuous shape including both the emission pattern and the pattern of each of the electrodes 20, 40.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device which emits light in a predetermined light emission pattern and a method of manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Organic electroluminescent devices are
Usually, an organic light emitting film made of an organic substance is provided between the anode and the cathode, and light is emitted by applying a voltage between the two electrodes. As an example of an organic electroluminescence device, a device in which single crystal anthracene or the like is used as a light emitting body in an organic light emitting film is disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,530,32.
No.5.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 59-194393 proposes a combination of a hole injection layer and an organic light emitting layer. JP-A-63-295695 proposes a combination of a hole injection transport layer and an electron injection transport layer. These stacked organic electroluminescent devices have a structure in which an organic phosphor, a charge transporting organic substance (charge transporting material) and an electrode are laminated, and holes injected from the anode side and holes injected from the cathode side. Electrons move through the charge transport material and recombine to form excitons, which emit light by exciting molecules of the luminescent material. As the organic phosphor, an organic dye which emits fluorescence such as an 8-quinolinol aluminum complex or a coumarin compound is used. Examples of the charge transporting material include N, N'-di (m-tolyl) N, N'-diphenylbenzidine and 1,1-bis [N, N-di (p-tolyl).
Diamino compounds such as [aminophenyl] cyclohexane, and 4- (N, N-diphenyl) aminobenzaldehyde-N, N-diphenylhydrazone compounds. Further, porphyrin compounds such as copper phthalocyanine have been proposed.

Some of such organic electroluminescent elements emit light in a predetermined light emitting pattern in addition to simply emitting light. Conventionally, various proposals have been made as a measure for causing the organic electroluminescence element to emit light in a predetermined light emission pattern. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-101883, after sealing a sealing film formed by a moisture-proof polymer film and an adhesive layer on the outer surface of an organic electroluminescence element, after cutting the upper electrode of the element, There has been proposed a method of patterning an organic electroluminescent element in which a light emitting pattern is formed by peeling.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-222371 proposes a fine patterning method for an electroluminescent element in which an electroluminescent element is finely patterned by using a laser ablation method. In JP-A-9-293589, an anode material, an organic material, a cathode material, and a protective film are sequentially formed on a light-transmitting substrate, and an anode, a light-emitting film made of an organic material, and a cathode are stacked and formed. Forming a resist on the protective film laminated on top and patterning the shape corresponding to the light emitting layer,
These laminated anode material, organic material, cathode material,
There has been proposed a method of obtaining an organic EL display by patterning a protective film by dry etching according to a pattern shape of a resist.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-50481 discloses an organic electroluminescent device in which an electron injection layer or a hole injection layer is formed in a pattern occupying a predetermined area, or an electron inflow suppression layer or a hole inflow suppression layer having a predetermined pattern. There has been proposed an organic electroluminescent element in which light emission in a region corresponding to a predetermined pattern is suppressed by forming a layer.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-284254, a transparent electrode on a glass substrate, an insulating layer having a through-hole formed in the shape of a light emitting pattern thereon, an organic layer thereon, and a metal electrode thereon are provided. An organic electroluminescence element formed by sequentially laminating has been proposed. JP Hei 10
JP-A-208882 discloses a cathode formed in a display pattern on an insulating substrate, an insulating layer having an opening and laminated on the cathode, and an electron injection layer laminated and formed on the opening. Patent application title: Organic electroluminescence device having a light emitting layer laminated on an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer laminated on the light emitting layer, and an anode laminated on the hole transport layer A method has been proposed.

[0008]

However, among the above proposals, a method of manufacturing an organic EL display described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-293589,
In the organic electroluminescence device described in Japanese Patent No. 284254, the organic electroluminescence device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-208882, and a method for manufacturing the same, it is necessary to provide a protective film and an insulating layer on the device. The element configuration becomes complicated, and it takes time and cost to manufacture. Also, a method of patterning an electroluminescent element taught by JP-A-5-101883, a method of finely patterning an electroluminescent element described in JP-A-8-222371, and a method disclosed in JP-A-9-293589 are proposed. Organic EL
In a method of manufacturing a display or the like, it is necessary to separately introduce an apparatus for pattern-processing the element, and the manufacturing of the element becomes complicated, resulting in high cost.

In addition to the above-mentioned proposal, as a measure for causing the organic electroluminescent element to emit light in a predetermined light emitting pattern, for example, a cathode, an organic light emitting film and an anode are patterned according to a predetermined light emitting pattern, and are formed on a substrate. It is conceivable to form a laminate, but in this case,
In order to pattern the cathode, the organic light emitting film and the anode, respectively, the alignment must be strictly performed. If the patterned cathode, the organic light emitting film and the anode are misaligned, a part of the light emitting pattern is lost (for example, light emission If the pattern is a character pattern, character missing) may occur,
There is a possibility that unexpected emission of light from the wiring portion, a short circuit between the electrodes, or the like may occur.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescence element which emits light in a predetermined light emission pattern, and which has a simple structure which emits light accurately and stably in a predetermined light emission pattern. I do. Further, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element which emits light in a predetermined light emitting pattern, and which can easily obtain an organic electroluminescent element which emits light accurately and stably in a predetermined light emitting pattern. It is an object to provide a method for manufacturing an element.

[0011]

According to the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent device which emits light in a predetermined light emitting pattern, comprising an anode, a cathode, and an organic light emitting film between the anode and the cathode. One of the anode and the cathode is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, the other electrode is formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern, and the organic light emitting film is An organic electroluminescence element and an anode, an anode, a cathode and an organic light emitting film between the two electrodes, which are formed in a non-patterned continuous plane including both the light emitting pattern and the respective patterns of the two electrodes, A method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element that emits light in a predetermined light emission pattern, wherein one of the two electrodes is placed on a substrate. Forming a broad rough pattern including the light emitting pattern (or a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern), and forming the organic light emitting film entirely on the substrate from above the electrode formed on the substrate And a step of forming the other of the two electrodes on the organic light emitting film formed on the substrate in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern (or in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern). A method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device, comprising:

In the organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention, one of the anode and the cathode is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern. Note that this electrode pattern may be formed in a coarser pattern than the light emitting pattern as long as it includes the light emitting pattern, and a fine pattern is not required. The other electrode is formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern. In addition, the organic light emitting film between the two electrodes is formed in a non-patterned continuous plane including both the light emitting pattern and the respective patterns of the both electrodes (in a continuous plane not intentionally patterned). ing.

By applying a predetermined voltage between the electrode formed in the rough pattern and the electrode formed in the light emitting pattern, the non-patterned continuous organic light emitting film between the electrodes is formed. It emits light in a light emission pattern. According to the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, one of the anode and the cathode is formed in a wide and rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, so that the pattern is less likely to be disconnected. In addition, since one of the anode and the cathode is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, even if the anode and the cathode are roughly aligned with each other, a part of the light emitting pattern is not affected. Chipping, for example, when the light-emitting pattern is a character pattern, can suppress occurrence of character chipping, unexpected light emission from a wiring portion, a short circuit between electrodes, and the like.

According to the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, the structure is simple because there is no need to provide a protective film or an insulating layer as in the prior art. As described above, the organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention can emit light accurately and stably with a predetermined light emission pattern, and has a simple structure.

In the method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, first, one of the two electrodes is formed on a substrate in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern (or in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern). And then forming the organic light-emitting film entirely on the substrate from above the electrodes formed on the substrate, and further forming the other of the two electrodes on the substrate. A pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern above (or a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern)
Form. When the electrode is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, the electrode may be formed in a coarser pattern than the light emitting pattern as long as the electrode includes the light emitting pattern, and the formation of a fine pattern is not required.

According to the method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, one of the anode and the cathode is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, so that the pattern is less likely to be disconnected. An element can be obtained. Further, since one of the anode and the cathode is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, even if the anode and the cathode are roughly aligned with each other, a part of the light emitting pattern is missing, An element which can suppress occurrence of unexpected light emission such as a wiring portion and short-circuit between electrodes can be obtained.

According to the method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, the organic light emitting film is formed on the entire surface of the substrate from the electrode formed on the substrate. There is no need for a step for patterning the light emitting film. Therefore, the manufacture of the element is simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced accordingly.

As described above, according to the method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, an organic electroluminescence device that emits light stably with a predetermined light emission pattern with high accuracy can be easily obtained. The organic electroluminescence element of the present invention is applicable to various display devices, display devices, and infinders of optical devices such as cameras.

The following cases can be exemplified as embodiments of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention. That is,
The electrode formed in the rough pattern is an anode, the electrode formed in the light emitting pattern is a cathode, the anode is a transparent electrode, and the cathode is an organic electroluminescence element made of a metal having a small work function. , And the organic electroluminescent device, wherein the anode and the cathode are both transparent electrodes.

When the element of the above-described embodiment is used for an infinder, the cathode made of a metal having a small work function is opaque, so that it is desirable to form the pattern as thin as possible. Note that the metal electrode has a low electric resistance and can be formed into a thin pattern. When the anode and / or the cathode are transparent electrodes, examples of the material that can be used for the transparent electrode include ITO (indium tin oxide) and zinc-added indium tin oxide (for example, I
ZO), ZnO, CuS and the like.

For example, when ITO is used as the electrode material formed in the rough pattern, since ITO has a high specific resistance, it is possible to prevent non-uniformity of display and an increase in applied voltage by roughly patterning the ITO. . Further, by roughly patterning the ITO, it is possible to prevent dielectric breakdown caused by short circuit due to charge concentration on the pattern edge.

In the organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, either the anode or the cathode may be formed on a transparent substrate, and the organic light emitting film may be formed on the transparent substrate via the anode or the cathode. May be formed over the entire surface. In the method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, a transparent substrate may be used as the substrate. Further, an electrode made of a metal having a small work function may be used as the cathode, or a transparent electrode may be used.

In any case, the organic light emitting film may have a single-layer structure or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked. As the organic light-emitting film having a configuration in which a plurality of layers are stacked, a layer including a layer for electron injection forming an interface with the cathode for facilitating electron injection from the interface with the cathode; Examples include a layer including a layer for hole injection forming an interface with the anode for facilitating hole injection from the interface with the anode. More specifically, the following can be exemplified as the configuration of the organic light emitting film. From the anode side to the cathode side, a layer in which a hole transfer-related layer and an organic light-emitting layer are laminated. From the anode side to the cathode side, a layer in which a hole transfer-related layer, an organic light-emitting layer, and an electron transfer layer are laminated, from the anode side. An organic light emitting layer and an electron transfer related layer are laminated on the cathode side.

The hole transfer-related layer and the electron transfer-related layer may be provided as needed according to the characteristics of the electrodes and the characteristics of the organic light emitting layer. In the above, the hole transport-related layer is selected from the group consisting of a) a hole injection layer, b) a hole transport layer, c) a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, and d) a hole injection layer. And the electron transfer-related layers include a) an electron injection layer, b) an electron transport layer,
It can be any layer selected from the group consisting of c) an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer, and d) an electron injection and transport layer. Each of these layers may be appropriately selected and provided according to the characteristics of the electrode and the characteristics of the organic light emitting layer.

In the above, in the organic light emitting layer, for example, all or a part of the hole transport layer or the hole injection / transport layer, or all or a part of the electron transport layer or the electron injection / transport layer is doped with a fluorescent substance. By doing so, all or a part of these layers can be used as a light emitting layer. In the organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, the device can be driven statically to emit light in a predetermined light emission pattern. By employing such a driving method, an element having a simpler structure can be provided at low cost.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of an example of the organic electroluminescence device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG. 1 and 2
Is a device that emits light in a predetermined light emission pattern (in the illustrated example, alphabetic characters “WXYZ”), and is formed on a transparent glass substrate 10 by ITO (indium tin oxide).
The transparent electrode anode 20 is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern. The pattern of the transparent electrode 20 is different from other segments, for example, the character "W".
As long as it does not overlap or short-circuit with the characters "XYZ"
As long as the light emitting pattern is included, the light emitting pattern may be formed in a coarser pattern than the light emitting pattern, and a fine pattern is not required.

An organic light emitting film 30 is formed on a transparent substrate 10 by an anode 2
0 is formed over the entire surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the organic light emitting film 30 includes a layered hole injection / transport layer 31 and an organic light emitting layer 32 here. The hole injection / transport layer 31 is overlaid on the anode 20, and the organic light emitting layer 32 is overlaid on the cathode 40. This organic light emitting film 30
Is formed entirely on the transparent substrate 10 via the anode 20 without using a special method such as a photolithography method or a mask evaporation method.

A cathode 40 made of metal is formed thereon in a pattern corresponding to the light emission pattern. The pattern of the metal electrode 40 becomes the light emitting pattern. FIG.
In the organic electroluminescent device shown in FIG. 2, by applying a positive DC voltage to the anode 20 and a negative DC voltage to the cathode 40, the organic light emitting film 30 emits light in the pattern of the metal electrode 40, that is, the light emitting pattern.

According to this organic electroluminescence element, since the anode 20 is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern, the pattern is less likely to be disconnected. Further, since the anode 20 is formed in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern,
Even if the patterned anode 20 and cathode 40 are roughly aligned with each other, it is possible to suppress occurrence of chipping of characters, unexpected emission of light from a wiring portion, and short-circuit between electrodes.

Further, according to the organic electroluminescent device, the structure is simple because there is no need to provide a protective film or an insulating layer as in the prior art. As described above, in the organic electroluminescence device shown in FIGS.
Light can be stably emitted, and the structure is simple.

As the conductive material used as the anode of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention as well as the anode 20 of the organic electroluminescence device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a conductive material having a work function larger than about 4 eV is used. Preferably, a substance is used. Such materials include carbon, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper,
In addition to metals such as zinc, tungsten, silver, tin, gold, and alloys containing them, conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide, indium oxide, antimony oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, and solid solutions and mixtures thereof And a conductive compound such as a conductive metal compound.

At least the anode or the cathode needs to be a transparent electrode so that light emission can be seen in the organic electroluminescence device. At this time, if a transparent electrode is used for the cathode, the transparency is easily impaired, so that the anode is preferably a transparent electrode. When forming a transparent electrode,
On a transparent substrate, using any one of the above-described conductive materials, a method such as vacuum deposition or sputtering, a sol-gel method, or a method such as dispersing and applying such a material to a resin or the like is used. What is necessary is just to form so that the translucency and electroconductivity of this may be ensured.

The transparent substrate is not particularly limited as long as it has a suitable strength and is not adversely affected by heat during the production of an organic electroluminescence device, the deposition of a film or the like, and is transparent. For example, a glass substrate and a transparent resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethersulfone, and polyetheretherketone can be given. Examples of a transparent electrode formed on a glass substrate include a transparent electrode formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) on a glass substrate, NE
You may use the thing by which the transparent electrode formed on the glass substrate by the Corning company, which is commonly called SA glass.

After forming the transparent electrode film, the anode can be patterned into various shapes. For this patterning, a general method such as a photolithography method and a mask evaporation method can be used. For example, when ITO is used for the transparent electrode, patterning can be easily performed by an etching method or the like. The anode needs to be sufficiently washed to make it easier for hole injection to occur. When necessary, the anode may be cleaned by a cleaning method using light from an excimer lamp, a wet cleaning method, a cleaning method using a plasma treatment, or a cleaning method using ultraviolet (UV) / ozone (O ₃ ). it can. Further, by combining these cleaning methods, more effective cleaning can be performed.

In addition to the organic light-emitting film 30 of the organic electroluminescence device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic light-emitting film of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention may be formed by, for example, vacuum evaporation or spin coating. A method capable of forming a uniform thin film can be used. The thickness of the organic light emitting film is not limited to 30 nm from the viewpoint of obtaining a low driving voltage and good luminous efficiency.
To 200 nm. In addition, a dopant may be included in the organic light-emitting film for the purpose of controlling the emission color, improving the emission efficiency, and the like.

Next, the fabrication of the device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the device having the structure shown in FIGS. A commercially available ITO (indium tin oxide) glass substrate is patterned by etching, and the anode 20 is formed on the transparent glass substrate 10 into a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern.

Next, a hole injection / transport layer 31 is entirely formed on the transparent substrate 10 from above the anode 20. As the hole injecting and transporting material that can be used for forming the hole injecting and transporting layer in the device according to the present invention, including the illustrated hole injecting and transporting layer 31, a known material can be used.

For example, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-
Bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-
4,4'-diamine, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N '
-Bis (4-methylphenyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N, N'-diphenyl-N,
N'-bis (1-naphthyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-
4,4'-diamine, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N '
-Bis (2-naphthyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-4,
4'-diamine, N, N'-tetra (4-methylphenyl) -1,1'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -4
4'-diamine, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -4,4'-diamine, N, N'- Bis (N-carbazolyl) -1,1′-diphenyl-4
4'-diamine, 4,4 ', 4 "-tris (N-carbazolyl) triphenylamine, N, N', N" -triphenyl-N, N ', N "-tris (3-methylphenyl)- 1,3,5-tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 4,4 ', 4 "-tris [N, N', N" -triphenyl-N, N ', N "-tris (3-methylphenyl )] Triphenylamine and the like.
These may be used as a mixture of two or more.

The hole injecting and transporting layer in the device according to the present invention, including the hole injecting and transporting layer 31, may be formed by vapor deposition of the above hole injecting and transporting material, May be formed by a coating method such as a dip coating method or a spin coating method using a solution in which is dissolved or a solution in which a hole injecting and transporting material is dissolved together with an appropriate resin. When formed by a vapor deposition method, the thickness is about 30 nm to 100 nm. When formed by a coating method, the thickness is 50 nm to 200 n.
m may be formed.

Next, the organic light emitting layer 32 is formed on the entire surface of the hole injection transport layer 31. As the organic light emitting material used for forming the organic light emitting layer in the device according to the present invention, including the organic light emitting layer 32, known materials can be used. For example, epidolidine, 2,5-bis [5,7-di-
t-pentyl-2-benzoxazolyl] thiophene,
2,2 '-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene) bisbenzothiazole, 2,2'-(4,4'-biphenylene)
Bisbenzothiazole, 5-methyl-2- @ 2- [4-
(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) phenyl] vinyl} benzoxazole, 2,5-bis (5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene, anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene,
Perylene, perinone, 1,4-diphenylbutadiene,
Tetraphenylbutadiene, coumarin, acridine, stilbene, 2- (4-biphenyl) -6-phenylbenzoxazole, aluminum trisoxine, magnesium bisoxin, bis (benzo-8-quinolinol) zinc, bis (2-methyl-8- (Quinolinol) aluminum oxide, indium trisoxin, aluminum tris (5-methyloxin), lithium oxine, gallium trisoxin, calcium bis (5-
Chlorooxin), polyzinc-bis (8-hydroxy-)
5-quinolinolyl) methane, dilithium epindridione, zinc bisoxin, 1,2-phthaloperinone, 1,
Examples thereof include 2-naphthaloperinone and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex. Also, common fluorescent dyes such as fluorescent coumarin dye, fluorescent perylene dye, fluorescent pyran dye, fluorescent thiopyran dye,
Fluorescent polymethine dyes, fluorescent mesocyanine dyes, fluorescent imidazole dyes and the like can also be used. Among them, particularly preferred are chelated oxinoid compounds.

The organic light-emitting layer may have a single-layer structure made of the above-mentioned light-emitting substance, or may have a multi-layer structure in order to adjust characteristics such as light emission color and light emission intensity. Further, two or more kinds of light-emitting substances may be mixed or doped with a light-emitting substance (for example, a fluorescent dye such as rubrene or coumarin). The organic light emitting layer in the device according to the present invention, including the organic light emitting layer 32, may be formed by evaporating the organic light emitting material as described above, or a solution in which the organic light emitting material is dissolved or an appropriate organic light emitting material. Using a solution dissolved with resin,
It may be formed by a coating method such as a dip coating method or a spin coating method. When formed by vapor deposition, the thickness is 1n
In the case where the thickness is set to about m to 200 nm and formed by a coating method, the thickness may be set to about 5 to 500 nm.

As the thickness of the organic light-emitting layer is larger, the applied voltage for emitting light needs to be higher, so that the luminous efficiency is deteriorated and the organic electroluminescent element is liable to be deteriorated. When the film thickness is small, the luminous efficiency is improved, but the breakdown is easy and the life of the organic electroluminescent element is shortened. Therefore, the film may be formed in the above thickness range in consideration of the luminous efficiency and the life of the element.

Next, the cathode 40 is formed on the organic light-emitting layer 32 by mask vapor deposition in a pattern corresponding to the light-emitting pattern. As the material for forming the cathode in the device according to the present invention including the cathode 40, a material containing a metal having a work function smaller than 4 eV is preferable, and magnesium, calcium, titanium, yttrium, lithium, gadolinium, ytterbium, ruthenium , Manganese and alloys containing them. Alternatively, magnesium and silver may be used as materials for forming the cathode, and the cathode may be formed by co-evaporating them. In this case, fabrication of the electrode is easy, and stable light emission characteristics can be obtained.

In each set of electrodes consisting of a cathode and an anode, an appropriate lead wire such as a nichrome wire, a gold wire, a copper wire, a platinum wire, etc. is connected to each electrode, and an appropriate voltage is applied to both electrodes via the lead wires. The element emits light by applying. In the above description, FIG.
Although the description has been given of the production of the organic electroluminescence element having the configuration shown in FIG. 2, the organic electroluminescence element having another configuration can be produced by following the production example described above.

For example, a hole injection layer may be formed in the organic light emitting film to facilitate hole injection from the interface with the anode. As the hole injection material that can be used for forming the hole injection layer, known materials can be used, and examples thereof include indanthrone pigment, copper phthalocyanine, starburst amine, and polyaniline.

In the organic light emitting film, an electron injection layer or an electron injection transport layer may be formed to facilitate electron injection and transport from the interface with the cathode. As an electron injection material or an electron transport material for forming the electron injection layer or the electron injection transport layer, known materials can be used. For example, 2-
(4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2- (1
-Naphthyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl)
―1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,4-bis ｛2-
[5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4
-Oxadiazolyl] {benzene, 1,3-bis} 2-
[5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4
-Oxadiazolyl] {benzene, 4,4'-bis} 2
-[5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,
4-oxadiazolyl] @biphenyl, 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl)
-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2- (1-naphthyl)
-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4
-Thiadiazole, 1,4-bis @ 2- [5- (4-t
tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazolyl] {benzene, 1,3-bis} 2- [5- (4-te
rt-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazolyl] {benzene, 4,4′-bis} 2- [5- (4-t
tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazolyl] biphenyl, 3- (4-biphenylyl) -4-
Phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl)-
1,2,4-triazole, 3- (1-naphthyl) -4
-Phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl)-
1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-bis ｛3- [4-
Phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl)-
1,2,4-triazolyl] {benzene, 1,3-bis} 2- [1-phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-triazolyl]} benzene,
4,4'-bis @ 2- [1-phenyl-5- (4-te
rt-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-triazolyl] {biphenyl, 1,3,5-tris} 2- [5-
(4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]} benzene, potassium acetylacetonate and the like. These may be used as a mixture of two or more. Further, among substances used as an organic light emitting material, such as a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex, a substance having a relatively high electron transporting ability can be used.

The electron injecting layer or the electron injecting / transporting layer may be formed by vapor deposition of the above electron injecting material or electron transporting material, or may be formed by dissolving the electron injecting material, the electron injecting material, or the electron injecting material. Alternatively, a liquid in which an electron transporting material is dissolved together with a suitable resin may be formed by a coating method such as a dip coating method or a spin coating method. The thickness may be about 1 nm to 500 nm when formed by an evaporation method, and about 5 nm to 1000 nm when formed by a coating method.

The organic electroluminescence device described above can be applied to various display devices, display devices, and infinders of optical devices such as cameras. Hereinafter, a production example of the present invention will be described. -Production example The organic electroluminescence device produced in the production example is shown in Figs. FIG. 3 is a plan view of an electrode forming mask for forming electrodes in a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern, and FIG. 4 is an electrode forming mask for forming electrodes in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern. FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the mask.

A photoresist material was applied on the whole surface of a commercially available glass substrate with an ITO film (ITO substrate) by spin coating, and then the photoresist material was applied.
Ultraviolet rays were irradiated onto the TO substrate through the mask 1 shown in FIG. 3, and the ITO pattern portion irradiated with the ultraviolet rays, that is, the portion where the ultraviolet rays were not blocked by the mask 1 was cured. The ITO substrate was washed to remove the photoresist material that was not cured by being irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and a portion covered with the photoresist material and a portion where the ITO was not covered and the ITO was exposed were formed on the ITO substrate. Then 60
Immersion in 3% hydrochloric acid heated to 30 ° C. for 30 minutes to remove the exposed portion of the ITO which was not covered with the photoresist material, and then sufficiently washed with water, and cured the photoresist on the ITO pattern portion in a 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The material is removed and a transparent electrode made of ITO (here, anode 2) is formed on the transparent substrate 10.
0) was formed in a wide rough pattern including a light emission pattern. The state is shown in FIG.

The ITO substrate shown in FIG. 5 was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in a surfactant aqueous solution for 5 minutes, further irradiated with light from an excimer lamp for 5 minutes, and further exposed to oxygen plasma for 10 minutes. Was washed. The ITO substrate thus cleaned is set on a holder in a film forming apparatus, and N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'- is placed on the ITO substrate under a vacuum of 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ Torr or less. Screw (3
-Methylphenyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-4,4 '
-Diamine is deposited at a rate of 1Å / sec by resistance heating.
A hole injection transport layer 31 was formed by forming a film with a thickness of 60 nm using c.

Subsequently, a 60 nm-thick tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was formed on the hole injecting / transporting layer 31 at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec to form an organic light emitting layer 32. The above organic materials were deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30 composed of a hole injection / transport layer 31 and an organic light emitting layer 32 over the entire surface.

Next, Mg (magnesium) and Ag (silver)
Is used as an evaporation source, and Mg is deposited by co-evaporation using a resistance heating method.
And Ag at a deposition rate ratio of 10: 1, and the cathode 4
A vapor deposition layer of about 200 nm was formed through the mask 2 shown in FIG. 4 as 0, and the cathode 40 was formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emission pattern. In a glove box filled with nitrogen,
A cleaned sealing glass substrate (not shown) was placed above the device fabricated as described above, and an ultraviolet curable resin was applied to a peripheral portion thereof to seal the device.

The device thus sealed was taken out of the glove box, and the device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 200 seconds to cure the ultraviolet curing resin around the sealing glass substrate. Through the steps as described above, an organic electroluminescence device was manufactured. Manufacturing Example FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the organic electroluminescence element manufactured in the manufacturing example.

Using the same substrate as the ITO substrate used in the fabrication example, the anode 20 as a transparent electrode was patterned on the glass substrate 10 as shown in FIG. . The ITO substrate on which the anode 20 has been patterned and washed in this manner is set on a holder in a film forming apparatus, and 1.0 × 10 ^{−5 is} placed on the ITO substrate.
A 15 nm thick indanthrone pigment was formed at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec by a resistance heating method under a vacuum of Torr or less to form a hole injection layer 33.

Subsequently, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-is formed on the hole injection layer 33.
1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-diamine was deposited to a thickness of 60 nm at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec by a resistance heating method,
The hole transport layer 34 was formed. Subsequently, a 60 nm thick tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was formed on the hole transporting layer 34 at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec to form the organic light emitting layer 32.

These organic materials are deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30a composed of a hole injection layer 33, a hole transport layer 34, and an organic light emitting layer 32 over the entire surface. did. Next, Mg (magnesium) and Ag
Using (silver) as a vapor deposition source, a vapor deposition layer of about 200 nm was formed as a cathode 40 on the light emitting layer 32 with a mask 2 shown in FIG. The cathode 40 was formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emission pattern.

The device thus manufactured was sealed in the same manner as in the manufacturing example. Through the steps as described above, an organic electroluminescence device was manufactured. Manufacturing Example FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the organic electroluminescence element manufactured in the manufacturing example.

Using the same substrate as the ITO substrate used in the fabrication example, the anode 20 as a transparent electrode was patterned on the glass substrate 10 as shown in FIG. . The ITO substrate on which the anode 20 has been patterned and washed in this manner is set on a holder in a film forming apparatus, and 1.0 × 10 ^{−5 is} placed on the ITO substrate.
A 15 nm thick indanthrone pigment was formed at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec by a resistance heating method under a vacuum of Torr or less to form a hole injection layer 33.

Subsequently, N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-is formed on the hole injection layer 33.
1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-diamine was deposited to a thickness of 60 nm at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec by a resistance heating method,
The hole transport layer 34 was formed. Subsequently, a 20 nm-thick film of a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex and a fluorescent dye DCM was formed on the hole transport layer at a deposition rate ratio of 100: 1 to form an organic light emitting layer 32 '.

Subsequently, a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was formed to a thickness of 55 nm on the organic light emitting layer 32 'at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec to form the organic light emitting layer 32. These organic materials are deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30b composed of a hole injection layer 33, a hole transport layer 34, and organic light emitting layers 32 'and 32 over the entire surface. did.

Next, Mg (magnesium) and Ag (silver)
Is used as an evaporation source, and Mg is deposited by co-evaporation using a resistance heating method.
And Ag at a deposition rate ratio of 10: 1, and the cathode 4
A vapor deposition layer of about 200 nm was formed through the mask 2 shown in FIG. 4 as 0, and the cathode 40 was formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emission pattern. The element thus manufactured was sealed in the same manner as in the production example.

An organic electroluminescence device was manufactured through the steps described above. Production Example FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the organic electroluminescence device produced in the production example, and FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a plan view of an electrode forming mask for forming an electrode in a pattern corresponding to a light emitting pattern excluding a wiring portion. FIG. 11 is a plan view of a mask for forming an electrode wiring portion. Show.

Using the same substrate as the ITO substrate used in the production example, the anode 20 as a transparent electrode was patterned on the glass substrate 10 as shown in FIG. . The ITO substrate on which the anode 20 has been patterned and washed in this manner is set on a holder in a film forming apparatus, and 1.0 × 10 ^{−5 is} placed on the ITO substrate.
N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'- under vacuum below Torr
Bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-
4,4′-diamine is deposited at a deposition rate of 1 by resistance heating.
A 60 nm film was formed at ６０ / sec to form the hole injection / transport layer 31.

Subsequently, a 60 nm-thick tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was formed on the hole injecting / transporting layer 31 at a deposition rate of 1 / sec to form an organic light emitting layer 32. The above organic materials were deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30 composed of a hole injection / transport layer 31 and an organic light emitting layer 32 over the entire surface.

Next, Mg (magnesium) and Ag (silver)
Is used as an evaporation source, and Mg is deposited by co-evaporation using a resistance heating method.
A vapor deposition layer of about 200 nm was formed on the light emitting layer 32 as a cathode 40 ′ excluding the wiring portion at a vapor deposition rate ratio of 10: 1 and Ag of FIG.
The cathode 40 'was formed through the mask 3 shown in FIG. Next, a cathode 40 'formed of a cathode 40' excluding the wiring portion and a wiring portion 40 "was formed thereon by sputtering using ITO as a wiring portion 40" of the electrode through the mask 4 shown in FIG.

In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a cleaned sealing glass substrate (not shown) is disposed above the device fabricated as described above, and an ultraviolet curable resin is applied to a peripheral portion of the device. Was sealed. The device sealed in this manner was taken out of the glove box, and the device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 200 seconds to cure the ultraviolet curable resin around the sealing glass substrate.

Through the above steps, an organic electroluminescence device was manufactured. Manufacturing Example FIG. 12 shows a plan view of the organic electroluminescence device manufactured in the manufacturing example, and FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG. The commercially available glass substrate 10 is washed with acetone and ethanol, subjected to ultrasonic treatment in an aqueous solution of a surfactant, irradiated with laser light from an excimer laser, and then subjected to dry etching on the glass substrate 10 in the presence of oxygen. Was performed to wash the substrate surface.

On the glass substrate 10 thus cleaned, magnesium and silver were deposited as a cathode 40 at a deposition rate of 10: 1 under a high vacuum of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less through a mask 2 shown in FIG. By co-evaporation, the cathode 40 was formed in a pattern corresponding to the emission pattern. FIG. 14 shows this state. Subsequently, aluminum trisoxine was formed as an organic light emitting layer 32 on the glass substrate 10 on which the cathode 40 shown in FIG. 14 was formed under a high vacuum of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less for 75 n.
m was deposited.

Subsequently, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-diamine was added as a hole injecting / transporting layer 31 to 5 μm. 75 nm was deposited under a high vacuum of × 10 ^-6 Torr or less.
The above organic materials were deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30 composed of a hole injection / transport layer 31 and an organic light emitting layer 32 over the entire surface.

Next, the ITO was formed thereon by sputtering.
Was formed through the mask 1 shown in FIG. 3 as the anode 20, and the anode 20 was formed in a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern. The element thus manufactured was sealed in the same manner as in the production example. Through the steps as described above, an organic electroluminescence device was manufactured. Manufacturing Example FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the organic electroluminescence element manufactured in the manufacturing example.

A glass substrate 1 was used in the same manner as in the manufacturing example except that the same mask as the ITO substrate used in the manufacturing example was used and the mask 2 shown in FIG. 4 was used instead of the mask 1 shown in FIG.
The anode 20 as a transparent electrode was patterned on the substrate 0, and was cleaned. That is, ultraviolet rays were irradiated on the ITO substrate coated with the photoresist material through the mask 2 shown in FIG. 4, and the portions irradiated with the ultraviolet rays, that is, the parts where the ultraviolet rays were not blocked by the mask 2 were cured. Less than,
In the same manner as in the production example, a transparent electrode (here, anode 20) made of ITO was formed on the transparent substrate 10 in a pattern corresponding to the light emission pattern.

On this ITO substrate, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1, as a hole injection / transport layer 31 under a high vacuum of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less.
75 nm of 1′-diphenyl-4,4′-diamine was deposited. Subsequently, aluminum trisoxine was vapor-deposited thereon as an organic light-emitting layer 32 under a high vacuum of 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr or less at a thickness of 75 nm.

Subsequently, potassium acetylacetonate was similarly applied as the electron injecting and transporting layer 35 at 5 × 10 ⁻⁶ Torr.
2 nm was deposited under the following high vacuum. These organic materials were deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30c composed of the hole injection / transport layer 31, the organic light emitting layer 32, and the electron injection / transport layer 35 over the entire surface.

Next, ITO is formed on the ITO by sputtering.
Was formed through the mask 1 shown in FIG. 3 as the cathode 40, and the cathode 40 was formed in a wide rough pattern including a light emission pattern. The element thus manufactured was sealed in the same manner as in the production example. Through the steps as described above, an organic electroluminescence device was manufactured. Manufacturing Example FIG. 16 shows a plan view of the organic electroluminescence device manufactured in the manufacturing example, and FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG.

A commercially available ITO substrate was washed with acetone and ethanol, and ultrasonically treated in an aqueous solution of a surfactant.
The substrate was irradiated with laser light from an excimer laser, and the ITO substrate was subjected to dry etching in the presence of oxygen to clean the substrate surface. A black positive type photolithographic ink 5 is formed on the ITO substrate thus cleaned.
Was applied to the entire surface, and the ink 5 was exposed by a photolithography method, exposing the ITO pattern portion while leaving the same pattern as the mask pattern shown in FIG. 3, and the anode 20 was formed into a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern.

The substrate on which the anode 20 was formed was set on a holder in a film forming apparatus, and 1.0 × 10 ^-5 To
N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'-diphenyl-
4,4′-diamine is deposited at a deposition rate of 1 by resistance heating.
A 60 nm film was formed at ６０ / sec to form the hole injection / transport layer 31.

Subsequently, a 60 nm-thick tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was formed on the hole injecting / transporting layer 31 at a deposition rate of 1 ° / sec to form an organic light emitting layer 32. The above organic materials were deposited on the entire surface of the substrate without using a mask to form an organic light emitting film 30 composed of a hole injection / transport layer 31 and an organic light emitting layer 32 over the entire surface.

Next, Mg (magnesium) and Ag (silver)
Is used as an evaporation source, and Mg is deposited by co-evaporation using a resistance heating method.
And Ag at a deposition rate ratio of 10: 1, and the cathode 4
A vapor deposition layer of about 200 nm was formed through the mask 2 shown in FIG. 4 as 0, and the cathode 40 was formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emission pattern. In a glove box filled with nitrogen,
A cleaned sealing glass substrate (not shown) was placed above the device fabricated as described above, and an ultraviolet curable resin was applied to a peripheral portion thereof to seal the device.

The device thus sealed was taken out of the glove box, and the device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 200 seconds to cure the ultraviolet curable resin around the sealing glass substrate. Through the steps as described above, an organic electroluminescence device was manufactured.

[0080]

As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent element which emits light in a predetermined light emitting pattern, and which has a simple structure which emits light accurately and stably in a predetermined light emitting pattern. Can be provided.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element which emits light in a predetermined light emitting pattern, wherein an organic electroluminescent element which emits light accurately and stably in a predetermined light emitting pattern can be easily obtained. It is possible to provide a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device that can be used.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an example of an organic electroluminescence element according to the present invention, showing an element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of an electrode forming mask for forming electrodes in a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an electrode forming mask for forming electrodes in a pattern corresponding to a light emitting pattern.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which an anode made of ITO is formed in a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern on a transparent substrate from a production example.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of an organic electroluminescence element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of an organic electroluminescence element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of an organic electroluminescence element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

9 is a sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of an electrode forming mask for forming an electrode excluding a wiring portion in a pattern corresponding to a light emitting pattern.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a mask for forming a wiring portion of an electrode.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of an organic electroluminescent element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

13 is a sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 shows a state in which a cathode is formed on a glass substrate in a pattern corresponding to a light emission pattern in a production example.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a schematic configuration of an organic electroluminescence element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of an organic electroluminescence element manufactured in a manufacturing example.

17 is a sectional view of a schematic configuration of the device shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 Electrode formation mask 3 Electrode formation mask except wiring part 4 Mask for forming electrode wiring part 5 Black positive type photolithographic ink 10 Transparent glass substrate 20 Transparent made of ITO (indium tin oxide) Electrode anode 30, 30a, 30b, 30c Organic light-emitting film 31 Hole injection / transport layer 32, 32 'Organic light-emitting layer 33 Hole injection layer 34 Hole transport layer 35 Electron injection / transport layer 40 Cathode 40' Wiring portion was removed. Cathode 40 "electrode wiring section

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Keiichi Furukawa, 2-3-13 Azuchicho, Chuo-ku, Osaka City Inside Osaka International Building Minolta Co., Ltd. (72) Yoshihisa Terasaka 2-3-3, Azuchicho, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi No. 13 Osaka International Building Minolta Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 3K007 AB03 AB04 AB05 AB06 AB18 CA01 CA05 CB01 DA00 DB03 EB00 FA01

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An organic electroluminescence device which emits light in a predetermined light emitting pattern, comprising an anode, a cathode, and an organic light emitting film between the anode and the cathode, wherein one of the anode and the cathode has the light emitting pattern. The other electrode is formed in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern, and the organic light emitting film includes a non-light emitting pattern including both the light emitting pattern and each pattern of the two electrodes. An organic electroluminescence device formed as a patterned continuous surface. 2. The electrode formed on the rough pattern is an anode, the electrode formed on the light emitting pattern is a cathode, the anode is a transparent electrode, and the cathode is made of a metal having a small work function. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1. 3. The organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1, wherein both the anode and the cathode are transparent electrodes. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein one of the anode and the cathode is formed on a transparent substrate, and the organic light emitting film is formed entirely on the transparent substrate via the anode or the cathode. 4. The organic electroluminescent device according to 2, 3 or 4. 5. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein said organic light emitting film includes a layer for electron injection forming an interface with said cathode. 6. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein said organic light emitting film includes a layer for injecting holes forming an interface with said anode. 7. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 1, wherein static emission is performed when light is emitted in the predetermined light emission pattern. 8. A method for producing an organic electroluminescence device which includes an anode, a cathode and an organic light emitting film between said two electrodes and emits light in a predetermined light emission pattern, wherein one of said two electrodes is provided on a substrate. A step of forming a wide rough pattern including a light emitting pattern (or a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern), and a step of forming the organic light emitting film entirely over the electrode formed on the substrate over the substrate And forming the other of the two electrodes on the organic light emitting film formed on the substrate in a pattern corresponding to the light emitting pattern (or in a wide rough pattern including the light emitting pattern). A method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a transparent substrate is used as the substrate.