JP2001020505A - Floor structure and floor work execution method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve construction efficiency and quality by providing a horizontal member with a plate member wider than that, which is fixed thereto, and laying a wood large-section long material on the plate member and fixing the same. SOLUTION: A wood plate member 3 is fixed to the upper surface of a horizontal member 2 in a wooden building frame by nails 4 or the like, a square timber large- section long material 1 is laid on the upper surface of the plate 3, and the long material 1 is fixed from the lower surface of the plate 3 by nails 4 or the like. Secondly, tongues are provided on mutual adjacent surfaces if desired, and after the plate member 3 is fixed on the horizontal member 2, with the tongues suitably stored rather closely, the long material 1 is temporarily placed up to the end of the floor surface. After the gap between the mutual adjacent parts of the long material 1 is substantially equally expanded, the long material 1 is fixed to the plate 3. Subsequently, a gap is provided on a header side of the long material 1 to be loaded with gap filling member. Thus, nails can be easily driven, torsion of a large-section long material, which is probably caused with the passage of time can be restrained, and deformation due to expansion and shrinkage caused in the lower surface of the large-section long material can be restrained so as to hardly cause play of the floor.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wooden floor structure using a long material having a large cross section and a floor construction method for constructing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art First, a first example of the prior art is a joist construction method, which is a basic floor structure of a conventional wooden building. This is, as shown in FIG.
In this case, the cross-sectional shape and length of the horizontal member are sequentially reduced, the mounting interval is reduced, and finally a very thin floor plate 54 is stretched. And this technology has been standardized as a result of saving the used material volume to the utmost limit after the period of post-war housing demand surged, but it will improve the aesthetic appearance when looking up at the bottom of the floor and improve the sound insulation somewhat. For the ceiling 5
It is common to set up 5 and take the space behind the ceiling.

[0003] In other words, in this technique, there are many kinds of members and various shapes and dimensions, and the number of used members is very large, so that the work on site is inevitably increased. That is, at present, when labor costs are soaring in spite of the rise in timber prices, this is a technology with a poor cost balance. In addition, as a result of standardization by reducing the volume to the limit, the rigidity and mass of the floor are likely to be insufficient even if structural safety is kept to a minimum, which is a feeling of everyday use As fluffy and dependable,
It leads to the difficulty of sound insulation improvement against heavy impact noise,
As a result, it is considered to be a weak point of wooden floors in general.

In recent years, as shown in FIG. 12, there has been very rarely seen an example in which a floor plate 56 is made extremely thick to construct a floor. Describe. This is to make the flooring of the joist method thicker,
The purpose is to intentionally increase the total used volume of the floor and increase the rigidity and sound insulation performance of the floor, but at the same time omit the joists and small beams as intermediate supports as the thicker floorboards Is trying to balance costs by simplifying. Furthermore, since there is little intermediate support material as projections on the lower surface of the floor plate, a wide and smooth ceiling surface can be formed directly on the lower surface of the floor plate, so that no space behind the ceiling is required, and more indoor space can be secured. Wood materials that have a sufficient thickness will form a carbonized layer even if the surface burns, significantly lowering the burning rate. It has the advantage that it can be eliminated.

At present, contrary to the situation of the shortage of timber in the past, a large number of trees have been planted in mountain forests nationwide. Unlike logging, it is urgently necessary to cut the forest appropriately for flood control and environmental protection. In other words, there is a social demand for a way to effectively utilize the wood resources stored in large quantities, and the second example of the prior art is intended to respond to this.

[0006]

However, the second example of the prior art also has the following problems and is technically incomplete. First, as shown in FIG.
Despite being very thick, if the nail is fixed to the girder 51 with nails 57 penetrating from the upper surface of the floor plate 56 in accordance with the method of fixing a thin floor plate by the joist method, the nails 57 are necessary for strength. It is much longer than it is, and the casting operation itself is very difficult, and there is a high possibility that the floor plate 56 and the girder 51 will be split. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, even if the floor plate 56 is provided with the leading hole 58 and the nails 59 of an appropriate size are used, the nails 59 are not inserted into the leading hole 5 in terms of work.
8 has to be driven down to the bottom, and it takes a lot of time to bury a tree with a wooden plug 60. A simple method such as obliquely hitting nails 61 from one side of the floor plate 56 as shown in FIG. 15 is conceived. However, in this method, only one end of the floor plate 56 is fixed, As shown in (a) to (d), the floor plate 56 is easily cracked or the nails 61 are easily detached by an external force such as an earthquake, and the fixing is not sufficiently firm. In addition, with this fixing, the twist of the floor material 56 which may occur over time cannot be suppressed, or the floor plate is rattled when the lower surface of the floor material is deformed due to expansion and contraction. Therefore, the floor structure and the construction method of the present invention are based on a completely new idea which is different from the joist construction method.

[0007]

According to the present invention, a plate-like member wider than the horizontal member is fixed on a horizontal member, and a large-length long member made of wood is spread on the plate-like member. It has a fixed floor structure. In addition, in the above floor structure, there is also a floor structure in which a large-section long material is provided with a sun-joint with a gap in the in-plane direction on mutually adjacent surfaces. Further, in the above floor structure, a gap filling member is loaded on the fore side of a long member having a large cross section. Next, in the present invention, a plate-like body wider than the horizontal member is fixed on the horizontal member, and then a large-section long member made of a wooden material is spread on the plate-like member and fixed to the plate-like member. This is the floor construction method to be performed.

In the above-mentioned floor construction method, a long member having a large cross-section where the sun is provided on the mutually adjacent surfaces is temporarily placed with the gap being filled up to the end of the floor surface while the sun is placed. There is also a method in which the gap between the joints of the long members is substantially evenly expanded, and then the large-section long members are fixed to the plate-like body. In addition, the above-mentioned large cross-section means that the length of the long material is usually 10 cm or more. However, it is applicable that the length is about 5 cm and 1.5 times or more the thickness of the plate-like body. Say.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a floor structure and a floor construction method according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0010]

Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a wooden plate 3 (thickness 3 cm, width 24 cm) is nailed on the upper surface of a horizontal member 2 of a wooden frame. Fixed by class 4,
On the upper surface of the plate-shaped member 3, a large-section long member 1 (thickness: 12 cm, width: 12 cm, length: 2 m), which is a simple timber made of wood, is laid and fixed with nails 4 from the lower surface of the plate-shaped member 3. Is what you do. Here, the thickness of the large-section long material 1 is determined from required performance such as strength and rigidity. And the thickness of the plate-like body 3,
The shape, size, casting interval, and the like of the nails 4 are determined based on a balance between required strength and workability. The width of the plate-shaped body 3 is determined so that the nails 4 can be easily driven and a sufficient strength can be secured at a portion protruding laterally from the horizontal member 2. The width required for the upper scaffold may be added. And, in the plate-like body 3, such as a wooden material or a resin material,
A material that is easy to cut, drill, nail, etc. at the construction site, and has sufficient strength and tenacity is suitable.

Before the horizontal member 2 is attached to a pillar or the like at the construction site, the above plate-like body 3 may be fixed to the horizontal member 2 in advance, which may be performed at a factory or at the construction site. It should be selected according to individual construction conditions, such as whether to perform on the ground. The nails 4 when the lower surface of the plate-like body 3 is exposed as a finishing surface of the ceiling may be selected to have a color and a shape that intentionally make a design accent.

The floor structure and floor construction method according to the present invention are suitable for a wooden floor provided on a structural skeleton other than a wooden structure.
Incidentally, there are the following advantages in combining a wooden frame with a steel frame. First of all, a design in which a steel frame is exposed in a room is not yet common, and is usually covered with a finishing material. However, it is convenient to use a wood material as it is because it can be finished according to a general preference. Wood materials are easier to process than iron materials, and can be easily extended or remodeled, which contributes to long-term durability of the building. Wood materials also have many advantages in maintaining a good indoor environment, such as high humidity control and low condensation. However, these premise is that the present invention is improved with respect to the weaknesses of the conventional wooden floor such as rigidity, sound insulation and fire resistance.

[0013]

Embodiment 2 Next, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b),
Drilling is performed on the steel beam 5 and the plate 3 in accordance with a bolt 6 necessary for strength, and the plate 3 is fixed with the bolt 6. The fixing of the plate-like body 3 and the long member 1 with a large cross section is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0014]

[Embodiment 3] Combining a reinforced concrete skeleton with a wooden floor also has the following advantages. For example, reinforced concrete itself is not suitable for extension or remodeling, because it cannot be easily dismantled, and the work period is long due to wet work, and the interior is apt to become dirty. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, a method of combining a wooden floor in a case where a hut back room is easily constructed at a low cost or is added to a hut blow-out portion of a building having a reinforced concrete outer shell is used. Particularly suitable. The advantages such as the use of the wood material for finishing and the premise regarding the improvement of the prior art are the same as those in the second embodiment.

Next, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the transverse member is a reinforced concrete beam 7, and the steel frame concrete beam 7 and the plate 3 have anchors 8 necessary for strength.
And fix them. The fixing of the plate-like body 3 and the long member 1 with a large cross section is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0016]

Embodiment 4 In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the cross-sectional shape of the large-section long material 9 is made common, and A wall 10 is provided, and the width of the entire floor is adjusted to the size of the building by adjusting the gap 11. If the above method is not suitable, the end of the floor surface is closed with a baseboard 13 or a long member 12 having a dedicated cross section, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), the construction method is as follows. First, the plate-like body 3 is fixed on the horizontal member 2, and then the sane 10 is appropriately packed and slightly filled. The long section material 9 is temporarily placed to the end of the floor surface, and then the gap 11 between the large section long members 9 is substantially evenly expanded. Is fixed. In the present invention, the adjacent portion is not limited to the one integrated with the long member having a large cross section. As shown in FIG. Often,
This should be selected depending on the conditions in the production of components.

[0018]

Embodiment 5 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
On the upper side, a gap 16 is secured on the small edge side of the long member 15 having a large cross section, and a gap filling member 17 is loaded. At this time, the allowance of the large-section long member 15 and the horizontal member 3 is determined so that the structural strength is secured. In this example, as shown in FIG. 9B, a member having a common cross-sectional shape, which is obtained by dividing and rejoining a log to a long material 15 having a large cross section, is used.
In the same manner as in the fourth embodiment, an employment salve 18 is provided in
1 and juxtaposed and fixed. At this time, there is a feature that a hollow portion 19 is formed inside the floor slab.

Next, as shown in FIG. 10, a method of constructing this portion is to insert a hand from the gap 16 on the fore edge side, put a finger on the hollow portion 19, and place the long material 15 having a large cross section on the plate-like body 3. After arranging, the bur 20 is inserted from the gap 16 to widen the gap 11 in the adjacent part, and the large-section long material 15 is allocated substantially evenly to the entire floor. Fix it. Then, a gap filling member 17 is loaded into the gap 16.

The reason why the long-section long material 15 having the hollow portion 19 as described above should be used is summarized below. However, as a member in the first place, warping and twisting are less likely to occur than a lumber product.
In addition to various advantages such as less waste when removing logs from logs and less processing cost than glued laminated lumber, the hollow portion 19 is formed without special processing in the cross-sectional shape. . The hollow portion 19 can be used as a floor slab through which wiring for ceiling lighting and the like can be passed, in addition to being used as a fingerhold at the time of construction as described above. There are things that can be improved.

[0021]

One of the effects of the present invention is to fix the long and long members with a large cross section using a plate-like body as an intermediary member so that the shape, size, spacing between nails to be used can be adjusted to the required strength and construction. It can be determined arbitrarily from the balance of gender. For example, in the length of nails, the thickness of the long material with a large cross section is no longer a direct requirement, and it is sufficient if it can penetrate the plate and be firmly fixed. Is possible, the range of selection of nails is expanded, and various electric tools can be used. At the same time, cracking of members due to nailing is also easy to control, and in each large-sized long-section material, nails of an appropriate size can be firmly fixed while being dispersed in a plurality of locations in a well-balanced manner. It is easy to suppress the twisting of the large-section long material that may occur over time, or similarly to the case where the lower surface of the large-section long material is deformed due to expansion and contraction, the floor is less likely to rattle. be able to.

Further, the work safety can be improved because the area of the scaffold on the horizontal member is increased by the plate-like body. By the way, the width of the horizontal member in the conventional wooden structure is 10.5cm to 12cm.
The workability and the safety of repeatedly arranging heavy, large-section long materials are remarkably improved even if the plate-like body expands several cm in the width direction as a scaffold space. .

Further, when a steel beam or a reinforced concrete beam is used as the horizontal member, it is only necessary to process a bolt hole or an anchor for fixing a plate-like body as an intermediate member. By the way, if it is going to fix a long material with a large cross section directly to the above-mentioned beam without using a plate-like body by the conventional method, in addition to the same problems as the second example of the prior art,
The beam needs to be processed to correspond to the number of long members having a large cross section, which is very troublesome. In addition, even if a steel beam is pre-processed in a factory or the like, it is difficult to accurately plan and determine the fixing position of the large-length long member for each steel beam.

In general, when steel or reinforced concrete is directly joined to a wooden material, there is a problem in that dew condensation generated in the steel or reinforced concrete adversely affects the wooden material. This can be prevented by using a water-resistant material.

In addition, the provision of the sun prevents the formation of a space that passes directly between the front and back surfaces even though there is a space therebetween, and the function as a floor can be maintained. That is, since the airtightness of the floor structure is ensured and the sound insulation and the fire resistance are maintained, it is easy to expose and finish the large-section long material itself, which does not require a separate finishing material. Structurally, the seeds transmit the concentrated load applied to the floor surface to adjacent large-section long members and disperse them. That is, a single large-section long member does not bear the load. The structural safety. At the same time, the scattering of the strength of each member, which is a problem of the wooden material, is evened out, and there is an effect that weak points are dispersed and compensated for. Furthermore, deformations such as twisting and warping that occur in the individual large-section long members are suppressed by adjacent large-section long members, and the occurrence of a step in the adjacent portion is suppressed. On the other hand, in terms of the construction method, by providing a gap in the adjacent portion, it is possible to easily store a large-section long material having a seed to the floor end without using a special member.

According to the construction method of the present invention, by adjusting the gap between adjacent portions of the large-sized long section material, it is possible to adapt to a floor surface size that is not a multiple of the width of the standardized large-section long piece. In other words, the range of application of the technology has been dramatically expanded while using only the long material having a large cross section that is standardized.

[0027] Further, by providing a gap on the small side of the long member having a large cross section, a clue can be reliably secured when the long members having a large cross section are juxtaposed and even after juxtaposition, thereby improving workability and safety. . Even if a bar or the like is used for facilitating the work of widening the gap between the adjacent portions, there is a case where the scratches remaining on the member do not come to the floor surface. In addition, since the plate-like body serves as an intermediary member, it is possible to firmly fix the gap on the fore-edge side while securing a sufficiently large gap. In the case of using a large section long material that can be obtained by dividing and rejoining a log, the work of using the hollow portion formed in the floor slab is performed after juxtaposing the large section long material and collectively forming the gap on the small side. It is convenient because it can be done from the beginning.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing details of attachment of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an end of a floor surface according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a construction method of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a case in which another seed according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is used.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating another construction method of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a drawback of the conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Large section long material 2 Horizontal member 3 Plate 4 Nail 5 Steel beam 6 Bolt 7 Reinforced concrete beam 8 Anchor 9 Large section long material 10 Sane 11 Gap 12 Exclusive section long material 13 Baseboard 14 Hiring Sane Reference Signs List 15 large section long material 16 gap 17 gap filling member 18 hiring sun 19 hollow part 20 bar 51 large beam 52 small beam 53 joist 54 floor plate 55 ceiling 56 floor plate 57 nails 58 tip hole 59 nails 60 wood plug 61 nails

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A floor structure in which a plate-like body wider than the horizontal member is fixed on a horizontal member, and a long-section long member made of wood is spread and fixed on the plate-like member. 2. A sun-joint having a gap in the inward direction of the floor is provided on the mutually adjacent surfaces of the long members having a large cross section.
The described floor structure. 3. The floor structure according to claim 1, wherein a gap filling member is mounted on the narrow side of the long member having a large cross section. 4. A plate-like body wider than the horizontal member is fixed on the horizontal member, and a long-section long member made of a wooden material is spread on the plate-like member and fixed to the plate-like member. Floor construction method. 5. A large-section long material is temporarily placed by filling a gap to an end of a floor surface while receiving stakes of mutually adjacent surfaces, and then the gap of the large-section long material is joined substantially uniformly. The floor construction method according to claim 4, further comprising expanding and then fixing the long member having a large cross section and the plate-like body.