JP2000511645A - Seal member for sensor - Google Patents
Seal member for sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000511645A JP2000511645A JP10542228A JP54222898A JP2000511645A JP 2000511645 A JP2000511645 A JP 2000511645A JP 10542228 A JP10542228 A JP 10542228A JP 54222898 A JP54222898 A JP 54222898A JP 2000511645 A JP2000511645 A JP 2000511645A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- seal
- sensor
- casing
- sealing member
- seal according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009868 aluminum magnesium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】 特に内燃機関の排ガス内の酸素含有量を調べるためのガスセンサ(10)のセンサ部材(27)ためのシールを提案する。このシールは,ケーシング(12)の縦孔(15)内にはめ込まれた少なくとも1つのシール部材(37)から成っており,このシール部材はホウ素(BN)の六方晶系の同素体と酸化物セラミック成分,有利にはステアタイト,との混合物から成っている。 (57) [Summary] In particular, a seal for a sensor member (27) of a gas sensor (10) for examining the oxygen content in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is proposed. The seal comprises at least one sealing element (37) fitted in a longitudinal bore (15) of a casing (12), the sealing element comprising a hexagonal allotrope of boron (BN) and an oxide ceramic. It consists of a mixture with the components, preferably steatite.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 センサのためのシール部材 背景技術 本発明は請求項1の上位概念によるガスセンサのセンサ部材のためのシールか ら出発する。このようなシールは例えばDE 195 32 090から公知で あり,この公知のシールにおいては,センサ部材はケーシングの縦孔内で,少な くとも2つのシール体とこれらのシール体の間に配置されている変形可能な付加 シールとによって取り付けられている。両方のシール体はケイ酸アルミニウムマ グネシウム又はステアタイトから成り,これらのシール体の間に取り付けられて いるシール体はホウ素窒化物の六方晶系同素体から成っている。 発明の利点 請求項1の特徴を具備した本発明によるシールは,シールがガス密であるとと もに,液体特に燃料に対して不透過性であり,しかも極めて大きな耐熱性を有し ているという利点を備えている。このことは,ホウ素窒化物(BN)の六方晶系 同素体と少なくとも1種の酸化物セラミック成分との混合物によって達成される 。更に種々の化学的組成のシール部材からシールを構成する代わりに,酸化物セ ラミック成分とBNとの混 合物を使用することによって,シールの取り扱い及び組み立てが簡単になる。 従属請求項に記載した手段によって,本発明によるシールを有利に構成し,か つ発展させることが可能である。 特に有利には,ほぼ化学式3MgO・4SiO2・H2Oのステアタイト,換言 すれば凍石の燃焼生成物がBNの六方晶系同素体と混合させて使用される。これ によって特に大きな温度安定性が保証される。その六方晶系同素体が,極めて細 粒の,かつその等構造体であるグラファイトと同じように良好に変形可能な化合 物であるホウ素窒化物を使用することによって,シール性が著しく改善される。 特に有利な構成では,シール部材内のBN分は5〜10重量%である。シール の組み立ての際の良好な取り扱い性は,ステアタイト/BNのシール体があらか じめ焼結された状態で使用され,組み立ての際の力の作用によって変形せしめら れて,シール体の材料がセンサ部材及びケーシングに圧着され,これによってセ ンサ部材がケーシング内でガス密に保持されるようにすると,達成される。 図面 本発明の1実施例は図面に示されており,以下において詳細に説明する。図1 は本発明によるシール装置を有するガスセンサの断面を示す。 実施例 ただ1つの図面はガスセンサ10,例えば電気化学的酸素センサ,を示し,こ れは金属製のケーシング12を有しており,このケーシングは,図示していない 測定ガス管内への取り付けのための固定手段としてねじ山13を有している。ケ ーシング12は肩形の環状面16を備えた縦孔15を有している。肩形の環状面 16上には例えば金属製のシールリング18があり,このシールリング上に測定 ガス側のセラミック成形部分21が載着されている。この測定ガス側のセラミッ ク成形部分21は縦孔15の方向に延びている測定ガス側の貫通孔22を有して いる。測定ガス側のセラミック成形部分21から間隔をおいて,更に縦孔15内 に接続側のセラミック成形部分23が配置されている。この接続側のセラミック 成形部分23はやはり縦孔15の方向に延びている中央の接続側の貫通孔24を 有している。測定ガス側のセラミック成形部分21の測定ガス側の貫通孔22と 接続側のセラミック成形部分23の接続側の貫通孔24とは互いに一直線に並ん で延びている。 貫通孔22,24内には,測定ガス側の端区分28及び接続側の端区分29を 備えた小板形のセンサ部材27がある。 センサ部材27の測定ガス側の端区分28はケーシング12から突出していて ,保護管31によって取り 囲まれており,この保護管はケーシング12に固定されている。保護管31は測 定されるガスのための出入開口32を有している。接続側の端区分29は接続接 点34を有しており,この接続接点はやはりケーシング12から突出している。 接続接点34は接続ケーブルを備えた図示していない接点プラグと接点接触せし められる。ケーシング12から突出している接続側の端区分29は,図示してい ない包囲体によって取り囲まれており,この包囲体は端区分29を周囲の影響に 対して保護する。 測定ガス側のセラミック成形部分21と接続側のセラミック成形部分23との 間にはシール37があり,これはBN/ステアタイトの混合物から成っている。 ホウ素窒化物は六方晶系同素体として存在し,例えばシール部材37に対して1 0重量%の割合を有している。このシール部材37上を接続側のセラミック成形 部分23が加圧している。接続側のセラミック成形部分23のこの加圧力は金属 スリーブ40によって作用せしめられる。金属スリーブ40は例えば一様に分配 された複数の,内方に向いたつめ41を有しており,これらのつめはケーシング 12に形成されたノッチ42内に係合している。しかし金属スリーブ40をケー シング12と溶接しておくことも考えられる。BN/ステアタイト混合物から成 るシール部材37は,ケーシング12の縦孔15内に取り付ける前に,例えば5 00℃の低い温度で焼結されて,あらかじめリングに成形される。このようにし て形成されたリング形のシール部材37は,この実施例におけるように,センサ 部材27を既に有している縦孔15内にはめ込まれる。シール37上に次いで接 続側のセラミック成形部分23が配置される。次いで接続側のセラミック成形部 分上に金属スリーブ40が載着される。次いで例えばプランジャによって金属ス リーブ40上に力が作用せしめられ,この力は接続側のセラミック成形部分23 を介してシール部材37に作用する。この場合シール部材37のあらかじめ製作 されたリングは変形せしめられ,シール部材37の材料がセンサ部材27及びケ ーシング12に圧着される。 シール作用は大体において六方晶系のBN−同素体の割合によって決定される ことが分かった。 広い温度範囲にわたってガス及び燃料に対するシール性を達成するために重要 なことは,シール部材37に常に金属スリーブ40からの力が作用していること である。ホウ素窒化物の熱膨張係数(約4.4×10-6K-1)よりもステアタイ トの熱膨張係数(8.8×10-6K-1)が大きいことに基づいて,両方の成分を 相応に混合することによって,温度が高い場合でも金属スリーブ40からの加圧 力をシール部材37に作用させることができる。 本発明によるシール部材37は金属製のケーシング 内のプレーナ型のセンサ部材のシールに限定されるものではない。このようなシ ール部材37をいわゆるフィンガセンサのシールに使用することも当然考えられ る。この場合には,シール部材37のためのあらかじめ製作されたリングの構造 を,縦孔及びケーシングとフィンガ形のセンサ部材との接触面の幾何形状に適合 させるだけでよい。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention starts with a seal for a sensor element of a gas sensor according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a seal is known, for example, from DE 195 32 090, in which a sensor element is arranged in a longitudinal bore of a housing and at least two seals are arranged between these seals. Mounted with possible additional seals. Both seals are made of aluminum magnesium silicate or steatite, and the seal between these seals is made of hexagonal boron nitride allotrope. ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION The seal according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the seal is gas-tight, impermeable to liquids, in particular to fuel, and has a very high heat resistance. Have. This is achieved by a mixture of a hexagonal allotrope of boron nitride (BN) and at least one oxide ceramic component. Further, the use of a mixture of oxide ceramic component and BN, instead of constructing the seal from seal members of various chemical compositions, simplifies the handling and assembly of the seal. By means of the dependent claims, it is possible to advantageously design and develop the seal according to the invention. Particularly advantageously used in approximately chemical formula 3MgO · 4SiO 2 · H 2 O steatite, combustion products frozen stones in other words mixed with hexagonal allotrope of BN. This ensures a particularly high temperature stability. The use of boron nitride, a compound whose hexagonal allotrope is extremely fine-grained and as easily deformable as its isostructural graphite, significantly improves the sealability. In a particularly advantageous configuration, the BN content in the sealing element is between 5 and 10% by weight. The good handleability during the assembly of the seal is due to the fact that the steatite / BN seal body is used in a pre-sintered state and is deformed by the action of the assembly force, and the material of the seal body is used as the sensor member This is achieved when the sensor element is pressed against the housing so that the sensor element is kept gas-tight within the housing. Drawings One embodiment of the present invention is shown in the drawings and will be described in detail below. FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a gas sensor having a sealing device according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The sole FIGURE shows a gas sensor 10, for example an electrochemical oxygen sensor, which has a metal housing 12, which is provided for mounting in a measuring gas pipe, not shown. It has a thread 13 as a fixing means. The casing 12 has a longitudinal hole 15 with a shoulder-shaped annular surface 16. On the shoulder-shaped annular surface 16 there is, for example, a sealing ring 18 made of metal, on which a ceramic molding 21 on the measuring gas side is mounted. The ceramic molded part 21 on the measurement gas side has a through hole 22 on the measurement gas side extending in the direction of the vertical hole 15. A ceramic molding portion 23 on the connection side is arranged in the vertical hole 15 at a distance from the ceramic molding portion 21 on the measurement gas side. The connection-side ceramic molded part 23 has a central connection-side through-hole 24 that also extends in the direction of the vertical hole 15. The through hole 22 on the measurement gas side of the ceramic molding portion 21 on the measurement gas side and the through hole 24 on the connection side of the ceramic molding portion 23 on the connection side extend in line with each other. A small plate-shaped sensor member 27 having an end section 28 on the measurement gas side and an end section 29 on the connection side is provided in the through holes 22 and 24. The end section 28 of the sensor element 27 on the measuring gas side protrudes from the housing 12 and is surrounded by a protective tube 31, which is fixed to the housing 12. The protective tube 31 has an access opening 32 for the gas to be measured. The connection-side end section 29 has a connection contact 34, which also projects from the housing 12. The connection contact 34 is brought into contact with a contact plug (not shown) provided with a connection cable. The connection-side end section 29 projecting from the housing 12 is surrounded by an enclosure (not shown), which protects the end section 29 against ambient influences. Between the ceramic molding part 21 on the measuring gas side and the ceramic molding part 23 on the connection side there is a seal 37, which consists of a mixture of BN / steatite. Boron nitride exists as a hexagonal allotrope, and has a ratio of, for example, 10% by weight to the sealing member 37. The ceramic molding portion 23 on the connection side presses the seal member 37. This pressing force of the ceramic part 23 on the connection side is exerted by the metal sleeve 40. The metal sleeve 40 has, for example, a plurality of evenly distributed inwardly directed pawls 41 which engage in notches 42 formed in the casing 12. However, it is also conceivable that the metal sleeve 40 is welded to the casing 12. The seal member 37 made of the BN / steatite mixture is sintered at a low temperature of, for example, 500 ° C. before being mounted in the vertical hole 15 of the casing 12 and is formed into a ring in advance. The ring-shaped sealing member 37 thus formed is fitted into the vertical hole 15 already having the sensor member 27 as in this embodiment. The connection-side ceramic molded part 23 is then arranged on the seal 37. Next, the metal sleeve 40 is mounted on the ceramic molding portion on the connection side. A force is then exerted on the metal sleeve 40 by, for example, a plunger, which acts on the sealing member 37 via the ceramic molding 23 on the connection side. In this case, the previously manufactured ring of the sealing member 37 is deformed, and the material of the sealing member 37 is pressed against the sensor member 27 and the casing 12. It has been found that the sealing action is largely determined by the proportion of the hexagonal BN-allotrope. What is important for achieving gas and fuel sealing over a wide temperature range is that a force from the metal sleeve 40 always acts on the sealing member 37. Based on the fact that steatite has a larger thermal expansion coefficient (8.8 × 10 −6 K −1 ) than that of boron nitride (about 4.4 × 10 −6 K −1 ), both components Can be applied to the sealing member 37 even when the temperature is high. The sealing member 37 according to the present invention is not limited to sealing a planar sensor member in a metal casing. It is naturally conceivable to use such a sealing member 37 for sealing a so-called finger sensor. In this case, it is only necessary to adapt the structure of the prefabricated ring for the sealing element 37 to the geometry of the vertical bore and the contact surface between the casing and the finger-shaped sensor element.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 アントン ハンス ドイツ連邦共和国 D―70435 シュツツ トガルト シュタインハイマー シュトラ ーセ 17アー (72)発明者 ヨハン ヴェーアマン ドイツ連邦共和国 D―70184 シュツツ トガルト シュヴァーレンベルクシュトラ ーセ 172────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Anton Hans D-70435 Germany Togart Steinheimer Stra -17 ar (72) Inventor Johann Wehrmann Federal Republic of Germany D-70184 Toggard schwaenbergbergstra -172
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19714203.6 | 1997-04-07 | ||
DE19714203A DE19714203C2 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1997-04-07 | Sealing element for sensors |
PCT/DE1998/000902 WO1998045696A1 (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-03-28 | Sealing element for sensors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000511645A true JP2000511645A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
Family
ID=7825617
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP10542228A Pending JP2000511645A (en) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-03-28 | Seal member for sensor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2000511645A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20000016317A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1222975A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19714203C2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2330207A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998045696A1 (en) |
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JP2008145339A (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-26 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing gas sensor |
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DE19848959A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-04-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Production of boron nitride-ring for sensor for determining oxygen concentration in exhaust gas from combustion engine involves simultaneously forming several boron nitride rings in composite |
DE19911516C1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-28 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Sensor arrangement for gaseous media |
GB2350684B (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2003-11-26 | Ford Motor Co | Exhaust gas sensor |
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DE10015849A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-18 | Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh | Ceramic material used in the production of sintered bodies contains boron nitride, an additive selected from oxides, carbides and nitrides of silicon, aluminum, titanium and zirconium |
DE10055442A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-29 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Process for recycling hexagonal boron nitride ceramic components used in metallurgical installations comprises cleaning the surface of the components, and converting into a boron nitride-containing powder by breaking and grinding |
DE10058013A1 (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2002-06-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | gas sensor |
DE10060027A1 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-13 | Epiq Sensor Nite N V | Sealing arrangement for a temperature or gas sensor |
JP2005326394A (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-11-24 | Denso Corp | Gas sensor |
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CN102346178A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-08 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Gas transducer seal component and an automobile oxygen sensor |
CN102707018A (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡隆盛科技股份有限公司 | Gas sensor |
CN103115150B (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江泛沃汽车零部件有限公司 | Manufacturing method of seal part in sheet type oxygen sensor and seal part of sheet type oxygen sensor |
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CN113252845B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2023-10-10 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | Sealing element for sealing sensor element, method for producing the same, and gas sensor |
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GB1186486A (en) * | 1968-10-22 | 1970-04-02 | Rolls Royce | Fibre Reinforced Blade |
US3593366A (en) * | 1968-12-11 | 1971-07-20 | Wolverine Pentronix | Multiple punch tool set for powder compacting press |
DE1960529A1 (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-06-09 | Engel Karl Heinz | Fire extinguishing system |
DE3510111A1 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1986-09-25 | Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten GmbH, 8000 München | Sintered polycrystalline blends based on boron nitride |
JP2708915B2 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1998-02-04 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Gas detection sensor |
JP3175483B2 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 2001-06-11 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Boron nitride-containing material and method for producing the same |
US5571397A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1996-11-05 | Ford Motor Company | Boron nitride exhaust seal |
DE19532090C2 (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-09-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Seal for a sensor element of a gas sensor |
DE19603379A1 (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Gas sensor |
DE19605290C2 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-02-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor |
DE19615866A1 (en) * | 1996-04-20 | 1997-10-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electrochemical sensor for powder seal |
-
1997
- 1997-04-07 DE DE19714203A patent/DE19714203C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-28 JP JP10542228A patent/JP2000511645A/en active Pending
- 1998-03-28 CN CN98800424A patent/CN1222975A/en active Pending
- 1998-03-28 WO PCT/DE1998/000902 patent/WO1998045696A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-28 GB GB9826887A patent/GB2330207A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-28 KR KR1019980709890A patent/KR20000016317A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003344355A (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas measuring feeler |
JP4603772B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2010-12-22 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Gas measuring feeler |
JP2004125702A (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-22 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Gas sensor |
JP2008145288A (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-26 | Denso Corp | Gas sensor mounting structure |
JP2008145339A (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-26 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing gas sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998045696A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
GB2330207A (en) | 1999-04-14 |
GB9826887D0 (en) | 1999-01-27 |
CN1222975A (en) | 1999-07-14 |
DE19714203C2 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
DE19714203A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
KR20000016317A (en) | 2000-03-25 |
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