JP2000357506A - Lithium battery negative electrode material obtained by depositing pyrolytic graphite on carbon material - Google Patents
Lithium battery negative electrode material obtained by depositing pyrolytic graphite on carbon materialInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000357506A JP2000357506A JP11168877A JP16887799A JP2000357506A JP 2000357506 A JP2000357506 A JP 2000357506A JP 11168877 A JP11168877 A JP 11168877A JP 16887799 A JP16887799 A JP 16887799A JP 2000357506 A JP2000357506 A JP 2000357506A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- negative electrode
- powder
- pyrolytic graphite
- electrode material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、リチウム電池負極用材
料に関し、より詳しくは、炭素質又は黒鉛質の芯材に熱
分解黒鉛質の皮膜を沈積させ、容量を大幅に向上させた
負極材料に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a material for a negative electrode of a lithium battery, and more particularly, to a negative electrode material in which a pyrolytic graphite film is deposited on a carbonaceous or graphitic core material to greatly improve the capacity. About.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来よりリチウム２次電池用負極材料と
して、種々の炭素材料が用いられている。この炭素材料
には大きく分けて、炭素質のものと黒鉛質のものがあ
る。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various carbon materials have been used as negative electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries. This carbon material is roughly classified into a carbonaceous material and a graphite material.
【０００３】炭素質のものは約８００〜１２００℃程度
の熱処理をしたもので、材料としては結晶性が低い。黒
鉛質のものは約２０００℃以上の熱処理をしたもので材
質としては結晶性が高い。[0003] Carbonaceous materials are heat-treated at about 800 to 1200 ° C and have low crystallinity as a material. Graphite materials have been subjected to heat treatment at about 2000 ° C. or higher and have high crystallinity.
【０００４】リチウム電池負極用材料に要求される重要
な特性は、充電容量が十分であることだが、従来より十
分な電池容量を確保し、また他の電池として好ましい性
能を確保するために、様々な炭素質や黒鉛質の材料が使
用されている。An important characteristic required for a negative electrode material for a lithium battery is that the charge capacity is sufficient. However, in order to secure a sufficient battery capacity as compared with the conventional one and to secure preferable performance as another battery, various characteristics are required. Various carbonaceous and graphitic materials are used.
【０００５】例えば、特許第２６４３０３５号には、核
となる高結晶性黒鉛材料の表面に非晶質炭素層を形成し
てなる非水系二次電池用炭素負極材料が記載されてい
る。かかる構成とすることにより、大きい電池容量を確
保すると同時に電解液の分解によると思われる充電効率
の低下を防止できる負極材料を提供するものである。[0005] For example, Japanese Patent No. 2643035 describes a carbon negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery in which an amorphous carbon layer is formed on the surface of a highly crystalline graphite material serving as a nucleus. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a negative electrode material capable of securing a large battery capacity and preventing a decrease in charging efficiency, which is considered to be caused by decomposition of an electrolyte.
【０００６】また特開平１０−１２２４１号には、充電
容量の大きな黒鉛粒子を核とし、該黒鉛粒子の表面を化
学蒸着処理することにより、その表面に比表面積の小さ
な熱分解炭素を被覆させて黒鉛−炭素複合材とし、大き
な充電量と高い初期放電効率を確保し、大きな可逆的放
電容量を実現できるものとしたものが記載されている。Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-12241 discloses that graphite particles having a large charge capacity are used as nuclei, and the surface of the graphite particles is coated with pyrolytic carbon having a small specific surface area by chemical vapor deposition. It describes a graphite-carbon composite material which secures a large charge amount and a high initial discharge efficiency and can realize a large reversible discharge capacity.
【０００７】そして、特開平１０−３６１０８号には、
芯材となる黒鉛系材料に由来する炭素粒子または炭素粒
子の集合体からなる粒子の周囲の表面が低結晶性炭素で
被覆されている炭素材であり、充放電容量が理論容量で
ある、３２７mAh/g を越え、しかも初期効率が９０％程
度を維持するようなリチウム２次電池負極材を提供する
ものである。Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-36108 discloses that
327 mAh, which is a carbon material in which the surface around carbon particles derived from a graphite-based material serving as a core material or particles formed of an aggregate of carbon particles is coated with low-crystalline carbon, and whose charge / discharge capacity is a theoretical capacity. An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode material for a lithium secondary battery in which the initial efficiency exceeds 90 g / g and the initial efficiency is maintained at about 90%.
【０００８】これらは、いずれも実用に供することので
きる高容量のリチウム電池用負極材であり、かつ他の充
電効率や初期放電効率等の好ましい特性をも実現したも
のであるが、今後のリチウム電池の用途を考慮すると、
自動車関連等、よりハイパワーで６００mAH/g を越える
高容量の材料が望まれている。These are all high-capacity negative electrode materials for lithium batteries that can be put to practical use, and have also achieved other favorable characteristics such as other charging efficiency and initial discharging efficiency. Considering the application of the battery,
Higher power and higher capacity materials exceeding 600 mAH / g, such as those related to automobiles, are desired.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のような問題点に
鑑み、本発明者は、現在実用に供されているリチウム電
池よりも、大幅に容量を向上させた、即ち６００ｍAH/g
を越える高容量、ハイパワーのリチウム２次電池用負極
材を提供する。In view of the above problems, the present inventor has significantly improved the capacity of a lithium battery currently in practical use, that is, 600 mAH / g.
The present invention provides a high capacity, high power negative electrode material for a lithium secondary battery that surpasses that of the above.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
め本発明者が提案するのは、炭素質粉末または黒鉛質粉
末を２０００℃以上の高温でかつ４００Torr以下の減圧
雰囲気に維持して、炭化水素ガス単独または炭化水素ガ
スとキャリアガスを導入し、前記の炭素質粉末または黒
鉛質粉末の表面に熱分解黒鉛質皮膜を沈積させてなるこ
とを特徴とするリチウム２次電池用負極材料である。Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, the present inventor proposes that a carbonaceous powder or a graphite powder is maintained at a high temperature of 2000 ° C. or more and a reduced pressure atmosphere of 400 Torr or less, A negative electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, characterized in that a hydrocarbon gas alone or a hydrocarbon gas and a carrier gas are introduced, and a pyrolytic graphite film is deposited on the surface of the carbonaceous powder or the graphite powder. is there.
【００１１】以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。まず、芯
材となる炭素粉末には炭素質、黒鉛質のものいずれも用
いられ、結晶化の進んでいないガラス状カーボンから結
晶化の進んでいるグラファイトまで幅広く使用可能であ
る。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. First, both carbonaceous and graphitic carbon powders are used as the core material, and can be widely used from glassy carbon in which crystallization has not progressed to graphite in which crystallization has progressed.
【００１２】炭素粉末の粒径としては、５μｍ〜７０μ
ｍが適当である。７０μｍ以上では、電池容量が低下す
るので好ましくなく、５μｍ以下では放電ロスが大きく
なるので不都合である。The carbon powder has a particle size of 5 μm to 70 μm.
m is appropriate. When the thickness is 70 μm or more, the battery capacity is reduced, so that it is not preferable.
【００１３】かかる炭素質または黒鉛質の炭素粉末に以
下のように、結晶化度の優れる熱分解黒鉛質皮膜を沈積
させる。A pyrolytic graphite film having excellent crystallinity is deposited on the carbonaceous or graphitic carbon powder as described below.
【００１４】即ち、炭素粉末を２０００℃以上の高温
で、４００Torr以下の減圧下に保持して、メタン、エタ
ン、プロパン等の鎖状炭化水素やベンゼン、トルエン、
キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素のガスを単独で、または、
水素や窒素等のキャリアーガスと一緒に導入する。That is, the carbon powder is kept at a high temperature of 2000 ° C. or more and under a reduced pressure of 400 Torr or less, and a chain hydrocarbon such as methane, ethane and propane, benzene, toluene,
A gas of an aromatic hydrocarbon such as xylene alone, or
It is introduced together with a carrier gas such as hydrogen or nitrogen.
【００１５】上記のガスを約５分〜６０分間流動させな
がら、炭素粉末に熱分解黒鉛質皮膜を沈積させる。この
熱分解黒鉛質皮膜の沈積には、ロータリーキルン方式を
用いることが好ましく、炭素粉末を充填したカーボン製
ルツボをロータリーキルン中にセットしてガスを導入
し、ヒーターで加熱処理をする。A pyrolytic graphite coating is deposited on the carbon powder while flowing the above gas for about 5 to 60 minutes. It is preferable to use a rotary kiln method for depositing the pyrolytic graphite coating. A carbon crucible filled with carbon powder is set in the rotary kiln, a gas is introduced, and heat treatment is performed with a heater.
【００１６】かかる熱分解黒鉛質皮膜は結晶化度の高い
材料であり、炭素結晶が層状に積層された構造を有す
る。Such a pyrolytic graphite coating is a material having a high degree of crystallinity, and has a structure in which carbon crystals are laminated in layers.
【００１７】かかる結晶化度の高い熱分解黒鉛質皮膜を
沈積させることにより、芯材の炭素材は炭素質又は黒鉛
質を適宜選択することにより、電池容量が６００mAH/g
以上の高容量のリチウム電池用負極材を得ることができ
る。By depositing such a pyrolytic graphite film having a high degree of crystallinity, the carbon material of the core material is appropriately selected from carbonaceous or graphite, so that the battery capacity is 600 mAH / g.
A high capacity negative electrode material for a lithium battery as described above can be obtained.
【００１８】[0018]
【本発明の効果】本発明によると電池容量が６００mAH/
g 以上の高容量リチウム二次電池用負極材が得られ、ハ
イパワー、高容量の電池を必要とする用途分野での使用
が期待され工業上、有用である。According to the present invention, the battery capacity is 600 mAH /
A negative electrode material for high-capacity lithium secondary batteries of g or more is obtained, and is expected to be used in application fields requiring high-power, high-capacity batteries, and is industrially useful.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例１】１０〜３０μｍに粉砕した黒鉛粉末を２２
００℃、５０torrに維持し、そこにプロパンと水素の混
合ガスを１０分間流し、黒鉛粉末に結晶化度（ラマン分
光分析における１３５０cm-1と１５８０cm-1のピーク比
Ｒ＝Ｉ1350／Ｉ1580）が０．０２の熱分解黒鉛質皮膜
が形成された黒鉛粉末を得た。この黒鉛粉末を負極材に
して電池容量を測定した結果、６５０mAH/g の高い電池
容量のものが得られた。Example 1 A graphite powder pulverized to 10 to 30 μm was
The mixture was maintained at 00 ° C. and 50 torr, and a mixed gas of propane and hydrogen was flowed therein for 10 minutes. Thus, a graphite powder on which a pyrolytic graphite coating of 0.02 was formed was obtained. As a result of measuring the battery capacity using this graphite powder as a negative electrode material, a battery having a high battery capacity of 650 mAH / g was obtained.
【００２０】[0020]
【比較例１】実施例１と同一の黒鉛粉末を、１２００
℃、５０torrに保持し、そこにプロパンと水素の混合ガ
スを１０分間流し、黒鉛粉末表面に熱分解炭素質皮膜を
沈積させた粉末を得た。この黒鉛粉末を負極材にして電
池容量を測定した結果、電池容量は５００mA H/gであっ
た。Comparative Example 1 The same graphite powder as in Example 1 was used in 1200
C. and 50 torr, and a mixed gas of propane and hydrogen was flowed therein for 10 minutes to obtain a powder having a pyrolytic carbonaceous film deposited on the surface of graphite powder. As a result of measuring the battery capacity using this graphite powder as a negative electrode material, the battery capacity was 500 mA H / g.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 4G046 CA02 CB02 CB09 CC02 CC03 CC05 EA06 EB02 EB04 EB06 EC02 EC06 5H014 AA02 BB01 BB08 CC01 EE08 HH08 5H029 AJ03 AL07 BJ12 CJ02 CJ22 CJ28 DJ16 DJ17 HJ14 HJ15 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4G046 CA02 CB02 CB09 CC02 CC03 CC05 EA06 EB02 EB04 EB06 EC02 EC06 5H014 AA02 BB01 BB08 CC01 EE08 HH08 5H029 AJ03 AL07 BJ12 CJ02 CJ22 CJ28 DJ16 DJ17 HJ14 HJ
Claims (1)
℃以上の高温でかつ４００torr以下の減圧雰囲気に維持
して、炭化水素ガス単独または炭化水素ガスとキャリア
ガスを導入し、前記の炭素質粉末または黒鉛質粉末の表
面に熱分解黒鉛質皮膜を沈積させてなることを特徴とす
るリチウム２次電池負極用材料。1. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous powder or the graphite powder is 2,000
A hydrocarbon gas alone or a hydrocarbon gas and a carrier gas were introduced at a high temperature of 400 ° C. or more and a reduced pressure atmosphere of 400 torr or less, and a pyrolytic graphite film was deposited on the surface of the carbonaceous powder or the graphite powder. A material for a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery, characterized in that the material is formed by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11168877A JP2000357506A (en) | 1999-06-15 | 1999-06-15 | Lithium battery negative electrode material obtained by depositing pyrolytic graphite on carbon material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11168877A JP2000357506A (en) | 1999-06-15 | 1999-06-15 | Lithium battery negative electrode material obtained by depositing pyrolytic graphite on carbon material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000357506A true JP2000357506A (en) | 2000-12-26 |
Family
ID=15876228
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11168877A Withdrawn JP2000357506A (en) | 1999-06-15 | 1999-06-15 | Lithium battery negative electrode material obtained by depositing pyrolytic graphite on carbon material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000357506A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004089821A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-21 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Carbon particle and method for preparation thereof |
| US7816037B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2010-10-19 | Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. | Anode material for lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP2022548276A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-11-17 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | Negative electrode active material, method for producing negative electrode active material, negative electrode including the same, and lithium secondary battery |
-
1999
- 1999-06-15 JP JP11168877A patent/JP2000357506A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7816037B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2010-10-19 | Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd. | Anode material for lithium ion secondary battery |
| WO2004089821A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-21 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Carbon particle and method for preparation thereof |
| JP2022548276A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-11-17 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | Negative electrode active material, method for producing negative electrode active material, negative electrode including the same, and lithium secondary battery |
| JP7331252B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-08-22 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | Negative electrode active material, method for producing negative electrode active material, negative electrode including the same, and lithium secondary battery |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20060905 |