JP2000340238A - Energy supply system of dwelling house or the like using photovoltaic power generation and fuel cell power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a practical energy supply system of a dwelling house or the like which efficiently supplies electric power and heat by a combination of photovoltaic power generation and fuel cell power generation, and to reduce harm to environment and emission of wastes by fabricating fuel for the fuel cell using domestic wastes or the like. SOLUTION: Electric power generated by a solar cell module 1 is converted into an alternate current by an inverter 3 to be used for electrical equipment in a house. As a backup power supply a fuel cell 6 is provided for generating electric power using hydrogen fuel made from wastes or the like including cellulose when the power generated by the solar battery module 1 is not sufficient. The heat collected by a solar heat collector 2 and the waste heat of the fuel cell 6 are once stored in a heat accumulator 8 to be used as a heat source for heating and supplying hot water in the house, and a part of it is supplied to a fuel reforming device 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a clean energy house for supplying electric power and heat to a house or the like by solar power generation and fuel cell power generation installed in the house or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art From the viewpoint of suppressing the consumption of finite fossil fuels and reducing the emission of environmentally harmful substances such as carbon dioxide, clean energy houses that supply electricity and heat using natural energy such as solar power generation. Has been proposed.

The power generation by the solar power generation means is limited during the day, but when this is used in combination with a storage battery, the power consumption of a general house is 3 to 3.5 kW if the solar power generation means is installed. It is estimated that it can almost cover. However, the storage of electric power by the storage battery desirably has an additional auxiliary energy source in consideration of loss, climate change, and economy. At present, electric power is supplied from an existing electric power system as an auxiliary power supply. In addition, a combination of fuel cell power generation and solar power generation using hydrogen or the like as reformed city gas as fuel has been proposed,
In terms of environmental protection, it is desirable to minimize reliance on fossil fuels. If the power generation cost can be reduced by using inexpensive raw materials, it is preferable for the spread of clean energy houses.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention combines a photovoltaic power generation means and a fuel cell means with a solar heat collector, and utilizes the generated electric power and heat to the maximum so that the energy of a practical house or the like can be obtained. It seeks to provide a supply system. Another object of the present invention is to provide an energy supply system for a house or the like capable of reducing harm to the environment and reducing the amount of household waste by manufacturing fuel for fuel cell power generation using household waste and the like. It is something to offer.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems According to the invention of claim 1 of the present application, electric power is supplied by solar power generation means and fuel cell power generation means installed in a house or the like, and waste heat of a fuel cell and a solar heat collector are provided. The above-mentioned problem is solved by an energy supply system for a house or the like that supplies heat energy. The invention of claim 2 of the present application is a solar power generation means installed in a house or the like,
Power is supplied by the fuel cell power generation means, heat energy is supplied by the waste heat of the fuel cell and the solar heat collector, and an energy supply system such as a house that can use hydrogen fuel for power generation as a high-temperature heat source for cooking or the like. To solve the above problems. The invention according to claim 3 of the present application is directed to a pretreatment unit that facilitates saccharification of a substance containing cellulose in an energy supply system such as a house that supplies power by a solar power generation unit and a fuel cell power generation unit installed in a house or the like. An energy having means for saccharifying pretreated cellulose to produce glucose, and means for producing alcohol from glucose, and capable of producing fuel for fuel cell power generation using a substance containing cellulose as a raw material. The above problem is solved by a supply system. The invention according to claim 4 of the present application provides a solar power generation system installed in a house or the like and an energy supply system for a house or the like that supplies power by a fuel cell power generation unit, by utilizing a part of the power generated by the solar power generation. The above-mentioned problem is solved by an energy supply system for a house or the like that produces hydrogen by electrolysis of water and uses the hydrogen as a high-temperature heat source for fuel cell power generation or cooking.

[0006]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, specific embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote a solar cell module and a solar heat collector (solar collector) installed on a roof or the like, respectively, and 3 denotes an inverter that converts DC power from the solar cell module 1 and fuel cell power generation means into AC. Reference numeral 4 denotes a fuel reformer that receives a supply of ethanol, city gas, or the like from the ethanol production means 13 or a gas receiving facility (not shown) shown in FIG.
Is a hydrogen storage device for temporarily storing generated hydrogen by means of a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, 6 is a fuel cell for generating power using reformed gas as fuel, 7 is a switchboard connected to a commercial power system, and 8 is a heat storage device. 1 and 3, E and T indicate the flow of electric power and the flow of heat, respectively.

[0007]

The electric power generated in the solar cell module 1 by sunlight is converted into alternating current by the inverter 3 and supplied to the electric equipment in the house. In this embodiment, when the power generated by the solar power generation exceeds the load in the house, the surplus power is sold to the power company through the existing switchboard 7 and can be used for peak power supply. ing.
When the power generation by the solar cell module 1 is impossible or when the generated power is reduced, the fuel cell 6 generates power to compensate for this, but the power generation amount is minimized. The reformed gas generated by the fuel reformer 4 is temporarily stored in the hydrogen storage device 5 and then supplied from the hydrogen storage device 5 to the fuel cell 6 as needed.

The exhaust heat from the fuel cell 6 is temporarily stored in a heat storage device 8 and a part thereof is supplied to a fuel reforming device 4 and used for heating and hot water supply of a house. Solar Collector 2
Collects solar heat and supplies heat to the heat storage device 8 as well. Thereby, the operation efficiency of the fuel reformer 4 is further enhanced.

FIG. 2 shows a process for producing fuel for power generation of a fuel cell using household waste or the like as a raw material. 1 in the figure
0 is a cutting machine, 11 is a pretreatment means for removing saccharification inhibiting substances such as lignin by, for example, chemical treatment, 12
Is a saccharification tank that produces glucose (glucose) by reacting a solution containing cellulosic material with an enzyme. Cellulase is added to cellulose to make it into cellobiose, and then a serobiase enzyme is added to make glucose. The starch is hydrolyzed by adding an amylase enzyme to maltose, and then a maltase enzyme is added to produce glucose. Reference numeral 13 denotes an ethanol production means for producing ethanol by fermenting glucose in a fermenter by a known alcohol fermentation process, and distilling and cooling it.

First, waste containing cellulose, such as general household waste, newsprint, magazines, waste paper, etc., is crushed by a cutting machine 10 and then subjected to pretreatment for saccharification in a pretreatment means 11. Adjust the pH of the solution thus obtained as necessary.
After sterilization, it is reacted with an enzyme in the saccharification tank 12 to produce glucose. Further, the glucose solution is filtered and supplied to ethanol production means 13 to produce ethanol.
The produced ethanol can be stored as a reserve fuel.

According to calculations, 1 kg of household waste such as waste paper and wood
From 500 g of glucose and 250 g of ethanol from which 240 liters of hydrogen can be obtained, so that fuel cell power generation of about 700 Wh can be performed. In this embodiment, ethanol is produced. However, for example, methane, methanol, or the like may be produced from raw materials.

[0012]

Embodiment 2 FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, reference numeral 9 denotes an electrolyzer for electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen. As in the first embodiment, the electric power generated by the solar cell module 1 is converted into an alternating current by the inverter 3 and supplied to the electric equipment in the house. In the present embodiment, when the power generated by the solar power generation exceeds the power consumption, the excess power is used to electrolyze the water in the electrolyzer 9.
The fuel is stored in the hydrogen storage device 5 and used as reserve fuel for the fuel cell 6. In this embodiment, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device 5 can be used as a high-temperature heat source for cooking or the like. Therefore, it is not necessary to use city gas or the like, which is more effective for saving fossil fuel and protecting the environment.

[0013]

According to the energy supply system of the present invention, power is generated by a solar cell module and a fuel cell, and a renewable energy source such as sunlight or biomass is utilized to the utmost. In addition, the emission of carbon dioxide, which causes global warming, and sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain, can be reduced, which is effective for environmental conservation. In addition, if cellulose is used as a raw material for hydrogen fuel, living and agricultural wastes containing cellulose discharged in large quantities from homes can be effectively used, which helps to reduce the amount of garbage discharged. If water is electrolyzed with excess power and stored in the form of hydrogen as in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, hydrogen fuel can be supplied more stably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing flows of a substance, electricity, and heat in an energy supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing a process of generating a reformed gas containing hydrogen, which is used as fuel for power generation of a fuel cell, by using household waste and the like as a raw material.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing flows of matter, electricity, and heat in the energy supply system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell module 2 Solar heat collector 6 Fuel cell

Claims (4)

[Claims] An energy supply system for a house or the like that supplies electric power by means of solar power generation means and fuel cell power generation means installed in a house or the like and supplies heat energy by waste heat of a fuel cell and a solar heat collector. 2. Power is supplied by solar power generation means and fuel cell power generation means installed in a house or the like, heat energy is supplied by waste heat of a fuel cell and a solar heat collector, and hydrogen fuel for power generation is cooked. Energy supply system for houses, etc. that can be used as a high-temperature heat source for homes. 3. An energy supply system for a house or the like, which is supplied with electric power by means of solar power generation means and fuel cell power generation means installed in a house or the like, comprising: pretreatment means for facilitating saccharification of a substance containing cellulose; An energy supply system comprising: means for saccharifying cellulose to produce glucose; and means for producing alcohol from glucose, and capable of producing fuel for power generation of a fuel cell using a substance containing cellulose as a raw material. 4. In an energy supply system for a house or the like that supplies power by a solar power generation means and a fuel cell power generation means installed in a house or the like, water electrolysis is performed by utilizing a part of the power generated by the solar power generation. Energy production system capable of producing hydrogen.