JP2000337761A - Heat insulation case - Google Patents
Heat insulation caseInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000337761A JP2000337761A JP11149446A JP14944699A JP2000337761A JP 2000337761 A JP2000337761 A JP 2000337761A JP 11149446 A JP11149446 A JP 11149446A JP 14944699 A JP14944699 A JP 14944699A JP 2000337761 A JP2000337761 A JP 2000337761A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- box
- heat
- heat insulating
- core material
- insulating core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/04—Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool which is added to the object to be insulated by pouring, spreading, spraying or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2201/00—Insulation
- F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
- F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、冷蔵庫等に用いる
断熱箱体に係るものであり、特に、廃棄において、環境
に対する負荷が小さい断熱芯材で構成される真空断熱箱
体に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat insulating box used for a refrigerator or the like, and more particularly to a vacuum heat insulating box made of a heat insulating core material having a small environmental load in disposal.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】廃棄物処理問題より、家庭から排出され
る家電製品のリサイクルがメーカーに義務付けられるよ
うになり、その製品の一つに冷蔵庫がある。すなわち、
メーカーは冷蔵庫等の廃家電製品を引き取り、部品、材
料に分離し、これを製品の部品・材料として再利用する
か、あるいは、熱回収することが義務付けられる。しか
し、部品・材料の再利用率は必ずしも１００％ではな
く、その一部は廃棄処理をしなければならない。2. Description of the Related Art Due to the problem of waste disposal, manufacturers are obliged to recycle home electric appliances discharged from homes, and a refrigerator is one of such products. That is,
Manufacturers are obliged to take home appliances such as refrigerators, separate them into parts and materials, reuse them as product parts and materials, or recover heat. However, the recycling rate of parts / materials is not always 100%, and some of them must be disposed of.
【０００３】従来の冷蔵庫等の断熱に用いられる真空断
熱箱体は、粉体や多孔体を、気密性を有する袋状の被覆
材に封入し、真空排気後に密閉した断熱芯材を外箱と内
箱との間に設置する構造のものである。このタイプの断
熱箱体に用いられる断熱芯材として、例えば特開昭５７
−５２７８３号公報ではパーライト等の無機微粉末が提
案されており、また、特開昭５８−１３６４３４号公報
では発泡ポリウレタン、発泡ポリ塩化ビニル等のプラス
チック成形体が提案されている。[0003] A conventional vacuum insulation box used for heat insulation of refrigerators and the like has a powder or porous body sealed in an airtight bag-like covering material, and after evacuation, a hermetically sealed insulation core material is used as an outer box. It is a structure that is installed between the inner box. As a heat insulating core material used for this type of heat insulating box, for example,
JP-A-52783 proposes an inorganic fine powder such as pearlite, and JP-A-58-136434 proposes a plastic molded article such as foamed polyurethane or foamed polyvinyl chloride.
【０００４】それと、製造工程の簡略化が可能な冷蔵庫
等の断熱に用いられる真空断熱箱体は、外箱と、この外
箱に取り付けられた内箱と、上記外箱と内箱との空間部
に充填される断熱芯材とを備え、上記断熱芯材を充填し
た空間部を排気し、真空断熱層を構成するものである。
このタイプの断熱箱体に用いられる断熱芯材として、例
えば 特開平８−１５２２５９号公報ではホワイトカー
ボン、パーライト、シリカ等の無機微粉末が提案されて
おり、また、特開平７−１４８７５２号公報では水発泡
連続気泡硬質ポリウレタンフォームが提案されている。
しかし、大形軽量化の要求から、冷蔵庫用断熱箱体の断
熱芯材に、無機粉末はあまり用いられなく、ほとんどプ
ラスチック材料が用いられている。In addition, a vacuum heat insulating box used for heat insulation of a refrigerator or the like which can simplify a manufacturing process includes an outer box, an inner box attached to the outer box, and a space between the outer box and the inner box. And a heat-insulating core material to be filled in the space, and a space filled with the heat-insulating core material is evacuated to form a vacuum heat-insulating layer.
As a heat insulating core material used for this type of heat insulating box, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-152259 proposes inorganic fine powders such as white carbon, pearlite, and silica, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-148752. Water-foamed open-celled rigid polyurethane foams have been proposed.
However, due to the demand for large and light weight, inorganic powder is rarely used for the heat insulating core of the heat insulating box for refrigerators, and almost all plastic materials are used.
【０００５】上記従来例の断熱箱体で、断熱芯材が無機
微粉末である場合、廃棄処理において、微粉末が飛散し
人体に影響を与える。そこで、これを防止すため、十分
な集塵能力を保有した設備での処理が必要であり、処理
コストが高くなるという問題があった。また、上記従来
例の断熱芯材がプラスチック材料の場合、焼却廃棄処理
があるが、焼却時に発生するガスを処理する設備が必要
であり、処理コストが高くなるという問題があった。低
コストの処理として、埋設処理があるが、埋設処理で
は、長年月にわたり地中に残存し、廃棄後の環境に対す
る負荷が大きいという問題があった。[0005] In the heat insulating box of the above-mentioned conventional example, when the heat insulating core material is an inorganic fine powder, the fine powder is scattered in the disposal treatment and affects the human body. Therefore, in order to prevent this, it is necessary to perform treatment in equipment having sufficient dust collecting ability, and there has been a problem that the treatment cost is increased. Further, in the case where the heat insulating core material of the conventional example is a plastic material, there is incineration disposal treatment. However, equipment for treating gas generated at the time of incineration is required, and there has been a problem that the treatment cost increases. As a low-cost process, there is a burial process. However, the burial process has a problem that it remains in the ground for many months and has a large burden on the environment after disposal.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のような従来の断
熱箱体では、断熱芯材の廃棄処理において、集塵装置あ
るいは排ガス処理装置を備えた設備での処理が必要であ
り、処理コストが高くなるという問題があった。特に、
冷蔵庫等の断熱箱体に多く用いられいるプラスチック材
料の断熱芯材の場合、低コストの処理である埋設処理で
は、プラスチック材料が長年月にわたり地中に残存し、
廃棄後の環境に対する負荷が大きいという問題があっ
た。In the above-described conventional heat-insulating box, the disposal of the heat-insulating core material requires processing in a facility equipped with a dust collecting device or an exhaust gas processing device, and the processing cost is low. There was a problem of getting high. In particular,
In the case of insulation core materials made of plastic materials that are often used for heat insulation boxes such as refrigerators, in the case of burial treatment, which is a low-cost treatment, the plastic materials remain underground for many months,
There is a problem that the burden on the environment after disposal is large.
【０００７】本発明は、かかる課題を解決するためにな
されたものであり、その目的は、優れた断熱性能を有
し、廃棄処理コストが低く、廃棄処理後の環境に対する
負荷が小さいプラスチック材料の断熱芯材で構成された
断熱箱体を提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plastic material having excellent heat insulating performance, low disposal cost, and low environmental load after disposal. An object of the present invention is to provide a heat-insulating box made of a heat-insulating core material.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明に係わる第１の
構成の断熱箱体は、外箱と、この外箱に取り付けられ上
記外箱との間に空間部を形成する内箱と、上記空間部に
充填される生分解性プラスチックを含む断熱芯材とを備
え、上記断熱芯材を充填した空間部を排気し真空断熱層
が形成されたものである。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat insulating box body comprising: an outer box; an inner box attached to the outer box to form a space between the outer box; A heat insulating core material containing a biodegradable plastic filled in the space portion, wherein the space portion filled with the heat insulating core material is evacuated to form a vacuum heat insulating layer.
【０００９】この発明に係わる第２の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第１の構成の断熱箱体において、断熱芯材が、
熱融着した生分解性プラスチックで構成されたものであ
る。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the heat insulating box of the first structure, wherein the heat insulating core material comprises:
It is made of heat-fused biodegradable plastic.
【００１０】この発明に係わる第３の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第１または第２の構成の断熱箱体において、断
熱芯材が、融点が６０℃以上の生分解性プラスチックで
構成されたものである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the heat insulating box of the first or second aspect, the heat insulating core is made of a biodegradable plastic having a melting point of 60 ° C. or more. Things.
【００１１】この発明に係わる第４の構成の断熱箱体
は、外箱と、この外箱に取り付けられ上記外箱との間に
空間部を形成する内箱と、上記空間部に充填された断熱
芯材とを備えた断熱箱体において、上記断熱芯材が、袋
状にした気密性の被覆材に生分解性プラスチックを封入
し、真空排気後に密閉した構成であるものである。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat insulating box having an outer box, an inner box attached to the outer box to form a space between the outer box, and the space. In the heat insulating box provided with the heat insulating core material, the heat insulating core material has a configuration in which a biodegradable plastic is sealed in a bag-shaped airtight covering material, and the bag is sealed after evacuation.
【００１２】この発明に係わる第５の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第４の構成の断熱箱体において、断熱芯材が、
袋状にした気密性の被覆材に熱成形した生分解性プラス
チックを封入し、真空排気後に密閉した構成であるもの
である。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the heat insulating box of the fourth structure, wherein the heat insulating core material comprises:
A thermodeformed biodegradable plastic is sealed in a bag-shaped airtight covering material, and the bag is sealed after evacuation.
【００１３】この発明に係わる第５の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第４または５の構成の断熱箱体において、断熱
芯材が、融点が９０℃以上の生分解性プラスチックで構
成されたものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the heat insulating box of the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the heat insulating core is made of a biodegradable plastic having a melting point of 90 ° C. or more. It is.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下に、図１と図２に示す実施の
形態に基づき、この発明の構成を説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The configuration of the present invention will be described below based on the embodiments shown in FIGS.
【００１５】実施の形態１．図１は、この発明の実施の
形態１である断熱箱体の構成を示す縦断面の模式図であ
る。図において、１は断熱箱体、２は内箱、３は外箱、
４は断熱芯材、５は断熱芯材を充填、あるいは断熱芯材
充填部を真空排気するノズル（以後、充填・排気ノズル
と記す）を示す。Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a heat insulating box according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is an insulated box, 2 is an inner box, 3 is an outer box,
Reference numeral 4 denotes a heat-insulating core material, and 5 denotes a nozzle for filling the heat-insulating core material or evacuating the heat-insulating core material filling portion (hereinafter referred to as a filling / exhausting nozzle).
【００１６】実施の形態１における外箱３は、塗装ある
いはプラスチックをラミネートした意匠性鋼板を折り曲
げ加工によって外箱の形状にしたものである。外箱３に
は、充填・排気ノズル５が設けられてある。The outer box 3 according to the first embodiment is formed by bending a designable steel plate on which paint or plastic is laminated to form an outer box. The outer box 3 is provided with a filling / exhausting nozzle 5.
【００１７】実施の形態１における内箱２は、ＡＢＳ樹
脂（アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン樹脂）等
の樹脂を所定の形状に真空成形した後アルミ層被覆を施
したもの等が挙げられる。内箱２は、外箱３にはめ込む
ことにより外箱３との間に断熱芯材を充填できる空間を
形成するように構成されている。内箱２と外箱３との接
合部は、内箱２と外箱３との空間を真空に保つのに必要
なシール性を保持している。The inner box 2 according to the first embodiment is formed by vacuum forming a resin such as an ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin) into a predetermined shape and then coating the aluminum layer with the resin. The inner box 2 is configured to be inserted into the outer box 3 so as to form a space between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 in which the heat insulating core material can be filled. The joint between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 maintains the sealing required for keeping the space between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 vacuum.
【００１８】実施の形態１における断熱芯材４に用いら
れる生分解性プラスチックとしては、ポリヒドロキシ酪
酸等の微生物系の生分解性プラスチック、でんぷん、セ
ルロース等の天然物系の生分解性プラスチック、ポリビ
ニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）、脂肪族ポリエステル等の化
学合成物系の生分解性プラスチックが挙げられる。Examples of the biodegradable plastic used for the heat insulating core material 4 in Embodiment 1 include microbial biodegradable plastics such as polyhydroxybutyric acid, natural biodegradable plastics such as starch and cellulose, and polyvinyl. Chemically synthesized biodegradable plastics, such as alcohol (PVA) and aliphatic polyester, may be used.
【００１９】また、断熱芯材４としての生分解性プラス
チックの形状は、粉体、ビーズ、ペレット、繊維等が挙
げられるが、充填後の断熱芯材内での空隙サイズが小さ
い程断熱性能が優れているので、粒子サイズの小さい粉
体が好ましい。The shape of the biodegradable plastic as the heat insulating core material 4 includes powder, beads, pellets, fibers and the like. The smaller the void size in the heat insulating core material after filling, the better the heat insulating performance. Powders having a small particle size are preferred because of their superiority.
【００２０】また、断熱芯材４としての生分解性プラス
チックの融点は、断熱箱体１の保管環境から、６０℃以
上が好ましい。生分解性プラスチックの融点が６０℃未
満であると、断熱箱体１の保管時の温度環境において、
生分解性プラスチックが溶融し、断熱芯材４の体積収縮
がおこり、断熱箱体１が変形される。Further, the melting point of the biodegradable plastic as the heat insulating core material 4 is preferably 60 ° C. or more from the storage environment of the heat insulating box 1. When the melting point of the biodegradable plastic is less than 60 ° C., the temperature environment at the time of storage of the heat insulating box 1 is
The biodegradable plastic is melted, and the volume of the heat insulating core 4 shrinks, so that the heat insulating box 1 is deformed.
【００２１】実施の形態１における断熱箱体１の形成
は、以下のようにした。まず、内箱２を外箱３と同形の
治具に嵌合し、この治具と内箱２との空間に生分解性プ
ラスチックを充填した。次に、生分解性プラスチックの
融点で加熱し、生分解性プラスチック自身の形状を保
ち、生分解性プラスチック同士を融着させて、多数の隙
間を保有する断熱芯材４を成形した。そして、この成形
された多数の隙間が存在する断熱芯材４を設置した内箱
２を外箱３に挿入した。The heat-insulating box 1 in the first embodiment was formed as follows. First, the inner box 2 was fitted into a jig having the same shape as the outer box 3, and the space between the jig and the inner box 2 was filled with biodegradable plastic. Next, heating was performed at the melting point of the biodegradable plastic, the shape of the biodegradable plastic itself was maintained, and the biodegradable plastics were fused together to form a heat insulating core material 4 having a large number of gaps. Then, the inner box 2 on which the formed heat insulating core material 4 having a large number of gaps was inserted was inserted into the outer box 3.
【００２２】次に、断熱芯材４が充填された外箱３と内
箱２との空間を、外箱３に設置した充填・排気ノズル５
より排気後、このノズルを密閉し、断熱芯材充填部を真
空とし、断熱箱体１を構成した。断熱芯材４の充填部の
真空度は３０torr以下にすることが好ましい。特に、長
期に安定した断熱特性を維持するには、上記真空度は１
０torr以下がより好ましい。上記断熱芯材充填部を真空
にすることは、断熱芯材４に用いた生分解性プラスチッ
クの劣化を防止し、断熱箱体１の解体後に、上記生分解
性プラスチックを回収し、再利用することが可能にな
り、断熱芯材４の廃棄による環境負荷を一層小さくする
ことができる。Next, the space between the outer box 3 filled with the heat insulating core 4 and the inner box 2 is filled with a filling / exhausting nozzle 5 provided in the outer box 3.
After further evacuation, the nozzle was sealed, and the heat-insulating core material filling section was evacuated to form a heat-insulating box 1. It is preferable that the degree of vacuum of the filling portion of the heat insulating core material 4 is 30 torr or less. In particular, in order to maintain stable heat insulating properties for a long period of time, the above-mentioned degree of vacuum is 1
0 torr or less is more preferable. Making the heat-insulating core material filling section vacuum prevents the degradation of the biodegradable plastic used for the heat-insulating core material 4, and collects and reuses the biodegradable plastic after dismantling the heat-insulating box 1. This makes it possible to further reduce the environmental load due to the disposal of the heat insulating core 4.
【００２３】実施の形態２．実施の形態２における断熱
箱体１の形成は、以下のようにした。図１において、外
箱３に内箱２をはめ込むことにより形成された空間に、
外箱３に設置された充填・排気ノズル５より生分解性プ
ラスチックを注入した。Embodiment 2 FIG. The formation of the heat insulating box 1 in the second embodiment was performed as follows. In FIG. 1, in a space formed by fitting the inner box 2 to the outer box 3,
Biodegradable plastic was injected from a filling / exhausting nozzle 5 installed in the outer box 3.
【００２４】生分解性プラスチックの各粒子が小さくて
軽く、断熱芯材充填部の空間を真空にすべく排気した時
に、生分解性プラスチックが排出空気とともに流失され
る場合、充填した生分解性プラスチックをその融点以上
に加熱して、部分的に溶融し生分解性プラスチック同士
を融着させて断熱芯材４とすることが好ましい。その他
は実施の形態１と同じとした。If the particles of the biodegradable plastic are small and light and the biodegradable plastic is washed away with the exhaust air when the space of the heat insulating core material filling section is evacuated to a vacuum, the filled biodegradable plastic is Is preferably heated to a temperature equal to or higher than its melting point to partially melt and fuse the biodegradable plastics together to form the heat insulating core material 4. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
【００２５】すなわち、次に実施の形態１と同様にし
て、充填・排気ノズル５より排気後、断熱芯材充填部を
真空とし、上記ノズルを密閉し、断熱箱体１を構成し
た。断熱芯材４の充填部の真空度は３０torr以下にする
ことが好ましい。特に、長期に安定した断熱特性を維持
するには、上記真空度は１０torr以下がより好ましい。
上記断熱芯材充填部を真空にすることは、断熱芯材４に
用いた生分解性プラスチックの劣化を防止し、断熱箱体
１の解体後に、上記生分解性プラスチックを回収し、再
利用することが可能になり、断熱芯材４の廃棄による環
境負荷を一層小さくすることができる。That is, as in the first embodiment, after exhausting from the filling / exhausting nozzle 5, the heat-insulating core material filling section was evacuated, the nozzle was sealed, and the heat-insulating box 1 was constructed. It is preferable that the degree of vacuum of the filling portion of the heat insulating core material 4 is 30 torr or less. In particular, in order to maintain stable heat insulating properties for a long period of time, the degree of vacuum is more preferably 10 torr or less.
Making the heat-insulating core material filling section vacuum prevents the degradation of the biodegradable plastic used for the heat-insulating core material 4, and collects and reuses the biodegradable plastic after dismantling the heat-insulating box 1. This makes it possible to further reduce the environmental load due to the disposal of the heat insulating core 4.
【００２６】実施の形態３．図２は、この発明の実施の
形態３である断熱箱体１の構成を示す縦断面の模式図で
ある。図において、４ｂは断熱芯材、６は断熱充填材、
７は充填ノズルを示す。Embodiment 3 FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a heat insulating box 1 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the figure, 4b is a heat insulating core material, 6 is a heat insulating filler,
Reference numeral 7 denotes a filling nozzle.
【００２７】実施の形態３における断熱芯材４ｂはパネ
ル形状である。すなわち、生分解性プラスチックを、気
密性を有する袋状の被覆材に封入し、真空排気後に密封
して、パネル状の構造とした。被覆材としては、アルミ
箔にポリエチレン等の熱融着可能な樹脂をラミネートし
たアルミラミネートフィルムが用いらる。まず、このフ
ィルムを、生分解性プラスチックを充填する部分を残し
て熱融着することにより、袋状にした。次に、アルミラ
ミネートフィルムに生分解性プラスチックを充填後、排
気し、未融着部を融着し、内部を真空に保持したパネル
状の断熱芯材４ｂとした。生分解性プラスチックを封入
した上記パネル状断熱芯材４ｂ内部の真空度は３０torr
以下にすることが好ましい。特に、長期に安定した断熱
特性を維持するには、上記真空度は１０torr以下がより
好ましい。The heat insulating core 4b in the third embodiment has a panel shape. That is, the biodegradable plastic was sealed in an airtight bag-shaped covering material, evacuated, and then sealed to obtain a panel-like structure. As the covering material, an aluminum laminated film in which a heat-fusible resin such as polyethylene is laminated on an aluminum foil is used. First, this film was heat-fused except for a portion to be filled with a biodegradable plastic, thereby forming a bag. Next, after filling the biodegradable plastic into the aluminum laminate film, the air was evacuated, the unfused portion was fused, and a panel-shaped heat insulating core material 4b having the inside kept in vacuum was obtained. The degree of vacuum inside the panel-shaped heat insulating core material 4b containing the biodegradable plastic is 30 torr.
It is preferable to set the following. In particular, in order to maintain stable heat insulating properties for a long period of time, the degree of vacuum is more preferably 10 torr or less.
【００２８】生分解性プラスチックが粉体、ビーズ、ペ
レット、繊維など、飛散しやすい形状であるので、予め
治具を用いて、生分解性プラスチック同士を融着させ、
多数の隙間を保有した板状等に成形して、被覆材に封入
することが、真空排気時や解体時に生分解性プラスチッ
クを飛散させずにすむので好ましい。Since the biodegradable plastic has a shape that is easily scattered, such as powder, beads, pellets, fibers, etc., the biodegradable plastics are fused together using a jig in advance.
It is preferable to form the plate into a plate shape having a large number of gaps and enclose it in a covering material because the biodegradable plastic does not scatter during evacuation or disassembly.
【００２９】実施の形態３に用いられる生分解性プラス
チックとしては、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸等の微生物系の生
分解性プラスチック、でんぷん、セルロース等の天然物
系の生分解性プラスチック、ポリビニルアルコール（Ｐ
ＶＡ）、脂肪族ポリエステル等の化学合成物系の生分解
性プラスチックが挙げられる。Examples of the biodegradable plastic used in Embodiment 3 include microbial biodegradable plastics such as polyhydroxybutyric acid, natural biodegradable plastics such as starch and cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol (P).
VA), and biodegradable plastics of a chemical compound type such as aliphatic polyester.
【００３０】そして、生分解性プラスチックの融点は、
実施の形態３における断熱箱体製造時の温度環境から、
９０℃以上が好ましい。生分解性プラスチックの融点が
９０℃未満であると、断熱箱体１の製造時の温度環境に
おいて、生分解性プラスチックが溶融し、断熱芯材４ｂ
の体積収縮がおこり、断熱箱体１が変形される。The melting point of the biodegradable plastic is
From the temperature environment at the time of manufacturing the heat insulating box in the third embodiment,
90 ° C. or higher is preferred. When the melting point of the biodegradable plastic is lower than 90 ° C., the biodegradable plastic is melted in the temperature environment at the time of manufacturing the heat insulating box 1 and the heat insulating core material 4 b
The heat insulation box 1 is deformed.
【００３１】実施の形態３における断熱芯材４ｂを、実
施の形態２と同じ構成の外箱３に設置し、上記外箱３
に、実施の形態２と同じ構成の内箱２をはめ込み、断熱
充填材６として従来の冷蔵庫等に用いられている硬質の
独立気泡ポリウレタンフォームの原料液を充填ノズル７
より注入し、発泡成形させた後、充填ノズル７を密閉す
ることにより断熱箱体１を構成した。上記パネル状の断
熱芯材４ｂの内部を真空にすることは、断熱芯材４ｂに
用いた生分解性プラスチックの劣化を防止し、断熱箱体
１の解体後に、上記生分解性プラスチックを回収し、再
利用することが可能になり、断熱芯材４ｂの廃棄による
環境負荷を一層小さくすることができる。The heat insulating core material 4b according to the third embodiment is installed in the outer box 3 having the same configuration as that of the second embodiment.
Then, an inner box 2 having the same configuration as that of the second embodiment is fitted therein, and a raw material liquid of a rigid closed-cell polyurethane foam used in a conventional refrigerator or the like is filled as a heat insulating filler 6 with a filling nozzle 7.
After filling and foaming, the heat-insulating box 1 was constructed by sealing the filling nozzle 7. By evacuating the inside of the panel-shaped heat insulating core material 4b, deterioration of the biodegradable plastic used for the heat insulating core material 4b is prevented, and after the heat insulating box 1 is disassembled, the biodegradable plastic is recovered. It can be reused, and the environmental load due to the disposal of the heat insulating core 4b can be further reduced.
【００３２】以下、本発明の断熱箱体およびこの断熱箱
体を用いた冷蔵庫の運転性能、ならびに本発明の断熱箱
体に用いた生分解性プラスチックの断熱芯材を土壌に埋
設した時の分解性を、実施例に基づきさらに詳しく説明
するが、本発明はかかる実施例のみに限定されるもので
はない。The operation performance of the heat-insulating box of the present invention and the refrigerator using the heat-insulating box, and the decomposition of the biodegradable plastic heat-insulating core material used for the heat-insulating box of the present invention when buried in soil The characteristics will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to only these Examples.
【００３３】[0033]
【実施例】実施例１．〜２．表１の実施例番号１または
２に記載の生分解性プラスチックを、ＡＢＳ樹脂を真空
成形しアルミ被覆を施した内箱２および外箱３と同形の
治具とを用いて成形し、上記内箱２上に断熱芯材４を形
成した。上記断熱芯材４が設置された内箱２を、薄板鋼
板の折り曲げ加工によって得られた外箱３に挿入嵌合し
た。次に、断熱芯材４が充填された内箱２と外箱３との
空間（箱間距離約３ｃｍ）を１０-2torrになるまで排気
し、充填・排気ノズル５を密閉して実施の形態１の断熱
箱体１を作製し、４００Ｌクラスの冷蔵庫に適用した。[Embodiment 1] ~ 2. The biodegradable plastic described in Example No. 1 or 2 in Table 1 was molded using a jig having the same shape as the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 in which ABS resin was vacuum formed and coated with aluminum. The heat insulating core 4 was formed on the box 2. The inner box 2 provided with the heat insulating core 4 was inserted and fitted into the outer box 3 obtained by bending a thin steel plate. Next, the space between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 filled with the heat insulating core material 4 (distance between the boxes is about 3 cm) is evacuated until the pressure becomes 10 -2 torr, and the filling and exhaust nozzle 5 is sealed. The heat-insulated box 1 of the first embodiment was manufactured and applied to a 400-L class refrigerator.
【００３４】実施例３．薄板鋼板の折り曲げ加工によっ
て得られた外箱３とＡＢＳ樹脂を真空成形しアルミ被覆
を施した内箱２との空間に、表１の実施例番号３に記載
の生分解性プラスチックを、充填・排気ノズル５から注
入した。生分解性プラスチックを充填した断熱箱体１
を、使用した生分解性プラスチックの融点である９５℃
まで加熱し、生分解性プラスチック同士を融着させ断熱
芯材４とした。次に、断熱芯材４が充填された内箱２と
外箱３との空間（箱間距離約３ｃｍ）を１０-2torrにな
るまで排気後、充填・排気ノズル５を密閉して実施の形
態２の断熱箱体１を作製し、４００Ｌクラスの冷蔵庫に
適用した。Embodiment 3 FIG. The space between the outer box 3 obtained by bending the thin steel plate and the inner box 2 coated with aluminum by vacuum forming the ABS resin and filled with the biodegradable plastic described in Example No. 3 in Table 1 The gas was injected from the exhaust nozzle 5. Insulated box 1 filled with biodegradable plastic
At 95 ° C. which is the melting point of the biodegradable plastic used.
To form a heat insulating core material 4 by fusing the biodegradable plastics together. Next, after the space between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 filled with the heat insulating core material 4 (the distance between the boxes is about 3 cm) is evacuated to 10 -2 torr, the filling / exhausting nozzle 5 is closed and the operation is performed. The heat-insulated box 1 of the form 2 was produced and applied to a 400 L class refrigerator.
【００３５】実施例４．〜６．表１の実施例番号４ない
し６のいずれかに記載の生分解性プラスチックを治具中
で厚さ２ｃｍのボード状に熱成形加工した。これを、封
止面が熱融着可能なポリエチレン樹脂、中間層が外気の
遮蔽効果の高いアルミ箔、外層が傷付きなどに耐性のあ
るナイロンからなる多層シートの被覆材で作製した袋に
挿入し、１０-2torrの真空雰囲気下で未融着部を封止し
てパネル状の断熱芯材４ｂを作製した。薄板鋼板の折り
曲げ加工によって得られた外箱３の天井面、左右側面、
背面に上記断熱芯材４ｂを設置後、ＡＢＳ樹脂を真空成
形しアルミ被覆を施した内箱２を嵌合した。次に、内箱
２と外箱３との間に形成された空隙に独立気泡ポリウレ
タンフォームを注入・発泡して充填させることで完全に
固定して、実施の形態３の断熱箱体１を作製し、４００
Ｌクラスの冷蔵庫に適用した。Embodiment 4 FIG. ~ 6. The biodegradable plastic described in any of Examples Nos. 4 to 6 in Table 1 was thermoformed into a board having a thickness of 2 cm in a jig. This is inserted into a bag made of a heat-fusible polyethylene resin for the sealing surface, an aluminum foil for the intermediate layer, and a multi-layered sheet covering material made of nylon with an outer layer that is highly resistant to scratching. Then, the unfused portion was sealed in a vacuum atmosphere of 10 -2 torr to produce a panel-shaped heat insulating core material 4b. The ceiling surface, left and right side surfaces of the outer box 3 obtained by bending the thin steel plate,
After installing the heat insulating core 4b on the back surface, the inner box 2 formed by vacuum molding ABS resin and applying aluminum coating was fitted. Next, the closed space is completely fixed by injecting, foaming, and filling a gap formed between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 with the closed-cell polyurethane foam to produce the heat-insulated box 1 of the third embodiment. And 400
Applied to L class refrigerators.
【００３６】[0036]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３７】比較例１．内箱２と外箱３との空間のすべ
てに独立気泡ポリウレタンフォームを注入・発泡して充
填させた断熱箱体１を作製し、４００Ｌクラスの冷蔵庫
に適用した。Comparative Example 1 An insulated box 1 was prepared by injecting and foaming closed cell polyurethane foam into all of the space between the inner box 2 and the outer box 3 to fill it, and applied to a 400 L class refrigerator.
【００３８】比較例２．実施例４における生分解性プラ
スチックの代わりに特開昭５８−１３６４３４号公報で
代表される連続気泡の独立気泡ポリウレタンフォームを
用いた以外は実施例４と同様にして断熱箱体１を作製
し、４００Ｌクラスの冷蔵庫に適用した。Comparative Example 2 An insulated box 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that an open-cell closed-cell polyurethane foam represented by JP-A-58-136434 was used instead of the biodegradable plastic in Example 4. Applied to 400L class refrigerators.
【００３９】（消費電力の測定）実施例１〜６、比較例
１〜２の断熱箱体を適用した各冷蔵庫をＪＩＳ Ｃ ９
６０７における消費電力Ｂ法に準拠して消費電力を測定
し、その結果を表２に示した。(Measurement of Power Consumption) Each refrigerator to which the heat insulating boxes of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were applied was subjected to JIS C 9
The power consumption was measured according to the power consumption B method in 607, and the results are shown in Table 2.
【００４０】[0040]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００４１】以上の結果から、断熱芯材に生分解性プラ
スチックを用い、断熱芯材充填部を真空にした断熱箱体
を適用した冷蔵庫の消費電力量は、独立気泡ポリウレタ
ンのみを断熱芯材として用いた比較例１の従来の冷蔵庫
に比較して少なく、断熱箱体の断熱性能が有為に優れて
いることがわかった。また、生分解性プラスチックをパ
ネル状の断熱芯材に用いた冷蔵庫（実施例４〜６）にお
いても従来の連続気泡ポリウレタンフォームを使用した
冷蔵庫より少ない消費電力量を示すことも確認できた。
すなわち、生分解性プラスチックが冷蔵庫等の断熱箱体
の断熱芯材として好ましいことがわかった。From the above results, the power consumption of a refrigerator in which a biodegradable plastic is used for the heat insulating core material and the heat insulating core body is filled with a vacuum and the heat insulating box body is applied is as follows. It was found that the heat insulation performance of the heat insulating box was significantly superior to that of the conventional refrigerator of Comparative Example 1 which was used. In addition, it was also confirmed that the refrigerators using biodegradable plastics as the panel-shaped heat insulating cores (Examples 4 to 6) exhibited lower power consumption than refrigerators using the conventional open-cell polyurethane foam.
That is, it was found that biodegradable plastic is preferable as a heat insulating core material of a heat insulating box such as a refrigerator.
【００４２】（生分解性試験）次に消費電力量を測定し
た冷蔵庫を解体し、その断熱芯材を土壌に埋設し、重量
変化を測定することにより生分解性を評価し、その結果
を表３に示した。なお、ポリウレタンフォームの断熱芯
材については適当な大きさに切り出し、生分解性プラス
チックの断熱芯材については比較を容易にするため融点
以上で押し固めた。(Biodegradability test) Next, the refrigerator whose power consumption was measured was disassembled, the heat insulating core was buried in soil, and the change in weight was measured to evaluate the biodegradability. 3 is shown. The heat insulating core material of the polyurethane foam was cut into an appropriate size, and the heat insulating core material of the biodegradable plastic was compacted at a melting point or higher to facilitate comparison.
【００４３】[0043]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００４４】以上の結果から、生分解性プラスチックの
断熱芯材は重量減少率が従来の断熱芯材であるポリウレ
タンフォームに比べ著しく大きく、環境負荷が小さいこ
とがわかった。また、飛散しにくい形状に加工した断熱
芯材を用いていたため、解体自体も容易なものであっ
た。From the above results, it was found that the weight loss rate of the biodegradable plastic heat insulating core material was significantly larger than that of the conventional heat insulating core material polyurethane foam, and the environmental load was small. In addition, since the heat insulating core material processed into a shape that is difficult to be scattered was used, disassembly itself was easy.
【００４５】以上、本発明の実施の形態である冷蔵庫に
ついて説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでは
なく、例えば車載用小型冷蔵庫、プレハブ式簡易冷蔵
庫、保冷車等保温および保冷用製品の断熱用部品として
の応用も可能であり、その仕様を脱し得ない範囲で種々
変形して実施することが可能である。The refrigerator according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a product for keeping warm and keeping cool such as a small refrigerator mounted on a car, a simple prefabricated refrigerator, and a cool car. Can be applied as a heat insulating component, and can be implemented in various modifications without departing from the specification.
【００４６】[0046]
【発明の効果】この発明に係わる第１の構成の断熱箱体
は、外箱と、この外箱に取り付けられ上記外箱との間に
空間部を形成する内箱と、上記空間部に充填される生分
解性プラスチックを含む断熱芯材とを備え、上記断熱芯
材を充填した空間部を排気し真空断熱層が形成されたも
のであり、冷蔵庫の断熱箱体として優れた断熱性能を保
持し、断熱箱体使用後の断熱芯材の廃棄処理として土壌
埋設を行った場合の環境負荷を低減することができる。According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat insulating box having an outer box, an inner box attached to the outer box to form a space between the outer box, and filling the space. And a heat insulating core material containing a biodegradable plastic to be used, and a space filled with the heat insulating core material is evacuated to form a vacuum heat insulating layer, which maintains excellent heat insulating performance as a heat insulating box of a refrigerator. However, it is possible to reduce the environmental load when soil is buried as a disposal treatment of the heat insulating core material after using the heat insulating box.
【００４７】この発明に係わる第２の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第１の構成の断熱箱体において、断熱芯材が、
熱融着した生分解性プラスチックで構成されたものであ
り、断熱箱体作製および解体時に断熱芯材の飛散を防止
することができるとともに、冷蔵庫の断熱箱体として優
れた断熱性能を保持し、断熱箱体使用後の断熱芯材の廃
棄処理として土壌埋設を行った場合の環境負荷を低減す
ることができる。The heat-insulating box of the second configuration according to the present invention is the heat-insulating box of the first configuration, wherein the heat-insulating core is:
It is made of heat-fused biodegradable plastic, and can prevent the heat insulating core material from scattering at the time of heat insulation box production and dismantling, and also has excellent heat insulation performance as a refrigerator heat insulation box, It is possible to reduce the environmental burden when soil is buried as a disposal treatment of the heat insulating core after using the heat insulating box.
【００４８】この発明に係わる第３の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第１または第２の構成の断熱箱体において、断
熱芯材が、融点が６０℃以上の生分解性プラスチックで
構成されたものであり、断熱箱体保管時の温度環境にお
ける断熱箱体の変形を防止するとともに、冷蔵庫の断熱
箱体として優れた断熱性能を保持し、断熱箱体使用後の
断熱芯材の廃棄処理として土壌埋設を行った場合の環境
負荷を低減することができる。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the heat insulating box of the first or second structure, the heat insulating core is made of a biodegradable plastic having a melting point of 60 ° C. or more. In addition to preventing deformation of the heat-insulating box in the temperature environment during storage of the heat-insulating box, it also retains excellent heat-insulating performance as a heat-insulating box for refrigerators, and as a disposal treatment of heat-insulating core material after using the heat-insulating box. It is possible to reduce the environmental load when soil is buried.
【００４９】この発明に係わる第４の構成の断熱箱体
は、外箱と、この外箱に取り付けられ上記外箱との間に
空間部を形成する内箱と、上記空間部に充填された断熱
芯材とを備えた断熱箱体において、上記断熱芯材が、袋
状にした気密性の被覆材に生分解性プラスチックを封入
し、真空排気後に密閉した構成であるものであり、冷蔵
庫の断熱箱体として優れた断熱性能を保持し、断熱箱体
使用後の断熱芯材の廃棄処理として土壌埋設を行った場
合の環境負荷を低減することができる。The heat-insulating box of the fourth configuration according to the present invention has an outer box, an inner box attached to the outer box to form a space between the outer box, and the space filled. In a heat-insulating box provided with a heat-insulating core material, the heat-insulating core material has a configuration in which a biodegradable plastic is sealed in a bag-shaped airtight covering material, and sealed after vacuum evacuation. It is possible to maintain excellent heat insulating performance as a heat insulating box, and to reduce the environmental load when soil is buried as a disposal treatment of the heat insulating core material after using the heat insulating box.
【００５０】この発明に係わる第５の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第４の構成の断熱箱体において、断熱芯材が、
袋状にした気密性の被覆材に熱成形した生分解性プラス
チックを封入し、真空排気後に密閉した構成であるもの
であり、断熱箱体作製および解体時に断熱芯材の飛散を
防止することができるとともに、冷蔵庫の断熱箱体とし
て優れた断熱性能を保持し、断熱箱体使用後の断熱芯材
の廃棄処理として土壌埋設を行った場合の環境負荷を低
減することができる。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the heat insulating box of the fourth structure, wherein the heat insulating core material comprises:
It is a configuration in which thermoformed biodegradable plastic is sealed in a bag-shaped airtight covering material, sealed after vacuum evacuation, and can prevent scattering of the heat insulating core material during production and dismantling of the heat insulating box. It is possible to maintain excellent heat insulating performance as a heat insulating box of a refrigerator and to reduce an environmental load when soil is buried as a disposal treatment of a heat insulating core material after using the heat insulating box.
【００５１】この発明に係わる第６の構成の断熱箱体
は、上記第４または５の構成の断熱箱体において、断熱
芯材が、融点が９０℃以上の生分解性プラスチックで構
成されたものであり、断熱箱体製造時の温度環境におけ
る断熱箱体の変形を防止するとともに、冷蔵庫の断熱箱
体として優れた断熱性能を保持し、断熱箱体使用後の断
熱芯材の廃棄処理として土壌埋設を行った場合の環境負
荷を低減することができる。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the heat insulating box of the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the heat insulating core is made of a biodegradable plastic having a melting point of 90 ° C. or more. In addition to preventing deformation of the heat-insulating box in the temperature environment at the time of manufacturing the heat-insulating box, it also maintains excellent heat-insulating performance as a heat-insulating box for a refrigerator, and disposes of the heat-insulating core material after using the heat-insulating box. The environmental load when burying is performed can be reduced.
【図１】 本発明の実施の形態１または２における断熱
箱体の構成を示す縦断面模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a heat insulating box according to Embodiment 1 or 2 of the present invention.
【図２】 本発明の実施の形態３における断熱箱体の構
成を示す縦断面模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a configuration of a heat insulating box according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
１ 断熱箱体、２ 内箱、３ 外箱、４、４ｂ 断熱芯
材、５ 充填・排気ノズル、６ 断熱充填材、７ 充填
ノズル1 Insulated box, 2 Inner box, 3 Outer box, 4 and 4b Insulated core material, 5 Filling / exhausting nozzle, 6 Insulating filler, 7 Filling nozzle
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山田 祥 東京都千代田区丸の内二丁目２番３号 三 菱電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 西本 芳夫 東京都千代田区丸の内二丁目２番３号 三 菱電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 岩田 修一 東京都千代田区丸の内二丁目２番３号 三 菱電機株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 3E067 AB01 BA05A BA05C BA12B BB11A BB11C BB17A BB17B GA13 GA14 3H036 AA08 AA09 AB18 AB23 AB28 AC01 AE13 3L102 JA01 LB01 MA01 MB17 MB23 MB27 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Sho Yamada 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Yoshio Nishimoto 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 3 Rishi Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shuichi Iwata 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Sanryo Electric Co., Ltd.F-term (reference) AB28 AC01 AE13 3L102 JA01 LB01 MA01 MB17 MB23 MB27
Claims (6)
箱との間に空間部を形成する内箱と、上記空間部に充填
される生分解性プラスチックを含む断熱芯材とを備え、
上記断熱芯材を充填した空間部を排気し真空断熱層が形
成されたことを特徴とする断熱箱体。1. An outer box, an inner box attached to the outer box to form a space between the outer box and the outer box, and an insulating core material containing biodegradable plastic filled in the space. ,
A heat insulating box, wherein a space filled with the heat insulating core material is evacuated to form a vacuum heat insulating layer.
チックで構成されたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の
断熱箱体。2. The heat-insulating box according to claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating core is made of a heat-fused biodegradable plastic.
性プラスチックで構成されたことを特徴とする請求項１
または２に記載の断熱箱体。3. The heat insulating core material is made of a biodegradable plastic having a melting point of 60 ° C. or higher.
Or the heat-insulating box according to 2.
箱との間に空間部を形成する内箱と、上記空間部に充填
された断熱芯材とを備えた断熱箱体において、上記断熱
芯材が、袋状にした気密性の被覆材に生分解性プラスチ
ックを封入し、真空排気後に密閉した構成であることを
特徴とする断熱箱体。4. An insulating box body comprising: an outer box; an inner box attached to the outer box to form a space between the outer box; and an insulating core material filled in the space. A heat-insulating box, wherein the heat-insulating core has a configuration in which a biodegradable plastic is sealed in a bag-shaped airtight covering material, and the bag is closed after evacuation.
に熱成形した生分解性プラスチックを封入し、真空排気
後に密閉した構成であることを特徴とする請求項４に記
載の断熱箱体。5. The heat insulating core material according to claim 4, wherein a thermodegradable biodegradable plastic is sealed in a bag-shaped airtight covering material, and the bag is hermetically sealed after evacuation. Insulated box.
性プラスチックで構成されたことを特徴とする請求項４
または５に記載の断熱箱体。6. The heat insulating core material is made of a biodegradable plastic having a melting point of 90 ° C. or more.
Or a heat insulating box according to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11149446A JP2000337761A (en) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-05-28 | Heat insulation case |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11149446A JP2000337761A (en) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-05-28 | Heat insulation case |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000337761A true JP2000337761A (en) | 2000-12-08 |
Family
ID=15475308
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11149446A Pending JP2000337761A (en) | 1999-05-28 | 1999-05-28 | Heat insulation case |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000337761A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005163981A (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-23 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | Core for vacuum heat-insulating material, and vacuum heat-insulating material using the same |
-
1999
- 1999-05-28 JP JP11149446A patent/JP2000337761A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005163981A (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-23 | Kurabo Ind Ltd | Core for vacuum heat-insulating material, and vacuum heat-insulating material using the same |
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