JP2000336836A - Structure, and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light and highly rigid structure. SOLUTION: Two face plates 21, 22 are joined with each other through ribs 23A, 23B in a truss to form a hollow shape. An end part of one face plate 21 is in the vicinity of a top of a truss at an end part of the hollow shape. An end part of the other face plate 22b is projected from the end part of the face plate 21. The face plate 22b is friction-agitation joined from an upper part. Then, a connection member 30 is arranged between the face plates 21, and friction-agitation joined from an upper part. The load in the friction- agitation joining is sustained by the ribs 23A, 23B. The whole structure is of the truss-structure which is light in weight and high in rigidity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hollow structural member and a method for manufacturing the same. For example, it is suitable for manufacturing a structure using a hollow extruded member made of an aluminum alloy used for a railway vehicle, a building, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a friction stir welding method, a round bar (referred to as a rotary tool) inserted into a joint is moved along a joining line while rotating, so that the joint is heated, softened, plastically fluidized, and solid-phased. It is a joining method. The rotary tool has a small diameter portion inserted into the joint and a large diameter portion located outside. The small diameter part and the large diameter part are coaxial. The boundary between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion is slightly inserted into the joint. This is disclosed in JP-A-9-3091.
No. 64 (EP0797043A2). FIG. 9 of this document shows that the joining of two surfaces of a hollow extruded profile is performed from one surface. Also shown is a joint for preventing deformation of the hollow profile.

[0003]

The difference between the friction stir welding and the arc welding is that a large load acts on the members to be joined by inserting a rotary tool. This load mainly acts in the insertion direction (the direction of the axis) of the rotary tool. That is, the insertion force of the rotating tool acts on the member to be joined.

When a hollow extruded section is subjected to friction stir welding, the insertion force acts on a face plate or a rib connecting two parallel face plates, and the hollow section is deformed. For this reason, a structure for preventing deformation of the joint portion is required.

The means for preventing deformation is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-309.
No. 164 (EP0797043A2). This is provided with a vertical plate (referred to as a vertical rib) for joining two face plates at a joint portion. The vertical rib is on an extension of the axis of the rotary tool. The vertical rib is one of ribs connecting two face plates. Since a large load acts intensively on the vertical ribs, it is necessary to increase the plate thickness. For this reason, there is a limit in reducing the weight of the joint.

The vertical rib will be examined from another viewpoint. It is known that, when an out-of-plane bending force acts on a hollow profile, a portion that is dominant in overall rigidity is a rib. In order to improve the rigidity against the out-of-plane bending force, it is desirable to arrange the ribs in a direction of 45 degrees with respect to the face plate which is the main stress direction of the shearing force. However, a vertical rib perpendicular to the two face plates hardly contributes as a strength member.

As described above, although the vertical ribs hardly contribute to the improvement of rigidity when the structure is used as a strength member, it is necessary to increase the plate thickness to support the insertion force during friction stir welding. This makes it difficult to reduce the weight of the joint. An object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight and highly rigid structure.

[0008]

The object of the present invention is to provide a truss-like connection between two face plates by a plurality of ribs, and the end of one of the face plates is a vertex of the truss at the end of the hollow profile. Are prepared, two ends of the other face plate are provided with two hollow profiles protruded from the end of the one face plate, and the protruded face plates are joined to each other from the one face plate side. A connecting member is disposed between an end of the one face plate of the one hollow profile and an end of the one face plate of the other hollow profile, and each of the ends of the connecting material is It can be achieved by bonding to the one face plate.

[0009]

1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention.
This will be described below. In the following description, reference numerals not shown in FIG. 1 may be used. In that case, refer to the code in the right half of FIG.

The vehicle body 200 has a side structure 20 forming a side surface.
1, a roof structure 202 constituting a roof, an underframe 203 constituting a floor, and a wife structure 204 constituting an end in a longitudinal direction. The side structure 201, the roof structure 202, and the underframe 203 are each formed by joining a plurality of extruded members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded profile is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The extruded profile is a hollow profile made of an aluminum alloy.

The hollow members 10, 2 constituting the side structure 201
The configuration and the joining method of No. 0 will be described. Elsewhere,
The same applies to other structures. The hollow members 10 and 20 include two face plates 11, 12, 21 and 22 and a plurality of ribs 13 and 23 arranged in a truss shape. The two face plates 11, 12 (2
1, 22) are substantially parallel. The pitch of the truss by the ribs 13 and 23 is the same. Truss ribs 13,2
3, constituted by the center line of the thickness of the face plates 11, 12, 21, 22; The vertices are on the face plates 11, 12, 21, 22 side. The vertices are indicated by black circles.

Rails 19 and 29 for mounting equipment are integrally provided near the top of the truss inside the vehicle. The rails 19 and 29 are composed of two L-shaped members. The rails serve as seats for equipment such as interior boards and chairs.

The ends of the face plates 12 and 22 located on the outer surface side of the vehicle body project toward the adjacent hollow members 20 and 10 than the ends of the face plates 11 and 21 inside the vehicle. The protruding face plates are called 12b and 22b. The ends of the face plates 12b and 22b are abutted against each other to perform friction stir welding. Face plate 12b,
The plate thickness of 22b is larger than the plate thickness of the face plates 12 and 22 in other portions.

An end of the face plate 11 on the inside of the vehicle and an end of the face plate 21 are joined via a connecting member 30. Connection material 3
Butted portions of the face plate 11 and 21 are friction stir welded. The joint between the connecting member 30 and the face plates 11 and 21 is located near the top of the truss by the ribs 13 and 23 and the face plates 11, 12, 21 and 22. Hollow profiles 10 and 20 are face plates 1
2 and 22 are placed on the bed 240 with the lower side. The side of the face plates 11 and 21 faces upward. Rotating tool 25 from above
0 is inserted into the joint to perform friction stir welding. It can be said that friction stir welding is performed from the inside of the car.

At the ends of the face plates 12b and 22b, there are protruding portions 16 and 26 projecting toward the inside of the vehicle (ie, toward the face plates 11 and 21). In the vicinity of the ends of the face plates 11 and 21 (that is, the vertices of the end trusses), there are convex portions 15 and 25 protruding inward of the vehicle (that is, the outer surface side of the face plates). At the end of the connecting member 30, there are convex portions 35, 35 protruding toward the inside of the vehicle (that is, the outer surfaces of the face plates 11, 21 and the outer surfaces of the hollow members). Convex part 15, 2
The heights and widths of 5, 35, 16, and 26 are substantially the same. Although the protrusions 15 and the butting surfaces 15b are not shown, the face plate 1 like the protrusions 25 and the butting surfaces 25b is not shown.
1 at the end.

The butting surfaces 15b, 25b of the projections 15, 25, 35, 16, 26 are vertical. The corresponding butting surface of the end of the connecting member 30 is also vertical. The end of the connecting member 30 rests on seats 17, 27 protruding near the apex of the truss. The seats 17 and 27 are ribs 13A,
It protrudes from 23A. The vertical surfaces 15b and 25b and the upper surfaces of the seats 17 and 27 form a recess. The recess is formed on the surface side along the face plates 11 and 21 and the hollow profile 1.
It is open on the end side of 0 and 20.

The butting surfaces 15b and 25b are
It is orthogonal to 12, 21, 22. That is, it is along the normal of the face plate. The butting surfaces 15b, 25b extend along the thickness direction of the hollow profiles 10, 20. Butt surface 15
The positions of b and 25b are located on the other end side of the hollow profiles 10 and 20 with respect to the normal passing through the vertex of the truss. When the butting surfaces 15b and 25b are on the normal passing through the vertex of the truss and the width of the connecting member 30 is short (within an allowable error), the insertion position of the rotary tool 250 is closer to the connecting member 30 side. That's why. In this case, the load on the ribs 13A and 23A at the ends may be excessive. Two convex portions 15 (2
5) The width of 35 is detected and the center of the rotary tool 250 is detected.
Align the axes.

The lower surface of the end of the connecting member 30 (that is, the face plate 1)
2b and 22b sides) gradually project toward the lower surface side.
The reason why the ends protrude from the lower surface is to increase the thickness of the joining bead. The plate 31 of the connecting member 30 (the portion excluding the upper and lower convex portions at the ends) is on an extension of the face plates 11 and 21 of the hollow members 10 and 20. The thickness of the plate 31 is equal to or greater than the thickness of the face plates 11 and 21. The connecting member 30 is an extruded member made of the same material as the hollow members 10 and 20. The length of the connecting member 30 is the same as the length of the hollow members 10 and 20.

The distance P from the end of the face plate 11 to the end of the face plate 21 (the distance from the top of the truss at the end of the hollow section 10 to the top of the truss at the end of the hollow section 20) is another position. Truss pitch P.

The truss of the hollow profile is composed of face plates 11, 12, 2
When the vertices are on the 1, 22 side, it is an isosceles triangle. However, the trusses at the ends of the hollow members 10, 20 are not isosceles triangles. The angle formed by the rib 13A constituting the truss at the ends of the hollow members 10, 20 with respect to the vertical line is θ1.
The angle formed by the rib 13B constituting the end truss with respect to the vertical line is θ2. θ1 <θ2. Therefore, the rib 13A (23A) is connected in the middle of the face plate 12 (22). A space for inserting the friction stir welding apparatus is formed between the connection between the rib 13A and the face plate 12 and the connection between the rib 23A and the face plate 22.

The ribs 13A and 23A are ribs 13B and 23A.
(Θ1 is small), the rib 13
The plate thickness of A, 23A is larger than the plate thickness of ribs 13B, 23A. The plate thickness of the ribs 13B and 23B is larger than the plate thickness of the other ribs 13. Ribs 13A, 13B, 13 and face plate 11,
Connections with 12, 21, and 22 are arc-shaped. Further, the thickness of the connection portion is determined from the viewpoint of strength.

The ends of the face plates 11 and 21 (ends of the projections 15 and 25) to be joined to the connecting member 30 are on a vertical extension line passing through the vertices of the truss by the ribs 13A and 13B. 1 and 2, the face plates 11, 12, 21, 22, and 35 are horizontal.

A method of manufacturing this structure will be described. The hollow members 10 and 20 are placed on a bed 240 and fixed. The butted portions at the ends of the face plates 12b and 22b are in contact with or close to each other. The projections 16 and 26 of the butted portions of the face plates 12 and 22 are temporarily fixed by arc welding from above. Temporary welding is intermittent.

The upper surface of the bed 240 on which the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 22b are placed is flat. Face plates 12b, 22b
Ribs 12A, 22B and face plate 12
b, near the intersection with 22b, ribs 12B, 12B and face plate 1
The three persons near the intersection with 2 and 22 are beds 240 of the same height.
It is listed in In this state, friction stir welding is performed by moving the rotary tool 250 of the friction stir welding apparatus along the welding line with the rotary tool 250 being inserted from above into the butted portions of the projections 16 and 26. The axis of the rotary tool 250 is in the vertical direction (the direction along the normal line of the joint). However, the rotary tool 250
The axis is inclined in a known manner with respect to the traveling direction. The width of the two convex portions 16 and 26 is detected, and the axis of the rotary tool 250 is positioned at the center.

The rotary tool 250 has a large diameter portion 252 and a small diameter portion 251 at the end thereof. The tip of the small diameter portion 251 is located near the lower surfaces of the face plates 12b and 22b. Large diameter part 2
The lower end of 52 is provided at the tops of the projections 16, 26 and the face plates 12b, 22b.
Of the vehicle (surfaces on the face plates 11 and 21 side). The diameter of the large diameter portion 252 is smaller than the width formed by the two convex portions 16 and 26. The small diameter portion 251 is a screw.

By this friction stir welding, the face plate 12b,
The gap between the butting portions 22b is filled and joined. The outer surface side (outside of the vehicle) of the butted portion is flatly joined. There is no concave portion of the joining line on the outer surface side of the face plates 12b and 22b.

Next, the seat 17 of the face plate 11 and the seat 2 of the face plate 21
The connection member 30 is placed on the connection member 7. The end of the connecting member 30 is the face plate 1
Contacting or close to the ends of 1, 21. Next, the convex portions 35, 35 and the convex portions 15, 25 of the face plates 11, 21 are temporarily fixed by arc welding, respectively. Temporary welding is intermittent.

Next, the rotary tool 250 of the friction stir welding apparatus is used.
Is inserted along the joining line between the connecting member 30 and the face plate 11 from above, and is moved along the joining line to perform friction stir welding. The width of the two convex portions 15 and 35 is detected, and the axis of the rotary tool 250 is positioned at the center. The axis of the rotary tool 250 is vertical. However, the axis is inclined in a known manner with respect to the traveling direction of the rotary tool 250.

For this reason, the axis of the rotary tool 250 is on a vertical line passing through or near the vertex of the truss formed by the two ribs 13A and 23B. For this eccentricity, the rib 13
This is dealt with by increasing the plate thicknesses of A and 13B, the shape of the arc connecting the rib and the face plate, the thickness of the connection portion, and the like.

The tip of the small diameter portion 251 of the rotary tool 250 is inserted deeper than the upper surface of the seat 17. The lower end of the large diameter portion 252 is located between the tops of the protrusions 15 and 35 and the inner surface of the face plates 11 and 31 (the outer surface of the hollow profile 10).
The diameter of the large diameter portion 252 is smaller than the width formed by the two convex portions 15 and 35. The small diameter portion 251 is a screw.

Next, the friction stir welding of the butted portion of the connecting member 30 and the face plate 21 is performed as described above. Face plate 12b, 2
The face plates 11 and 21 and the connection member 30 are joined using the rotary tool 250 used for joining the butting portions of 2b. Therefore, the face plate 11 is joined, and then the face plate 21 is joined. If two rotating tools are used, both ends of the connecting member 30 can be joined at the same time.

According to this, the joining of both sides of the hollow profile can be performed from one side. For this reason, there is no need to invert the structure in which one surface is joined. Therefore, it can be manufactured at low cost and with high precision. Also, face plate 1
The outer surfaces of the joints 2b and 22b can be joined flat. The convex portions 16, 26, 15, 25, and 35 are located inside the structure or on the inside of the vehicle, and are not located at locations where a smooth surface is required (outer surface side, outer side of the vehicle). Further, there is no concave portion formed by cutting with the rotary tool on the outer surface side. For this reason, the cutting of the convex portion can be made unnecessary, and the vehicle body can be manufactured at low cost.

The insertion force at the time of joining the connecting member 30 and the face plate 11 (21) is supported by the two ribs 13A, 13B (23A, 23B) arranged toward the axis of the rotary tool 250. For this reason, the ribs 13A, 13B (2
3A, 23B) can be suppressed. 13A, 13B
(23A, 23B) can be made thinner and lighter. Of course, the bending of the face plates 11, 21, 31 can also be suppressed. Since the beds 240 supporting the ribs 13A, 13B (23A, 23B) are at the same height, the face plates 12, 2
2 can also be prevented.

Considering the case where the structure is used after the joining, substantially all of the structure is constituted by the truss structure. The joint between the hollow members 10 and 20 also has a truss structure. Therefore, the out-of-plane bending rigidity is improved, and the weight can be reduced.

Since the face plates 12b, 22b and the ribs 13A, 23A between the connecting member 30, the ribs 13A, 23A substantially constitute a truss, this portion is not particularly weak. However, the thickness should be considered.

The inclination angle θ1 of the ribs 13A and 23A can be made larger than the inclination angle θ2 of the ribs 13B and 23B. According to this, the width of the connection member 30 becomes large, and it becomes necessary to increase the thickness of the connection member 30, and the weight becomes large. However, it can be used when a large opening is required for insertion of the friction stir welding apparatus.

By making the inclination angles θ1 and θ2 of the rib the same, 2
It can be an equilateral triangle. According to this, the rib 13
A, 13B (23A, 23B) can have the same plate thickness.
Also, the plate thickness of the ribs 13B and 23B could be made smaller than in FIG. However, if the size of the isosceles triangular truss is made the same as the size of the truss at other places, the width of the connecting member 30 becomes large.

However, the two ribs 13A and 13B (23
If the inclination angles θ1 and θ2 of A, 23B) are the inclination angles θ1 of FIG. 1, the truss at the end can be made a small isosceles triangle. The size of the base of the truss at this end is smaller than the size of the base of the truss at other places. According to this,
The distance from the intersection of the rib 13B (23B) and the face plate 12 (22) to the end of the hollow profile 10 (20) can be reduced. Therefore, the width of the connecting member 30 can be made similar to the width of the connecting member 30 in FIG.

The pitch of all the trusses including the connecting member 30 is the same. Except for the end truss, the size of the truss is the same. For this reason, the design of the hollow profile can be standardized. Two ribs 13A, 13B (23A, 23B)
May be located on the outer surface side of the face plates 21 and 31. Abutment surface 15 on the connecting member 30 side from the top of the truss by two ribs 13A, 13B (23A, 23B).
b, 25b may be installed. However, this is rib 13
This is a case where it is appropriate depending on the angle θ of A (23A), the plate thickness, the load, and the like.

The two ribs 13A, 13B (23
A, 23B) may insert the rotary tool 250 at an angle toward the middle of the angle formed by the rotary tool 250. The axis in this case is directed to the top of the truss.

In the above embodiment, the joining of the connecting members 30 is performed by friction stir welding, but may be performed by arc welding. In the case of arc welding, there is no load at the time of joining.
3A, 13B (23A, 23B) could be made thinner. Further, the joining of the connecting members 30 can be performed intermittently. Further, the face plates 12b and 22b may be joined by arc welding. When the face plates 12b and 22b are arc-welded, the welding is performed so that a weld bead is formed on the back surface, so that it is necessary to cut the bead after welding.

In the above embodiment, the face plates 11, 12, 21, 22
Are parallel, but it is possible to cope with a case where one face plate is inclined with respect to the other face plate. Rib 13
A, 13B (23A, 23B) in the thickness, face plate 1
The plate thickness on the sides 1 and 21 is increased on the face plates 12 and 22 side. The reason for increasing the thickness of the face plates 11 and 21 is that the temperature tends to be high during joining.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the normal of the face plate at the joint is inclined. One end of the hollow section 20 is horizontal. The hollow profiles 10, 20 rest on a bed 240. This is likely to occur at the joining line at the end of the side structure 201. In this case, the axis of the rotating body is along the normal of the face plate. This normal passes near the truss vertex. Arrows indicate the position and direction of the rotary tool 250.

FIG. 6 shows a configuration in which the surface of the seat 27 on which the connecting member 30 is placed is formed as an inclined surface 27b. The inclined surface is inclined toward the end of the face plate 22b. The end of the connecting member 30 is also inclined. When the face plates 12b and 22b are joined, the interval between the protrusions 15 and 25 is reduced. Since there is the inclined surface 27b, it is easy to arrange the connecting member 30.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 will be described. Face plate 12
The lengths of b and 22b are short. The thickness of the face plates 12b and 22b is large. After friction stir welding of the face plates 12b and 22b from above,
This face plate is cut in an arc shape from above. This arc is cut so as to be in contact with the ribs 13A and 23A. As a result, a decrease in strength due to stress concentration can be prevented.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 will be described. Hollow profile 10c
Is perpendicular to the face plates 11c and 12c (along the normal to the face plates). Face plate 11c and rib 13
The connection portion with C has a concave portion and a seat 17c as described above.
Reference numeral 17d denotes a protruding piece connected to the seat 17c, on which an end of the connecting member 30 is placed. The butted surface 16bc of this joint is the rib 1
The thickness is within the range of 3C. The butting surface 16bc is along the normal of the face plate. A projection 15 is provided at the end of the face plate 11c.
c. In this method, the insertion force during friction stir welding is reduced by rib 1
Support with 3C. This is done when a truss cannot be provided at the end of the hollow profile.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the language described in each claim or the language described in the section for solving the problem, and is easily replaced by those skilled in the art. It extends to a range.

[0048]

According to the present invention, the truss is joined through the joining material by using the joint near the apex of the truss formed by the two ribs connecting the two face plates, thereby providing a lightweight and highly rigid structure. Is what you can do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a joint according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pair of hollow profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a vehicle body of a railway vehicle.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view after joining the members of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 10c, 20 Hollow profiles 11, 11c, 12, 12c, 12b, 21, 22, 2,
2b Face plate 13, 13A, 13B, 23, 23A, 23B Rib 17 Seat 27 Piece 30 Connecting material 201 Side structure 202 Roof structure 203 Underframe 240 Bed 250 Rotary tool

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) // B23K 103: 10

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A truss-like connection between two face plates by a plurality of ribs, wherein an end of one face plate is located near an apex of the truss at an end of a hollow profile, and the other face plate is provided. Prepare two hollow profiles protruding from the end of the one face plate, and join the protruded face plates from the one face plate side, and then one of the hollow profiles A connecting member is disposed between an end of the one face plate and an end of the one face plate of the other hollow profile, and each end of the connecting material is joined to the one face plate, respectively. A method of manufacturing a structure, comprising: