JP2000290426A - Fractionation of mixture comprising polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride and solvent therefor - Google Patents
Fractionation of mixture comprising polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride and solvent thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000290426A JP2000290426A JP10482999A JP10482999A JP2000290426A JP 2000290426 A JP2000290426 A JP 2000290426A JP 10482999 A JP10482999 A JP 10482999A JP 10482999 A JP10482999 A JP 10482999A JP 2000290426 A JP2000290426 A JP 2000290426A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl chloride
- polyethylene
- solvent
- mixture
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はポリエチレンとポリ
塩化ビニルとを含む混合物、特に両者を含む廃棄物をそ
れぞれの樹脂に分別する方法に関するものである。ま
た、本発明はこの分別処理に用いるポリ塩化ビニルを選
択的に溶解することのできる溶媒に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for separating a mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, particularly a waste containing both, into respective resins. The present invention also relates to a solvent capable of selectively dissolving polyvinyl chloride used in the separation treatment.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ポリエチレン及びポリ塩化ビニルは各種
の用途に広く用いられているが、これらがその本来の用
途を終えたときの処理が、環境汚染などとの関係で重大
な問題となっている。ポリエチレンもポリ塩化ビニルも
単独で回収されるならば再生樹脂として利用が可能であ
るが、両者が混在しているとその再利用は不可能に近
く、焼却や埋立処理せざるを得ないのが現状である。ポ
リエチレンとポリ塩化ビニルとが一緒に大量に廃棄され
ているのは、例えば農業分野においてである。農業分野
ではハウス、トンネル、マルチングなどとしてプラスチ
ックフィルムが大量に使用されているが、その大部分は
ポリエチレン又はポリ塩化ビニルのフィルムである。こ
れらは使用後に焼却処分されることが多いが、ポリ塩化
ビニルは排煙洗浄装置を有し、かつ適切に管理された焼
却炉で焼却しないと、塩化水素やダイオキシンの発生な
どの問題を生ずる。焼却処理に伴う問題を回避する方法
として、プラスチックの混合物を、それぞれのプラスチ
ックに分別して再利用することが検討されている。分別
方法としては、比重差を利用する方法、溶媒への溶解度
の差を利用する方法、赤外線吸収の差を利用する方法な
どが提案されている。しかしながら、いずれの方法も実
用化するには未だ解決すべき多くの問題を抱えている。2. Description of the Related Art Polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are widely used in various applications, but the treatment of these after their intended use has become a serious problem in relation to environmental pollution and the like. . If both polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride can be recovered alone, they can be used as recycled resins, but if both are mixed, it is almost impossible to reuse them, and they must be incinerated or landfilled. It is the current situation. It is in the agricultural sector, for example, that polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are disposed of in large quantities. In the agricultural field, a large amount of plastic films are used for houses, tunnels, mulching, etc., and most of them are polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride films. These are often incinerated after use. However, polyvinyl chloride has problems such as generation of hydrogen chloride and dioxin unless it is provided with a flue gas cleaning device and incinerated in a properly controlled incinerator. As a method of avoiding the problems associated with the incineration treatment, it has been studied to separate a plastic mixture into individual plastics and reuse them. As a separation method, a method using a difference in specific gravity, a method using a difference in solubility in a solvent, a method using a difference in infrared absorption, and the like have been proposed. However, both methods still have many problems to be solved before they can be put to practical use.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述の分別方法のう
ち、溶媒への溶解度差を利用する方法は、適当な溶媒を
見出すことができれば、最も有効な方法となり得ると考
えられる。農業分野の廃棄物であるポリエチレンフィル
ムとポリ塩化ビニルフィルムとの混合物の場合には、溶
媒としては、ポリ塩化ビニルは溶解するがポリエチレン
は溶解しないこと、引火点や毒性などの点で安全性が高
いこと、蒸気圧が低く取扱いが容易であること、更には
溶解したポリ塩化ビニルとの分離が容易であり、かつ反
復使用が可能であることなどの条件を満足するものであ
ることが望ましい。しかしながら、これらの条件を満足
する溶媒は未だ報告されていない。よって本発明はこれ
らの条件を満足する溶媒、及びこの溶媒を用いてポリエ
チレンとポリ塩化ビニルとの混合物をそれぞれの樹脂に
分別する方法を提供しようとするものである。Among the above-mentioned fractionation methods, the method utilizing the difference in solubility in a solvent is considered to be the most effective method if a suitable solvent can be found. In the case of a mixture of polyethylene film and polyvinyl chloride film, which is waste in the agricultural field, the solvent is polyvinyl chloride but not polyethylene, but polyethylene is not soluble, and safety is high in terms of flash point and toxicity. It is desirable to satisfy conditions such as being high, having a low vapor pressure, being easy to handle, and being easily separated from dissolved polyvinyl chloride, and being capable of being repeatedly used. However, a solvent satisfying these conditions has not yet been reported. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solvent which satisfies these conditions, and a method for separating a mixture of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride into respective resins using the solvent.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明において、ポリエ
チレンとポリ塩化ビニルとを含む混合物からポリ塩化ビ
ニルを選択的に溶解するのに用いる溶媒は、窒素原子の
３個の結合手にそれぞれ炭素原子が結合している水溶性
アミド化合物及び水溶性ラクトン化合物よりなる群から
選ばれた化合物を主成分とするものである。また、本発
明に係るポリエチレンとポリ塩化ビニルとを含む混合物
の分別方法は、上記の溶媒でポリエチレンとポリ塩化ビ
ニルとを含む混合物を処理してポリ塩化ビニルを選択的
に溶解させて未溶解のポリエチレンから分離する溶解−
分離工程、及びこの工程で得られたポリ塩化ビニルを溶
解した溶液から溶媒を蒸発させて回収し、ポリ塩化ビニ
ルを蒸発残渣として回収する蒸発−回収工程の各工程か
らなるものである。According to the present invention, a solvent used for selectively dissolving polyvinyl chloride from a mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride has a carbon atom at each of three bonds of a nitrogen atom. The main component is a compound selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble amide compound and a water-soluble lactone compound to which is bonded. Further, the method for separating a mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride according to the present invention comprises treating the mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride with the above-described solvent to selectively dissolve polyvinyl chloride and to dissolve undissolved polyvinyl chloride. Dissolution separated from polyethylene
It comprises a separation step and an evaporation-recovery step in which the solvent is evaporated from the solution obtained by dissolving the polyvinyl chloride obtained in this step, and the polyvinyl chloride is recovered as an evaporation residue.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明でポリ塩化ビニルの溶解に
用いる溶媒は、窒素原子の３個の結合手にそれぞれ炭素
原子が結合している水溶性アミド化合物及び水溶性ラク
トン化合物よりなる群から選ばれた化合物を主成分とす
るものである。水溶性アミド化合物としては、通常は炭
素数３〜６、特に炭素数３〜５で、入手の容易なＮ−メ
チル−２−ピロリドン、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルホルムアミ
ド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジエチルホルムアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチル
アセトアミドなどが用いられる。なかでもＮ−メチル−
２−ピロリドンは、ポリ塩化ビニルに対する溶解力が大
きいので好ましい。また水溶性ラクトン化合物として
は、同じく入手の容易なγ−ブチロラクトンが用いられ
る。これらの化合物は所望ならばいくつかを併用しても
よい。また、これらに他の溶媒、例えばこれらと相溶性
があり、かつポリ塩化ビニルに対して溶解能を有する溶
媒とを併用してもよい。しかしその場合でも、本発明の
効果が十分に奏されるように、溶媒全体に占める上述の
化合物が６０重量％以上、特に８０重量％以上となるよ
うにするのが好ましい。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The solvent used for dissolving polyvinyl chloride in the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble amide compound and a water-soluble lactone compound, each having a carbon atom bonded to three bonds of a nitrogen atom. The main component is a selected compound. As the water-soluble amide compound, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which usually has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 5 carbon atoms, is easily available. , N-dimethylacetamide and the like are used. Among them, N-methyl-
2-Pyrrolidone is preferred because it has a large solubility in polyvinyl chloride. As the water-soluble lactone compound, γ-butyrolactone, which is also easily available, is used. If desired, some of these compounds may be used in combination. Further, these may be used in combination with another solvent, for example, a solvent which is compatible with these and has a solubility in polyvinyl chloride. However, even in such a case, it is preferable that the above-mentioned compound accounts for 60% by weight or more, particularly 80% by weight or more of the entire solvent so that the effects of the present invention are sufficiently exhibited.
【０００６】本発明でポリ塩化ビニルの溶解に用いる上
述の溶媒は、常温でポリ塩化ビニルに対して大きな溶解
力を有しており、かつポリエチレンは溶解しない。従っ
てこの溶媒にポリ塩化ビニルとポリエチレンとを含む混
合物を投入すると、ポリ塩化ビニルは溶解し、ポリエチ
レンは溶媒よりも比重が小さいので、液面上に浮遊す
る。このポリエチレンを濾過その他の適宜の手段で回収
し、付着している溶媒を水洗して除去したものは、再生
ポリエチレンとして種々の用途に供することができる。
また、ポリ塩化ビニルフィルム中には可塑剤などが多量
に含まれているが、可塑剤等は沸点が著しく高いのに対
し、上述の溶媒の沸点はそれほど高くないので、ポリエ
チレンを分離した後のポリ塩化ビニルを溶解している溶
液から溶媒を蒸発させて回収すると、可塑剤等を含む液
状のポリ塩化ビニルが蒸発残渣として得られる。この蒸
発残渣は冷却固化させ、再生ポリ塩化ビニルとして種々
の用途に供することができる。The above-mentioned solvent used for dissolving polyvinyl chloride in the present invention has a large dissolving power for polyvinyl chloride at ordinary temperature, and does not dissolve polyethylene. Therefore, when a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene is added to the solvent, the polyvinyl chloride dissolves and the polyethylene has a lower specific gravity than the solvent, and thus floats on the liquid surface. The polyethylene is recovered by filtration or other appropriate means, and the solvent which has been removed by washing with water can be used as recycled polyethylene for various uses.
In addition, the polyvinyl chloride film contains a large amount of a plasticizer and the like, but the plasticizer has a remarkably high boiling point, whereas the boiling point of the above-mentioned solvent is not so high. When the solvent is evaporated and recovered from the solution in which the polyvinyl chloride is dissolved, liquid polyvinyl chloride containing a plasticizer or the like is obtained as an evaporation residue. This evaporation residue can be cooled and solidified, and can be used as recycled polyvinyl chloride for various uses.
【０００７】本発明方法によりポリエチレンとポリ塩化
ビニルとを含む混合物をそれぞれの樹脂に分別する一態
様を図に基いて説明すると、１は本発明で用いる水溶性
アミド化合物又は水溶性ラクトン化合物が収容されてい
る溶解槽であり、ここにポリエチレンとポリ塩化ビニル
とを投入して、ポリ塩化ビニルを溶解させる。２は溶解
を促進するための撹拌機である。なお、超音波などによ
り撹拌するのも好ましい。投入するポリエチレン及びポ
リ塩化ビニルは、予め水洗して土砂などの付着物を除去
したり、取扱いが容易なように適宜の大きさに裁断して
おくのが好ましい。溶解槽１においてポリエチレンは溶
解せずに液面に浮遊するので、スクレーパーなど適宜の
手段でコンベア３上に取出し、液切りしたのち更に水洗
して再生ポリエチレンとする。液切りで回収された溶媒
は導管４を経て溶解槽１に戻し、溶媒を含む洗浄廃水は
導管５を経て廃水処理装置に送られる。所望ならば、こ
の洗浄廃水から簡単な蒸留により溶媒を回収することが
できる。６は洗浄水の導管である。One embodiment in which a mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride is separated into respective resins according to the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Reference numeral 1 denotes a case where a water-soluble amide compound or a water-soluble lactone compound used in the present invention is contained. This is a dissolving tank in which polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are charged to dissolve polyvinyl chloride. 2 is a stirrer for promoting dissolution. In addition, it is also preferable to stir by ultrasonic waves or the like. The polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride to be charged are preferably washed with water in advance to remove deposits such as earth and sand, and are preferably cut into appropriate sizes so as to be easily handled. Since polyethylene floats on the liquid surface without dissolving in the dissolving tank 1, it is taken out onto the conveyor 3 by an appropriate means such as a scraper, drained, and then further washed with water to make recycled polyethylene. The solvent recovered by draining is returned to the dissolving tank 1 via the conduit 4, and the washing wastewater containing the solvent is sent to the wastewater treatment device via the conduit 5. If desired, the solvent can be recovered from the washing wastewater by simple distillation. Reference numeral 6 denotes a washing water conduit.
【０００８】溶解槽１でポリ塩化ビニルを溶解した溶媒
は蒸発器７に導入され、溶媒は蒸発器の上部からガスと
して留出し、凝縮器８で凝縮させたのち、溶解槽１に戻
される。９は溶媒の貯槽である。蒸発器の底部からはポ
リ塩化ビニルが溶融状態で抜き出され、冷却固化させて
再生ポリ塩化ビニルとする。蒸発器はポリ塩化ビニルが
熱により劣化しないように減圧で操作するのが好まし
い。また、再生ポリ塩化ビニル中の溶媒の残存量を低減
させるため、蒸発器８の底部から取出した溶融ポリ塩化
ビニルを、高い減圧下の第２の蒸発器に流入させるよう
にしてもよい。ポリエチレン及びポリ塩化ビニルの、各
種の溶媒に対する溶解性の１例を示すと、１００×５０
×３０ｍｍの容器に２０℃の溶媒１００ｍｌを入れ、こ
れに５０×４０ｍｍの農業用ポリエチレンフィルム又は
ポリ塩化ビニルフィルムを投入し、静置してその溶解状
況を観察した結果は表−１のとおりであった。[0008] The solvent in which polyvinyl chloride is dissolved in the dissolving tank 1 is introduced into the evaporator 7, the solvent is distilled out as a gas from the upper part of the evaporator, condensed in the condenser 8, and then returned to the dissolving tank 1. 9 is a solvent storage tank. Polyvinyl chloride is withdrawn from the bottom of the evaporator in a molten state, and is cooled and solidified to form recycled polyvinyl chloride. The evaporator is preferably operated at reduced pressure so that the polyvinyl chloride is not degraded by heat. Further, in order to reduce the residual amount of the solvent in the recycled polyvinyl chloride, the molten polyvinyl chloride taken out from the bottom of the evaporator 8 may be caused to flow into the second evaporator under a high pressure. One example of the solubility of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride in various solvents is as follows.
100 ml of a solvent at 20 ° C. was put in a 30 mm container, and a 50 × 40 mm agricultural polyethylene film or a polyvinyl chloride film was put in the container, and the dissolution state was observed by standing. The results are shown in Table 1. there were.
【０００９】[0009]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【図１】本発明方法によりポリエチレンとポリ塩化ビニ
ルとを含む混合物をそれぞれの樹脂に分別するプロセス
の１例である。FIG. 1 is an example of a process for separating a mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride into respective resins by the method of the present invention.
１ 溶解槽 ２ 撹拌機 ３ コンベア ４ 回収溶媒の導管 ５ 洗浄廃水の導管 ６ 洗浄水の導管 ７ 蒸発器 ８ 凝縮器 ９ 溶媒貯槽 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dissolution tank 2 Stirrer 3 Conveyor 4 Recovery solvent conduit 5 Cleaning wastewater conduit 6 Cleaning water conduit 7 Evaporator 8 Condenser 9 Solvent storage tank
Claims (4)
原子が結合している水溶性アミド化合物及び水溶性ラク
トン化合物よりなる群から選ばれた化合物を主成分とす
る、ポリエチレンとポリ塩化ビニルとを含む混合物から
ポリ塩化ビニルを選択的に溶解するための溶媒。1. Polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride containing as a main component a compound selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble amide compound and a water-soluble lactone compound, each of which has a carbon atom bonded to three bonds of a nitrogen atom. A solvent for selectively dissolving polyvinyl chloride from a mixture comprising:
ジメチルホルムアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジエチルホルムアミ
ド、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアセトアミド及びγ−ブチロラク
トンよりなる群から選ばれた化合物を主体とする、請求
項１記載の溶媒。2. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-
2. The solvent according to claim 1, wherein the solvent mainly comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and γ-butyrolactone.
レンとポリ塩化ビニルとを含む混合物を処理してポリ塩
化ビニルを選択的に溶解させて未溶解のポリエチレンか
ら分離する溶解−分離工程、及びこの工程で得られたポ
リ塩化ビニルを溶解した溶液から溶媒を蒸発させて回収
し、ポリ塩化ビニルを蒸発残渣として回収する蒸発−回
収工程の各工程から成ることを特徴とする、ポリエチレ
ンとポリ塩化ビニルとの混合物の分別方法。3. A dissolution-separation step of treating a mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride with the solvent according to claim 1 or 2 to selectively dissolve polyvinyl chloride and separate it from undissolved polyethylene; And evaporating and recovering the solvent from the solution obtained by dissolving the polyvinyl chloride obtained in this step, and recovering the polyvinyl chloride as an evaporation residue. A method for separating a mixture with vinyl chloride.
混合物が、廃農業用ポリエチレンフィルムと廃農業用ポ
リ塩化ビニルフィルムとの混合物であることを特徴とす
る請求項３記載の分別方法。4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the mixture containing polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride is a mixture of a polyethylene film for waste agriculture and a polyvinyl chloride film for waste agriculture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10482999A JP2000290426A (en) | 1999-04-13 | 1999-04-13 | Fractionation of mixture comprising polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride and solvent therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10482999A JP2000290426A (en) | 1999-04-13 | 1999-04-13 | Fractionation of mixture comprising polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride and solvent therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000290426A true JP2000290426A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
Family
ID=14391279
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10482999A Pending JP2000290426A (en) | 1999-04-13 | 1999-04-13 | Fractionation of mixture comprising polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride and solvent therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000290426A (en) |
-
1999
- 1999-04-13 JP JP10482999A patent/JP2000290426A/en active Pending
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