JP2000286497A - Light emitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a light emitting device which utilizes a three-dimensional photonic band gap, able to extremely highly efficiently emit light having a narrow spectral band width, and can be manufactured by using an organic luminescent material. SOLUTION: A light emitting device 1000 has a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and first and second optical members 100 and 200. The first optical member 100 has a two-dimensional periodic refractive index distribution in the X- and Y-directions and can constitute a photonic band gap. The second optical member 200 has a one-dimensional refractive index distribution in the Z-direction and can constitute a photonic band gap. Either one of the first and second diffraction gratings 100 and 200 has a defective section 300. The section 300 is set, so that the energy level caused by a defect exists in a prescribed emission spectrum. The organic light emitting layer 40 can emit light, when the layer 40 is excited with an electric current, and the anode 20 and cathode 30 impress an electric field upon the layer 40. The layer 40 also functions as the defective section 300.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a light emitting device having a three-dimensional photonic band gap structure using an organic light emitting layer capable of emitting light by current excitation or the like.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years,
A semiconductor light emitting device using a photonic crystal has been studied (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-232669). In this type of semiconductor light emitting device, it is expected that a resonator capable of strongly confining light inside the crystal can be formed, and that coherent light can be obtained with extremely high efficiency.

However, in the case of using a semiconductor, since the unit medium layer (one unit of the periodic structure) is crystalline, the interface of the unit medium layer becomes irregular or is affected by impurities. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a uniform periodic structure, and thus it is difficult to obtain a light-emitting element having excellent characteristics as a photonic crystal and having good performance. Further, when a semiconductor is used, there is a limit in selecting a combination of materials having different refractive indexes.

An object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device which utilizes a three-dimensional photonic band gap, can obtain light having a narrow spectrum width with extremely high efficiency, and can be manufactured using an organic light-emitting material. .

[0005]

A light emitting device according to the present invention has an optical member having a three-dimensional periodic refractive index distribution and capable of forming a photonic band gap, and a light emitting device formed on a part of the optical member. And a defect portion set such that an energy level caused by the defect exists in a predetermined emission spectrum, and an organic light emitting layer.

This light emitting device has an organic light emitting layer capable of emitting light by current excitation or light excitation. For example, when using current excitation, electrons and holes are injected into the organic light emitting layer from a pair of electrode layers, that is, a cathode and an anode, and the electrons and holes are recombined in the organic light emitting layer. Light is generated when the molecule returns from the excited state to the ground state. At this time, light in the wavelength band corresponding to the photonic band gap of the optical member cannot propagate in the optical member, and only light in the wavelength band corresponding to the energy level caused by the defect propagates in the optical member. it can. Therefore, by defining the width of the energy level caused by the defect, it is possible to obtain light with a very narrow emission spectrum width, in which spontaneous emission is restricted in three dimensions, with high efficiency.

In the present invention, the optical member has only to have a three-dimensional periodic refractive index distribution and can form a photonic band gap. For example, a diffraction grating structure, a multilayer film structure, a columnar structure, and the like can be used. It can be composed of a structure or a combination of these structures.

The organic light emitting layer and the defective portion of the optical member can take the following modes. (1) The organic light emitting layer is formed at the defective portion and functions as a defect. (2) The organic light emitting layer also functions as a part of the defect portion and as one kind of medium layer of the optical member.

More specifically, the light emitting device according to the present invention comprises:
The following configuration is possible.

(A) The light emitting device has a periodic refractive index distribution in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and can form a two-dimensional photonic band gap. An optical member having a periodic refractive index distribution in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction;
A second optical member capable of forming a two-dimensional photonic band gap; and at least one of the first and second optical members, wherein an energy level due to a defect exists in a predetermined emission spectrum. And an organic light emitting layer.

This light emitting device comprises a first optical member for regulating the propagation of two-dimensional light in a first direction (X direction) and a second direction (Y direction), and a third direction (Z direction). By combining with the second optical member that regulates the propagation of one-dimensional light in (1), light with a very narrow emission spectrum width in which spontaneous emission in three dimensions is restricted can be obtained with high efficiency.

(B) The light emitting device is composed of first
Having a periodic refractive index distribution in the second and third directions,
An optical member capable of forming a three-dimensional photonic band gap, a defect portion formed on the optical member, and an energy level caused by a defect set to exist within a predetermined emission spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. Wherein the optical member has a columnar first layer arranged in a grid pattern, wherein the first layer has a periodic structure formed by at least two kinds of medium layers, and A second layer is formed between the layers.

This light emitting device has a three-dimensional spontaneous emission by an optical member having a columnar first layer arranged in a lattice and a second layer formed between the first layers. Can be obtained with high efficiency with very narrow emission spectrum width.

In this light emitting device, the grating is, for example,
A lattice form such as a square lattice, a triangular lattice, or a honeycomb lattice can be used.

(C) The light emitting device is composed of first
Having a periodic refractive index distribution in the second and third directions,
An optical member capable of forming a three-dimensional photonic band gap, a defect portion formed on the optical member, and an energy level caused by a defect set to exist within a predetermined emission spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. , The optical member in the first, second and third directions, respectively,
A periodic structure is formed by at least two types of medium layers.

In this light emitting device, spontaneous emission in three dimensions is restricted by an optical member having a periodic structure formed by at least two kinds of medium layers in the first, second and third directions. Light with a very narrow emission spectrum width can be obtained with high efficiency.

(D) The light emitting device is composed of first
Having a periodic refractive index distribution in the second and third directions,
An optical member capable of forming a three-dimensional photonic band gap, a defect portion formed on the optical member, and an energy level caused by a defect set to exist within a predetermined emission spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. Wherein the optical member comprises: a first layer in which a first columnar medium layer and a second columnar medium layer are alternately arranged in the first direction; and a second layer in the second direction. A second layer in which pillar-shaped first medium layers and pillar-shaped second medium layers are alternately arranged; and in the first direction,
A third layer in which a columnar first medium layer and a columnar second medium layer are alternately arranged; and a columnar first medium layer and a columnar second medium layer in the second direction. And the fourth is alternately arranged
Are periodically arranged in the third direction, and in the first and third layers, at positions corresponding to the centers of the two first medium layers closest to the first layer, The first of the third layer
And the second and fourth layers are arranged at positions corresponding to the centers of the two closest first medium layers of the second layer. The layers are arranged.

In this light emitting device, the optical member having a diamond structure restricts the propagation of light in a specific direction described later, and converts light having a very narrow emission spectrum width, in which spontaneous emission in three dimensions is restricted, with high efficiency. Can be obtained at

(E) The light emitting device has a first medium layer having a diamond structure, and a second medium layer is arranged between the first medium layers to form a three-dimensional photonic band gap. An optical member, an organic light emitting layer, and a defect portion formed on the optical member and having an energy level due to a defect set within a predetermined emission spectrum.

In this light emitting device, an optical member having a first medium layer arranged in a diamond structure restricts light propagation in a specific direction, which will be described later, and restricts spontaneous emission in three dimensions. Light with a very narrow width can be obtained with high efficiency.

(F) The light-emitting device has an optical member which is concentric and spherical and has a periodic refractive index distribution and which can form a three-dimensional photonic band gap; and an energy member formed on the optical member and caused by defects. A defect portion whose order is set to be within a predetermined emission spectrum, and an organic light emitting layer,
including.

In this light emitting device, the propagation of light in all three-dimensional directions is regulated by an optical member having a concentric spherical periodic refractive index distribution, and light with a very narrow emission spectrum width is obtained with higher efficiency. be able to.

These light emitting devices may include a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light emitting layer, wherein the organic light emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation.

It is desirable that the light emitting device of these embodiments further has at least one of a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer.

According to the present invention, the presence of the organic light emitting layer is more advantageous than the case where a photonic band gap is formed by a semiconductor in the following points. In other words, the light emitting device including the organic light emitting layer does not have the irregular state of the interface of the light emitting layer or the difficulty of being affected by impurities as in the case of using a semiconductor, and has excellent characteristics due to an excellent photonic band gap. Is obtained. Further, when the medium layer is formed of an organic layer, the production is easy, a periodic structure having a good refractive index is easily obtained, and characteristics with a better photonic band gap can be obtained.

Next, some of the materials that can be used for each part of the light emitting device according to the present invention will be described. These materials are only a part of known materials, and it is a matter of course that materials other than those exemplified can be selected.

(Organic Light Emitting Layer) The material of the organic light emitting layer is selected from known compounds in order to obtain light of a predetermined wavelength.

Examples of such an organic compound include, for example,
Aromatic diamine derivatives (TPD), oxydiazole derivatives (PBD), oxydiazole dimers (OXD) disclosed in JP-A-10-153967
-8), distilylylene derivative (DSA), beryllium-benzoquinolinol complex (Bebq), triphenylamine derivative (MTDATA), rubrene, quinacridone, triazole derivative, polyphenylene, polyalkylfluorene, polyalkylthiophene, azomethine zinc complex, Porphyrin zinc complex, benzoxazole zinc complex, phenanthroline europium complex and the like can be used.

More specifically, as the material of the organic light emitting layer, JP-A-63-70257 and JP-A-63-1758.
No. 60, JP-A-2-135361, 2-1.
JP-A-35359, JP-A-3-152184, JP-A-8-248276 and JP-A-10-1539
Known materials such as those described in JP-A-67 can be used. These compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

(Optical Member) As the medium layer of the optical member,
Known inorganic materials and organic materials can be used.

Representative inorganic materials include, for example,
As disclosed in JP-A-5-273427, Ti
O_Two, TiO_Two-SiO_TwoMixture, ZnO, Nb_TwoO_Five, S
i_ThreeN _Four, Ta_TwoO_Five, HfO_TwoOr ZrO_TwoFor example
Can be

As typical organic materials, known resins such as various thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins can be used. These resins are appropriately selected in consideration of a method of forming a layer and the like. For example, by using a resin that can be cured by at least one of heat and light, a general-purpose exposure apparatus, a baking furnace, a hot plate, or the like can be used.

As such a substance, for example, there is an ultraviolet curable resin disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-279439 filed by the present applicant. Acrylic resin is suitable as the UV-curable resin. By using various commercially available resins and photosensitizers, it is possible to obtain an ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin which is excellent in transparency and can be cured by a short-term treatment.

Specific examples of the basic constitution of the ultraviolet curable acrylic resin include a prepolymer, an oligomer and a monomer.

As the prepolymer or oligomer,
For example, acrylates such as epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates, polyester acrylates, polyether acrylates, and spiroacetal acrylates; methacrylates such as epoxy methacrylates, urethane methacrylates, polyester methacrylates, and polyether methacrylates; Is available.

Examples of the monomer include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, carbitol acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, isovol Monofunctional monomers such as nyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, and 1,3-butanediol acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate,
Bifunctional monomers such as neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate,
Polyfunctional monomers such as pentaerythritol triacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate can be used.

As the organic material, besides, a vinyl resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyamide resin, a polyethylene terephthalate resin, an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin,
Examples thereof include polyester resins.

As described above, the inorganic material or the organic material constituting the medium of the optical member has been exemplified. However, when the organic light emitting layer functions as the medium layer, the material constituting this layer can be adopted as the medium layer. .

(Hole transporting layer) As a material of the hole transporting layer provided as necessary, a material used as a hole injecting material of a known photoconductive material or a hole injecting layer of an organic light emitting device can be used. It can be used by selecting from known ones. The material of the hole transport layer has a function of injecting holes or blocking electrons, and may be an organic substance or an inorganic substance. As a specific example, see, for example,
No. 48276 can be exemplified.

(Electron transporting layer) The material of the electron transporting layer provided as necessary may have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the organic light emitting layer, and the material may be a known substance. You can choose from. Specific examples thereof include those disclosed in JP-A-8-248276.

(Electrode Layer) As the cathode provided as necessary, an electron injecting metal having a small work function (for example, 4 eV or less), an alloy electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof can be used. Such electrode materials include:
For example, the one disclosed in JP-A-8-248276 can be used.

As the anode provided as required, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a large work function (for example, 4 eV or more) can be used. When using an optically transparent material for the anode,
A conductive transparent material such as CuI, ITO, SnO ₂ , or ZnO can be used. If transparency is not required, a metal such as gold can be used.

In the present invention, the optical member forms a photonic bandgap, so that the material of the medium layer (such as its refractive index), the shape of the medium layer, the pitch of the lattices and columnar portions, the number of lattices and columnar portions, The aspect ratio and the like of the lattice and the columnar portion are adjusted.

In the present invention, the method for forming the optical member is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Representative examples are shown below.

Lithography Method A positive or negative resist is exposed and developed with ultraviolet rays or X-rays to pattern the resist layer.
Create an optical member. As a patterning technique using a resist such as polymethyl methacrylate or a novolak resin, there are, for example, JP-A-6-224115 and JP-A-7-20637.

A technique for patterning polyimide by photolithography is disclosed in, for example,
181689 and 1-222141. Further, as a technique for forming an optical member of polymethyl methacrylate or titanium oxide on a glass substrate by using laser ablation, there is, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-59743.

Method of Forming Refractive Index Distribution by Light Irradiation Irradiation of light having a wavelength that causes a change in the refractive index to the optical waveguide portion of the optical waveguide to periodically form portions having different refractive indexes in the optical waveguide portion. To form an optical member. As such a method, it is particularly preferable to form an optical member by forming a layer of a polymer or a polymer precursor, partially polymerizing the layer by light irradiation or the like, and periodically forming regions having different refractive indexes. . As this kind of technology, for example, JP-A-9-31238 and JP-A-9-178901,
JP-A-8-15506, JP-A-5-297202,
JP-A-5-32523, JP-A-5-39480, JP-A-9-211728, JP-A-10-26702,
Nos. 10-8300 and 2-51101.

Method by stamping Hot stamping using a thermoplastic resin (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
No. 201907), stamping using an ultraviolet curable resin (Japanese Patent Application No. 10-279439), stamping using an electron beam curable resin (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-235075).
The optical member is formed by stamping as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H11-157, for example.

Etching Method The thin film is selectively removed and patterned by lithography and etching techniques to form an optical member.

The method of forming the optical member has been described above. In short, the optical member only has to have a periodic structure of at least two regions having mutually different refractive indices.
It can be formed by a method of forming two regions with two kinds of materials having different refractive indexes, a method of forming two regions with different refractive indexes by partially modifying one kind of material, or the like.

Each layer of the light emitting device can be formed by a known method. For example, a suitable film forming method is selected for the organic light emitting layer depending on its material, and specific examples thereof include a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, an LB method, and an ink jet method.

[0052]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a perspective view having a cross section schematically showing a light emitting device 1000 according to the present embodiment. The light emitting device 1000 includes the substrate 1
0, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, a first optical member 100, and a diffraction grating-shaped second optical member 200.

The first optical member 100 has a first direction (X direction) based on a combination of its shape (dimension) and medium.
And a periodic refractive index distribution in the second direction (Y direction), and constitutes a two-dimensional photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band. The second optical member 200 has a periodic refractive index distribution in a third direction (Z direction) orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction based on a combination of its shape (dimension) and medium, and has a predetermined refractive index distribution. A one-dimensional photonic band gap is formed for the wavelength band. The first optical member 100 is formed in the middle of the periodic direction of the second optical member 200 (the direction in which different medium layers are periodically repeated), and is formed above and below the first optical member 100, respectively. The second optical member is formed in a continuous state.

In the first optical member 100, first medium layers 110 and second medium layers 120 having different refractive indexes are alternately arranged in the X direction and the Y direction. The second optical member 200 includes a first medium layer 210 having a different refractive index.
And the second medium layer 220 are alternately arranged.

The first medium layer 110 and the second medium layer 12
The first medium layer 210 and the second medium layer 220 may be any substance that can form a photonic band gap by periodic distribution, and the material is not particularly limited. For example, in the first optical member 100, one medium layer may be a gas such as air. As described above, when an optical member having a so-called air gap structure is formed using a gas layer, the difference in the refractive index between the two medium layers constituting the optical member is increased within the range of selection of a general material used for the light emitting device. be able to.

An anode 20 is provided on the lower surface of the first optical member 100.
Is formed, and a cathode 30 is provided on the upper surface of the first optical member 100.
Are formed. These anode 20 and cathode 30
Is optically transparent to the outgoing light. The positions of the cathode 20 and the cathode 30 may be reversed. This is the same in other embodiments.

The first optical member 100 has a defect 300, which is constituted by the organic light emitting layer 40. That is, in the present embodiment, the defective portion 300 of the first optical member 100 also functions as the light emitting layer 40. In the X direction of the first optical member 100, the defect 300 has an energy level caused by the defect,
The organic light emitting layer 40 is formed so as to be present in an emission spectrum by current excitation. On the other hand, the photonic band gaps in the Y direction of the first optical member 100 and the Z direction of the second optical member 200 include at least the wavelength band of the emission spectrum due to current excitation of the organic light emitting layer 40, and The light generated at 40 is set so as not to propagate in the Y direction and the Z direction.

That is, in the Y direction, the organic light emitting layer 40 is configured so as not to function as a defective portion. Further, when viewed in the Z direction, the laminated portion 400 including the first optical member 100, the anode 20, and the cathode 30
At least one pair of gratings of the second optical member 200 is configured so as not to function as a defective portion of the second optical member 200.

In the present embodiment, for example, in the X direction, the optical member 100a on one side of the defect 300 and the optical member 1 on the other side constituting the first optical member 100 are arranged.
By providing a difference between the light confinement state and the light confinement state of 00b,
The direction of the emitted light can be defined. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, when light is desired to be emitted from the left side of the defect portion 300 in the X direction, the light confinement state of one optical member 100a is changed from the light confinement state of the other optical member 100b. You can make it weaker. Further, in the Y direction, light is confined by setting the light confinement state in the Y direction to be stronger than the light confinement state in the X direction. Then, in the Z direction, the upper and lower optical members 200 a and 200
00b confine the light.

The strength of the light confinement of the optical member can be controlled by considering the number of pairs of the optical members, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical member, and the like, preferably by the number of pairs of the optical members. Also, both optical members 1
By making the confinement of the light of 00a and 100b the same, light can be emitted from both sides of the first optical member 100 in the X direction with the same level of intensity.

In the light emitting device 1000 of the present embodiment, light is emitted by the first optical member 100 having a photonic band gap in the X direction and the Y direction and the second optical member 200 having a photonic band gap in the Z direction. Is confined, so that light propagation in three dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions is controlled. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions. In order to suppress the propagation of the light in the leak mode, a clad layer or a dielectric multilayer mirror (not shown) may be provided as needed for the purpose of confining the light. This is the same in other embodiments.

Next, the operation and operation of the light emitting device 1000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons.

In the X direction of the first optical member 100, light having an energy level due to a defect in the defect portion 300 (organic light emitting layer 40) propagates, and the first optical member 100 in the Y direction and the Z direction. In the second optical member 200 having a photonic band gap in the direction, in the Y direction and the Z direction,
There is no light propagation because there is no defect level. That is, light in a wavelength band corresponding to the photonic band gap of the first optical member 100 cannot propagate in the first optical member 100, but excitons generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 have energy caused by defects. The state returns to the ground state at the level, and only light in a wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is generated. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the X direction in which propagation is permitted and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In this embodiment, light emission in the X direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
By forming a defective portion in the light emitting layer 40 in the direction or the Z direction, light can be emitted in the Y direction or the Z direction.

In the present embodiment, the light emitting device 1000 has an organic light emitting layer, and the light emitting device 1000 has an irregular interface at the light emitting layer as in the case of using a semiconductor, or Since there is no difficulty easily affected by impurities, excellent characteristics due to a photonic band gap can be obtained. The same applies to other embodiments described below.

In the case where the medium layer constituting the optical member is formed of an organic layer, it is easy to manufacture, it is easy to obtain a periodic structure having a good refractive index, and more excellent characteristics due to a photonic band gap. Is obtained.

The optical members 100 and 20 of the light emitting device 1000
As for the manufacturing method of No. 0 and the materials constituting each layer, the above-described methods and materials can be appropriately used. Further, a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer can be provided between the organic light emitting layer and the electrode as needed. These manufacturing methods, materials, and configurations are the same in other embodiments described below.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 2000 according to the present embodiment. The light emitting device 2000 has a similar basic structure to the light emitting device 1000 according to the first embodiment, but differs from the light emitting device 1000 in the configuration of the first optical member 100 and the direction of emitted light. The light emitting device 2000 includes a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and a first optical member 1.
00 and a second optical member 200.

The first optical member 100 moves in the first direction (X
Direction) and a second direction (Y direction) having a periodic refractive index distribution to form a two-dimensional photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band. Second optical member 200
Has a periodic refractive index distribution in a third direction (Z direction) orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction, and forms a one-dimensional photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band.
Then, the first optical member 100 is connected to the second optical member 20.
0 is formed in the middle of the periodic direction of the first optical member 100.
The second optical member is formed in a continuous state on the upper side and the lower side, respectively.

In the first optical member 100, a first medium layer 110 and a second medium layer 120 having different refractive indexes are alternately arranged in the X direction and the Y direction. Further, the second medium layer 120 is formed by the organic light emitting layer 40. In the second optical member 200, first medium layers 210 and second medium layers 220 having different refractive indexes are alternately arranged.

The first medium layer 110 and the second medium layer 12
The first medium layer 210 and the second medium layer 220 may be any substance that can form a photonic band gap by periodic distribution, and the material is not particularly limited. For example, in the first optical member 100, the first medium layer 110 may be a gas such as air. As described above, when an optical member having a so-called air gap structure is formed using a gas layer, the difference in the refractive index between the two medium layers constituting the optical member is increased within the range of selection of a general material used for the light emitting device. be able to.

An anode 20 is provided on the lower surface of the first optical member 100.
Is formed, and a cathode 30 is provided on the upper surface of the first optical member 100.
Are formed. These anode 20 and cathode 30
Is optically transparent to the outgoing light. And the first
The optical member 100 of the second embodiment includes the organic light emitting layer 40 (the second medium layer 1).
20) and also functions as a light emitting layer.

The laminated section 400 composed of the first optical member 100, the anode 20, and the cathode 30 functions as a defect of the second optical member 200. Therefore, in the Z direction, the defect portion (laminated portion 400) is set such that the energy level due to the defect exists in the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation. On the other hand, the photonic band gap of the first optical member 100 is set in the X direction and the Y direction such that no defect exists in the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation.

In the present embodiment, the second diffraction grating 200
The direction of the emitted light can be defined by providing a difference between the optical confinement states of the optical member 200a on one side and the optical member 200b on the other side of the defective portion (laminated portion 400). For example, as shown in FIG.
In order to emit light from the lower side of the first optical member 200a,
What is necessary is just to make it weaker than the light confinement state of b. The degree of light confinement of the optical member can be controlled by considering the number of pairs of the optical member, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical member, and the like. Further, if the confinement of the light of the two optical members 200a and 200b is made substantially the same, light can be emitted from both sides of the second optical member 200 with the same intensity.

The light emitting device 2000 of the present embodiment has the first
Since the first optical member 100 having a photonic bandgap in the X and Y directions and the second optical member 200 having a photonic bandgap in the Z direction confine light as in the embodiment of FIG. Light propagation in three dimensions, i.e., direction, Y direction and Z direction, is controlled. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions.

Next, the operation and operation of the light emitting device 2000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons. Then, in the Z direction of the second optical member 200, light having an energy level caused by a defect in the defect portion (laminated portion 400) propagates, and in the X direction and the Y direction of the first optical member 100, the defect level There is no light propagation. That is, although light in a wavelength band corresponding to the photonic band gap of the second optical member 200 cannot propagate through the second optical member 200, the excitation generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 in the defective portion (laminated portion 400). The child returns to the ground state at the energy level due to the defect,
Only light in the wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is generated. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the Z direction in which light propagation is allowed and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In this embodiment, light emission in the Z direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
By forming a defect in the light emitting layer 40 in the direction or the Y direction, light can be emitted in the X direction or the Y direction.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 3000 according to the present embodiment. The light emitting device 3000 has a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and an optical member 500.

The optical member 500 includes a first layer (columnar medium layer) 200 formed of a columnar portion formed in a predetermined arrangement pattern on the substrate 10 and a second layer burying the first layer 200. And a layer 110. First layer 20
0 has a square lattice pattern as shown in the plan view of FIG. The first layer 200 includes a first medium layer 210 and a second medium layer 2 having different refractive indexes from each other.
20. The second layer 110 is composed of a third medium layer. Therefore, this optical member 50
0 has a periodic refractive index distribution in a first direction (X direction), a second direction (Y direction), and a third direction (Z direction), and a predetermined wavelength band in these three directions. Constitutes a photonic band gap.

The first medium layer 220 and the second layer 110 constituting the first layer 200 may be any substance capable of forming a photonic band gap by periodic distribution, and the material is particularly Not limited. Also, the second layer 11
0 may be a gas such as air. As described above, when an optical member having a so-called air gap structure is formed using a gas layer, the difference in the refractive index between the two medium layers constituting the optical member is increased within the range of selection of a general material used for the light emitting device. be able to. Further, one of the medium layer 210 and the medium layer 220 constituting the first layer 200 may be made of the same material as the third medium layer constituting the second layer 110.

The first layer 200 has an organic light emitting layer 40 in a part thereof. The anode 20 is formed on the lower surface of the organic light emitting layer 40, and the cathode 30 is formed on the upper surface of the organic light emitting layer 40. These anode 20 and cathode 30 are
Optically transparent to outgoing light.

Organic light emitting layer 40, anode 20 and cathode 30
Is functioning as a defect for light propagation in the Z direction. And the lamination part 400
Has an organic light emitting layer 40 and also functions as a light emitting layer. The defect portion (laminated portion 400) is formed such that an energy level caused by the defect exists in an emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation.

In the present embodiment, the defective portion (laminated portion 40
0) The part 200a on one side and the part 20 on the other side
By providing a difference between the light confinement state and the light confinement state 0b, the direction of the emitted light can be defined. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when light is desired to be emitted from below the defect portion 400, the light confinement state of one portion 200a may be weaker than the light confinement state of the other portion 200b.

The degree of light confinement of the optical member can be controlled by considering the number of pairs of the optical member, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical member, and the like. Further, if the confinement of the light in both portions 200a and 200b is made approximately the same, light can be emitted from both sides in the Z direction with the same intensity.

Since the light emitting device 3000 of the present embodiment has the first layers (columnar medium layers) 200 arranged in a square lattice, light can be propagated in three dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions. Controlled. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions.

Next, the operation and operation of the light emitting device 3000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons. Then, in the Z direction, light having an energy level caused by a defect in the defective portion (the stacked portion 400) propagates. On the other hand, there is no defect level in the X direction and the Y direction, so that there is no light propagation.

That is, the first layer (columnar medium layer) 200
Although the light in the wavelength band corresponding to the photonic band gap cannot propagate in the first layer 200, the exciton generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 in the defect portion (laminated portion 400) has an energy level caused by the defect. And return to the ground state, and only light in a wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is generated. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the Z direction in which light propagation is allowed and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In the present embodiment, the medium layers 210 and 220 constituting the first layer 200, the organic light emitting layer 40, and the anode 2
0 and the cathode 30 are deposited on the substrate 10 in a predetermined order, and then a groove is formed in the substrate 10 in a vertical direction, and a third medium layer constituting the second layer 110 is embedded in the groove. Or in the case of an air gap, the light emitting device can be formed relatively easily using the groove.

In this embodiment, the example of the square lattice is described as the arrangement of the columnar medium layers. However, the columnar medium layer may be arranged in a triangular lattice, a honeycomb lattice, or the like. it can.

In this embodiment, the light emission in the Z direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
By forming a defect in the light emitting layer 40 in the direction or the Y direction, light can be emitted in the X direction or the Y direction.

Further, in this embodiment, an example in which the columnar medium layer is formed perpendicular to the substrate has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the columnar medium layer may be formed parallel to the substrate. .

(Fourth Embodiment) FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 4000 according to the present embodiment. The light emitting device 4000 has a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and an optical member 500.

The optical member 500 includes a first medium layer 120 and a second medium layer in a first direction (X direction), a second direction (Y direction), and a third direction (Z direction). 130 have a periodic structure arranged alternately. That is, on any surface, the first medium layer 120 and the second medium layer 130 are arranged in a mosaic pattern. Therefore,
The optical member 500 has a periodic refractive index distribution in each of the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, and forms a photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band in these three directions.

Then, a layer 100 including the organic light emitting layer 40 is formed in the X direction and the Y direction. This layer 100
Are the third medium layer 140 composed of the organic light emitting layer 40 and the fourth
The medium layer 110 forms a periodic structure in each of the X direction and the Y direction. The anode 20 is formed on the lower surface of the layer 100 including the organic light emitting layer 40, and the cathode 30 is formed on the upper surface of the layer 100. The anode 20 and the cathode 30 are optically transparent to emitted light.

Layer 100 including Organic Light Emitting Layer 40, Anode 20
The stacked part 400 including the cathode 30 and the cathode 30 functions as a defect for light propagation in the Z direction. That is, in the Z direction, the defect portion (the stacked portion 400) is formed such that the energy level due to the defect exists in the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation. Further, in the X direction and the Y direction,
00 is configured not to function as a defective portion.

In the present embodiment, the defective portion (laminated portion 40
0) The part 200a on one side and the part 20 on the other side
By providing a difference between the light confinement state and the light confinement state 0b, the direction of the emitted light can be defined. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when light is desired to be emitted from below the defect portion 400, the light confinement state of one part 200a may be made weaker than the light confinement state of the other part 200b.

The degree of light confinement of the optical member can be controlled by considering the number of pairs of the optical member, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical member, and the like. Further, if the confinement of the light in both portions 200a and 200b is made approximately the same, light can be emitted from both sides in the Z direction with the same intensity.

The light emitting device 4000 of this embodiment has a periodic refractive index distribution in the X, Y, and Z directions, and controls light propagation in three dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions. Is done. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions.

Next, the operation and operation of the light emitting device 3000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40, respectively. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons. Then, in the Z direction, light having an energy level caused by a defect in the defect portion (stacked portion 400) propagates, and in the X direction and the Y direction, there is no defect level, so that light does not propagate. That is, light in a wavelength band corresponding to a photonic band gap in the Z direction cannot propagate in the Z direction, but excitons generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 in the defect portion (stacked portion 400) have energy levels due to the defect. And return to the ground state, and only light in a wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is generated. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the Z direction in which light propagation is allowed and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In this embodiment, the light emission in the Z direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
By forming a defect in the light emitting layer 40 in the direction or the Y direction, light can be emitted in the X direction or the Y direction.

Further, in the present embodiment, the organic light emitting layer 4
The reference numeral 0 indicates that one of the medium layers is constituted by the layer 100 in the X-Y direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

(Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 5000 according to the present embodiment. The light-emitting device 5000 has a similar basic structure to the light-emitting device 4000 described above, but differs in a laminated structure of a medium layer. The light emitting device 5000 has a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and an optical member 500.

In the optical member 500, a plurality of medium layers having different refractive indexes are arranged in each of the first direction (X direction), the second direction (Y direction), and the third direction (Z direction). Having a periodic structure.

For example, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the optical member 500 includes a first layer 50a and a second layer 50b.
It has a periodic structure alternately arranged in the Z direction. In the first layer 50a, columnar first medium layers 130 and columnar second medium layers 140 are alternately arranged in the X direction. Second
In the layer 50b, column-shaped third medium layers 150 and column-shaped fourth medium layers 160 are alternately arranged in the Y direction.

Therefore, the optical member 500 is moved in the X direction,
It has a periodic refractive index distribution in each of the Y direction and the Z direction, and forms a photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band in these three directions. The first
At least one of the second and third medium layers 130 and 140 and the third and fourth medium layers 150 and 160 may be formed of the same material or may be formed of different materials. .

The periodic structure according to this embodiment has the optical member 5
In each of the portions 200a and 200b at 00, a periodic refractive index distribution is formed in the X direction or the Y direction for each layer constituting the portions.

In the light emitting device 5000, the layer 100 including the organic light emitting layer 40 is formed in the X direction and the Y direction. In the layer 100, a periodic structure is formed in each of the X direction and the Y direction by the fifth medium layer 120 and the sixth medium layer 110 formed of the organic light emitting layer 40. The anode 20 is formed on the lower surface of the layer 100, and the cathode 30 is formed on the upper surface of the layer 100. The anode 20 and the cathode 30 are optically transparent to emitted light.

Layer 100 including Organic Light-Emitting Layer 40, Anode 20
The stacked part 400 including the cathode 30 and the cathode 30 functions as a defect for light propagation in the Z direction. That is, in the Z direction, the defect portion (the stacked portion 400) is formed such that the energy level due to the defect exists in the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation. The stacked section 400 is set so as not to function as a defective section in the X direction and the Y direction.

In this embodiment, the defective portion (laminated portion 40
0) The part 200a on one side and the part 20 on the other side
By providing a difference between the light confinement state and the light confinement state 0b, the direction of the emitted light can be defined. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when light is desired to be emitted from below the defect portion 400, the light confinement state of one part 200a may be made weaker than the light confinement state of the other part 200b.

The degree of light confinement of the optical member can be controlled by considering the number of pairs of the optical member, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical member, and the like. Further, if the confinement of the light in both portions 200a and 200b is made approximately the same, light can be emitted from both sides in the Z direction with the same intensity.

The light emitting device 4000 of this embodiment has a periodic refractive index distribution in the X, Y, and Z directions, and controls light propagation in three dimensions in the X, Y, and Z directions. Is done. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions.

Next, the operation and operation of the light emitting device 5000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied between the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40, respectively. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons. Then, in the Z direction, light having an energy level caused by a defect in the defect portion (stacked portion 400) propagates, and in the X direction and the Y direction, there is no defect level, so that light does not propagate. That is, light in a wavelength band corresponding to a photonic band gap in the Z direction cannot propagate in the Z direction, but excitons generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 in the defect portion (stacked portion 400) have energy levels due to the defect. And return to the ground state, and only light in a wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is generated. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the Z direction in which light propagation is allowed and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In the present embodiment, light emission in the Z direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
By forming a defect in the light emitting layer 40 in the direction or the Y direction, light can be emitted in the X direction or the Y direction.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the organic light emitting layer 4
The reference numeral 0 denotes one medium layer constituted by the layer 100 in the X-Y direction, but is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 1, the medium layer may be partially formed and function as a defect itself.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 7 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 6000 according to the present embodiment. The light-emitting device 6000 has a very similar basic structure to the light-emitting device 5000 described above, but differs in a laminated structure of a medium layer. The light emitting device 6000 has a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and an optical member 500.

In the optical member 500, a plurality of medium layers having different refractive indexes are arranged in a first direction (X direction), a second direction (Y direction), and a third direction (Z direction). Having a periodic structure.

For example, in the example shown in FIG. 7, the optical member 500 has a periodic structure in which a first layer 60a to a fourth layer 60d are arranged in the Z direction. The first layer 60a is
In the X direction, first columnar medium layers 130 and second columnar medium layers 140 are alternately arranged. Second layer 60b
Represents a columnar third medium layer 150 and a columnar fourth medium layer in the Y direction.
And the medium layers 160 are alternately arranged. Third layer 6
In 0c, the columnar first medium layers 130 and the columnar second medium layers 140 are alternately arranged in the X direction. In the fourth layer 60d, columnar third medium layers 150 and columnar fourth medium layers 160 are alternately arranged in the Y direction.

The periodic structure according to the present embodiment has the first layer 6
0a, the two closest second medium layers 140, 14
The second medium layer 140 in the third layer 60c is arranged at a position corresponding to the center of 0. Also, the second layer 6
0b, the two closest fourth medium layers 160, 16
The fourth medium layer 160 in the fourth layer 60d is arranged at a position corresponding to the center of 0. That is, in the layers in which the periodic directions of the medium layers are the same, the positions of the two types of medium layers are shifted for each layer. Note that at least one of the first and second medium layers 130 and 140 and the third and fourth medium layers 150 and 160 may be formed of the same material or different materials. May be.

The optical member 500 has a Brillouin zone of a diamond structure shown in FIG.
X ′ has a periodic refractive index distribution in a plurality of plane directions defined by X ′, and forms a photonic band gap for a predetermined wavelength band in these directions;
Light is confined.

In the light emitting device 6000, the layer 100 including the organic light emitting layer 40 is formed in the XY directions. This layer 100 has a fifth medium layer 120 composed of the organic light emitting layer 40.
And the sixth medium layer 110 form a periodic structure in the Y direction. The anode 20 is formed on the lower surface of the layer 100, and the cathode 30 is formed on the upper surface of the layer 100. The anode 20 and the cathode 30 are optically transparent to emitted light.

Layer 100 including Organic Light Emitting Layer 40, Anode 20
For example, when the Z direction is one direction in the light confinement direction of the light forming the photonic band gap structure, the stacked portion 400 including the cathode 30 functions as a defect for light propagation. are doing. That is, Z
In the direction, the defect portion (laminated portion 400) is formed such that the energy level due to the defect exists in the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation.
In the other light confinement directions, the stacked portion 400 is set so as not to function as a defective portion.

In the present embodiment, the defective portion (laminated portion 40
0) The part 200a on one side and the part 20 on the other side
By providing a difference between the light confinement state and the light confinement state 0b, the direction of the emitted light can be defined. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, when light is desired to be emitted from below the defect portion 400, the light confinement state of one part 200a may be weaker than the light confinement state of the other part 200b.

The degree of light confinement of the optical member can be controlled by considering the number of pairs of the optical member, the difference in the refractive index of the medium layer constituting the optical member, and the like. Further, if the confinement of the light in both portions 200a and 200b is made approximately the same, light can be emitted from both sides in the Z direction with the same intensity.

The light emitting device 6000 of this embodiment has a periodic refractive index distribution in each of the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, and three-dimensional light propagation is controlled in a plurality of directions described above. The propagation of light in the leak mode is allowed in other directions.

Next, the operation and action of the light emitting device 6000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied between the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40, respectively. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons. In the direction of the surface of the diamond structure according to the Brillouin zone, for example, in the Z direction, light having an energy level caused by a defect in the defect portion (laminated portion 400) propagates, and in other directions, light propagates. There is no. That is, light in the wavelength band corresponding to the photonic band gap in the Z direction is
However, excitons generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 in the defect portion (laminated portion 400) return to the ground state at an energy level caused by the defect, and light in a wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is not emitted. Only happens. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the Z direction in which light propagation is allowed and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In this embodiment, light emission in the Z direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. By forming a defective portion in the light emitting layer 40 in another light confinement direction, these light Light can also be emitted in the direction.

Further, in the present embodiment, the organic light emitting layer 4
The reference numeral 0 indicates that the layer 100 constitutes one medium layer. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 1, the medium layer may be partially formed and function as a defect itself.

(Seventh Embodiment) FIG. 8 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 7000 according to the present embodiment. The light emitting device 7000 has a substrate 10, an anode 20, an organic light emitting layer 40, a cathode 30, and an optical member 700.

The optical member 700 has a so-called diamond structure, and has a first medium layer 110 at a portion corresponding to a lattice point of the diamond structure. First medium layer 11
The second medium layer 120 is formed between the zeros.

FIGS. 9 and 10 are a perspective view showing a diamond structure and a plan view showing lattice points. FIG.
10 is a diagram showing a state viewed from the front surface F100 of FIG.
In FIG. 8, reference numerals (see FIG. 10) corresponding to the levels L1 to L5 of each grid point are given. As shown in these figures, the diamond structure has five grid points 1 at the first level (L1) and two grid points 2 at the second level (1/4 pitch) (L2). Third level (2/4 pitch) (L
3), four grid points 3 at a fourth level (3/4 pitch) (L4), and five grid points 4 at a fifth level (4/4).
There are five lattice points 5 at (4 pitches) (L5).

The optical member 700 having the diamond structure
Shows periodic refractive index distributions in a plurality of plane directions defined by Г-KLKX 'and Г-LW'-K' of the Brillouin zone of the diamond structure shown in FIG. In these directions, a photonic band gap is formed with respect to a predetermined wavelength band in these directions, and light is confined.

In the light emitting device 7000, for example, one of the lattice points at the third level (L3) is formed from the organic light emitting layer 40. The organic light emitting layer 40 has a defect 300
Also functions as. An anode 20 is formed on the lower surface of the layer (L3) on which the organic light emitting layer 40 is formed,
The cathode 30 is formed on the upper surface of the layer (L3). The anode 20 and the cathode 30 are optically transparent to emitted light.

In this embodiment, the defect 300 is formed such that the energy level caused by the defect exists in the emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer 40 due to current excitation. Then, by specifying the position, shape, and the like of the defective portion 300, the light emission direction can be defined. In other words, when light is emitted from one direction, the photonic band gap of the optical member 700 is the organic light emitting layer 40 in the specific direction of the Brillouin zone of the diamond structure other than the direction in which light is desired to be emitted.
Is set such that no defect exists in the emission spectrum caused by the current excitation. Further, for example, light can be emitted from a plurality of directions depending on the position and the shape of the defect portion 300 constituting the optical member 700.

In this embodiment, one unit of the diamond structure shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
A plurality can be arranged in the dimension direction.

Next, the operation and operation of the light emitting device 7000 will be described.

When a predetermined voltage is applied to the anode 20 and the cathode 30, electrons are injected from the cathode 30 and holes are injected from the anode 20 into the organic light emitting layer 40. In the organic light emitting layer 40, the electrons and holes are recombined to generate excitons. In the direction of the surface of the diamond structure according to the Brillouin zone, for example, in the Z direction, light having an energy level caused by a defect in the defect portion (laminated portion 400) propagates, and in other directions, light propagates. There is no. That is, light in the wavelength band corresponding to the photonic band gap in the Z direction is
However, excitons generated in the organic light emitting layer 40 in the defect portion (laminated portion 400) return to the ground state at an energy level caused by the defect, and light in a wavelength band corresponding to this energy level is not emitted. Only happens. Therefore, light having a wavelength defined by the energy level caused by the defect is preferentially emitted in the Z direction in which light propagation is allowed and in the direction in which light is less confined. This light has a very narrow emission spectrum width and high efficiency.

In the present embodiment, the light emission in the Z direction has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. By forming the light emitting layer 40 so as to be defective in another light confinement direction, Light can be emitted in these directions.

(Eighth Embodiment) FIG. 11 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device 8000 according to the present embodiment. This light emitting device 8000 has an optical member 800 in which a first medium layer 110 and a second medium layer 120 are alternately and concentrically arranged around an organic light emitting layer 40 constituting a defective portion 300. Having. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 11, and FIG.
14 shows a cross-sectional view along the line DD, and FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view along the line EE in FIG.

In the example shown in FIG. 11, the first medium layer 1 is formed around the defect portion 300 (organic light emitting layer 40).
10, two concentric spheres S100 and S
200 (indicated by dashed lines). For example, the optical member 8
Assuming a case where 00 is composed of nine layers (L1 to L9) in the vertical direction, the first medium layer 11 in each layer L1 to L9 is assumed.
0 is formed to have a pattern as close as possible to the concentric spheres S100 and S200. In consideration of light confinement, the spherical layer formed by the first medium layer 110 is preferably as close to a sphere as possible. Therefore, when the light emitting device 8000 is formed, 10 to 100
It is desirable to form a layer stack.

In addition, according to the refractive index difference between the first medium layer and the second medium layer, the number of the above-mentioned deposited layers is increased in order to more completely confine light as the difference in refractive index is smaller. Is preferred.

In the light emitting device 8000 having this structure, the propagation of light is restricted in all three-dimensional directions, and the light is more confined than in the above-described embodiment. In the case of this example, the organic light emitting layer 40 constituting the defective portion 300 has an elliptical planar shape, but if it functions as a defect, its shape is not specified. Also in the light emitting device 8000 having this structure, light can be emitted from at least one direction by defining the defective portion by the arrangement and shape of the organic light emitting layer and the medium layer.

[0148]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
A high-performance light-emitting device having an organic light-emitting layer and having a characteristic as a three-dimensional photonic band gap and having a very narrow emission spectrum width is provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing the light emitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematically showing a light emitting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a light emitting device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a light emitting device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a perspective view showing a diamond structure of the light emitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a diamond structure of the light emitting device shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a light emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a Brillouin zone having a diamond structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Substrate 20 Anode 30 Cathode 40 Organic light emitting layer 100, 200 Optical member 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 210, 2
Reference Signs List 20 medium layer 300, 400 defect part 500, 700, 800 optical member

Claims (35)

[Claims] An optical member having a three-dimensional periodic refractive index distribution and capable of forming a photonic band gap; and an energy level formed on a part of the optical member and caused by a defect, having a predetermined energy level. A light emitting device, comprising: a defect portion set to exist in an emission spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as the defect. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as one kind of medium layer of the optical member. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation, and includes a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light emitting layer. apparatus. 5. A first optical member having a periodic refractive index distribution in a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and capable of forming a two-dimensional photonic band gap. A second optical member having a periodic refractive index distribution in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction and capable of forming a one-dimensional photonic band gap; A light emitting device, comprising: a defect portion formed on at least one of the second optical member and the energy level caused by the defect in a predetermined emission spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as the defect. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as one kind of medium layer of the optical member. 8. The optical device according to claim 5, wherein the first optical member forms a part of the second optical member, and the defect portion is formed of an organic light emitting layer formed on the first optical member. A light-emitting device that emits light in at least one of the first direction and the second direction of the first optical member; 9. The optical device according to claim 5, wherein the first optical member forms a part of the second optical member, and the first optical member includes one kind of medium layer that forms the optical member. A light emitting device comprising an organic light emitting layer, wherein the defect portion includes the first optical member, and emits light in the third direction of the second optical member. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the organic light emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation, and includes a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light emitting layer. apparatus. 11. A first, second and third orthogonal to each other.
An optical member that has a periodic refractive index distribution in the direction of and can form a three-dimensional photonic band gap; and an energy level formed in the optical member and caused by a defect exists in a predetermined emission spectrum. The optical member has a columnar first layer arranged in a grid pattern, and the first layer has at least two types of media. A light-emitting device in which a periodic structure is formed by layers and a second layer is formed between the first layers. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the defective portion is formed of the organic light emitting layer. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first layer constituting the optical member is formed perpendicular to a substrate. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first layer forming the optical member is formed parallel to a substrate. 15. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the defective portion is formed in the first layer. 16. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first layers of the optical member are arranged in a square lattice. 17. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first layer of the optical member is arranged in a triangular lattice. 18. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first layer of the optical member is arranged in a honeycomb shape. 19. The light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the organic light emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation, and includes a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light emitting layer. apparatus. 20. A first, second and third orthogonal to each other.
An optical member that has a periodic refractive index distribution in the direction of and can form a three-dimensional photonic band gap; and an energy level formed in the optical member and caused by a defect exists in a predetermined emission spectrum. And an organic light emitting layer, wherein the optical member is arranged in the first, second, and third directions,
A light-emitting device in which a periodic structure is formed by at least two types of medium layers. 21. The light emitting device according to claim 20, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as the defect. 22. The light emitting device according to claim 20, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as one kind of medium layer of the optical member. 23. The periodic structure according to claim 20, wherein a first medium layer and a second medium layer are alternately arranged in each of the first, second, and third directions. A light emitting device comprising: 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein a layer including an organic light emitting layer is formed in the first and second directions, and the layer includes a third medium layer including the organic light emitting layer and a fourth medium layer.
A light emitting device, wherein a periodic structure is formed in each of the first and second directions by the medium layer. 25. The first layer according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein: a first layer in which a first columnar medium layer and a second columnar medium layer are alternately arranged in the first direction; A second layer in which a columnar first medium layer and a columnar second medium layer are alternately arranged in the second direction; light emission in which the second layer is periodically arranged in the third direction; apparatus. 26. A first, second and third orthogonal to each other.
An optical member that has a periodic refractive index distribution in the direction of and can form a three-dimensional photonic band gap; and an energy level formed in the optical member and caused by a defect exists in a predetermined emission spectrum. The optical member includes a columnar first medium layer and a columnar second medium layer alternately arranged in the first direction. A first layer, a second layer in which a columnar first medium layer and a columnar second medium layer are alternately arranged in the second direction, and in the first direction, A third layer in which columnar first medium layers and columnar second medium layers are alternately arranged; and a columnar first medium layer and a columnar second medium layer in the second direction. And a fourth layer alternately arranged are periodically arranged in the third direction. In the first and third layers, 2 closest to the first layer
The first medium layer of the third layer is disposed at a position corresponding to the center of the first medium layers. In the second and fourth layers, the first and second layers closest to the second layer
A light-emitting device, wherein the first medium layer of the fourth layer is arranged at a position corresponding to the center of one first medium layer. 27. The light-emitting device according to claim 20, wherein the organic light-emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation, and includes a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light-emitting layer. apparatus. 28. A semiconductor device having a first medium layer having a diamond structure, wherein a second medium layer is disposed between the first medium layers,
An optical member capable of forming a three-dimensional photonic band gap; a defect portion formed in the optical member and set such that an energy level due to a defect exists in a predetermined emission spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. And a light emitting device. 29. The light emitting device according to claim 28, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as the defect. 30. The light emitting device according to claim 28, wherein the organic light emitting layer also functions as one kind of medium layer of the optical member. 31. The light-emitting device according to claim 28, wherein the organic light-emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation, and includes a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light-emitting layer. apparatus. 32. An optical member having a concentric spherical periodic refractive index distribution and capable of forming a three-dimensional photonic band gap, and a light emission formed on the optical member and having a predetermined energy order due to a defect. A light emitting device comprising: a defect set to exist in a spectrum; and an organic light emitting layer. 33. The light emitting device according to claim 32, wherein the defect portion is provided at a center of the concentric spherical structure of the refractive index distribution, and the defect portion is made of an organic light emitting layer. 34. The optical member according to claim 32, wherein the optical member includes a first medium layer and a second medium layer having different refractive indices, and the first and second medium layers are formed of the organic light emitting layer. The light emitting devices are arranged concentrically and alternately around the center. 35. The light emitting device according to claim 32, wherein the organic light emitting layer is made of a material capable of emitting light by current excitation, and includes a pair of electrode layers for applying an electric field to the organic light emitting layer. apparatus.