JP2000244947A - Device for measuring dynamic picture transmission efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a device that easily and quantitatively measures and evaluates number of transmission video frames that change depending on compression so as to recognize the transmission efficiency of an equipment and its system. SOLUTION: This device utilizes principles that number of transmission frames of a moving picture in an image transmission system attended with image compression changes in relation to a motion of a picture. A marker multiplexer section 1 adds a marker whose multiplexed position differs from each frame of a video going to be transmitted into a video signal, a transmitter side transmission unit 2 compresses the video image, and the compressed image is transmitted through a line 3. A marker counter section 5 extracts this marker from the video signal data that are expanded by a receiver side transmission unit 4, displays and counts the marker. This device can easily be connected to a conventional image transmission unit provided with video signal input/ output terminals and measure the transmission efficiency because the processing required for the measurement is executed only in the video signal.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an image transmission system with image compression, and more particularly to an apparatus for quantitatively and easily comparing and measuring the transmission efficiency of a moving image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When evaluating the transmission efficiency of a moving image in an image transmission system for transmitting an image-compressed video signal, an image of a rotating plate is taken by a television camera, and a metronome, a movement of a pendulum and the like are used as an evaluation signal source. It was common to perform a relatively subjective evaluation of the dynamic characteristics visually. However, experiments for performing these evaluations did not always have stable reproducibility. For this reason, in the evaluation of transmitting a moving image video for a short time evaluation for evaluating an image codec for a TV conference or the like using a relatively stable digital VCR or laser disk as a signal source, the angle of view and the state of motion are evaluated. It could not be changed as appropriate and the degree of freedom was low, making it difficult to use.

[0003] To summarize the principle behind such an evaluation method, a transmitted and output moving image video signal is obtained by compressing frames at any time according to the motion of the image before transmission. Becomes That is, when the image motion is small, a large number of frames are obtained as the transmission output video, and when the image motion is large, a small number of frames are the transmission output video. This is a system with a limited transmission speed, such as ISDN (Integrated Service Digital).
Network) is a trade-off between the increase in the amount of data transmitted and the number of frames transmitted due to the compression required to transmit enormous amounts of video information over public lines. Therefore, the time required for the compression processing and the speed of the transmission system are closely related to the number of transmission frames.

As is well known, the number of transmission frames is a major factor in determining the smoothness of motion of a moving image reproduced on the receiving side, so that the continuity of frames and the number of frames per unit time are determined. Knowing the number quantitatively is considered to be an effective evaluation index for improving the ambiguity of the subjective evaluation.

[0005]

Here, when considering the number of frames transmitted per unit time, conventionally,
As a means of quantitatively measuring and comparing this as the transmission efficiency of an image transmission device, etc., it is conceivable to evaluate it by obtaining information on the internal circuit for performance evaluation at the development stage of the device. Was done. However, with this method, it has been very difficult to relatively evaluate the performance of image transmission equipment having different systems and circuit structures from various manufacturers.

Further, as a method according to this, a method of multiplexing and transmitting frame information on a screen to be transmitted and recording / reproducing an image on the receiver side with a VTR or the like to grasp the transmission state is also considered. However, there was a drawback that it took time and effort to grasp the data.

[0007] From these facts, there are many cases in the market where the numerical index indicating the image transmission capability of the image transmission apparatus is expressed as the maximum possible transmission number. However, since this indicates the ability as a still image, not the ability as a moving image state, how many moving images can be displayed when operated in an actual TV conference system or the like. It was difficult to grasp the points quantitatively.

As one of the means for quantitatively measuring and comparing the compression efficiency of an image transmission apparatus or the like, an index for evaluating the transmission state is used to establish how many frames are being transmitted per second. If the measurement is performed on the basis of the determined method and the determined moving image, it is considered that this will be an element that will provide an efficient decision for the examination of various coefficients when used for development, the comparison with the image transmission apparatus of another company, and the like. Furthermore, by using this measurement method, it is also possible to easily measure and leave numerical data, and by using multiple measuring instruments at the same time, it is possible to make relative comparison between transmission devices even for sources with poor reproducibility. Become.

An object of the present invention is to provide a moving picture transmission efficiency measuring apparatus which can solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0010]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a moving picture transmission efficiency measuring apparatus, wherein a marker for multiplexing a marker at a different position corresponding to a frame number with respect to an input video signal is provided. A configuration is provided in which a multiplexing section and a marker counter section for separating the marker from the transmitted video signal and measuring the number of frames transmitted within a predetermined time are provided. With this configuration, it is possible to grasp the overall transmission efficiency including all elements such as image compression and transmission system speed, and to process these data on the input side and the output side of the video signal. Since the number of transmissions per second can be measured simply by connecting the equipment, the transmission efficiency of the image transmission equipment can be easily measured without modifying the inside of the transmission equipment to be measured, and the coefficient of compression processing can be examined and the comparison between the equipment can be studied. It is possible to provide a moving image transmission efficiency measuring device that can be easily handled.

As an applied application, the present invention can be used to determine the required line capacity for the movement of a subject to be used in a field, or to determine the setting of a device by a user.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention provides a marker multiplexing unit for multiplexing a marker at a different position with respect to an input video signal in accordance with a frame number thereof,
A marker counter unit that separates the marker from the transmitted video signal and measures the number of frames transmitted within a predetermined time. Frame number (1-30 for NTSC system, 1-2 for PAL system)
Markers are multiplexed and transmitted at different positions corresponding to 5), and the markers are extracted from the transmitted video signal, whereby the number of transmissions per unit time is measured in real time.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the positions of the markers to be multiplexed on the input video signal are arranged on four sides around the screen, and the markers corresponding to the respective frame numbers are provided. Is a moving image transmission efficiency measurement device that circulates the insertion position at a predetermined cycle, secures the display range of the normal subject at the center of the screen, minimizes the effect on the transmission efficiency due to the movement of the marker, and furthermore, Evaluation of not only the number of transmissions per time, but also the transmission state such as the discrete state of the transmission frame with respect to the dynamic image change and the display of the same frame, for example, which frames out of the maximum 30 frames to be transmitted can be transmitted Has the effect of notifying the user.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the marker multiplexing unit multiplexes a marker synchronized with a video frame signal extracted from an input video signal into a video signal, and The marker counter unit is a moving image transmission efficiency measuring device that separates the marker at a timing synchronized with a frame signal of the transmitted video signal in the marker counter unit. When the number of transmitted frames is displayed by counting the markers extracted from the received video signal while matching the unit, it has an effect of improving the measurement accuracy by synchronizing the minimum unit of the display frame with the integration time.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the marker multiplexing section removes a video signal at a position to be multiplexed beforehand and adds the marker to the moving image transmission efficiency. Which has an effect of preventing a change in an image from being detected as a marker.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the marker counter section includes a means for digitally displaying the measured number of transmitted sheets, and a D / A A moving image transmission efficiency measuring device having means for converting and outputting the image to an image display device, realizing a function of visually displaying a real-time comparison / recording of the number of transmitted images over time corresponding to an image change. It has the action of:

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for measuring moving image transmission efficiency, wherein the marker multiplexing section has a function of starting multiplexing of markers at an arbitrary timing, The transmission delay can be measured by measuring the time from when the marker is started to be multiplexed to when the marker is transmitted and the marker is detected on the receiving side.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

(First Embodiment) In a first embodiment of the present invention, an output of a marker multiplexing section having a function of multiplexing a marker at a different position corresponding to a frame number with respect to an input video signal is provided. Is connected to the transmission-side transmission unit having a general-purpose video input terminal, to the general-purpose video output terminal of the reception-side transmission unit connected to the transmission-side transmission unit via a line, separating the marker from the received video signal, A marker counter for measuring the number of frames transmitted within a predetermined time is connected.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a system for measuring moving image transmission efficiency using the moving image transmission efficiency measuring device according to the present invention. In this system, the moving image transmission efficiency measuring device includes a marker multiplexing unit 1 provided on the transmitting side.
And a marker counter section 5 provided on the receiving side.

The marker multiplexing section 1 has a function of multiplexing a marker at a different position for each frame with respect to an arbitrary video signal input from a signal source. The transmission-side transmission unit 2 performs a predetermined image compression process on the video signal on which the marker is multiplexed, and sends out the signal to the line 3. The receiving-side transmission unit 4 receives the video signal transmitted to the line 3, performs image decompression processing, and outputs the image signal to the marker counter unit 5. The marker counter unit 5 has a function of extracting a marker multiplexed on the video signal input from the receiving-side transmission unit, counting how many frames have been transmitted per unit time, and displaying the counted number. The output video signal of the marker counter unit 5 is supplied to a monitor (not shown).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an image of a marker multiplexed in the marker multiplexing section 1 of FIG. In this figure, a rectangular frame indicates a screen, and hatching existing around the screen indicates a position where markers are multiplexed. The number assigned to the position where the marker is multiplexed indicates the frame number of the video signal. That is, the marker is displayed at the periphery of the screen. Then, the display position rotates clockwise from the upper left end of the screen for each frame, and rotates once per second. The video signal at the position where the marker is multiplexed is fixed at the black level. Therefore, all 30 points on the screen where markers are to be multiplexed are always displayed at the black level. However,
The level where the marker is multiplexed corresponding to the frame number is set so that the video signal level becomes higher. FIG. 2 shows a state in which markers are multiplexed in frame No. 3. This figure shows the case where the video signal is in the NTSC system. For example, in the case of the PAL system, 25 markers are displayed per second.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the marker multiplexing unit 1. In the marker multiplexing section 1, the synchronization signal generating section 8
Separates the horizontal synchronization signal and the vertical synchronization signal in the video signal input from the signal source. Then, based on the horizontal synchronization signal, a built-in PLL synchronization control is performed to generate a clock pulse. Further, by counting the clock pulses, a clamp pulse a for pedestal clamping the video signal is generated and supplied to the video erasing unit 6. Further, the clock pulse, the horizontal synchronizing signal, and the vertical synchronizing signal are output to the marker generation unit 9.

The marker generation unit 9 counts the input timing signal b by a built-in counter to generate a blank signal d, and supplies the blank signal d to the video erasure unit 6. At this time, the blank signal in the horizontal direction of the screen is generated by counting clock pulses, and the blank signal in the vertical direction is generated by counting the horizontal synchronization signal. Also, the input timing signal b is counted by another built-in counter, and the marker multiplex position (30 places) is different for each frame.
Is generated and supplied to the marker synthesizing unit 7.

The video erasing section 6 fixes the pedestal of the video signal input from the signal source to a black level by the clamp pulse a supplied from the synchronization signal generating section 8,
The video signal at the position where the marker is to be multiplexed is fixed at the black level by the blank signal d supplied from the marker generation unit 9. As a result, all the 30 points in the screen to be multiplexed with the markers shown in FIG. 2 are always fixed at the black level.

The marker synthesizing unit 7 synthesizes a marker at a different marker multiplex position for each frame with respect to the video signal preprocessed by the video erasing unit 6 and outputs the synthesized signal to the transmission side transmission unit 2 in FIG. At this time, the level is set so that the video signal level becomes higher at the position where the marker is to be multiplexed. Therefore, one of the portions displayed at the 30 black levels described above is displayed brightly. And
The bright position is updated and moved every frame, and makes one rotation around the screen in one second.

FIGS. 4 (1) to 4 (3) show examples of the phase and level relationship between the video signal after marker multiplexing, the blank signal, and the marker signal. The width of the marker to be multiplexed is C
IF (Commom Intermediate Format) and QCIF (Quar
Set the size so that information is not lost due to compression such as ter Commom Intermediate Format (conversion) and the visibility can be ensured when transmitted and displayed. Then, the video signal is deleted by a blank signal d of a slightly wider size than this. Here, FIG. 4 is an image in the horizontal direction of the screen, but the same applies to the vertical direction in line units.

The marker multiplexed phase control signal c supplied from the synchronization signal generator 8 to the marker generator 9 is
When the phase of the synchronization signal (horizontal and vertical) between the transmission side transmission unit 2 and the reception side transmission unit 4 varies from device to device, or when the phase of the synchronization signal of the measuring device itself varies, it is used to absorb the phase difference. It is. That is, the input video signal is configured so that the phase of each separation synchronization signal can be finely adjusted in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and output.
It is used for the display multiplexing unit 11 of the marker counter unit 5 described later so that it is possible to confirm on the monitor that the positions of the markers on the transmitting side and the receiving side match.

The marker multiplex start control signal e input to the marker generation section 9 is a signal for turning on / off the marker. That is, when this signal is off, the marker is not multiplexed with the video signal, and when activated, the marker is multiplexed at the position of No. 1 in FIG. 2 in the next field.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the configuration of the marker counter unit 5. In the marker counter section 5, the synchronizing signal generating section 13 has the same configuration as the synchronizing signal generating section 8 in FIG. 3, generates the respective timing signals by the same operation, and sends the clamp pulse h to the marker separating section 10. Supply.
The generated timing signal i and marker extraction phase control signal j are supplied to the counter unit 14. Here, the phase of the synchronization signal (horizontal and vertical) of the transmission side transmission unit 2 and the reception side transmission unit 4 of the marker extraction phase control signal j varies from device to device, similarly to the marker multiplexing phase control signal c in the marker multiplexing unit 1. If the phase of the synchronizing signal of the measuring device itself varies, this is to absorb those.

The counter section 14 counts these input timing signals i by a built-in counter and counts them as shown in FIG.
As shown in (4), a marker extraction gate signal k having a width slightly wider than that of the marker multiplexed by the marker multiplexing unit 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions is generated and supplied to the marker separating unit 10.

In the marker separation section 10, the synchronization signal generation section 1
The pedestal of the video signal is fixed to the black level using the clamp pulse h input from the receiver 3, and the video signal input from the receiving-side transmission unit 4 is further used using the marker extraction gate signal k input from the counter 14. A luminance signal having a certain level or higher in the signal is extracted as a marker m and output to the counter unit 14. Further, the marker separating section 10 outputs the input video signal to the reception area display multiplexing section 11.

The counter section 14 counts the extracted marker m within a time of 30 fields synchronized with the video signal by a built-in counter, and supplies the count value p to the display section 12 and the D / A output section 15. I do. The display unit 12 is composed of, for example, a 7-segment LED, and displays the count value p. The D / A output unit 15 D / A converts the count value and changes the count value to a voltage level to be input to an oscilloscope (not shown).

Further, the counter section 14 has a masking pulse n having the same timing as the marker extraction gate signal k.
Is supplied to the reception area display multiplexing unit 11. The reception area display multiplexing unit 11 multiplexes the masking pulse n on the video signal output from the marker separation unit 10. Masking pulse n
Are output to a monitor.

The counter section 14 can output a marker timing signal q indicating the timing of the marker m extracted by the marker separating section 10.

Next, the marker multiplexing unit 1 shown in FIG.
The operation of the marker counter unit 5 will be described. In FIG. 3, when the marker multiplexing start control signal e input to the marker generating unit 9 changes from off to on, markers are multiplexed at the position of No. 1 shown in FIG. The position moves clockwise to No.2, No.3,... No.30, and returns to No.1 position again after one second.
Thereafter, the same operation is repeated. The video signal on which the marker is multiplexed by the marker multiplexing unit 1 is subjected to data compression processing by the transmission-side transmission unit 2, and is input to the reception-side transmission unit 4 through the line 3. Then, after undergoing data decompression processing, the data is input to the marker counter unit 5. The marker counter section 5 separates a marker in the video signal that has undergone the data expansion processing. Then, the separated marker m is counted by the counter unit 14, and the count value p is displayed on the display unit 12. Thus, the number of transmission frames per unit time can be quantitatively measured.

As described above, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the marker is displayed at the periphery of the screen, so that the display range of the normal subject is secured at the center of the screen and the transmission efficiency due to the movement of the marker is reduced. The impact can be minimized. Also, not only the number of transmissions per unit time, but also the evaluation of the transmission state such as the discrete state of the transmission frame with respect to the dynamic image change or the display of the same frame, for example, which frame can be transmitted out of a maximum of 30 frames to be transmitted By knowing whether or not the input image is moving, the relationship between the way of movement of the input image and the compression state can be understood.

Further, image change data (image frame)
Is the same as the marker movement. Similarly, when counting the markers extracted from the received video and displaying the number of transmissions, counting the 60 fields of the vertical synchronization signal on the receiving side for 1 second By obtaining a gate pulse for integrating the number of transmitted frames, the measurement accuracy is improved by synchronizing with the minimum unit of the display frame and the integration time.

Further, since a video signal at a position where a marker is to be multiplexed is deleted in advance and then a marker is added, a change in video is not detected as a marker.

This moving image transmission efficiency measuring apparatus can be realized in a small and light-weight scale that can be put on a palm.

(Second Embodiment) In a second embodiment of the present invention, the moving picture transmission efficiencies of two systems of picture transmission equipment can be compared and compared.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the entire system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG.
That is, the marker multiplexing unit 1 in this figure has the same configuration as the marker multiplexing unit 1 in FIG. Each of the marker counter units 5A and 5B has the same configuration as the marker counter unit 5 in FIG. In addition, the transmission side transmission unit 2
A, 2B, lines 3A, 3B, and reception-side transmission units 4A, 4B have the same configuration as the transmission-side transmission unit 2, line 3, and reception-side transmission unit 4 in FIG. 1, respectively. However, the system denoted by reference A and the system denoted by reference B are not the same, and the difference between the transmission-side transmission units 2A and 2B is, for example, the difference between the coefficients of the noise filter in the preprocessing circuit and the H.261 encoding parameter. There are differences in setting factors, etc., differences between lines 3A and 3B are, for example, differences due to the rate of telephone lines and leased lines, and differences between transmission units 4A, 4B are, for example, differences between manufacturers. It is possible to do.

In this system, the storage oscilloscope 16 simultaneously displays the D / A output of each of the marker counters 5A and 5B for two phenomena, converts it into a video signal, and outputs it to the four-screen display device 17. I do.
The four-screen display device 17 inputs and displays the video signal output by the storage oscilloscope 16, the video signals output from the marker counters 5A and 5B, and the video signal of the signal source, and outputs them to the VTR 18. I do. The VTR 18 records / reproduces the video signal output from the four-screen display device 17 and outputs it to the monitor 19. The monitor 19 uses the video signal output from the VTR 18 to display the signal source video, the simultaneous display video of the number of transmission frames of the system A and the system B, the transmission output video of the system A, and the transmission output of the system B as shown in FIG. The image and the screen are divided and displayed simultaneously on one monitor.

As described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to make real-time comparison of moving image transmission efficiency when there is a difference between image transmission devices or lines under the same input signal conditions. Becomes In addition, it is also possible to configure so as to compare and examine the difference between the input video signals based on, for example, the type of TV camera, the presence or absence of flicker correction, and the difference in S / N. Naturally, it is also possible to measure the maximum transmission capacity of a general image transmission device in a still image input state, but usually, the transmission and reception of an image transmission unit for transmitting and receiving images between remote locations is practical. Cannot perform the synchronous operation of the image frames and the periods of the vertical synchronization do not match, so that an error of one frame may occur in the display.

(Third Embodiment) In a third embodiment of the present invention, the delay time of image transmission is measured by measuring the time difference between the marker multiplex start control signal e and the marker detection timing output q. .

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the entire system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in FIG.
In the present embodiment, the marker multiplexing start control signal e is transmitted from the marker multiplexing unit 1 on the transmitting side to the oscilloscope 20 on the receiving side.
Enter both. Further, the marker detection timing output q output from the marker counter unit 5 on the receiving side is input to the oscilloscope 20. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG.

In the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, when the marker multiplexing start control signal e is turned on, the marker multiplexing unit 1 sets the position of No. 1 in FIG. Multiplex the marker to The marker multiplex start control signal e is input to the oscilloscope 20 on the receiving side. The video signal with the multiplexed marker is data-compressed by the transmission unit 2 and sent to the reception unit 4 through the line 3. Then, the data is decompressed here and input to the marker counter unit 5. The marker counter unit 5 detects a marker in the video signal,
The marker detection timing output signal q is output to the oscilloscope 20.
Supply to The oscilloscope 20 measures the delay time of image transmission by calculating the time difference between the time when the marker multiplex start control signal e is input and the time when the marker detection timing output signal q is input. As described above, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the number of transmission frames of a moving image can be measured, and the delay time of image transmission can be measured.

[0048]

As described above, according to the present invention, a marker multiplexing section for multiplexing a marker at a different position corresponding to a frame number of an input video signal, and separating the marker from the transmitted video signal. And a marker counter that measures the number of frames transmitted within a predetermined time, so that it is possible to grasp the overall transmission efficiency including all elements such as image compression and the speed of the transmission system. Moreover, since the number of transmissions per second can be measured only by connecting a device for processing these data to the input side and the output side of the video signal, without changing the inside of the transmission device to be measured,
The effect is obtained that it is possible to provide an easy-to-handle moving image transmission efficiency measuring device that can easily measure the transmission efficiency of the image transmission device and easily examine the coefficient of the compression processing and compare and examine the devices.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an entire system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an image of a marker multiplexed in a marker multiplexing unit in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a configuration example of a marker multiplexing unit in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an image diagram showing a relationship between a marker and a phase and a level of a video signal waveform;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a configuration example of a marker counter unit in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an entire system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an entire system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Marker multiplexing part 2 Transmission side transmission unit 3 Line 4 Receiving side transmission unit 5 Marker counter part 6 Video erasing part 7 Marker synthesizing part 8, 13 Synchronous signal generating part 9 Marker generating part 10 Marker separating part 11 Receiving area display multiplexing part 12 Display unit 14 Counter unit 15 D / A output unit 16 Storage type oscilloscope 17 Quad screen display device 18 VTR 19 Monitor 20 Oscilloscope

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A marker multiplexing unit for multiplexing a marker at a different position corresponding to a frame number with respect to an input video signal, and separating the marker from a transmitted video signal and transmitting a frame transmitted within a predetermined time. A moving image transmission efficiency measuring device, comprising: a marker counter unit for measuring the number. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the markers to be multiplexed on the input video signal are arranged on four sides around the screen, and the insertion positions of the markers corresponding to the respective frame numbers are circulated at a predetermined cycle. The moving picture transmission efficiency measuring device described in the above. 3. The marker multiplexing section multiplexes a marker synchronized with a video frame signal extracted from an input video signal to a video signal to give a frame number, and the marker counter section transmits a frame signal of the transmitted video signal. The moving image transmission efficiency measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the marker is separated at a timing synchronized with the moving image transmission efficiency. 4. The moving image transmission efficiency measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the marker multiplexing unit deletes a video signal at a position where the marker is to be multiplexed before adding the marker. 5. The marker counter section has means for digitally displaying the measured number of transmitted sheets, and means for D / A converting the transmitted number of sheets and outputting the converted value to an image display device. The moving image transmission efficiency measuring device according to claim 1. 6. The moving image transmission efficiency measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the marker multiplexing unit has a function of starting multiplexing of markers at an arbitrary timing.