JP2000239115A - Method for controlling boring insect and prevention of spread of pine withering - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily and surely control a boring insect without applying adverse effect on man and animals by placing a cultured product of a counter-pest mold on a tree living a boring insect transmitting pine wood nematode. SOLUTION: A tree living a boring insect (e.g. Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus) transmitting pine wood nematode is wholly or partly covered with a sheet and a cultured product of a counter-pest mold (preferably Beauveria brongniartii, or the like) is placed in the space covered with the sheet to effect the control of the boring insect. The cultured product of the counter-pest mold is preferably a cultivation carrier band or sheet containing the counter-pest mold and a culture medium component. The sheet for covering the tree is preferably a light-shielding sheet. A newly emerged imago of the boring insect can be exterminated, the contacting probability of the mold is high and the female imago before oviposition can be killed to enable the control of the insect and prevention of the spreading of the withering of pine trees.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for controlling perforating pests and a method for preventing the spread of pine wilt. More particularly, the present invention relates to a simple and effective method for controlling perforating pests that does not harm other living things such as humans and livestock, and a method for preventing the spread of pine wilt.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It has been speculated that pine wilt is caused by pine wood nematodes, which are mediated by perforating pests such as pine sawyer. For example, in the case of the pine wood beetle, from mid-May to the end of July, it escapes from the damaged tree of the pine wilt disease of the previous year and emerges and eats healthy young pine shoots (feeding for maturity). The pine wood nematode, which is present in the body and surface of the pine wood beetle, invades the pine tree from the site damaged by post-feeding and proliferates. Two to three months after the infestation of the pine wood nematode, the wilt has an apparent wilt symptom, and an abnormal tree with discolored leaves is produced. The larvae of the pine sawyer, P. japonicus, spawned on abnormal trees and dead trees, hatch, and the larvae grow while eating under the tree. When spring comes and the temperature rises, the larvae of the pine sawyer beetle, wintering in the pupa chamber, become pupae, evolve and become adults. At this time, the pine wood nematode moves to the emerged pine wood beetle, and moves to another healthy tree with the pine wood beetle. It is thought that such a cycle causes pine wilt and expands.

[0003] In general, when an insecticide is used to control pests, it often harms not only pests but also other organisms such as humans and livestock. For this reason, as a method of controlling pests that do not harm human animals, for example, Beauveria
Attempts have been made to infect pests with natural enemy fungi such as Bronniati (Beauveria brongniartii), Beauveria bassiana (Beauveria bassiana), Beauveria amorpha (Beauveria amorpha), and Metarhizium anisopliae, and to attempt to control the pests. It became so.

Conventionally, as a control method using a natural enemy filamentous fungus, a method of culturing the natural enemy filamentous fungus in a medium such as bran and spraying the natural enemy filamentous fungus with the medium directly on the ground in a large amount has been performed. In other words, this method sprays natural enemy filamentous fungi on the ground, raises the environmental concentration of the natural enemy filamentous fungi by breeding conidia, and creates an environment where the natural enemy filamentous fungus is easily transcutaneously transmitted to insects. This is a method for controlling pests by increasing the infection rate. However,
Simply spraying the medium in which the natural enemy filamentous fungi are cultured in an outdoor environment will cause the natural enemy filamentous fungi to be in a state close to dormant cells because the medium components cannot be used sufficiently, so the natural insect enemy filamentous fungal infection rate of the pest will decrease, There is a disadvantage that the desired insecticidal effect cannot be exhibited. In addition, the sprayed natural enemy filamentous fungi do not adhere to the trees, and more bacteria are absorbed into the soil. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the insecticidal effect of the natural enemy filamentous fungi cannot be sufficiently exhibited. Furthermore, there is also a disadvantage that bacteria attached to trees are easily washed away under natural conditions such as rain and wind. In addition, there is a drawback that conidia of natural enemy filamentous fungi decrease with time.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, a method for controlling pests by culturing a natural enemy filamentous fungus on a carrier containing a medium component and placing the carrier on a passageway in the area where the pests inhabit is provided. Is being done. Examples of this method include JP-A-63-190807 and JP-A-63-190807.
There is a method for controlling pests, such as mulberry, disclosed in US Pat. This method utilizes the habit that the yellow beetle mates on the mulberry tree, and the female adult descends to the root of the mulberry tree for spawning. This method aims to increase the effectiveness and extend the effective period by installing a certain pest control tool at the root of the mulberry tree, and to efficiently infect the disease with a small amount of installation. However, according to the method,
It has the disadvantage that it is effective only when the pest directly contacts the pest control device or approaches the pest control device.

On the other hand, a perforating pest that mediates pine wood nematode, which is a cause of pine wilt, such as e.g. pine wood beetle, is an ecological species in which adults emerge not only in the pine tree trunk but also widely in branches and branches. In most cases, the insect pests are out of the infected area of the natural enemy filamentous fungus, and therefore, there is a drawback that the insects cannot be effectively transmitted by the extermination method such as the method used for the above-mentioned Kiboshi beetle. That is, the extermination method used for the long-horned beetle, when used against pests such as pine sawyer, it is necessary to install a large number of extermination tools evenly over a wide area, processing only within a limited range, processing There is a drawback in that damage caused by pests such as pine wood beetles outside the range cannot be prevented. Therefore, the extermination method used for the aforementioned long-horned beetle is insufficient as a method for controlling pine wood beetles.

Conventionally, methods for controlling pine wood nematode or pine wood nematode in order to prevent pine wilt disease caused by pine wilt disease include (1) felling and peeling of pine wood beetle larvae for the purpose of controlling larvae of pine wood beetle・ Chemical treatment of incineration and standing trees, (2) preventive spraying of insecticides for the control of adult pine sawyer, (3) stem of nematocide for control after pine wood nematode infection Injection and the like. However, both have the drawback that they require a great deal of labor and also have the danger of poisoning contamination and fire by chemicals.

In view of the above circumstances, a simple and reliable method for controlling perforating pests and a method for preventing the spread of pine wilt are desired.

[0009]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is effective against a perforating pest that mediates pine wood nematodes, especially pine wood pests, and does not cause harm to other organisms such as humans and animals, and is simple and reliable. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling perforating pests. A further object of the present invention is to provide a simple and reliable method for preventing the spread of pine wilt without harming other organisms such as humans and livestock.

[0010]

That is, the present invention provides [1]
The whole or a part of the tree in which the perforating pests inhabiting the pine wood nematode inhabit is covered with a sheet, and a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed inside the area covered with the sheet. A method for controlling, and [2] covering all or a part of a tree in which a perforating insect pest that mediates pine wood nematode inhabits with a sheet, placing a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus inside the area covered with the sheet, The present invention relates to a method for preventing the spread of pine wilt caused by pine wood nematodes, which comprises infecting and killing a perforating pest with a natural enemy filamentous fungus.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The method for controlling perforating pests according to the present invention is to cover all or a part of a tree in which the perforating pests inhabiting the pine wood nematode inhabit with a sheet, and to cover the inside of the area covered with the sheet. One of the major features is that a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus is installed. According to the control method of the present invention,
Since a natural enemy filamentous fungal culture is used, it is possible to specifically exert a control effect on a perforating insect pest that mediates a pine wood nematode, which is a pathogen causing pine wilt, in particular, a pine wood beetle. In addition, all or a part of the tree in which the perforating pests that infect the pine wood nematode inhabit is covered with a sheet, and a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed inside the area covered with the sheet, so that it is protected from wind and rain. Thus, it is possible to stabilize the effect for a long time, and furthermore, to exert an excellent effect that the contact probability can be increased.
Therefore, with the conventional control method, a high control effect can be exerted on a perforating pest having a low control effect.

[0012] Examples of the perforating pests that transmit the pine wood nematode include the perforating pests that exhibit the ecology of adult eclosion not only in the main trunk of the pine tree but also in a wide area up to the branches. Mantis (Monochamus al
ternatus HOPE), Black Beetle (Spondylis buprestoide)
s L.), rust beetle (Arhopalus coreanus SHARP), red horned beetle (Corymbia succedanea LEWIS), yellow beetle (Monochamus saltuarius GEBLER),
A beetle (M. grandis WATERHOUSE), a belod beetle (Acalolepta fraudatrix BATES), a beaked beetle (Uraecha bimaculata THOMPSON), a beaked beetle (Leiopus guttatus BATES),

[0013] As described above, the perforating insect pest is laid under the pine tree, and the hatched larva grows inside the timber and escapes from emergence. The present inventors surprisingly found that when a pupated, emerged adult emerged from a tree, the culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus was placed in contact with the emerged escaped adult. It has been found that a high control effect can be obtained. Such a control effect is a high control effect that is difficult to obtain by a conventional method for controlling perforating pests such as pine wood beetles.

Trees to which the perforating pests such as pine sawyer beetles can damage include pine family plants. In addition, examples of the trees include dead trees and the like, and specific examples include damaged trees in a standing state, felled damaged trees, and the like. From the viewpoint of fully exerting the control effect, it is preferable to collect and treat the felled damaged trees.

The place where the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is installed is not particularly limited. For example, if the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is installed on a damaged tree, the hypha penetrates into the xylem and the larvae are harmed. However, since it shows a lethal effect, the probability that a perforating insect pest such as pine sawyer beetle comes into contact with a natural enemy filamentous fungal culture becomes extremely high, and an excellent control effect can be exhibited.

In the present invention, the natural enemy fungus culture is placed inside the area covered by the sheet, but the area covered by the sheet may be all or part of the tree. For example, when the entire tree is covered, a part of the open part is provided, and a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus is set around the open part, the infection mortality rate can be improved to nearly 100%.

The sheet may be any sheet that can protect the culture from the weather and the like.
A vinyl sheet. Examples of the sheet include a sheet having a light-shielding property, and more specifically, a sheet of black or the like. For example,
When a black sheet is used, the pine sawyer, Echinococcus longiflorus, escapes from emergence and then seeks out in search of light. Can be. In this case, using a sheet,
What is necessary is just to cover so that a boring pest may be induced to the place where the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is installed.

In the present invention, the perforating pest attractant is placed near the place where the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed, so that the perforating pest is more effectively placed at the place where the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed. And can be effectively exterminated. Examples of the attractant include α-
A mixture of pinene, other terpenoids and alcohol,
A sex pheromone derived from a perforating insect pest or a derivative having the same physiological activity as the sex pheromone is exemplified.

Immediately after the emergence of the perforating pest, the repellent substance of the perforating pest is placed on the culture so as to reduce the movement of the perforating pest to a place other than the place where the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed. By arranging it at a place other than the place, the contact of the boring pest with the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus can be further enhanced.

The culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus used in the present invention is:
One of the major features is that a band-shaped or sheet-shaped culture carrier contains a natural enemy filamentous fungus and a medium component.

The natural enemy filamentous fungi include Beauveria brongniartii, Beauveria bassiana, and Beauveria amorpha.
(Beauveria amorpha), Metallidium anisoprie (M
Filamentous fungi such as etarhizium anisopliae) can be exemplified as effective pathogens for longicorn beetles. Among the filamentous fungi,
From the viewpoint of lethality to the pine wood beetle, in particular, Beauveria brong
niartii) and Beauveria bassian
a) is desirable.

The culture carrier may be any carrier capable of holding a culture medium of natural enemy filamentous fungi, and examples thereof include bran, peat moss, foam matrix, non-woven fabric, and woven fabric. Among them, a foam matrix, a nonwoven fabric and a woven fabric are preferred.

Examples of the foam matrix include JP-A-63-74479 and JP-A-63-1908.
No. 07, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, vinyl chloride foam, polyethylene foam, polystyrene foam and the like. When such a foam matrix is used as a carrier, it may be used as it is, or a substance obtained by foaming a foam composition capable of producing the foam with a medium component may be used.

The material of the woven or non-woven fabric used as the culture carrier is not particularly limited, and commercially available materials can be used, but the cultivation property of the medium component, water retention / hydrophilicity, and adhesion of natural enemy filamentous fungi can be used. From the viewpoint of utilization as a carbon source, natural disintegration, and the like, a woven or nonwoven fabric made of pulp, rayon, polyester, or the like is particularly preferable.

The shape of the culture carrier is such that it can be easily and reliably installed on a tree and that the effectiveness of the control effect can be maintained for a long period of time. From the viewpoint that the carrier can be formed, a carrier formed in a band shape or a sheet shape is desirable.

Examples of the band-shaped or sheet-shaped culture carrier include a foam matrix disclosed in JP-A-63-74479 and JP-A-63-190807, or a porous material such as a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. And a material having a large apparent surface area due to its nature, and a material combining these.

As the medium component to be contained in the culture carrier, a component containing an assimilable carbon source or nitrogen source, inorganic salts, natural organic substances, and the like is preferable. Examples of the carbon source include glucose, saccharose, lactose, maltose, glycerin, starch, cellulose molasses and the like. Examples of the nitrogen source include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate. Examples of the inorganic salts include phosphates such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. As natural organic substances, meat extract, fish meat extract, animal tissue extracts and crushed animal tissue such as pupa flour, malt extract, corn steep liquor, altar tissue extract such as soybean oil, dried yeast, yeast extract, polypeptone Microbial cells or extracts thereof can be exemplified. Examples of a method for incorporating these medium components into a carrier include a method of directly applying the medium components and a method of including them by immersion or the like.

A culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is prepared by adding a medium component to a culture carrier, inoculating the bacterium and culturing the mixture, or mixing a culture solution obtained by pre-culturing the natural enemy filamentous fungus with the medium component. The mixture obtained later can be obtained by, for example, a method of including the mixture in a culture carrier.

In a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus, the concentration of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is, for example, 10 ⁷ when a pulp nonwoven fabric is used.
Cells (cells) / cm ² (culture carrier surface) or more, preferably 10 ⁸ cells (cells) / cm ² (culture carrier surface)
More preferably, it is the above.

In the method for controlling perforating pests of the present invention,
It is preferable that the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungi be set before adult emergence and emergence, for example, until April in western Japan and early June in eastern Japan. Therefore, even if it is installed in November of the previous year, the effect is sufficiently exhibited over the entire hatching period of the following year.

The method for controlling perforating insect pests of the present invention is a method for efficiently infecting pine wood prunus beetles with pathogenic bacteria by merely arranging them in a small number of trees, as will be apparent from the results of Examples described later. It is a good control method.

In the present invention, as described above, all or a part of a tree in which the perforating insect pests that transmit the pine wood nematode is covered with a sheet, and a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed inside the area covered with the sheet. By disposing the pine, the perforating insect pests can be infected and killed by natural enemy filamentous fungi, thereby effectively preventing the spread of pine wilt by pine wood nematodes.

[0033]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 A pulp nonwoven fabric (5 × 50 cm) was used as a culture carrier.
A medium containing glucose and corn steep liquor was contained, and B. bassiana was inoculated to obtain a culture (sheet-like nonwoven fabric preparation). The cell concentration in the nonwoven fabric preparation was 2 × 10 ⁸ cells (cells) / cm ² (culture carrier surface).

The obtained nonwoven fabric preparation was emerged and emerged, and forcibly contacted with a pine sawyer beetle for several days, and the mortality of the pine sawyer was examined. Specifically, a sheet-shaped nonwoven fabric preparation stored in a condition of 5 ° C. after production (“New formulation” in Table 1), or a pine tree that has died in the field in April in the field, is felled. Non-woven fabric preparation (sheet) placed on a pine tree, covered with a black sheet and left outdoors for 2 months (Table 1, “2 months after application of formulation”) ), Either continuously or as adults.
Seconds or 30 seconds. Subsequently, the adults were bred individually, and after 8 days, 14 days, and 21 days after the contact, the number of dead pine sawyer adults and the presence or absence of fungi on the adults were examined.

In addition, instead of B. bassiana, B. brongni
A similar study was performed using artii. Table 1 shows the results. In the table, the mortality rate indicates the ratio (%) of the “number of deaths of the pine wood beetle” to the “total number of pine wood beetles that have escaped from emergence”. The crowding rate is
The ratio (%) of the “number of dead pine wood beetles that have formed a filamentous fungus” to the “number of pine wood beetles that have escaped from emergence” is shown.

[0037]

[Table 1]

From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the non-woven fabric preparation (B.bassiana) which had been left outdoors for 2 months had the same properties as the new preparation.
It is shown to kill 100% of adult pine sawyer beetles within weeks. In addition, when B. bassiana is used, it has a higher effect on pine wood beetles than when B. brongniartii is used.

Example 2 Twenty specimens of pine scab damage materials (5 to 15 cm in diameter and 2 m in length) were stacked in five stages from bottom to bottom in order of 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2. Then, B. b obtained in the same manner as in Example 1
sheet-shaped non-woven fabric preparation containing assiana [50 × 5c
m; cell concentration: 10 ⁸ cells (cells) / cm ² (culture carrier surface)] was placed at the top of the stacked test materials (FIG. 1). Then, the top row of the test material was covered with a black vinyl sheet so as not to be exposed directly to rain. Test groups 1 to 4 were set as shown in Table 2 depending on the number of nonwoven fabric preparations installed and the presence or absence of the installation. In addition, [winter treatment: no treatment, spring treatment: installation of eight nonwoven fabric preparations, no vinyl sheet] was set as test section 5.

[0040]

[Table 2]

The evaluation was performed by setting each test plot in a net room from the start to the end of the test (January to June), capturing the adults that emerged during the test period, and measuring the number of emergences (test period). ), The number of days until the death after breeding adults that have emerged and escaped, and the status of B. bassiana infection (Table 3, "Number of fungal flora (population rate)") Was done by examining). Table 3 shows the results.

[0042]

[Table 3]

From the results shown in Table 3, the mortality rate and the bacterial flora rate within 14 days are almost 70% in the test sections 1 to 3, which are much higher than those in the untreated test section 4. Is shown. There was no difference between the mortality rate and the crowding rate in the test groups 1 to 3, and the influence of the number of installations and the number of sheets did not appear. In addition, as a result of comparison between the test plot 3 (the present invention) and the test plot 5, it is shown that by covering with a vinyl sheet, a remarkably excellent control effect can be obtained.

[0044]

According to the method for controlling perforating insect pests of the present invention, instead of targeting the flying pine sawyer adults after emergence escape, the adults immediately after emergence escape are brought into contact with cultures of natural enemy filamentous fungi. Because of this, there is an excellent effect that the probability of contact is high and female adults can be killed before laying eggs. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the generation of next-generation razors, more effective control, and prevent the spread of pine wilt.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view when eight nonwoven fabric preparations are installed for the purpose of controlling pine wood beetle. In the present invention, the test tree provided with the nonwoven fabric preparation is further covered with a light-shielding vinyl sheet.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Nonwoven fabric preparation containing natural enemy filamentous fungi 2 Test wood

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4H011 AC03 BB21 DA07 DD03 DE01 DF04 DH04 DH10 DH25

Claims (9)

[Claims] The present invention is characterized in that the whole or a part of a tree in which a perforating pest that transmits pine wood nematode is inhabited is covered with a sheet, and a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed inside an area covered with the sheet. Method for controlling perforating pests. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tree is a dead tree. 3. The method for controlling perforating pests according to claim 1, wherein the tree is a felled tree. 4. The method for controlling a perforating insect pest according to claim 1, wherein the culture comprises a band-shaped or sheet-shaped culture carrier containing natural enemy fungi and a medium component. 5. The natural enemy filamentous fungus is Beauveria brongniartii, Beauveria bassiana, or Beauveria amorpha (B).
eauveria amorpha) and metallidium anisoprie (M
The method for controlling a perforating insect pest according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method is at least one filamentous fungus selected from the group consisting of etarhizium anisopliae). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sheet is a sheet having a light-shielding property. 7. The method for controlling a perforating pest according to claim 1, wherein the perforating pest is a pine sawyer. 8. A sheet covering all or a part of a tree in which a perforating insect pest that transmits pine wood nematode is inhabited, and a culture of a natural enemy filamentous fungus is placed inside the area covered with the sheet. A method for preventing the spread of pine wilt caused by pine wood nematodes, which comprises infecting and killing pests with natural enemy filamentous fungi. 9. The method for preventing the spread of pine wilt according to claim 8, wherein the perforating pest is pine sawyer.