JP2000213903A - Architectural planning ruler and building planning method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] For a building whose form is standardized to some extent,
Provided is a building plan ruler that allows anyone to easily and quickly set the form and arrangement of a building that does not violate the regulations for the effective lighting area. The architectural planning ruler (2) divides a vertical distance (h1 to h4) from a main projecting portion provided above an opening to a lower end of the opening by a gradient value of a lighting oblique line, and then further increases a wall thickness. The retreat distances d1 to d4 from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion obtained by correcting in consideration of
Along the edge 21 of the ruler 2, each is marked at a predetermined scale in one direction from the common origin 20.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an architectural planning ruler for setting a schematic form of a building and an arrangement on a site in a building planning stage, and a method of planning a building using the ruler. More specifically, when setting the form and arrangement of the adjacent building boundary side, according to the so-called effective daylighting area rule, a building plan ruler to secure an effective opening for lighting in the living room And planning methods for buildings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With respect to the form of a building, a numerical restriction rule according to the Building Standards Law and the like is applied to a number of items for each site where the building is built. Therefore, when trying to build a building on each site, first of all, in the initial planning stage, the number of floors and floor area of the building, the arrangement of the building in the site, the height of the protrusion, etc. This is checked according to the above-mentioned restriction rules while assuming the overall schematic form, and the work of setting a legal schematic form while repeating the correction based on the check is performed.

[0003] Such planning work is usually carried out by the planner on the basis of knowledge and experience concerning various regulations, each time taking a certain amount of time and effort. There is a fact that it is not easy to standardize and improve the efficiency of planning work because it is different.

[0004]

One of the above-mentioned limitations is the so-called effective daylighting area. This provision,
The living room part of a building such as a house or a hospital is specified to ensure good livability, and the living room of the building has windows and other openings with an effective lighting area corresponding to the floor area of the living room. It is stipulated that a part must be provided.

According to the Building Standard Law as of 1998, houses,
Schools, hospital clinics, dormitories, boarding houses and other similar buildings specified by Cabinet Order have windows and other openings for lighting, and the effective area for lighting is the floor of the room. 1/7 for the area
As mentioned above, for other buildings, the ratio must be equal to or greater than that specified by a Cabinet Order between 1/5 and 1/10 (Article 28, Paragraph 1 of the Act).

[0006] The area of windows and other openings (hereinafter referred to as openings) specified in the same article, which is effective for daylighting, is determined by the borderline of the adjacent land or another building in the same premises or the building. In the part of the opening that faces the other part, from each part of the building that is directly above the opening, the adjacent land boundary line that faces that part or another building in the same site or other part of the building The ratio obtained by dividing the horizontal distance to the opposing portion by the vertical distance from that portion to the opening is a predetermined ratio (2
/ 10 to 4/10) or more (Article 29, Paragraph 1 of the Enforcement Order of the same law).
In this specification, for the sake of simplicity of description, hereinafter, "other buildings in the same premises or other parts of the buildings facing the opening" include these, including " Neighboring border line ".

[0007] That is, for example, when a building to be built is a house in a residential use area, the room of the building has an opening area having an opening area of 1/7 or more of the floor area of the living room. Is required, and each part of the building located immediately above this opening has a ratio of 4/10, which is the horizontal distance from that part to the adjacent land boundary divided by the vertical distance from that part to the lower end of the opening. It must be provided as follows. In other words, as shown in FIG.
When it is desired to provide an opening W effective for daylighting in the living room K in the building 1, the projecting portions 1a such as ridges, eaves, parapets, and eaves provided above this opening W From the intersection P of the horizontal line passing through the lower end of W and the vertical plane on the adjacent ground boundary line BL (hereinafter referred to as a lighting oblique line starting point)
This means that it must be located below a diagonal line SL (hereinafter, referred to as a lighting diagonal line) that rises upward with a gradient of 2.5 / 1 (= 10/4) toward the top of the building 1. In addition, the code | symbol GL shows a ground surface.

[0008] In order to comply with such regulations, the opening W for lighting into the main living room K in the building 1 to be built is opened from the main projecting portion 1a provided immediately above the opening W. Vertical distance h to the lower end of part W
And a horizontal distance d from the protrusion 1a to the adjacent ground boundary line BL.
If any of the protrusions 1a protrudes above the lighting oblique line SL, the height of the protrusion 1a may be reduced or the position of the protrusion 1a may be changed to a neighboring land. Correction such as retreating from the boundary line BL or moving the opening W upward must be performed. In addition, such a check operation is particularly necessary for the building 1
The more complicated the top and outer walls are, the more troublesome it becomes.

Therefore, the present invention is based on the premise that the layout of the main living room and the size and height of the opening for lighting into the living room are preset in the planning stage of the building. By providing a convenient architectural plan ruler for performing a check work to make the opening an effective opening for daylighting prescribed by law, and a building planning method using the ruler, for example, a prefab It is an object of the present invention to enable anyone to easily and quickly set the form and arrangement of a building such as a house whose form is standardized to some extent, which does not violate the above-mentioned regulation of the effective lighting area.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ruler for architectural planning having a standardized form, the arrangement of main rooms and the size of openings for lighting the rooms. For buildings where the height and height are set in advance,
The ridge, eaves, eaves, parapets provided above the opening,
The retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary of each protrusion obtained by dividing the vertical distance from the main protrusion such as a balcony to the lower end of the opening by the slope value of the lighting oblique line, along the edge of the ruler Thus, each of them is marked at a predetermined scale in one direction from a common origin.

[0011] The ruler for architectural planning according to claim 2 has a standardized form, and the arrangement of the main living room and the size and height of the opening for lighting the living room are set in advance. After dividing the vertical distance from the main projecting part such as the ridge, eaves, eaves, parapets, balconies, etc., provided above the opening to the lower end of the opening, by dividing the vertical diagonal value of the lighting oblique line Further, the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion, which is obtained by correcting in consideration of the wall thickness, is predetermined in one direction from the common origin along the edge of the ruler. It is characterized by being marked on each of the scales of.

In the present invention, a building having a standardized form is a building, such as a prefabricated house or a medium-to-low-rise apartment, constructed by a panel method or a unit method. In such buildings, the basic structure, pillar arrangement, floor height, basic floor plan, various building materials, and the like are generally standardized according to a common module, and several to ten types are provided for each component of the building. The whole building is configured by appropriately combining design patterns prepared with several types of variations. For this reason, a certain degree of design freedom is ensured, but the shape of the roof and balcony appearing in the outer shape of the building, the arrangement of the main living room and the opening, and the like are limited to a certain range of patterns. Therefore, for each conceivable pattern form, the main protruding parts and opening forms are quantified in advance and marked on a ruler, so that planning can be performed easily and quickly using the ruler. Will be possible. That is, the present invention is a building plan ruler used for planning a building having such a standardized form.

[0013] In the present invention, the main projections are:
This is a portion formed to protrude outward or upward from the building and may interfere with the oblique lighting. Therefore,
Apart from ridges, eaves, eaves, parapets, balconies, all similar forms are included, regardless of their function or use.

Further, in the present invention, as described above, the diagonal lighting line means a horizontal line passing through the lower end of an opening provided for lighting a main living room, and a vertical plane on a boundary line of an adjacent ground with which the opening faces. From the intersection of (lighting diagonal line starting point) and upward with a predetermined gradient (2.5 / 1 to 5/1) prescribed by the Building Standard Law.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for planning a building, which has a standardized form, wherein the arrangement of the main living room and the size and height of the opening for lighting the living room are determined in advance. For the building that is set, the adjacent land boundary of each protrusion obtained by dividing the vertical distance from the main protrusion provided above the opening to the lower end of the opening by the slope value of the lighting oblique line The retreat distance from the line, or the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion obtained by adding a correction considering the retreat distance in consideration of the wall thickness, along the edge of the ruler, The architectural plan rulers, each marked at a predetermined scale in one direction from the origin, are superimposed on the site plan view of the same scale as the architectural plan rulers, and the edges are orthogonal to the adjacent ground boundary line and the origin is defined. Align with the adjacent land boundary line, and mark By drawing the position of each protrusion on the site plan according to the setback distance of each protrusion from the adjacent ground boundary line or the setback distance from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion, It is characterized in that the form and arrangement of the object on the side of the adjacent land boundary are set.

That is, the architectural plan ruler of the present invention is obtained by dividing the vertical distance from the main projection provided above the opening to the lower end of the opening by the slope value of the oblique lighting line. The retreat distance of the protrusion from the adjacent boundary line (claim 1) or the retreat distance from the adjacent land boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion obtained by adding the correction considering the wall thickness to the retreat distance (claim 1) Item 2) is calculated in advance, and the retreat distance is marked along the edge of the ruler at a predetermined scale in one direction from the origin indicating the adjacent ground boundary line.

The architectural plan ruler is superimposed on the same scale site plan view, and the edge of the architectural plan ruler is set to be orthogonal to the adjacent ground boundary line with the opening, and the origin position marked on the edge is determined. When it is matched on the adjacent land boundary line, the retreat distance from the adjacent land boundary line of each protrusion marked on the edge or the retreat distance from the adjacent land boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion is determined by the main The position of each protrusion on the side of the adjacent land boundary can be quickly plotted on the site plan. By drawing a straight line parallel to the adjacent ground boundary line on the site floor plan through the position of each projected portion plotted in this way, based on the straight line, the opening effective for lighting into the living room is legally Anyone can easily set the outline form of the building and the arrangement in the site while securing it.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a construction plan ruler of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a ruler).
Building 10 to be planned using simply a ruler)
It is an elevational view which shows an example. The exemplified building 10 is 3
This is a prefabricated house with a three-story roof and a three-story roof. The basic structure is such that a part of the third-floor part can be set back by a predetermined size more than the second-floor part according to site conditions. Has been standardized. For a main living room (not shown) arranged on the first floor of this building, a window W1 having a predetermined opening area is provided at a predetermined height as an opening for lighting. It has become.

The main protruding portions above the window W1 that may interfere with the lighting oblique line SL with respect to the window W1 on the first floor include, for example, a parapet top 11 on a third-floor roof (rooftop),
Balcony handrail wall tops 12 and 1 respectively provided outside the third floor and the second floor with a fixed projection size.
The parapet top 14 of the second floor roof when the third and third floor portions are set back, and the like.

The vertical distance from each of the projecting portions 11 to 14 to the lower end of the window W1 is h1 for the parapet top 11 on the third floor roof, h2 for the handrail wall top on the third floor balcony, and handrail on the second floor balcony. The top of the wall is set to h3, and the top of the parapet on the second floor is set to h4.

FIG. 2 shows a ruler 2 of the present invention prepared for planning the building 10. The ruler 2 includes vertical distances h1 to h4 from the projecting portions 11 to 14 of the building 10 to the lower end of the window W1, and vertical distances h1 to h4.
4, the retreat distances d1 to d4 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL at the wall center positions of the protrusions 11 to 14 respectively corresponding to 4 are marked on a single plate, for example, at a scale of 1/100,
An edge 21 of the one side is defined as a drawing reference line, and an origin 20 indicating a zero position of the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line BL is set on the edge 21. On the surface of the ruler 2, a straight line 22 indicating the ground plane GL is drawn in parallel with the edge 21 serving as a drawing reference line, and the edge 2
An alternate long and short dash line 23, which indicates a vertical plane on the adjacent ground boundary line BL, is drawn orthogonal to 1.

Above the straight line 22 indicating the ground surface GL, figure diagrams 31 to 34 are shown in which the cross-sectional shapes of the main projections 11 to 14 are simplified and shown. These figures 31 to 34 show the heights of the respective projections 11 to 14 from the ground surface GL on a scale of 1/100 based on the straight line 22, and are shown from the top of each figure 31 to 34. The names of the protruding portions 11 to 14 and the height from the ground surface GL are marked beside the auxiliary lines 41 to 44 that are drawn out in the horizontal direction. The lateral positions of the figures 31 to 34 are respectively determined based on the retreat distances d1 to d4, which will be described later, so that the tops of the protruding portions 11 to 14 are located almost at the lighting oblique line SL. Is set.

In the drawings 31 to 34 of the projections 11 to 14, sectional lines 51 to 54 showing the sectional shape of the window W1 corresponding to the respective positions are drawn, and further, the sectional lines 51 to 54 are shown.
The horizontal line 24 drawn through the lower end position of the window W
The height of the lower end of 1 is shown. Intersection 25 between this horizontal line 24 and a dashed line 23 indicating a vertical plane on the adjacent ground boundary line BL
Indicates a lighting oblique line starting point P with respect to the window W1. Then, from the intersection point 25, obliquely upward, a predetermined gradient indicating the lighting oblique line SL with respect to the window W1 (2.5 / in this example).
1) The dashed line 26 is drawn.

In the perspective views 31 to 34 of the projections 11 to 14, furthermore, drooping lines 61 to 64 are drawn toward the straight line 22 from positions corresponding to the wall cores of the projections 11 to 14, respectively. Are extended to the edge 21, and beside the extended hanging lines 61 to 64, the retreat distances d1 to d1 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL at the wall center positions of the respective protruding portions 11 to 14. d4 are respectively indicated.

That is, these retreat distances d1 to d4
Is the vertical distance h1 to h4 from each of the projections 11 to 14 to the lower end of the window W1, respectively.
This is a value obtained by performing the correction in consideration of the wall thickness of each of the protrusions 11 to 14 after dividing by 5). The retreat distances d1 to d4 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL obtained in this way are defined by ruler 2
1/100 in one direction from the origin 20 along the edge 21 of
By marking each of them at the scale of
Is configured.

The "correction in consideration of the wall thickness" here
Specifically, a value obtained by dividing a vertical distance h1 to h4 from each of the protrusions 11 to 14 to the lower end of the window W1 by a gradient value of the lighting oblique line SL is added to the value of each of the protrusions 11 to 14. This is to add the horizontal difference size between the outermost position and the wall center position that constitutes the protruding portions 11 to 14. However, depending on the structure of the building 10, when correction is performed by another calculation method. There is also.

Subsequently, the building 10 is constructed using the ruler 2.
A method for setting the form and arrangement of the adjacent ground boundary line BL will be described.

First, a site plan view 7 as shown in FIG. 3 is prepared. This site floor plan 7 is 1/100, the same as ruler 2.
It is drawn at the scale of. The site illustrated in the site floor plan 7 has a quadrilateral shape, has three adjacent sides of the northeast, the northwest, and the southwest. I'm on the road. Therefore, main living rooms on the first floor of this building, such as a living room, a dining room, and a Japanese-style room, are arranged on the southwest side adjacent land boundary line BL3 or the front road R side, and the above-mentioned window W1 is provided in each living room. As provided,
It is assumed that the relation between the southwest side neighboring land boundary BL3 and the window W1 is checked.

As shown in FIG. 4, the adjacent land boundary line B on the southwest side
The ruler 2 of the present invention is placed on L3, and the edge 21 of the ruler 2 is
Is orthogonal to the adjacent ground boundary line BL3, and the origin 20 of the ruler 2 is matched with an arbitrary position on the adjacent ground boundary line BL3. If the building 10 is to be planned with a total of three floors, the hanging line 61 and the edge 21 on which the receding distance d1 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL corresponding to the parapet top 11 of the third floor roof is indicated. , And a straight line 91 passing through the mark and parallel to the adjacent ground boundary line BL3 is drawn on the site plan view 7. Then, the straight line 91 indicates the position of the parapet top 11 having the three-story roof, that is, the limit position on the southwest side of the outer wall in the case of a total of three stories.

If the third floor portion on the southwest side of the building 10 is set back, the retreat distance d4 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL corresponding to the parapet top 14 of the second floor roof is similarly marked. A mark is made at the intersection 82 between the hanging line 64 and the edge 21, and a straight line 92 is drawn through the mark and parallel to the adjacent ground boundary line BL3. The straight line 92 indicates the position of the parapet top 14 of the second-floor roof, that is, the southwestern limit position of the outer wall up to the second-floor portion.

In this way, the limit position on the southwest side of the outer wall of the building 10 is plotted on the site floor plan 7. Thereafter, a wall center which is a design reference is set at an appropriate position, and The positions of the eastern, northwestern, and southeastern wall cores may be sequentially determined. At this time, if necessary, the regulations on northern diagonal lines and the regulations on road diagonal lines shall be checked.

When the room of the building 10 is to be provided on the other adjacent land boundary lines BL1 and BL2, the same operation is performed on the adjacent neighboring land boundary lines BL1 and BL2. However, the order is arbitrary.

As described above, by using the ruler 2 of the present invention, for a building 10 whose form is standardized to some extent, such as a prefabricated house, the form and arrangement of the building 10 which does not violate the regulation of the effective lighting area. Can be set easily and quickly by anyone.

In this case, the retreat distances d1 to d4 of the protrusions 11 to 14 marked on the ruler 2 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL are determined in accordance with the actual situation of the planning work.
The center positions of the projecting portions 11 to 14 are also drawn on the site plan view 7. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line BL determined based on the outermost position of each of the protrusions 11 to 14 may be marked on a ruler to perform the planning work.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the slope value of the lighting oblique line SL is 2.5 / 1 has been exemplified, but since the slope value of the lighting oblique line SL differs depending on the area / division, etc. At this time, another ruler created based on another gradient value is prepared as necessary, and work is performed using the ruler.

The above-mentioned ruler 2 is provided with
14 is shown on a scale of 1/100, and drooping lines 61 to 64 indicating retreat distances d1 to d4 from the adjacent ground boundary line BL are plotted on a scale of 1/100, and the ground plan view 7 is drawn on the same scale of 1/100. However, the scale of the ruler may be another scale such as 1/50 or 1/200 as long as it is the same as the site plan used for planning.

The ruler 2 includes a straight line 22 indicating the ground surface GL, a dashed line 23 indicating a vertical surface on the adjacent ground boundary line BL, and appearance diagrams 31 to 13 showing the appearance of the projections 11 to 14.
Although 4 and the like are drawn, these are intended to make it easier to visually grasp the form and positional relationship of each part of the building 10 during the planning work. Therefore, these signs are omitted, and only the retreat distances d1 to d4 from the adjacent ground boundary lines BL of the protruding portions 11 to 14 are marked on the edge of the elongated ruler at a predetermined scale, and beside each of the marking lines. The present invention can be implemented by using the names of the protrusions 11 to 14 described.

When the slope value of the oblique lighting and the applicable conditions are changed due to the revision of the Building Standard Law, etc.,
The retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line of each protruding portion calculated based on the value is also changed.

[0040]

According to the present invention, each of the protruding portions obtained by dividing the vertical distance from the main protruding portion provided above the opening to the lower end of the opening by the slope value of the lighting oblique line. The retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line or the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion obtained by adding the correction considering the wall thickness to the retreat distance is determined in advance, and the edge of the ruler is determined. Along the part, it is marked at a predetermined scale in one direction from the common origin, so this building plan ruler is overlaid on the site plan of the same scale, and the edge is orthogonal to the adjacent ground boundary line, By making the origin position marked on the edge coincide with the adjacent ground boundary line, the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line of each protrusion marked on the edge, or the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion From the retreat distance from The arrangement in schematic form and the site of the object, while legally ensure effective opening in daylight to room, anyone can easily set. As a result, labor savings in planning work can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an elevation view showing an example of a building planned using a building plan ruler of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an embodiment of an architectural plan ruler according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a site plan view showing an example of a site when a building is planned using the building plan ruler.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a method of using the building plan ruler.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the definition of a lighting effective area.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Building 11-14 Projection part 2 Ruler for construction planning 20 Origin 21 Edge 7 Site plan view BL Neighboring boundary line d1-d4 Retreat distance from adjacent ground boundary line at wall center position of each projection part h1-h4 Each projection Vertical distance from section to lower end of opening SL Daylighting oblique line W, W1 Opening (window)

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Hiyoshi 1-88, Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka F-term (reference) 2F061 AA31 AA46 CC07 DD22 FF04 FF10 GG01 HH32 JJ02 JJ07 JJ19 JJ19

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A building having a standardized form, in which the location of a main living room and the size and height of an opening for lighting into the living room are set in advance, above the opening Building, eaves, eaves, parapets, parapets, balconies, etc., from the vertical distance from the main projecting part to the lower end of the opening by the slope value of the lighting oblique line Characterized in that the retreat distance is marked at a predetermined scale in one direction from a common origin along the edge of the ruler. 2. A building having a standardized form, in which the arrangement of the main living room and the size and height of the opening for lighting the living room are preset, are above the opening. By dividing the vertical distance from the main protrusions such as ridges, eaves, eaves, parapets, balconies, etc. to the lower end of the opening by the slope value of the lighting oblique line, it is further corrected in consideration of the wall thickness The retreat distance obtained from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion, obtained respectively, is marked along the edge of the ruler at a predetermined scale in one direction from a common origin. Ruler for architectural planning. 3. A building having a standardized form, in which the location of a main living room and the size and height of an opening for lighting into the living room are preset, are above the opening. The retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line of each protrusion obtained by dividing the vertical distance from the main protrusion provided at the lower end of the opening by the gradient value of the lighting oblique line,
Or, the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion obtained by adding a correction considering the wall thickness to the retreat distance is predetermined along the edge of the ruler in one direction from the common origin. The architectural planning rulers, each marked at the scale of, are superimposed on a site plan view of the same scale as the architectural planning ruler, the edge is made orthogonal to the adjacent ground boundary line, and the origin is made coincident with the adjacent ground boundary line. Draw the position of each protrusion on the site plan according to the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line of each protrusion marked on the edge or the retreat distance from the adjacent ground boundary line at the wall center position of each protrusion. The method of planning a building, wherein the form and arrangement of the building on the side of the adjacent land boundary are set.