JP2000209826A - Dc motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the cost of manufacture and maintenance and realize a new DC motor which is superior in characteristics by using a permanent magnet on the rotor side. SOLUTION: This DC motor consists of two rotating shafts 1a, 1b, a plurality of disks 2a, 2b formed of resin, wherein the respective two permanent magnets 21 are embedded in the outer peripheral parts at intervals of 180 degrees, an electromagnet 5 arranged in the intermediate position of the disks 2a, 2b fixed to the rotating shafts 1a, 1b, distribution switches 4a, 4b which switch over excitation or non-excitation of the electromagnet 5 in accordance with rotation of the rotating shafts 1a, 1b, and timing gears 3a, 3b fixed to the end portions of the rotating shafts 1a, 1b.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a DC motor having a novel structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The principle of a conventionally known DC motor will be described with reference to FIG. A rotating coil (armature) 94 is provided inside a field 91, which is an electromagnet that does not rotate in a normal DC motor, and a current flows from the DC power supply to the rotating coil 94 via a brush 92 and a commutator 93, so that a counterclockwise movement occurs. When the rotating coil 94 makes a half turn, the commutator 93 integrated therewith also makes a half turn, so that a current always flows in the same direction to the same pole of the field 91, and the rotating coil 94 It rotates continuously.
In addition, the field 91 is set to a constant magnetic field, and a permanent magnet is used instead of the electromagnet.

[0003]

There are squirrel-cage motors which do not use windings as rotors in AC motors and are widely used. However, in DC motors, winding armatures are considered to be indispensable. In addition, a large cost was required for maintenance. The present invention uses a permanent magnet on the rotor side and arranges a winding-shaped electromagnet on the fixed side to reduce the manufacturing and maintenance costs and realize a DC motor with a novel and efficient configuration. Aim.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there are provided two rotating shafts arranged in parallel, and a plurality of permanent magnets attached to the rotating shafts at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction and near the outer periphery at equal intervals in the rotating direction. A plurality of resin discs embedded therein;
An electromagnet arranged in the same position as the number of disks with both poles facing the disk at an intermediate position of the disks attached to the two rotation shafts, and provided at each one of the two rotation shafts; A distribution switch that switches between excitation and non-excitation of the electromagnet in a region where the permanent magnet approaches the electromagnet and a region where the permanent magnet moves away from the electromagnet, and two timing gears that are attached to ends of the two rotating shafts and engage with each other. The permanent magnet is a DC motor characterized in that different poles of the two rotating shafts face outward, and are attached to the rotating shafts so that their phases are sequentially shifted for each disk. Preferably, the distribution switch is configured to divide the cylindrical surface of the short cylindrical conductive material attached to the rotating shaft into three parts in the axial direction and contact the brush with each of the three parts. , The central portion is continuous conductive material over the entire circumference, the both side portions being the direct current motor is intended to be configured by replacing the insulating material alternately every 90 degrees.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the DC motor, and 1 (1a, 1
b) is a rotating shaft arranged in parallel, 2 (2a, 2b) is a rotating shaft 1
a, 1b, a plurality of resin discs attached at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction, 3 (3a, 3b) are timing gears attached to the ends of the rotating shafts 1a, 1b, 4 (4a, 4b) are rotating axis
1a, 1b each distribution switch provided in one place, 5
Is an electromagnet having the same number of discs 2a, 2b as the number of discs 2a, 2b with both poles facing the discs 2a, 2b at intermediate positions of a plurality of discs 2a, 2b respectively; Is a casing, and 10 is an output shaft for taking out power.

That is, this DC motor has two rotating shafts.
1a, 1b are arranged horizontally and in parallel at a predetermined interval, and timing gears 3a, 3b are provided at their respective ends to engage with each other.
4a and 4b are provided, and a plurality of disks are mounted at predetermined intervals in the axial direction, in this embodiment, four disks are mounted.

FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1, and 21 is a permanent magnet embedded in the disks 2a and 2b. Two permanent magnets 21 are attached to one disk 2a (2b) at an interval of 180 degrees around the outer periphery, and one shaft 1a (1b)
Four disks 2a (2b) attached to the permanent magnet 21
Are sequentially shifted by 45 degrees. Also, the same axis 1a
The same pole faces outward for the disk 2a (2b) mounted on (1b), and the poles are reversed for the two shafts 1a and 1b.

The principle of rotation of the DC motor will be described with reference to FIG. It is assumed that the electromagnet 5 in the middle of the disks 2a and 2b on both sides is excited by a DC power supply. For example, in FIG. On the other hand, the permanent magnets 21 of the disk 2a on the right side are all mounted with the S pole outside, and the permanent magnets 21 of the disk 2b on the left side are mounted with the N pole outside. Therefore, rotation in the direction of the arrow is generated by the repulsive force of the same polarity. Since the shaft ends are engaged by the timing gears 3a and 3b, the rotating shafts on both sides
The rotation angles ω of 1a and 1b are always equal. The repulsive force decreases as the disk rotates, but the phase is shifted by 45 degrees, and the same situation occurs successively on other adjacent disks, so that the rotation is continued.

However, when the rotation angle ω approaches 180 degrees, another permanent magnet 21 located at the opposite position approaches the electromagnet 5, and the rotation is braked by the repulsive force of the same polarity. . Therefore, it is necessary to cut off the excitation of the electromagnet 5 in a region where the permanent magnet 21 approaches the electromagnet 5.
The means for switching the excitation and non-excitation of the electromagnet 5 for this purpose is the distribution switch 4. This will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the distribution switch 4, and FIG.
Is a development view in which this is opened in a plane, 41 is a conductive material, 42 is an insulating material, and 43 (43a, 43b, 43c) is a brush. That is, the distribution switch 4 divides the cylindrical surface of the short cylindrical conductive material 41 attached to the rotating shaft 1 (omitted in FIG. 3) into three parts in the axial direction, and brings the brushes 43a, 43b, and 43c into contact with each other. In the portion, the conductive material 41 is continuous over the entire circumference, and the both side portions are alternately replaced with the insulating material 42 every 90 degrees. In the DC circuit of the electromagnet 5, for example, if the brush 43b is connected to the power supply side and the brushes 43a, 43c are connected to the electromagnet 5, the electromagnet 5 connected to the brushes 43a, 43c is excited every time the rotating shaft 1 rotates 90 degrees. Repeatedly de-energize,
In addition, since the phase can be shifted by 90 degrees, if the phases of the distribution switches 4a and 4b on both sides are shifted by 45 degrees, four switches corresponding to the four disks mounted at 45-degree intervals are provided. The excitation and non-excitation of the electromagnet can be switched in order.

The power generated by the DC motor can be taken out by making at least one of the two rotating shafts 1a and 1b project from the casing 7 to form an output shaft 10. Conversely, by applying rotation to the output shaft 10 from the outside, this DC motor can be used as a generator, similarly to a conventional DC motor. The method using the repulsive force of the electromagnet and the permanent magnet has been described above.However, it is possible to use the attraction force by reversing the mounting direction of the permanent magnet, or by reversing the polarity of the electromagnet, and making the control slightly complicated. However, both the suction force and the repulsion force can be used.

In the above description, two permanent magnets are used for one disk. However, three permanent magnets may be used at intervals of 120 degrees. In this case, the disk is shifted in phase by 60 degrees to 3
The number of sheets can be reduced, but if the number is set to 6, more smooth rotation can be obtained. The basic performance of this DC motor is determined by the wire diameter of the coil of the electromagnet, the number of windings, the size of the permanent magnet, and the like, and since the only controllable part of this DC motor is the electromagnet, the control of the number of revolutions and torque is In principle, all are performed by the voltage input to the electromagnet.

According to the DC motor having the novel structure, a smooth rotation with a low torque variation can be obtained by using a plurality of disks, and the repulsive force of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is efficiently used. As a result, a higher output can be obtained compared to the size.

[0014]

According to the present invention, a number of excellent effects can be obtained, for example, a power source having excellent characteristics not found in a conventional electric motor can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along arrow AA in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a distribution switch according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a developed view showing a main part of the distribution switch of FIG. 3 as a plane.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a DC motor showing a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 1a, 1b Rotary shaft 2, 2a, 2b Disc 3, 3a, 3b Timing gear 4, 4a, 4b Distribution switch 5 Electromagnet 6 Bearing 7 Casing 10 Output shaft 21 Permanent magnet 41 Conductive material 42 Insulation material 43 Brush 91 Field 92 Brush 93 Commutator 94 Rotary coil (armature)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Two rotating shafts (1a, 1a) arranged in parallel.
b) and a plurality of permanent magnets (21) attached to the rotating shaft at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction and near the outer periphery at equal intervals in the rotating direction.
And a plurality of resin discs (2a, 2b) embedded with
At the intermediate position between the discs (2a, 2b) mounted on the two rotating shafts (1a, 1b), the poles are placed at the discs (2a, 2b).
Electromagnets (5) arranged in the same number as the number of discs (2a, 2b) toward each other and provided at each of the two rotating shafts (1a, 1b), A distribution switch (4a, 4b) for switching between excitation and non-excitation of the electromagnet (5) between a region where the permanent magnet (21) approaches the electromagnet (5) and a region away from the electromagnet (5) with rotation; 1a,
1b) and two timing gears (3a, 3b) engaged with each other and attached to the end of the permanent magnet (21).
Is a DC motor characterized in that mutually different poles are directed outward with respect to two rotating shafts, and the two rotating shafts are attached to the rotating shafts so that their phases are sequentially shifted for each disk. 2. The distribution switch (4a, 4b) is connected to a rotating shaft (1).
a, 1b), the cylindrical surface of the short cylindrical conductive material (41) attached to the shaft is divided into three parts in the axial direction, and brushes (43a, 43a,
43b, 43c), a conductive material (41) is continuous over the entire circumference at the center portion, and insulating materials (42) are alternately replaced at 90 ° on both side portions. A DC motor according to claim 1.