JP2000201531A - Agricultural material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an agricultural material in the form of a nonwoven fabric carrying a fertilizer excellent in the so-called easy splitting properties represented by tear strength, good in compatibility with soil and facilitating fertilizer application operations by supporting a fertilizer response regulating type fertilizer between plural specific staple fiber nonwoven fabrics. SOLUTION: This agricultural material is obtained by supporting a fertilizer response regulating type fertilizer between at least two staple fiber nonwoven fabrics. One of the staple fiber nonwoven fabrics comprises cellulosic fibers and thermally fusible fibers and is a first staple fiber nonwoven fabric fused by the thermally fusible fibers. The other staple fiber nonwoven fabric comprises the cellulosic fibers or the cellulosic fibers and the thermally fusible fibers and is a second staple fiber nonwoven fabric fused with the thermally fusible fibers or unfused therewith and having a larger specific volume than that of the first staple fiber nonwoven fabric.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to agricultural materials. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sheet-like agricultural material in which a fertilizer for controlling the effect of fertilizer is sandwiched and integrated with a non-woven fabric of a density gradient type short fiber. This agricultural material is used as a fertilizer in a field for plant cultivation, which also has weed control, insect control, heat retention, labor saving of fertilization, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various types of fertilizer-controlling fertilizers have been used along with the rationalization of agricultural work and the aging of workers. For example, a time-eluting type coated fertilizer, which is a kind of fertilizer of the fertilizer effect control type, can usually perform fertilization performed several times at a time, so that labor saving of fertilization work is possible. However, since fertilization alone has no herbicidal or insect repellent effect, it has been necessary to use a so-called multi-sheet such as polyethylene sheet or vinyl chloride sheet in combination. However, such multi-sheets are not easily tearable by humans to open, cut, size, etc., to match the location of the plant to be grown, and are essentially impermeable to water. Therefore, during the water supply work, it was not possible to supply water directly from above the multi-sheet, and it was necessary to turn over the multi-sheet and supply water. For the same reason, it was necessary to turn over and fertilize the multi-sheet. Furthermore, after harvesting the crop, the multi-sheet is torn into small pieces by hand, disperse in the field or bury in the soil, etc. There was a problem that it could not be reduced, which was an obstacle to labor-saving cultivation.

[0003] To solve this problem, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. HEI 8-331983 discloses a time-eluting fertilizer containing urea as a main component in a sheet-like water retention material in which natural fibers and chemical fibers are mixed. A high grain seedling raising mat has been proposed. This seedling-grown matte is made by combining natural fibers such as pulp with a binder such as a phenol resin solution and joining single fibers together, and has a high breaking strength of the mat and growth of rice paddy and the like. Good things are disclosed.

JP-A-10-117514 discloses a string-like agricultural material in which a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is sandwiched by a water-soluble or biodegradable biopolymer nonwoven fabric, or a fertilizer and a crop seed alternately. A string-shaped agricultural material that is arranged side by side and sandwiched by a nonwoven fabric or the like has been proposed. Specifically, the spunbonded rayon long-fiber nonwoven fabric is cut into slits,
It is an agricultural material in which a fertilizer or the like is sandwiched between non-woven fabrics and both ends of which are sewn with polyvinyl alcohol fibers. It is said that this agricultural material is buried in ridges and is effective for cultivation of spinach and the like.

The agricultural materials disclosed in the above two publications have a high mechanical strength because a binder is used as a bonding means for the nonwoven fabric or the nonwoven fabric itself is a long-fiber nonwoven fabric. The tear strength also increases. Accordingly, it is difficult to tear open the area where the crop is planted at the time of construction by hand, or to tear an excess non-woven fabric by hand to fit the field. In addition, it is also difficult to remove used agricultural materials after crop harvesting, torn them finely by hand, bury them in the soil, and return them to the soil.

[0006] The agricultural material has a specific volume difference between the first nonwoven fabric and the second nonwoven fabric, and there is no consideration that the high specific volume side is brought into contact with the soil.
When constructed on a ridge or the like, there is a problem that the material slips or turns up. That is, there is no consideration that fine particles of the soil enter the second short fiber non-woven fabric having a large space due to rain or the like after the application or improve the familiarity with the soil. In addition, since there is no consideration of giving a specific volume difference to the nonwoven fabric, the function of imparting water retention to the second nonwoven fabric and retaining moisture on the soil side is inferior.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-277190 discloses a mat-like fertilizer in which a water retention material is arranged in a space adjacent to slow-release fertilizer particles and integrated. This mat has a two-layer structure, but does not disclose any technical idea of imparting a specific volume difference to the nonwoven fabric used. Further, since this mat is bonded with water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol as an adhesive, there is a problem that the adhesive flows out due to water supply or the like, and as a result, the strength of the mat is greatly reduced.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is excellent in so-called easy splitting property represented by tear strength, has good adaptability to soil, and is suitable for fertilization work. An object of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-use fertilizer-supporting non-woven agricultural material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer-supporting nonwoven agricultural material which also has herbicidal properties, insect repellency, heat retention, water retention and the like.

[0009]

The present invention comprises the following. (1) An agricultural material in which a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is carried between at least two short-fiber nonwoven fabrics, wherein one of the short-fiber nonwoven fabrics is composed of a cellulose fiber and a heat-fusible fiber. Become
And a first short-fiber nonwoven fabric fused with the heat-fusible fibers, and the other one is made of cellulose fibers or the cellulose fibers and the heat-fusible fibers; Agricultural characterized in that it is a second short fiber non-woven fabric which is fused or not fused with the heat-fusible fiber, and whose specific volume is larger than the first short fiber non-woven fabric. Materials.

(2) An agricultural material in which a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is carried between at least two short-fiber nonwoven fabrics, wherein one of the short-fiber nonwoven fabrics comprises 60 to 90% by weight of cellulosic fibers. A first short fiber non-woven fabric mixed with 40 to 10% by weight of heat-fusible fibers and fused with the heat-fusible fibers;
The other one is a mixture of 60 to 100% by weight of a cellulose fiber and 40 to 0% by weight of a heat fusible fiber, and is fused or not fused with the heat fusible fiber. And a second short fiber nonwoven fabric having a specific volume larger than that of the first short fiber nonwoven fabric.

(3) The agricultural material as described in any one of (1) and (2) above, wherein the fertilizer with controlled effect is a time-eluting coated fertilizer. (4) The agricultural use according to any one of the above items 1 or 2, wherein the fibers used in the first short fiber nonwoven fabric and / or the second short fiber nonwoven fabric have a fiber length of 2 to 25 mm. Materials.

(5) The second nonwoven fabric has a cellulose fiber content of 15% by weight or more than the first nonwoven fabric and a specific volume of 5 cm more than that of the first nonwoven fabric.
The agricultural material according to any one of the above items 1 to 4, which is at least ³ / g.

(6) The heat-fusible fiber is a composite fiber comprising a low-melting resin and a high-melting resin, and the low-melting resin is a composite fiber forming at least a part of the fiber surface.
Item 4. The agricultural material according to any one of the above items.

(7) The first short-fiber nonwoven fabric is a nonwoven fabric made by a wet papermaking method and has a basis weight of 30 to 60 g / m ² and a specific volume of 4
The agricultural material according to any one of the above items 1 to 6, which has a weight of ³⁰ cm3 / g. (8) The second short fiber non-woven fabric is a non-woven fabric by an air lay method, and has a basis weight of 30 to 60 g / m ² and a specific volume of 9 to 160 c.
Item 8. The agricultural material according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the material is m ³ / g.

(9) The agricultural material according to any one of the above items 1 to 8, which has a tear strength of 50 to 300 g. (10) The agricultural material according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the elongation is 25% or less.

(11) The fertilizer according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is sandwiched between the first short-fiber nonwoven fabric and the second short-fiber nonwoven fabric, joined and integrated.
Agricultural materials described in the item. (12) The agricultural material according to any one of (1) to (11) above, wherein at least one of the first short fiber nonwoven fabric and the second short fiber nonwoven fabric is a colored short fiber nonwoven fabric.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The agricultural material of the present invention is
The fertilizer is of a density gradient type non-woven fabric mainly composed of staple staple fibers, on which a fertilizer effect-controlling fertilizer is carried and integrated. This agricultural material forms a density gradient. That is, a density gradient is formed by unifying both short-fiber nonwoven fabrics by using the first short-fiber nonwoven fabric and the second short-fiber nonwoven fabric having a larger specific volume than the first nonwoven fabric. The first short-fiber nonwoven fabric is preferably a mixture of 60 to 90% by weight of a cellulosic fiber and preferably 40 to 10% by weight of a heat-fusible fiber, and melts with the heat-fusible fiber. It is a non-woven fabric attached.
Each short fiber preferably has a fiber length of about 1.5 to 25 mm, more preferably about 1.6 to 23 mm. The reason for this is to appropriately control the tear strength of the agricultural material to make it easily splittable, and to obtain a uniform nonwoven fabric when the nonwoven fabric is manufactured by a wet papermaking method, an air lay method, or the like.

As the cellulose fibers, pulp, cotton,
Examples include hemp, rayon, coconut fiber, and wood chips. The cellulose fibers are preferable because they have hydrophilicity and are decomposed in a natural environment. Further, as the heat-fusible fiber, a single fiber obtained by spinning a thermoplastic resin or a composite fiber comprising a low-melting thermoplastic resin and a high-melting thermoplastic resin, wherein the low-melting thermoplastic resin is A heat-fusible conjugate fiber forming at least a part of the fiber surface can also be used. Examples of such composite fibers include sheath-core, side-by-side, sea-island, and multi-split composite fibers.

The difference in melting point between the low-melting thermoplastic resin and the high-melting thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited.
Preferably at least 10 ° C., more preferably 10 ° C. to 18
It is preferable to select and use thermoplastic resins having a melting point difference of 0 ° C.

Examples of the thermoplastic resin include high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, delicate low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer of ethylene and another α-olefin, and a copolymer of propylene and another α-olefin. , Polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polybutene-1, nylon-4, nylon-6, nylon-66,
Nylon 11, Nylon-12, Nylon-610, Polymethaxylidene adipamide, Polyparaxylidenedecaneamide, Polyethylene terephthalate, Polytetramethylene terephthalate, Polyethylene oxybenzoate
G, poly 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane terephthalate
And resins such as low-melting polyesters obtained by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate and other isophthalic acids, and the like, polyphenylene sulfide, polymethyl methacrylate, and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.

In the case of a single fiber obtained by spinning a thermoplastic resin, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber and the like can be preferably used.
In addition, high-density polyethylene /
Polypropylene, linear low density polyethylene / polypropylene, propylene-ethylene copolymer / polypropylene, linear low density polyethylene / polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene / polyethylene terephthalate
And composite fibers composed of a combination of thermoplastic resins such as

The fineness of the cellulosic fiber or the heat-fusible fiber is not particularly limited, but the single fiber fineness is about 0.2 to 1000 d / f, preferably about 0.5 to 500 d / f.

Each of the short-fiber nonwoven fabrics is made of
Staple fiber and heat fusible fiber, and then wet papermaking,
A web is prepared by an air lay method or the like, heated to a temperature at which the heat-fusible fibers are fused, and the intersections of the fibers are heat-fused to form a nonwoven fabric. The method of heat fusion may be any of a through-air method, a calendar roll method, an emboss roll method, an ultrasonic method, and the like. Further, the second short fiber nonwoven fabric may not be heat-sealed. Each short fiber non-woven fabric may have a basis weight of about 20 to 500 g / m ² . From the viewpoint of easy splitting, workability, etc., preferably about 30 to 60 g / m
²

The tear strength shows the maximum value among the tear strength in the vertical direction and the tear strength in the horizontal direction when the first and second short-fiber nonwoven fabrics are laminated and the fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is carried. Tear strength of about 50-30
It only needs to be 0 g. That is, when the basis weight of the first short fiber nonwoven fabric and the second short fiber nonwoven fabric are substantially the same, the tear strength of the single nonwoven fabric may be about 150 g or less. The elongation of the nonwoven fabric is preferably about 25% or less in the direction showing the maximum value among the elongation in the vertical direction or the elongation in the horizontal direction in the state of the laminated agricultural material. If the elongation exceeds 25%, the splitting properties are poor.

[0025] The first short-fiber nonwoven fabric preferably has a cellulosic fiber content of 60 to 90% by weight and a heat-fusible fiber of 40 to 10% by weight, more preferably 70 to 90% by weight. 90% by weight, 30 to 10% by weight of heat-fusible fiber
It is. If the cellulosic fiber content is significantly lower than 40% by weight, and if the heat-fusible fiber content is significantly higher than 40% by weight, the splitting property is deteriorated, and the reducibility to soil is poor. The specific volume of the first short fiber non-woven fabric is preferably about 4 to 40 cm ³ / g, more preferably about 4 to ³⁰ cm ³ / g. The specific volume is set in the above range for reasons such as weed control, imparting appropriate air permeability to soil, and imparting water permeability when supplying water. The first short-fiber nonwoven fabric may be one manufactured by any of the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric manufacturing methods.However, in terms of uniformity and processability of the obtained nonwoven fabric, papermaking is preferably performed by a wet papermaking method. It is preferable to perform heat treatment such as heat fusion.

The second short-fiber nonwoven fabric is preferably 100% by weight of a cellulose-based fiber, or 60 to 100% by weight of a cellulose-based fiber and 40 to 0% by weight of a heat-fusible fiber. More preferably, the content of the cellulose fiber is 75 to 100% by weight, and the content of the heat-fusible fiber is 25 to 0% by weight. The second short fiber nonwoven fabric may not be heat-sealed as described above. The cellulose fiber is 6
When the content is significantly lower than 0% by weight and the content of the heat-fusible fiber is significantly higher than 40% by weight, the nonwoven fabric obtained tends to have poor splitting properties and also has poor reducibility to soil. The second short fiber non-woven fabric needs to have a specific volume larger than that of the first short fiber non-woven fabric, and the specific volume is preferably about 9 to 180 cm ³ / g,
More preferably, it is about 9 to 160 cm ³ / g. Further, the difference between the specific volumes may be about 5 cm ³ / g or more. The reason for setting the specific volume to the above range is to improve familiarity with soil,
This is for the purpose of preventing displacement on sloping ground, water retention, imparting appropriate air permeability to soil, and imparting water permeability during water supply.

The second short fiber nonwoven fabric may be manufactured by any of the above nonwoven fabric manufacturing methods.
In terms of the uniformity, bulkiness, workability, and the like of the obtained nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric obtained by subjecting short fibers to a web by air-laying to form a web and heat-treating such as heat fusion is particularly preferable.

The specific volume of the first and second short-fiber nonwoven fabrics is adjusted by producing the nonwoven fabric by the above-described various production methods, measuring the specific volume of the obtained nonwoven fabric, and adjusting based on the knowledge. . For example, since the specific volume tends to be the air-laid nonwoven fabric> wet-papermaking nonwoven fabric, the first nonwoven fabric and the second short nonwoven fabric can be combined by combining nonwoven fabrics having different production methods. The specific volume varies depending on the heat treatment conditions. For example, since there is a tendency of through-air heat treatment> hot emboss treatment> heat calender treatment, it is also possible to combine nonwoven fabrics with different heat treatment conditions. Further, even with the same heat treatment method, it is also possible to combine nonwoven fabrics manufactured by methods having different conditions such as processing temperature and processing pressure.

In the agricultural material of the present invention, at least one kind of fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is supported on the short-fiber nonwoven fabric. That is, a fertilizer obtained by mixing a non-fertilizer-controlling fertilizer such as one or more fertilizer-controlling fertilizers or one or more fertilizer-controlling fertilizers and at least one other known chemical fertilizer with a short fiber nonwoven fabric. It is carried. Fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is a fertilizer in which the dissolution of fertilizing components such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus necessary for the growth of plants is controlled, such as slow-release synthetic organic fertilizer and time-eluting coated fertilizer. And the like. The fertilizer can be used in any of powder and granular forms. Examples of slow-acting synthetic organic fertilizers include acetaldehyde condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, formaldehyde processed urea, oxamide, guanidyl urea and the like.

Time-eluting coated fertilizers include known chemical fertilizers such as thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, mixtures of saccharide polymers or their derivatives and resins, mixtures of thermoplastic resins and inorganic fillers, sulfur and the like. It is covered with a covering material.
Examples of the known chemical fertilizers include single fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium salt, urea, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, lime phosphate, and the like, and chemical compounds obtained by combining two or more of these. Fertilizers and the like are used.

The length of the initial dissolution control period for the time-dissolved coated fertilizer and the like is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the type of crop and cultivation conditions. For example, a time-eluting type coated fertilizer in which the amount of a fertilizing component such as nitrogen dissolved for 30 days is controlled to about 10% by weight or less can be exemplified.

The fertilizer-controlled fertilizer may be a single fertilizer component, a single-eluting function or a single-eluting period fertilizer-controlled fertilizer. The fertilizer may be a mixture of a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer having different components, a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer having a different elution function and a different elution period, and the like. Further, the time-eluting coated fertilizers and the like include insecticides, rodenticides, nematicides, acaricides, plant growth regulators, repellents, attractants, Mg, Ca, Fe, B, Mn,
Molybdenum may be a mixture of a pesticide active ingredient such as Mo, a fertilizer active ingredient and the like in the fertilizer, or a mixture of the fertilizer and the above-mentioned various chemicals.

The amount of fertilizer to be controlled and the form of the fertilizer to be carried in the nonwoven fabric are not particularly limited. The loading amount of the fertilizer is usually about 10 to 1500 g / m ² . As a supporting form, for example, one in which a fertilizer is disposed on a second short fiber nonwoven fabric, and the first nonwoven fabric is joined and integrated with an adhesive or a hot melt adhesive or the like can be exemplified. Examples of the adhesive include adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl acetate, and resin adhesives such as urea resin, phenol resin, and alkyd resin. You can do it.

Examples of the hot melt adhesive include polyvinyl acetate, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, low melting point polyolefin, rosin and its derivatives, terpene resin, petroleum resin and the like.

Further, a fertilizer or the like is disposed on the second short-fiber nonwoven fabric, and after the first nonwoven fabric is laminated, the heat-fusible fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric are integrated by heat fusion after heat treatment. It does not matter. Needle punch method,
It may be integrated by sewing with a thread or the like. Furthermore, only the periphery of the nonwoven fabric may be bonded, or the nonwoven fabric may be bonded in a point-like manner.

From the bottom, the second nonwoven fabric / short fiber and the fertilizer-mixed nonwoven fabric in which the fertilizer is mixed / the first nonwoven fabric are laminated in this order and integrated by bonding or heat fusion. Good. For example, it may be a roll-wound product or a product cut to a desired size. Although the size of the agricultural material of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably rolled with a width of about 0.1 to 5 m from the viewpoint of workability and the like.

The agricultural material of the present invention may have any specific volume difference between the nonwoven fabrics in the state where the fertilizer or the like is supported as described above. More preferred. The difference in the specific volume may be 5 cm ³ / g or more, and the maximum tear strength in the vertical or horizontal direction is preferably about 300 g or less, more preferably about 50 to 300 g. 300g tear strength
If it greatly exceeds, it becomes difficult for humans to tear by hand during construction, and it is necessary to use scissors or a knife to adjust the size.

The agricultural material of the present invention has a specific volume difference when fertilizers and the like are loaded as described above, and has a maximum elongation in the vertical or horizontal direction of 25% or less, preferably about 1%.
It is preferably 5% or less. If this elongation greatly exceeds 25%, at the time of tearing, a fluff-like single fiber in a state where the single fiber is extended without being broken remains, and furthermore, the tearability is poor.

Although the breaking strength of the agricultural material of the present invention is not particularly limited, there is a specific volume difference when the fertilizer is carried as described above, and the minimum strength in the vertical or horizontal direction is about 1 It may be about 0.5 kgf / 5 cm.

The agricultural material of the present invention may be such that the short-fiber nonwoven fabric is colored. For example, it is preferable that the first short-fiber nonwoven fabric is colored black, because the heat retention is improved.

The crops grown using the agricultural material of the present invention are not particularly limited, and include, for example, various crops such as fruit trees such as citrus, seeds such as spinach, and seedlings. Can be summarized. Of course, other, flowers, houseplants,
It can also be applied to trees.

[0042]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. In the following examples, each evaluation was as follows.

(1) Tear strength: length 10 cm, width 5
A 5 cm cut is made with scissors in the center of the short piece of the cm sample. Using a tensile strength tester, the cut ends are fixed to the grips of the tester, and the maximum tear strength is measured at a tensile speed of 10 cm / min. The average value of five values in each of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction was obtained. Unit g.

(2) Tensile strength: A sample having a length of 15 cm and a width of 5 cm was subjected to a tensile strength tester under the conditions of a test length of 10 cm and a tensile speed of 10 cm, and a breaking strength (kgf / 5 cm).
The elongation at break (%) is measured. The average value of five samples was determined in each of the vertical and horizontal directions.

(3) Specific volume: 2.0 g / cm ^{2 for} nonwoven fabric
Where h (mm) is the thickness when a load is applied, and M (g / m ² ) is the specific volume (V) = (h
× 1000) / M. Specific volume (V)
Unit, cm ³ / g.

Example 1 A fertilizer-regulating type fertilizer is provided between two nonwoven fabrics, in which the first short fiber nonwoven fabric is a nonwoven fabric manufactured by a wet method and the second short fiber nonwoven fabric is a nonwoven fabric manufactured by an air lay method. Agricultural materials carrying a time-eluting type coated fertilizer, which is a kind of agriculture, were prepared.
The first short fiber nonwoven fabric has a pulp 50% by weight having a fiber length of about 1 to 12 mm, a single yarn fineness of 2 dtex / f, and a fiber length of 5 mm.
Is mixed with 50% by weight of a polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber composed of high-density polyethylene having a melting point of 132 ° C. and polypropylene having a core part having a melting point of 165 ° C., and papermaking by a wet method, followed by calendering. A heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 125 ° C. to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a width of 90 cm, in which short fibers were heat-sealed with the polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber. This nonwoven fabric had a basis weight of 48 g / m ² and a specific volume of 5.33 cm ³ / g.

The second short fiber non-woven fabric was a 100% by weight pulp non-woven fabric. Using the same pulp used for the first short fiber nonwoven fabric, a web was manufactured by the air lay method,
It was consolidated at a temperature of 143 ° C. using a calendar roll.
This heat treatment increased the density and made a nonwoven fabric. The obtained nonwoven fabric has a width of 90 cm, a basis weight of 53 g / m ² and a specific volume of 20.3.
The weight was 8 cm ³ / g.

On the second short fiber nonwoven fabric, a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer containing nitrogen as a fertilizer component and a compound fertilizer mixed with another non-fertilizer-controlling fertilizer were sprayed. This fertilizer was a time-eluting type coated fertilizer coated with polyolefin resin (product of Chitso Corporation, LP coat, particle size about 3-5 mm)). Organic-LP composite 6 mixed with this time-eluting type coated fertilizer and other non-fertilizer controlling fertilizer
00 · BD85 (16-10-10) (nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
0.1% of compound fertilizer of potash, granular, product of Chitso Corporation
6 kg / m ² , and a small amount of a polyvinyl acetate adhesive. Immediately, the first short-fiber nonwoven fabric is laminated on the surface where the adhesive is applied.
The roll was heat-treated to obtain an agricultural material of the present invention having a width of 90 cm in the form of a roll.

In this agricultural material, the first short fiber nonwoven fabric had a specific volume of 4.27 cm ³ / g, and the second short fiber nonwoven fabric had a specific volume of 12.19 cm ³ / g. The tear strength was 226 g in the vertical direction and 298 g in the horizontal direction, and the breaking strength and elongation in the vertical direction were 13.35 kgf / 5c, respectively.
m and 5.47%, and the breaking strength and elongation in the transverse direction were 4.70 kgf / 5 cm and 10.26%, respectively.

Example 2 As a first nonwoven fabric of short fibers, 85% by weight of pulp, 2.8 dtex / f of single yarn, and a sheath component having a fiber length of 8 mm and a core component of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a melting point of 120 ° C. Was mixed with 15% by weight of a polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber composed of polypropylene having a melting point of 165 ° C., and paper-making was performed by a wet method in the same manner as in Example 1;
Heat treatment was performed at 8 ° C., and a nonwoven fabric in which short fibers were fused with the polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber was used. This nonwoven fabric has a width of 90 cm, a basis weight of 45 g / m ² , and a specific volume of 5.87 cm ³ /
g.

As the second short fiber nonwoven fabric, 95% by weight of the same pulp as used in the first short fiber nonwoven fabric and 5% by weight of the polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber having a single yarn fineness of 2.8 d / f were mixed. In the same manner as in Example 1, a web was manufactured by the air lay method, heat-treated at a temperature of 135 ° C. by the air-through method, and a nonwoven fabric fused with the heat-fusible conjugate fiber was used. This nonwoven fabric has a width of 90 cm, a basis weight of 51 g / m ² , and a specific volume of 52.1.
It was 3 cm ³ / g.

Example 1 was placed on the second short fiber nonwoven fabric.
The same time-eluting type coated fertilizer as used for 0.08 kg /
m ² , and a small amount of the same adhesive as in Example 1 was sprayed thereon. Immediately, the first short fiber nonwoven fabric was laminated on the surface on which the adhesive was sprayed, and the temperature was adjusted using a calendar roll. 1
Treated at 00 ° C., and the surface of the first non-woven woven fabric is rolled.
The agricultural material of the present invention, which was colored black by the rutatsu method and had a width of 90 cm, was obtained in the form of a roll.

In this agricultural material, the specific volume of the first short fiber nonwoven fabric was 5.44 cm ³ / g, and the specific volume of the second short fiber nonwoven fabric was 14.62 cm ³ / g. The tear strength was 83 g in the vertical direction and 202 g in the horizontal direction, and the breaking strength and elongation in the vertical direction were 8.12 kgf / 5 cm, respectively.
At 6.67%, the breaking strength and elongation in the transverse direction are each 3.
82 kgf / 5 cm, 8.1%.

Example 3 As the first nonwoven fabric of short fibers, the same pulp as in Example 1 was used at 70% by weight, the fineness of single yarn was 1.8 dtex / f, and the fiber length was 5
The sheath component of mm is a linear low density polyethylene having a melting point of 125 ° C, and the core component is polyethylene terephthalate having a melting point of 257 ° C.
And 30% by weight of a polyolefin-polyethylene terephthalate-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber consisting of the same as described in Example 1. After paper-making by the wet method as in Example 1 above, using a calender roll at a temperature of 112 ° C. Heat-treated, a nonwoven fabric in which short fibers were fused with the polyolefin-polyester heat-fusible conjugate fiber was used. This nonwoven fabric has a width of 90 cm and a basis weight of 52 g /
m ² and specific volume 8.26 cm ³ / g.

As the second short fiber nonwoven fabric, 90% by weight of the same pulp as used in the first short fiber nonwoven fabric, and 10% by weight of the polyolefin-polyester heat-fusible conjugate fiber having a single yarn fineness of 1.8 d / f % Of Example 1
A web was manufactured by the air lay method in the same manner as described above, heat-treated at a temperature of 140 ° C. by the air-slurry method, and a non-woven fabric heat-sealed with heat-fusible conjugate fibers was used. This non-woven fabric has a width of 90 cm and a basis weight of 8
The specific volume was 4.1 g / m ² and the specific volume was 48.10 cm ³ / g.

The same time-eluting type coated fertilizer as in Example 1 was sprayed uniformly on the second short fiber nonwoven fabric at a rate of 1.0 kg / m ² , and a small amount of the same adhesive as in Example 1 was sprayed. Immediately, the first short fiber nonwoven fabric was laminated on the surface sprayed with the adhesive, and the temperature was adjusted to 1 by using a calendar roll.
Heat treatment was carried out at 05 ° C. to obtain a roll of the agricultural material of the present invention having a width of 90 cm.

In this agricultural material, the specific volume of the first short fiber nonwoven fabric was 7.71 cm ³ / g, and the specific volume of the second short fiber nonwoven fabric was 30.26 cm ³ / g. The tear strength was 172 g in the longitudinal direction and 222 g in the transverse direction, and the breaking strength and elongation in the longitudinal direction were 9.22 kgf / 5 cm, respectively.
At 5.23%, the breaking strength and elongation in the transverse direction are each 4.
The weight was 10 kgf / 5 cm and 5.52%.

Example 4 As the first nonwoven fabric of short fibers, the single yarn fineness was 2.0 dtex /
f, 35% by weight of a rayon having a fiber length of 5 mm, 80% by weight of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a single fiber fineness of 2.0 dtex / f, a fiber length of 10 mm, a sheath component having a melting point of 125 ° C. and a low-density polyethylene 20 And a core component made of polypropylene having a melting point of 164 ° C., and 65% by weight of a polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber. The paper is made by a wet method as in Example 1 and then calendered. And heat-treated at 118 ° C. using a non-woven fabric in which short fibers were heat-sealed with the polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber.
This nonwoven fabric had a width of 90 cm, a basis weight of 51 g / m ² , and a specific volume of 5.01 cm ³ / g.

As the second nonwoven fabric, 92% by weight of the same pulp as used in the first nonwoven fabric and 8% by weight of the polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber having a single yarn fineness of 2.0 dtex / f were used. And a web was manufactured by the air lay method in the same manner as in Example 1, and the temperature was adjusted to 130 ° C. by the air slur method.
A non-woven fabric which was heat-treated at ℃ and fused with a heat-fusible conjugate fiber was used. This nonwoven fabric has a width of 90 cm and a basis weight of 55 g / m.
² , the specific volume was 88.2 cm ³ / g.

On the second short fiber nonwoven fabric, a CDU (nitrogen component 31) of Chitso Co., Ltd.
(Weight%) and other fertilizing ingredients are mixed and granulated, and the same CDU chemical (average particle size of about 3 to 5 mm, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium as an active ingredient) is uniformly sprayed at 0.15 kg / m ² , Further, a small amount of a rosin-based hot melt is sprayed, and a first short-fiber nonwoven fabric is laminated on the surface of the hot melt on the spray side, at a temperature of 138 ° C.
The agricultural material of the present invention having a width of 90 cm was obtained in a roll form.

In this agricultural material, the first short fiber nonwoven fabric had a specific volume of 4.99 cm ³ / g, and the second short fiber nonwoven fabric had a specific volume of 70.1 cm ³ / g. The tear strength was 101 g in the vertical direction and 190 g in the horizontal direction, and the breaking strength and elongation in the vertical direction were 9.55 kgf / 5c, respectively.
m and 7.52%, and the breaking strength and elongation in the transverse direction were 6.38 kgf / 5 cm and 6.11%, respectively.

Comparative Example 1 As a nonwoven fabric, a long-fiber nonwoven fabric having a single yarn fineness of 3.0 dtex / f manufactured by a polypropylene spunbond method was used. This non-woven fabric is hot-embossed and bonded to a fabric weight of 48 g /
It was a nonwoven fabric having an m ² of specific volume of 10.2 cm ³ / g. 160 g of composite fertilizer (fertilizer obtained by mixing ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and potassium phosphate each in 1/1/1) on the long fiber nonwoven fabric.
g / m ² , and a small amount of rosin-based hot melt is further sprayed. The long-fiber nonwoven fabric is laminated on the surface of the hot melt on the spray side, and is heat-treated at a temperature of 95 ° C. using a calendar roll. , Length〇〇cm, width 90cm
Was obtained in the form of a roll.

In this agricultural material, the specific volume of the first long-fiber nonwoven fabric was 9.6 cm ³ / g, and the specific volume of the second long-fiber nonwoven fabric was 9.7 cm ³ / g. The tear strength was 1560 g in the vertical direction and 1620 g in the horizontal direction, and the breaking strength and the elongation in the vertical direction were 18.5 kgf / 5 cm, respectively.
At 6.5%, the breaking strength and elongation in the transverse direction are each 16.
The weight was 2 kgf / 5 cm and 48.8%.

Comparative Example 2 As a first short fiber nonwoven fabric, 100% by weight of a polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber was paper-formed by a wet method in the same manner as in Example 1 and then heat-treated at 122 ° C. in a calender roll. Non-woven fabric was used. The short fiber used in the production of this nonwoven fabric was a sheath-core composite fiber having a single yarn fineness of 3.0 dtex / f, a fiber length of 10 mm, a high-density polyethylene sheath component, and a polypropylene core component. The obtained nonwoven fabric was a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 51 g / m ² , a specific volume of 5.53 cm ³ / g, and a width of 90 cm.

As the second short fiber nonwoven fabric, an air-laid nonwoven fabric comprising 100% by weight of the polyolefin-based heat-fusible conjugate fiber was used. This non-woven fabric was heat-treated at a temperature of 140 ° C. by a through-air method, and was a non-woven fabric in which fibers were fused.
cm, basis weight 50 g / m ² , specific volume 72.1 cm ³ / g
Non-woven fabric.

On the second short fiber non-woven fabric, the comparative example 1
Spray 160 g / m ^{2 of the} same granular compound fertilizer as used in the above, and spray a small amount of polyvinyl acetate binder.
Then, the first nonwoven fabric is laminated on the surface on which the binder is sprayed, and the temperature is adjusted to 105 ° C. by using a calendar roll.
A heat treatment was performed at a temperature of 90 ° C. to obtain a 90 cm-wide agricultural material carrying a fertilizer in a roll form.

The obtained agricultural material has a specific volume of the first nonwoven fabric of 4.98 cm ³ / g and a specific volume of the second nonwoven fabric of 2
It was 4.33 cm ³ / g. The tear strength was 502 g in the vertical direction and 821 g in the horizontal direction, and the breaking strength and elongation in the vertical direction were 15.8 kgf / 5 cm and 33.2, respectively.
%, The transverse breaking strength and elongation are each 13.3 kg.
f / 5 cm, 38.5%.

Cultivation Test 1 A cultivation test was carried out on three citrus plants planted in a hill field using the agricultural material of the present invention. About 20 fields
It was a slope with a gradient of degrees. Many citrus fruits were planted at an interval of about 3 m in this field. The citrus fruits used in the test had a tree height of about 3 m.

The weeds around the three test citrus fruits were weeded, and two agricultural materials having a width of 90 cm obtained in Example 1 were used to cover the field so as to sandwich the tree from both sides. The material is about 5
cm. During this operation, a portion corresponding to the vicinity of the root of the tree was torn by hand to provide a space having a diameter of about 35 cm in order to prevent the fertilizer from directly contacting the vicinity of the root and preventing fertilization and burning. The tearability by hand was easy. In this state, the growth state of fruits, leaves, etc. was observed for 5 months. In addition, weeds and other overgrowth conditions were also observed.

During this period, the growing condition of the fruits and leaves was good, the weeds did not grow around the trees, and the weeding work was unnecessary. Also, during this period, it was confirmed that there was no turning over, slippage, or the like due to the wind and rain of the agricultural material, and that the agricultural material was familiar with the soil.

After 5 months, the material was peeled off, torn by hand into small pieces, and spontaneously decomposed in a field. At this time, tearing by hand was easy.

In the field, in the case of cultivation of citrus fruits by the conventional method without using the agricultural material of the present invention, three fertilization operations were required within a period of five months. During this period, weeding work was required five times.

Cultivation test 2 A cultivation test was carried out on five citrus plants planted in a flat field using the agricultural material of the present invention. This field has about 2.
Many citrus plants were planted at an interval of 8 m. The citrus fruits used in the test had a tree height of about 2.4 m.

The area around three test citrus fruits was weeded, and two agricultural materials having a width of 90 cm obtained in Example 2 were used to cover the field so as to sandwich the tree from both sides. The material is about 5
cm. During this operation, a portion corresponding to the vicinity of the root of the tree was torn by hand to provide a space having a diameter of about 25 cm in order to prevent the fertilizer from directly contacting the vicinity of the root and preventing fertilization and burning. The tearability by hand was easy. In this state, the growth state of fruits, leaves, etc. was observed for 5 months. In addition, weeds and other overgrowth conditions were also observed.

During this period, the growth condition of the fruits and leaves was good, the weeds did not grow around the trees, and no weeding work was required. During this period, due to the wind and rain on agricultural materials,
There was no shift, and it was confirmed that the agricultural material was familiar with the soil. After the elapse of the above-mentioned May, the material was peeled off, torn by hand into small pieces, and subjected to natural decomposition treatment in a field. At this time, tearing by hand was easy.

In the above-mentioned field, in the case of cultivation of citrus fruits by the conventional method without using the agricultural material of the present invention, three fertilization operations were required within a period of 5 months. Also, four weeding operations were required during this period.

Cultivation test 3 In the same field as cultivation test 1, the width 9 obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used.
A cultivation test was performed on two citrus fruits in the same manner as in the cultivation test 1 using a 0 cm agricultural material. The overlap portion of the two materials was also 5 cm in width as in the cultivation test 1. When constructing agricultural materials, it was impossible to create a space by tearing the pertinent portion near the root of citrus by hand. Inevitably, cut off the material with scissors and use a diameter of 3 near the root.
A space of 5 cm was provided.

A cultivation test for 5 months is scheduled, but after the construction,
On a day, the agricultural material was displaced by rain and wind. After the material was restored to the correct position, 29 days after construction, the material was again significantly displaced by rain and wind. It was judged impossible to continue the test, the material was removed, and the test was stopped. This material could not be torn into small pieces by hand, and it did not contain cellulose fibers and did not decompose in soil, so that it could not be naturally decomposed in the field.

[0079]

According to the agricultural material of the present invention, since the fertilizer-controlling type fertilizer is carried on the nonwoven fabric, it is effective only once, and does not require many fertilizing operations. In addition, since a cellulose-based short fiber and a heat-fusible short fiber are used to form a density gradient type structure, when the nonwoven fabric side having a large specific volume is used as a soil surface, it may be applied to soil. It fits well and does not turn over due to weather. In addition, since there is water retention, water supply work can be reduced. In addition, it has high breaking strength, and has good shape retention and handleability. Further, the one in which the tear strength is set to a specific range using short fibers can be easily torn by a human hand, and the workability is good. Moreover, since the cellulose-based short fiber is used, it can be reduced to soil. Further, the agricultural material of the present invention has a herbicidal property, a heat retaining property and the like, so that labor saving of work, growth of plants, and the like are favorable.

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Claims (12)

[Claims] An agricultural material having a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer between at least two short-fiber nonwoven fabrics, wherein one of the short-fiber nonwoven fabrics is composed of a cellulose fiber and a heat-fusible fiber. And the first short fiber nonwoven fabric fused with the heat-fusible fiber, and the other one is made of cellulose-based fibers or the cellulose fibers and the heat-fusible fibers. And is fused or not fused with the heat-fusible fiber,
An agricultural material characterized by being a second short fiber nonwoven fabric having a specific volume larger than that of the first short fiber nonwoven fabric. 2. An agricultural material having a fertilizer-controlling fertilizer between at least two short-fiber nonwoven fabrics, wherein one of the short-fiber nonwoven fabrics comprises 60 to 90% by weight of a cellulose-based fiber; A first short fiber nonwoven fabric mixed with 40 to 10% by weight of heat fusible fibers and fused with the heat fusible fibers;
The sheet is prepared by mixing 60 to 100% by weight of the cellulosic fiber and 40 to 0% by weight of the heat fusible fiber and being fused or not fused with the heat fusible fiber. An agricultural material characterized by being a second short fiber nonwoven fabric having a larger volume than the first short fiber nonwoven fabric. 3. The agricultural material according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer for controlling the fertilizer effect is a time-eluting coated fertilizer. 4. The fiber used in the first short fiber nonwoven fabric and / or the second short fiber nonwoven fabric has a fiber length of 2 to 25 m.
m or m.
Agricultural materials described in the item. 5. The second short fiber nonwoven fabric has a cellulose fiber content of 15% by weight or more than the first short fiber nonwoven fabric,
And the specific volume is 5 cm ³ / g more than the first nonwoven fabric.
The agricultural material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is larger than the above. 6. The fiber according to claim 1, wherein the heat-fusible fiber is a composite fiber comprising a low-melting resin and a high-melting resin, wherein the low-melting resin forms at least a part of the fiber surface. Agricultural material as described. 7. The first short fiber non-woven fabric is a nonwoven fabric made by a wet papermaking method, having a basis weight of 30 to 60 g / m ² and a specific volume of 4 to ³⁰ cm ^3.
The agricultural material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the amount is / g. 8. The second short fiber nonwoven fabric is an air-laid nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 30 to 60 g / m ² and a specific volume of 9 to 160 c.
m ³ / g and agricultural material of any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The agricultural material according to claim 1, which has a tear strength of 50 to 300 g. 10. The agricultural material according to claim 1, which has an elongation of 25% or less. 11. The agriculture according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the fertilizer-controlling fertilizer is sandwiched between the first short-fiber nonwoven fabric and the second short-fiber nonwoven fabric, and joined and integrated. Materials. 12. The agricultural material according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first short-fiber nonwoven fabric and the second short-fiber nonwoven fabric is a colored short-fiber nonwoven fabric.