JP2000198117A - Apparatus and method for treatment of composite material waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a method for treatment wherein a composite material waste containing plastics is easily separated into plastics and metals by a comparatively less energy. SOLUTION: An apparatus for treatment of composite material waste is provided with a melting room 102 for maintaining the composite material waste 201 containing plastics at a softening, fusing on thermally-decomposing temperature or higher, and a roll group 110 comprising a plurality of rolls 110a contained in a lower part of the melting room 102 in a vertical direction, and each of the rolls 110a... is rotated in the same direction around an axis. since the melting room is provided, plastics are melted. Further, since the group of rolls 110 are provided, the molten plastics are separated from the other parts.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for treating composite waste, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for treating composite waste containing plastics.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Composite waste containing plastics includes refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, various home electric appliances such as televisions, personal computers, office automation equipment, and various office equipments such as copiers. Many devices such as telephones and other communication devices, automobiles, scooters and other vehicles have become waste. In many cases, such waste is assembled by wrapping metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum with plastics.

Heretofore, when recycling the constituent materials of these composite wastes, the wastes have been crushed, the constituent materials have been fragmented, valuable resources have been collected, and the rest has been disposed of in landfills.

[0004]

According to the above conventional method, a large amount of energy is required for crushing and shredding, and a small amount of copper is added to iron in the process of crushing and shredding. It tends to mix, and a small amount of iron tends to mix with copper,
Both reduce value. In the case of a refrigerator, CFCs contained as a foaming agent in the heat insulating material are released into the atmosphere when crushed. In addition, there was a problem that the number of landfill sites decreased.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method for easily separating plastics and metals from composite wastes containing plastics with relatively little energy.

[0006]

To achieve the above object, a composite waste treatment apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. , A melting chamber 102 that maintains the temperature above the temperature at which the plastics soften, melt, or pyrolyze
And a roll group 110 including a plurality of rolls 110a to 110 installed vertically below the melting chamber 102; each of the plurality of rolls 110a to rotate in the same direction. Each of the plurality of rolls 110a to 110a of the roll group 110 rotates in the same direction around the axis, and the cross-sectional shape cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis may be circular around the axis, but may be non-circular or Preferably, it is formed in an eccentric circular shape.

[0007] With this configuration, the plastics are softened, melted or thermally decomposed because of the provision of the melting chamber, and the rolls 110 are provided so that the melted plastics and other parts are separated.

[0008] In particular, as described in claim 2, the roll 11
If 0a ~ is formed to have a plurality of flanges formed in a non-circular or eccentric circular cross section in the axial direction, the effect of separation is further enhanced.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the composite waste disposal apparatus according to the second aspect, the tip of the flange of one of the adjacent rolls of the roll group is connected to the other roll. It is good to arrange | position so that it may oppose the front-end | tip of the flange-shaped part of this, or may oppose the clearance gap between the flange-shaped parts of the other roll. When the tip of the flange of one roll is opposed to the gap of the other flange, the flange is formed smaller than the width of the gap, the flange is inserted into the gap, and You may wrap the flange-shaped part of the matching rolls.

[0010] Also, as described in claim 4, claim 1
In the composite waste processing apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 3, the roll group 110 may be configured to be used as a transport apparatus that transports the composite waste 201. Since it is not necessary to provide a separate transport device, the equipment is simplified, and the overall height of the device can be reduced.

In order to achieve the above object, a method for treating a composite material waste according to a fifth aspect of the present invention comprises heating a composite material waste containing plastics as shown in FIG.
The method is characterized in that a melt and a non-combustible material resulting from the heating are separated using a group of rolls rotating in the same direction.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding members are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals, and duplicate description is omitted.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a composite waste treatment apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a melting chamber 102 for softening or melting plastic while holding a composite material 201 containing plastics such as a refrigerator, a washing machine, an air conditioner, and a television in an atmosphere of a predetermined temperature is surrounded by a furnace wall. It is configured. Along the moving direction of the waste 201, in front of the melting chamber 102,
A front chamber 101 as a sealing chamber and a rear chamber 103 as a sealing chamber are provided behind the melting chamber.
A door 105a (not shown) is provided on the front side (waste entrance side) of
A door 105b is provided between the front chamber 101 and the melting chamber 102.
A door 105c is provided between the melting chamber 102 and the rear chamber 103,
A door 105d is provided on the rear side (the waste outlet side) of the rear room 103.
Is provided. Further, the rear room 1 is opened by the door 105d.
A desk room 104 separated from the rear room 103 is provided behind the rear room 103.

As described above, the front room 101, the melting room 102, the rear room 103, and the desk room 104 are separated from each other by the door.
It is configured as a tunnel as a whole. The door has a structure that can be opened and closed vertically. Further, a transport device 106 for transporting the composite material waste, which is an object to be processed, is laid under the chambers from the front room through the desk room. The transporting device 106 is a kind of roller conveyor in which rotation axes perpendicular to the moving direction of the composite material waste to be processed are arranged in parallel at a constant pitch of, for example, about 500 mm. The diameter of the roller is, for example, about 60 mm.
The doors 105a to 105d are configured to be able to open and close by passing between adjacent rollers.

The object 201 to be processed is placed on a pallet 202 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cross-sectional shape in which a U-shape of a katakana is turned down as shown in a cross section in FIG.
Rollers 106a, b arranged in the order of the transport device 106,
f, g, and are configured to move from the front room 101 through the desk room 104 by rotation of the rollers. The front room 101 and the rear room 10
3. The desk room 104 has a length in the moving direction that can exactly accommodate one pallet 202, and the melting chamber 102 has a length in the moving direction that can accommodate two pallets 202.
However, depending on the processing scale, the melting chamber stores one pallet 202
Any number or more may be accommodated. The object to which the present invention can be applied includes waste of products made of plastics (including fiber-reinforced plastics).

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 (as viewed from the moving direction). In the figure, a pallet 202 on which a processing object 201 is placed has rollers 106a to 106f.
It is listed in The roller 106f penetrates the side wall of the melting chamber 102, and a bearing 107f installed outside the melting chamber 102 supports the roller 106f on both sides of the melting chamber 102. The rollers 106a to 106f are rotating driving devices (not shown) and rotate independently or synchronously while being supported by bearings 107a to 107f. When the rollers rotate separately, the transport device 1
06, the pallet 202 and thus the object 201 can be transported at different speeds.
The pallet 202 inside the melting chamber 102 can be moved even though the pallet 202 inside the pallet is stationary. When the rollers rotate synchronously, all pallets can be transported simultaneously at the same speed or at a predetermined relative speed.

The entire lower part of the melting chamber 102 in the vertical direction and the lower part of the conveying device 106 are open. Further below the opening, a separation chamber 108 is formed. Separation chamber 108
As shown in the AA arrow view of FIG.
Hopper 1 that collects falling objects from the center from the left and right side walls
09 is provided vertically below. In the space above the hopper 109 and below the conveying device 106, a rotary separator 110 as a group of rolls is provided with a roll 110a as a component part.
are provided. Each roll 110
a, b, c ... are rollers 106a, b, c ...
Has a rotation axis parallel to the rotation axis of the roller 106a,
Like b, c,..., they are arranged in the moving direction of the processing object 201. Among the plurality of rolls, for example, the roll 110f
Is mounted on a rotating shaft 111f. The rotating shaft 111f penetrates a side wall of the separation chamber 108, and is supported on both sides by bearings 112f provided outside the separation chamber 108. The other roles are the same. Rolls 110a-11
0f... Are synchronized with the bearing portions 112a to 112f.
While being supported by the rotary drive unit (not shown).

The roll group 110 has a gentle inclination of −5 ° to 15 ° as a whole in the moving direction of the workpiece. Here, that the inclination is −5 °, that is, a negative angle toward the moving direction, means that the inclination is extremely gentle. When the slope is a positive slope, that is, a downward slope, the rotation direction of the rolls 110a to 110f... If so, the object to be processed slides down the roll group during movement, so the upper limit is about 15 °. Further, if the upward slope is too large, it becomes difficult to move the workpiece by the rotation of the roll.
° is the limit.

When the rolls 110a to 110f are viewed in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, as shown in FIG.
6f (in the example of FIG. 6A, 14
10f1 to 110f14) are arranged in the rotation axis direction at an interval L2. Flanges 110f1 to 110f
If the pitch of 14 is L3, then L3 = L1 + L2. As an example, L1 = 28 mm, L2 = 32
mm, L3 = 60 mm, and when there are 11 flanges, the dimension L4 between the flange 110f1 and the end of the flange 110f14 is L4 = 60 × 13 + 28 = 808 mm
Becomes

Next, when the rolls 110a to 110f... Are viewed in the direction of the rotation axis, FIGS. 6B, 7A and 7B
It is formed in a non-circular shape as shown in FIG. 7C or an eccentric circular shape as shown in FIG. 7D. The non-circular shape is shown in FIG.
As shown in (c), the outermost contour D1 of the collar portion of the roll 110a, for example, does not ride on the pitch circle D2 drawn around the rotation center O of the roll 110a, so to speak, the pitch circle D2.
Refers to a shape having a protruding portion T projecting from the outside. Since the contour does not ride on the pitch circle, it may be a quadrangle (square) having a centroid at the center of rotation as shown in FIG. 6B, for example, or a triangle (regular triangle) having a centroid at the center of rotation. Or other polygons, and each side of these polygons may be formed not only by a straight line but also by a curved line. If the sides are curved, they can no longer be said to be polygons, but can be viewed as pseudopolygons. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the curve is preferably an arc centered on a point other than the center of rotation of the roll.

FIG. 6B shows a specific example of the square rolls. The length W1 of each roll is about 3 mm.
The distance W2 between the rotating shafts is about 350 mm, the diameter d1 of each collar is about 250 mm, and the diameter d2 of the rotating shaft 111f is about 150 mm. In this embodiment, the rotation phase difference between the flanges is 90 degrees, and the distance between the rotating tip of the flange and the circular collar is about 73 mm at the maximum and about 10 mm at the minimum.

When the rolls are viewed from the direction of the rotation axis, the rolls may have the same rotational phase as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, or may be shifted from each other as shown in FIG. You may. When the phases are matched, the gap between the ends of the flange portions of the opposing rolls is always substantially constant. FIG. 8 shows a case where the shape of the collar portion is the same (similar) as that of the roll. When the shape of the collar is the same as that of the roll and the rotation phases are matched, the gap between the tip of the roll and the outer diameter of the collar becomes substantially constant regardless of the rotation angle.

Referring to FIG. 9, the relationship between the flanges of adjacent rolls will be described. FIG. 9A shows two rolls viewed in the rotation axis direction of the rolls. 9 (b) and 9 (c)
FIG. 3 is a partial view of the roll as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, that is, from above in a vertical direction. FIG. 9 shows adjacent rolls.
As shown in FIG. 9B, the tip of one flange is opposed to the tip of the other collar, or as shown in FIG. 9C, one flange is opposed to the other collar. So that

When the ends of the flanges are opposed to each other as shown in FIG. 9 (b), the interval c1 between the opposed flanges in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis is set as shown in FIG. 9 (a). When the rotational phase difference between them is set to zero, they are substantially constant during rotation. Alternatively, it may be said that the polygonal side curve is formed such that the interval c1 is substantially constant. FIG. 9 shows a case of a triangle. In this way, when the interval c1 is configured to be substantially constant, the interval between the collar portions and the interval between the flange portions are also constant. It will fall, and the molten plastic will also fall.

Even when the flanges face each other as shown in FIG. 9B, the rotational phase difference between adjacent rolls is not zero as shown in FIG. 7C (for example, 45 ° or 60 °).
), The interval W1 changes. At this time, the gap between the collars in the gap is constant, but the gap between the flanges varies greatly, so that the collars scraping off the plastic attached to the flanges, or scraping up the plastic. Can be.

When the collar portion and the collar portion correspond to each other as shown in FIG. 9C, the distance W2 between the collar portion and the collar portion between adjacent rolls changes. This is the same regardless of whether the phases of rotation between the adjacent rolls match as shown in FIG. 7B or the phases are shifted as shown in FIG. Therefore, the plastic adhered to the roll, particularly adhered so as to fill the gap between the flanges, can be extruded and scraped off by the pump action due to the change in the interval c2.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, the collar-shaped portion and the collar portion of the roll are made to have a similar shape of a tapered shape, and FIG.
When the collar portion and the collar portion of the roll are arranged so as to face each other as shown in FIG.
No. 2 is always constant during rotation, and there is no trouble of biting a metal such as a bolt.

In the case where the collar portion and the collar portion of the roll are arranged so as to face each other as shown in FIGS. 9 (d) and 10, the distance between the rotation axes of the rolls is reduced and one roll is formed. You may comprise so that the collar part of a roll may enter between the collar parts of the adjacent roll.

Referring to FIG. 9 (d), when the flange portion of one roll enters between the flange portions of the adjacent rolls, that is, the flange portions are wrapped (shafts). The case where they overlap when viewed from the direction will be described. The flange-shaped portion has a triangular shape, that is, a conical shape, and the collar portion has a circular shape. Adjacent rolls rotate in synchronization with each other. In the figure, since the flange portions overlap each other, the distance c1 between the distal ends of the flange portions may be considered to be a negative value. In the case where the wrap is provided, it is particularly preferable that the shape of the flange is a triangle. In one embodiment, the outermost diameter (diameter of a circle passing through the apex of the triangle) of the flange portion is 430 mm, and the interval between the axes of adjacent rolls (axial interval) is 350 mm. That is, the outermost diameter of the flange is 1.23 times the shaft interval. This ratio should be between 1.0 and
The ratio may be 1.8 times, preferably 1.1 to 1.4 times.

The gap in the thickness direction between the wrapped flanges is called a side clearance c3. The side clearances c3 are preferably equal to each other in the axial direction of the roll (the thickness direction of the flange portion). At that time, the side clearance C1 is half of the difference between the thickness L2 of the collar portion and the thickness L1 of the flange portion. That is, c3 = (L2-L
1) / 2. The smaller the side clearance c3 is, the smaller the amount of metal that falls is preferable. However, in order to avoid difficulties in assembling and in consideration of thermal deformation during operation, it is set to 5 mm in one embodiment. The side clearance c3 is preferably set to 2 to 15 mm. Most preferably, it is about 5 mm.

The size of the collar portion and the collar portion as viewed from the axial direction will be described. As shown in FIG. 7 (b), when the shape of the collar is triangular (ie, conical shape) and the collar is circular, the outer shape of the collar of the one roll and the collar of the adjacent roll are different from each other. Is set to 5 to 50 mm (when the top is on a line connecting the centers of rotation of both rolls).

As shown in FIG. 8 (b), when both the collar and the collar are triangular (diaper shape), the radius R1 of the base of the collar and the radius R2 of the collar of the collar are different. Is 1.1 to 2.0, preferably 1.1 to 1.3. In one embodiment, the radius R1 is 372.4 mm,
The radius R2 is 315 mm and the axis interval is 350 mm. The ratio between R1 and R2 in this case is 1.18. In addition, it is preferable that the center of the radius R1 of the bottom of the diaper of the flange portion and the center of the radius R2 of the diaper of the collar portion substantially coincide with the vertex of the diaper of the collar, but the present invention is not limited to this. is not.

As shown in FIG. 2, two oppositely formed screws are combined at the bottom of the center of the separation chamber 108, that is, at the bottom of the center where the falling objects are collected by the hopper 109. A twin screw conveyor 113 is provided. The screw conveyor 113 usually rotates so as to move a falling object in one direction and send it out of the separation chamber 108. In addition, the screw conveyor 113 is
One axis may be used.

The operation of the processing apparatus 100 thus configured will be described below with reference to FIG. The workpiece 201 placed on the pallet 202 is first opened by the opened door 105.
Through a, the vehicle enters the front chamber 101 in accordance with the rotation of each roller of the transport device 106. When the pallet 202 has completely entered the front room 101, the transport device 106 stops temporarily. At this time, the door 105b is closed. Next, after closing the door 105a, the door 105b is opened. Then, the transport device 106 starts moving again, and the pallet 202 is guided into the melting chamber 102. Pallet 202 is in melting chamber 10
At the end of the first half of 2, the transport device 106 stops temporarily. Then, the door 105b is closed. In this way, the melting chamber 102 is sealed by the door 105a or the door 105b or both doors during operation.
There is no direct communication with the outside air.

The inside of the melting chamber 102 is maintained at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the plastics of the composite waste 201 containing the plastics to be treated are softened, melted or thermally decomposed. Softening or melting or falling off due to thermal decomposition starts.

After a predetermined time has elapsed, the transport device 106
Is operated again, and the pallet 202 advances to the second half of the melting chamber together with the object 201 placed thereon. As described above, the next pallet carries the next object to be processed in the first half of the melting chamber vacated by the advance of the pallet 202, and from the front chamber 101 through the opened door 105b, as described above.
In the first half of 2

Here, the transport device 106 is once again stopped, and the object to be processed is maintained at the atmospheric temperature of the melting chamber for a predetermined time. At this time, in the melting chamber,
Two of the objects to be processed which have entered the first half are held in the melting chamber 102. In this case, the predetermined time is a time required for the plastics constituting the object to be processed to almost fall off. Therefore, the plastics almost completely fall off while being held in the first half and the second half.

Thereafter, the door 105c is opened, through which the pallet 202 is moved by the action of the transport device 106.
It is sent to 03. At this time, the door 105d is closed. When the pallet 202 has completely entered the rear chamber 103, the transport device 106 stops temporarily, and the door 105c closes. Next, the door 105c opens, the transport device 106 operates, and the pallet 202 is sent into the desk room 104. In the desk room 104, plastics remaining on the object to be processed or products generated by thermal decomposition of the plastics due to blasting, vibration, scraping, etc. are completely separated from the main body of the object to be processed, which is mainly made of metal. I do.
Alternatively, air blowing may be partially performed in the rear chamber 103 and then blasted in the desk room 104, or the desk room 1
The air blow may be performed only in the rear chamber 103 instead of in the air chamber 04. As described above, the plurality of objects to be processed are continuously sent on the transporting device 106, and are stopped once at the front chamber 101 and the melting chamber 102 to be maintained at a predetermined temperature. Processed continuously.

The plastics dropped in the melting chamber 102 fall onto the roll group 110. The role group 110
7 (a) (b) (c) (d) and FIGS. 8 (a) (b)
(C) Since it has a non-circular or eccentric circular shape as shown in (d), the interval between the tips of the flange-shaped portions is constant as described above, or depending on the rotational phase difference. The metal parts that make up the composite waste are thereby separated and the plastic trapped between the rolls is scraped or scraped. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the roll may be formed in a circular shape without eccentricity.

The melted plastics are dropped into the hopper 109 through the separator, but the parts (medium parts and large parts) constituting the household appliances which do not pass through the separator and the plastics which are hard to melt are processed by the roll group 110. In the moving direction of the object 201 (rightward in FIG. 1), the roll group 110
To the end of Then, the resin drops from an opening formed in a part of the bottom of the center of the hopper 109 in the moving direction end of the separation chamber 108 and is separated and collected from the molten plastics.

Small parts, such as molten plastics and screws, which have fallen into the hopper 109 from between the rolls 110 a to 110 a of the roll group 110 are moved by the screw conveyor 113.
It is sent out in one direction and separated outside the separation chamber.

Referring to FIG. 3, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the processing apparatus 100, similarly to FIG. In this embodiment, the transport device 10
The shape of the roller 6 is different from that of the first embodiment in FIG. That is, in the front room 101, the rear room 103, and the desk room 104, the rollers 106a... Of the transport device 106 are supported by bearings 107a. The melting chamber 102 is configured to be uniaxial (similar to the arrow C in FIG. 5 described later). Roller 106
are arranged uniaxially, and a roller 303 near the side wall of the melting chamber 102 is attached to the tip of the uniaxial shaft supported by an external bearing. Therefore, as viewed from the arrow C in FIG.
2 to the roll group 110, and the pallet 2
Objects falling from the object on 02 fall to the roll group 110 without being obstructed. Therefore, the front room 10
1. The biaxial rollers of the rear chamber 103 may be configured to be thick as shown by arrow D in FIG.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG.
An air blowing nozzle 121 is arranged in a space above the composite waste 201, above the roll group 110, or above the screw conveyor 113.
Is supplied with air whose flow rate is controlled by a temperature control valve 122 installed outside the separation chamber 108. Temperature control valve 1
22 is controlled, for example, to keep the temperature of the melting chamber constant. With the air supplied from the nozzle 121, the gas generated by thermally decomposing the plastics in the melting chamber 102 is burned, and the temperature of the melting chamber 102 can be maintained. Note that the nozzles 121 are similarly arranged in the first embodiment and a third embodiment described later.

The generated gas may be burned in its entirety or in part. In this case, the melting chamber 10
2 keeps the temperature at which the plastics not only soften or melt, but also pyrolyze and gasify. Thus, the melting chamber 102 acts as a so-called gasification chamber. In the case of gasification, generally, not all of plastics are gasified, but a part of them may be gasified. Since gasification takes time, the degree of gasification can be controlled by moving the molten plastic out of the atmosphere where gasification occurs. The movement is performed by, for example, a screw.

Generally, if there is about 20% of the heat generated when all the plastics in the waste home appliances are burned, the plastics in the waste home appliances can be thermally decomposed. That is, softening and melting of plastics at a stage before gasification can be performed with about 20% (or less) of self-heating of all plastics.

Although not shown in FIG. 1, the air blowing nozzle 121 may be provided in the processing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.

The screw conveyor 113 not only has a structure in which it is fed in one direction as shown in FIG. 1, but also forms a screw which forms a spiral in the opposite direction coaxially as shown in FIG. It may be configured to collect. Or you may comprise so that it may distribute and send to both sides.

Alternatively, a combination of a roll group and a screw conveyor as shown in FIG. 10 may be used. Here, FIG.
With reference to FIG. 0, another embodiment of the combination of the roll group, 110 and the screw conveyor 113 will be described. Role group 1
Reference numeral 10 denotes an equilateral triangular (diameter-shaped) roll having curved sides, and a distance between rotation axes such that flange portions of adjacent rolls enter each other, and the roll group 110 as a whole moves the workpiece. A gentle inclination is given so that the vehicle can descend toward the direction (rightward in the figure). The rotation direction of the square roll is a direction in which the falling object is sent in the moving direction along the downward inclination. On the other hand, a hopper 109 is provided below the roll group 110 in the vertical direction, and a screw conveyor 113 is provided at the bottom of the hopper 109 for transporting the assembled products. The screw conveyor 113 is provided with an inclination in the same direction as the roll group 110 as a whole,
The liquid plastic flows and collects on the lower slope side. A liquid plastic discharge port is provided in the vicinity of the lowest part of the inclination of the screw conveyor 113. The rotation direction of the screws of the screw conveyor 113 is a direction in which the materials collected at the bottom of the hopper 109 are conveyed (to the left in the drawing) against the inclination of the screw conveyor 113. Therefore, small metal parts and the like are conveyed to the side with the higher inclination. Screw conveyor 11
A small metal discharge port is provided near the highest part of the slope of No. 3.

In the above configuration, the roll group 11
Among the objects that have fallen from the gap 0, small parts such as metal screws are collected by the rotating screw in the left direction in the figure, and the bottom of the screw conveyor 113 inclined downward (in the right direction in the figure) is liquid. The formed plastic flows and collects it to the right. In this manner, the molten plastic and small parts such as screws are separated.

Referring to FIG. 4, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 shows a processing device 1 similar to FIGS.
00 is a side sectional view of FIG. This embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments in that a part of the transport device 106 is replaced with a group of rolls acting as a separator in the melting chamber 102.

As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 5 as viewed from the moving direction of the object, in the first half in the melting chamber 102, the roll group 110 completely functions as the transport device 106. In the latter half of the melting chamber 102, the roll group 110
As in the embodiment of FIG. In this part, the rollers of the transport device 106
As in the second embodiment, a cantilever roller 303 is provided. In the rear chamber 103, the roller is a double-sided roller 304. Also in the front room 101, similarly to the rear room, a two-sided roller 304 is configured. With this configuration, the height of the separation chamber 108 can be reduced,
The number of rollers or rolls can be reduced.

In FIG. 4, the inclination of the hopper 109 is formed at about 60 ° (60 °). This angle is preferably 45 degrees or more, and more preferably 60 degrees or more.
At the bottom of the hopper, a cylinder and a piston type pushing device 306 are provided. Extruder 30
By 6, the plastics are pushed out of the melting chamber 102 or the separation chamber 108.

FIG. 11 shows a flow of an embodiment of the processing method of the present invention. In this method, the composite material waste containing plastics is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the plastics soften, melt, or thermally decompose (S02), and the roll group 11 including a plurality of rolls 110a to 110a is formed.
0, each of the plurality of rolls 110 a to rotate in the same direction around the axis, and the cross-section taken along a plane perpendicular to the axis is formed in a non-circular or eccentric circular group of rolls 110. It is characterized in that the composite material waste 201 is arranged upward in the direction.

The details will be described below. First, the composite material waste 201 (FIG. 1) as an object to be treated is kept as it is (however, in a refrigerator, the door may be removed in advance and the opening may be directed downward in the vertical direction. (Step S01) Next, the composite material 201 is
It is heated in a low oxygen state (S02). Heating is melting chamber 10
This is performed by keeping the inside of the furnace 2 at a predetermined temperature. The heating temperature is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the plastics contained in the composite waste soften or melt. Further, if the temperature is set to be higher than the temperature at which plastics are thermally decomposed or gasified, the processing speed increases.

Referring now to FIG. 12, as the temperature rises, the plastics soften and melt, followed by gasification and the gasification increases, ie, the weight of the plastics decreases. Explain the situation where you go. FIG.
Is a so-called plastic thermal decomposition curve. The horizontal axis represents the temperature of plastics in ° C., and the vertical axis represents the weight reduction%. This data shows that the heating rate is 300 ° C /
h, and the atmosphere was sampled as nitrogen gas.
FIG. 12 does not show the temperature at which each plastic starts melting, but for example, the melting point of polypropylene PP having a relatively high thermal decomposition temperature is 165 ° C. Therefore, the polypropylene PP starts melting at about 165 ° C., but starts to lose weight at about 340 ° C. in the figure. This temperature may be regarded as the temperature at which gasification starts. Then, gasification rapidly occurs at 400 to 440 ° C, and gasification occurs almost completely at 500 ° C. For polyethylene PE, weight loss starts at about 375 ° C,
Gasification becomes severe at 420 to 460 ° C, and gasification occurs almost completely at 510 ° C.

Accordingly, when vinyl chloride PVC having a low gasification start temperature is included, the temperature at which softening and melting of most plastics occurs is 150 to 200 ° C. or higher, and gasification of most plastics occurs. The temperature can be said to be 500-550 ° C. or higher.

In the range of 200 to 500 ° C., depending on the type of resin, whether softening has begun, melting, gasification is about to begin, gasification has progressed greatly, or gasification has been completed. The state is different. Further, the state of gasification also changes depending on the presence or absence of a mixture such as a flame retardant, the state of partial pressure when gasification is started, and the like.

Therefore, based on such properties of plastics, in the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the melting chamber is set to 550 ° C. or higher. More preferably 600 ° C
Above. More specifically, the temperature is maintained within the range of 550 ° C to 750 ° C. More preferably, 600 ° C
Maintain a temperature in the range of ７００700 ° C. In this temperature range, the gasification speed is higher than in a low temperature region, for example, at a temperature of 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. The temperature of the melting chamber is controlled so as to be maintained at any one of the above-mentioned temperature ranges or within the temperature range.

If the temperature is lower than 550 ° C., the gasified combustible gas is difficult to ignite and gas accumulation is not preferable, and if it exceeds 750 ° C., the aluminum in the components of the home appliance starts melting in a short time.

Returning to FIG. When the composite waste is heated, it separates into pyrolysis products containing flammable gas, such as main parts mainly composed of metal, small parts such as molten plastic and screws, parts constituting home appliances, and plastics that are difficult to melt. . Of these, the main body mainly made of metal is placed on the pallet 202 in FIG.
To the desk room 104 via. Then, the process proceeds to the next dismantling step S04, where the dismantling is performed. The material of the main body after the plastics are melted by this method is hardly oxidized and can be recovered as a highly pure metal.

The molten plastic and small parts such as screws are cooled (air-cooled) in a later process to become solid plastic including small parts such as screws, or the molten plastic and small parts such as screws are separated and solidified. Small parts such as plastic and screws. These rolls fall on the roll group 110 of FIG. 1 (S05), and each roll first accumulates on the roll group 110 rotating in the same direction, and falls along with the rotation to the lower hopper 109 from the gap between the roll groups. Collected (S10).

The components that make up the home appliance and the plastics that are difficult to melt include, for example, various metal components that make up the washing machine, and heat insulating materials for refrigerators. These are referred to as other components that separate from the body when heated. This is first deposited on the roll group 110 together with the small parts such as the molten plastic and the screws. Each roll of the roll group 110 rotates in the same direction, moves on the same with the rotation, falls down at the end of the roll group, and returns to the collection place of the small parts such as the molten plastic and screws. Are collected at different locations.

The hard-to-melt plastics and other components that are separated from the main body include medium parts and large parts (however, for example, motors of a washing machine, parts of a washing tub, etc. should be removed in advance before starting processing. ), "Remaining small parts and incineration residues,""Combustion exhaust gas,"
Divided into generated heat. Among them, 'medium parts and large parts' are collected (S10). Also, "the remaining small parts and the incineration residue are sent to the adjacent gasification / melting furnace or incinerator if there is a facility such as a gasification / melting furnace or incinerator in the adjacent place (S08)." The combustion exhaust gas is also sent to an adjacent gasification / melting furnace or incinerator (S08). Further, part of the generated heat is also sent to an adjacent gasification melting furnace or incinerator (S08),
The remaining part is used for heating in step S02. If there is no equipment such as a gasification and melting furnace in the adjacent place, the combustion exhaust gas is sent to an exhaust gas treatment facility dedicated to this equipment.

The pyrolysis product containing the combustible gas generated in step S03 is burned (S07), and part of the generated heat is used for heating in step S02, and the rest is used in the adjacent gasification and melting furnace. Alternatively, it is sent to an incinerator or the like, or to an exhaust gas treatment facility dedicated to this facility (S08). CFCs are all decomposed by using the high temperature of the destination or the sending process. Step S0
The combustion exhaust gas generated in Step 7 is also sent to an adjacent gasification melting furnace or incinerator or the like (S08). In this way, the process ends through all the steps (S11).

In the above embodiment, a part of the plastic in the composite material waste or the combustible gas is burned to generate heat for treating the composite material waste. The amount is about 20% of the energy originally held by plastics in composite waste. Further, heat from the plastic that has been melted to a high temperature may be recovered and returned as heat for processing.

The energy originally held by the composite waste in the form of plastic exists as one of the following when the operation of the processing apparatus of the present invention is continued.

(1) The amount used for softening, melting, or thermally decomposing plastics, (2) The amount that increases the ambient temperature as heat, the amount that radiates heat through walls, or the amount that is contained in exhaust gas (A portion that has become heat), (3) a portion contained in the atmosphere or an exhaust gas as a non-combustible portion of a pyrolysis product (a portion that has become a combustible gas), (4) a molten state or a solid state. The amount that is precipitated and hardened as plastic (the amount existing as plastic).

When recovering plastic from composite material waste, recover it as heat (thermal recycling), recover it as combustible gas (or oilized oil), or recover it as solid plastic and recover it as resources. Either (material recycling or chemical recycling) or collection for RDF (thermal recycling) can be considered. The embodiments of the present invention described above are particularly suitable for being recovered as solid plastic. If the amount to be recovered as solid plastic increases, the amount to be burned can be reduced.

The number of rotations of the roll is determined based on the time required for gasifying the plastic to be treated, the length of the furnace, the diameter of the flange portion determined within a feasible range, and the shaft interval. You. In one embodiment, the transfer length (furnace length)
Is 4500 mm, the shaft interval is 350 mm, the number of rolls is 13, and the residence time for placing the plastic to be treated in the furnace is 10 minutes. In this case, since the flange portion has a triangular conical shape, the pitch is advanced by one pitch in 1/3 rotation, so that 0.43 min ^-1 is sufficient. Furthermore, it is necessary to sufficiently perform gasification, and in consideration of the drop position, the rotation speed is preferably about 0.2 to 0.6 min ^-1 . The residence time is set to 5 to 60 minutes in consideration of the adhesion state of char (the carbon generated in the furnace) to the furnace, the degree of metal oxidation, the processing tact (operation time interval of the conveyor 106), and the like. Is preferred.

[0070]

As described above, according to the present invention, the composite waste is maintained at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the plastic is softened, melted or thermally decomposed, so that the plastic is melted and the cross-sectional shape is non-circular or non-circular. Since the composite waste is disposed above the eccentrically formed roll group 110, the molten plastics and other parts are separated, and the recovered metals are recovered in an extremely good purity. In addition, it is possible to provide a processing apparatus and a processing method for easily separating composite waste into plastics and metals with relatively little energy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of an apparatus for treating composite material waste according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view of the device of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view of an apparatus for treating composite waste according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view of a composite waste disposal apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a view in the direction of each arrow of the device of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a roll used in the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a side shape of a roll used in the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an application example of the roll of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a relative relationship between flange portions of adjacent rolls used in the device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of a roll group and a screw conveyor.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a thermal decomposition curve of plastics.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 processing apparatus 101 front chamber 102 melting chamber 103 rear chamber 104 desk room 105 a to 105 d door 106 transport device 106 a roller 107 a bearing 108 separation chamber 109 hopper 110 roll group 110 a roll 111 rotating shaft 112 bearing 113 screw conveyor 121 air blowing nozzle 201 Workpiece 202 Pallet 303 Biaxial transport device 304 Transport device 306 Screw conveyor

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Shugo Hosoda 11-1 Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Works Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Chika Goya 111-1 Asahi-cho Haneda, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Tamotsu Miyajima 11-1, Haneda Asahimachi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Fujimura 11-1, Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Ebara Corporation Inside

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A composite waste containing plastics,
A melting chamber for maintaining a temperature at which the plastics are softened, melted, or thermally decomposed or higher; and a roll group including a plurality of rolls installed in a vertically lower portion of the melting chamber; Wherein each of the rolls is configured to rotate in the same direction; an apparatus for treating composite waste. 2. The roll according to claim 1, wherein the roll has a plurality of flanges formed in a non-circular or eccentric circular cross section in the axial direction.
A composite waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1. 3. A front end of a flange of one roll of adjacent rolls of the roll group is opposed to a front end of a flange of the other roll, or a gap between the flanges of the other roll. The composite waste disposal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the composite waste disposal apparatus is arranged to face each other. 4. The roll group according to claim 1, wherein the roll group is configured to be used as a transport device for transporting the composite waste.
A composite waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1. 5. A composite material waste containing plastics is heated, and a melt and a non-combustible material resulting from the heating are separated using a group of rolls rotating in the same direction. How to handle things.