JP2000197556A - Heat insulating grip for cup - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable interchangeable use along with a higher heat insulating effect by preventing garbage pollution and poison because of environmental hormone (endocrine disrupter). SOLUTION: In making of a heat insulating grip to be provided on a cup narrower to the bottom, shorter sides of a rectangular or flat inverted V-shaped cardboard strip 1 are bonded together at an upwardly broader slant joint part 2 to form a cardboard cylinder body 3 narrower to the bottom thereof. The tapered paper cup 4 is inserted into the cylinder body with the lower diameter smaller and the upper diameter larger than the upper inner size of the cylinder body and the lower narrow outer circumferential surface of the cup is received with the lower narrow inner circumferential surface of the cardboard cylinder body 3 to grip the cup with the cardboard cylinder body. Moreover, a grip piece 1B may be protrusively arranged on both right and left sides of the cardboard cylinder body and a mark(m) of 'contact' may be put on a sheet surface as internal surface of the cylinder body.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat-insulating gripping device for a cup, which is suitable for use in a container in which a heat-processed dry food or a cold food is stored in a cup and a user can just pour boiling water into the cup. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this kind of heat insulating container, a heat insulating container molded from a foamed resin such as styrene foam is mainly used. Has recently been found to be toxic, and since the foamed resin does not rot,
A large amount of waste could not be discarded as it was, and high heat was generated when the used containers were incinerated, which shortened the life of the furnace and generated harmful gases and increased bulk, which was troublesome and troublesome for waste disposal.

As other heat insulating containers, there are those conventionally described, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 56-94713 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-36284. This conventional technique has an extremely small taper, and has a cylindrical mantle body having a large-diameter end formed with an outwardly curved flange at its large-diameter end, and a taper that is larger than the taper. The outer diameter of the large-diameter side end is equal to the inner diameter of the large-diameter side end of the mantle body, and is curved outward at the large-diameter side end to form a concentric flange with the flange. And a flanged lid fitted to the flange of the container.

In this prior art, since the upper inner peripheral surface of the outer jacket is in direct surface contact with the upper outer peripheral surface of the container, the heat of the food in the inner container is placed on the upper portion of the outer jacket. In the case of hot food such as instant noodles with hot water poured into the food in the thickness direction, the fingers holding the upper part of the jacket will suddenly become hot and cause burns or prevent finger burns. Therefore, there is a problem that hot food or boiling water may be dropped together with the inner container by releasing the hand from the mantle.

[0005] In addition to the above, there is a conventional cup with a gripper described in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 52-105585. According to this conventional technique, a concave portion having an arbitrary shape is formed on an outer surface of a cup body made of paper, a thin synthetic resin, or the like, and an upright handle is located in the concave portion, and the handle is formed upright. As shown in FIG.

If this cup has a portion other than the handle, fingers may become hot due to poor insulation, and the handle is likely to protrude from the cup peripheral surface and is unstable.
When a large number of cups stacked in a vending machine are automatically moved one by one to a drip stage by a robot arm in the vending machine, adjacent cups are separated from each other and cannot be easily adopted. For this reason, as a heat-insulating gripping tool used by a user in addition to a paper cup suitable for vending machines, there is a conventional one described in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3044075.

In this conventional technique, a frame body including a locking portion, a grip portion, and a contact portion is formed by plastic injection molding, and the grip portion has a substantially U-shape in a side view when viewed from the side. The index finger of the user is hung on the hollow portion, the upper outer wall is pressed with the thumb, the lower outer wall is supported by the middle finger, and can be lifted, and the upper end of the grip portion is connected to the locking portion,
The lower end of the grip portion is connected to the contact portion, the contact portion contacts the outer wall of the cup, and has a curved portion of an appropriate length above the outer wall, and the inner surface of the curved portion is locked. A holding space is formed at an appropriate distance from the outer wall of the cup, and the upper side wall of the cup inserted from below into the holding space is held between the outer wall of the locking portion and the upper end of the curved portion. The upper end portion of the curved portion is locked to the upper end portion of the cup by sandwiching the inside of a flange formed by bending outward, and the upper end portion of the curved portion has an appropriate distance from the stopper block of the locking portion above it. The locking portion has a substantially inverted U-shape. The upper portion of the outer wall and the curved portion of the contact portion maintain an appropriate distance from each other, and a relatively large-area arc is formed at the lower end of the outer wall. A stop block is formed inside the upper wall of the locking portion, and the stop block is fitted to the upper end of the curved portion of the contact portion. The cup is clamped in the clamping space between the curved portion of the contact portion and the outer wall of the locking portion, and the inside of the flange at the upper end of the cup is locked at the upper end of the curved portion of the contact portion. , By holding the outside of the cup flange with the stop block of the locking part, it can be held without swinging the cup,
It is said that the outer wall of the locking portion provides the action of tightening the cup due to the gravity of the beverage in the cup, so that the cup can be held stably and can be used for gripping the user and preventing burns. is there.

[0008]

The above-mentioned prior art is based on the problem that the hot cup cannot be held due to poor heat insulation, except for the gripping piece, and the gripping piece is a thick solid object formed by plastic molding. It is difficult to add the vending machine as an accessory to the drinking cup, and it is a gripper for a curled flange that is curled by curling the opening edge of the cup outward, so it can not be used for a cup without a flange, so the cup flange must be horizontal. There are a number of essential and significant problems that are not applicable to flanged cups that are only overhanging.

In addition, since the portion referred to as the locking portion for the curl flange clamp in this conventional example needs to be made precisely with precise dimensional accuracy corresponding to the above-mentioned curl flange, the above-mentioned number of curl shape types of the cup is required. The second problem is that various types of grippers with different locking part shapes are required, and the management, maintenance, and inspection of all systems such as manufacturing, storage, distribution, sale, purchase, and use are complicated and uneconomical. There is also.

Further, in this conventional example, since the plastic handle does not rot, the used handle is incinerated. The high heat generated during the incineration shortens the life of the furnace and causes pollution due to generation of harmful gas. There is also a problem in that so-called “environmental hormones” such as bisphenol A and dioxin, which have recently become a problem, are caused by fillers, softeners, and the like mixed in the molding plastic. In addition, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-30675, a vertical bellows cylinder is made by passing a metal foil or a paper cylinder as it is between openable and foldable folding rollers, and a paper cup is forcibly fitted into the cylinder. There are also examples.

However, in this conventional example, a cylindrical body made of paper, plastic thin plate, aluminum foil, or the like is inserted one by one into one roller of an openable / closed / separable creasing roller pair, and then the other roller is inserted. By rotating each roller while pressing tightly on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, after making a number of vertical folds parallel to the cylindrical body, open the rollers apart and remove the cylindrical body alone from the rollers to form a product Therefore, every time the tubular body is vertically creased one by one, the pair of crease rollers must be opened / closed and separated to insert / remove the tubular body, which is cumbersome and cumbersome. There is an essential problem that the workability is poor and the cost is high, which is uneconomical.

Further, the vertical bellows cylinder in this conventional example is
The outer diameter is extremely variable and unstable, so the fitting position to the cup is easy to change. Moreover, the cylindrical surface has the vertical bellows, so the mechanical strength of the ridgeline is weak and the fingers are gripped. There are many problems such as being easily crushed by pressure, being inconvenient to use, and not being able to perform continuous beautiful surface printing.

The present invention has been made in order to eliminate many problems in the above-mentioned conventional examples. The purpose of the present invention is to use paper obtained from natural resources as a heat insulating container material. The use of strip-shaped corrugated cardboard for the outer cylinder for heat insulation eliminates heat conduction that is directly transmitted in the direction of the wall thickness, and enhances the heat insulation effect. By eliminating paper waste due to sheet cutting, strengthening the gripping strength of the cup, and using a heat insulating tubular body on the inner surface of corrugated paper with corrugated cardboard to improve the appearance of the tubular body surface and improve printability And a heat-insulating cylindrical body that can be folded flat to make it easier to add and provide as an accessory to the cup, and to support the lower thin cup by inserting it into an upper-spreading cylindrical body. Aims at slightly different cups and flange shape size to permit interchangeable use that fits well also for different cup.

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to make a gripping tool provided in a lower thin cup, in which a short side of a rectangular or flat inverted V-shaped strip of corrugated cardboard is extended upwardly and obliquely. A lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder is made by bonding at the joint, and a lower thin paper cup having a smaller lower diameter than the upper inner method is inserted into the cylindrical body, and the lower thin outer peripheral surface of the cup is fixed to the lower thin outer peripheral surface. This was achieved by receiving the cup on the lower inner peripheral surface of the cardboard cylinder and enabling the cup to be gripped by the cardboard cylinder.

[0015] Further, in making a gripping tool provided in the lower thin cup, gripping pieces are continuously provided on both sides in the length direction of the strip-shaped corrugated cardboard via outward folding lines, respectively.
The sheet is bent in the length direction with its corrugated paper inside, and the gripping pieces are spread upward and joined at an oblique joint to form a lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder with gripping pieces. A lower thin cup having a smaller lower diameter than the upper inner method is inserted into the body, a lower thin outer peripheral surface of the cup is received by the lower thin inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, and the cup is held by the gripping piece. It may be grippable. Further, gripping pieces may be protrudingly provided on the left and right sides of the corrugated cardboard cylinder, and a lower thin cylinder may be made from a flat inverted V-shaped corrugated cardboard sheet. May be added.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, in the basic embodiment of the present invention, when making a heat insulating gripping tool provided in a lower thin cup, the short sides of a rectangular strip-shaped cardboard sheet 1 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), an oblique envelope is adhered and adhered as shown in FIG. 1 (b) to form a lower-thin corrugated cardboard cylinder 3, and while the joint 3 side of the cylinder 3 is tilted upward, the cylinder 3
A lower thin paper cup 4 having a smaller diameter and a larger diameter than the upper inner method is substantially vertically inserted therein as shown in FIG.
The lower thin outer peripheral surface of the cup 4 is corrugated paper 1A of the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3.
FIG. 1 (c) shows a large number of ridges 1C formed on the inner peripheral surface of FIG.
And the cup 4 can be vertically held by the corrugated cardboard body 3 as described above.

The cylindrical body 3 serving as a heat-insulating holder for the paper or plastic molding cup according to the present invention thus produced is
The three-dimensional object shown in FIG.
By crushing and folding as shown in (b), it can be flattened and can be easily provided as an accessory for the cup. Then, the purchaser simply spreads the flat thing as shown in FIG. 1 (b) into a tube shape to make it three-dimensional, and puts the lower thin cup 4 in the tube body 3 with the joint 2 side slightly inclined upward. As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the cup 4 can be fitted and supported in a good fit state, and the cup 4 can be stably insulated and held with the fingers a insulated through the cylindrical body 3. Can be consumed or eaten without heating the finger a.

Next, in order to protrude the gripping pieces 1B on the outer peripheral surface of the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 in the present invention, the rectangular strip-shaped corrugated cardboard sheet 1 as shown in FIG. The gripping piece 1B passes through the upwardly extending oblique folding line L, respectively.
And while the sheet 1 is folded in the length direction with the corrugated paper 1A inside, the gripping pieces 1B are spread upwardly, and the corrugated paper 1A is crushed by the diagonal joints 2 and bonded together. Thereby, the lower corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 with the gripping pieces as shown in FIG. 2 can be formed. Then, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the lower thin cup 4 having a smaller lower diameter and a larger upper diameter than that of the upper inner method is fitted into the cylindrical body 3 slightly inclined as described above, and is almost vertically inserted. 4 is received by the lower inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 3 and the cup 4 is held by the gripping piece 1B.
Thus, it can be held as shown in FIG.

The upper and diagonally joined portions 2 of the gripping pieces 1B may be glued, but may be adhered to the surface of the corrugated paper 1A of the corrugated cardboard sheet 1 or the mating surface of the two-piece corrugated paper 1A. Heat-sealing adhesion of a heat-adhesive resin coat layer or a laminate layer such as a polyethylene coat layer may be used. In addition, since each of the corrugated cardboard cylinders 3 is deformable and flexible in the circumferential direction, in addition to the circular cup of the previous example,
For example, it can be well adapted to a square cup or a square deep dish container and can be further covered.
Outer collar 4a by curling outward as in (c)
And the cylindrical body 3 may be covered on the cup 4 up to the outer flange, and the cylindrical body 3 may be partially spotted and adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the cup 4.

The tubular body 3 formed as a heat-insulating gripper according to the present invention formed in the above manner expands upwardly.
Even if there is a gripping piece 1B, the gripping piece 3 is bent along the outer peripheral surface of the cup so that a large number of heat insulating containers can be polymerized and accumulated without being bulky, and can be efficiently transported from a manufacturer to a food manufacturer. After putting the cooked dried food and other items (not shown) into the container 4, the lid plate is airtightly adhered to the upper edge of the cup 4 and shipped.

The purchaser partially peels off the lid plate from the cup 4, pours hot water into the instant food in the cup, closes the lid, waits for about 3 minutes, and eats. Even if the user holds the cylindrical body 3 by hand and eats, the heat generated from the paper cup 4 causes the corrugated paper 1A between the many ridges 1C and the valleys 1D of the corrugated paper 1A as shown in FIG. The oblique side 1E can cut off the heat, and can prevent the heat conduction that is transmitted directly in the thickness direction of the paper of the cardboard cylinder 3, so that the outer surface of the cylinder 3 does not become hot, and the cylinder 3 can be safely held by hand. The user can eat the food in the paper cup 4 while holding it.

Since the used container is made of corrugated cardboard which is a natural material as a whole, it is easy to dispose of trash and there is no harmful effect of environmental hormones. Since the cylinder 3 is made of corrugated cardboard, the container 3 is made of corrugated cardboard. Even if the handpiece 3 is strongly held by hand, the corrugated ridge 1C and the hypotenuse 1E are not crushed, so that even a container which is considerably heavy with liquid can be carried with confidence.

The cardboard cylinder 3 is provided with a gripping piece 1B.
Is protruded as shown in FIG. 2, the gripping piece 1B or the cylindrical body 3 is held and eaten by hand. At this time, even if the gripping piece 1B is held and eaten by hand, the cup 4 Can be fitted and positioned in the cylindrical body 3 quite firmly, so that it does not slip off and heat generated from the cup 4 is
B, the food in the cup 4 can be eaten while holding the cup 4 by hand.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As shown in FIG. 3 (a), in order to apply the present invention to a flat large, heavy cup such as a large instant noodle, a strip-shaped sheet 1 is folded at its center fold 1a. The folded part is crushed and a predetermined range portion is crushed and attached to the upper part to form a gripping piece 1B, and the gripping piece 1B is formed on the opposite side of the cylindrical body in the same manner as in the example shown in FIG. A gripping piece 1B is formed, and a cylindrical body 3 as shown in FIG. 3A is formed by projecting a total of two gripping pieces 1B, 1B to the left and right. Shaped ramen cup 4 is inserted, and the lower thin outer peripheral surface of the cup is received by a number of ridges 1C of corrugated paper 1A on the lower thin inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 3, and the two gripping pieces 1B, 1B are held with both hands. It may be a heat-insulating gripping device for a cup that can be gripped with.

In this case, even a flat large and heavy cup can be stably and reliably carried in the manner of holding a two-handed pan.
In this example, the cardboard cylinder 3 can be inserted into the cup 4 almost perpendicularly, and two strip-shaped cardboard sheets 1 can be inserted.
Even if the cylindrical body 3 is made by sticking the both ends of the upper part upwardly to form a palm, a heat-insulating gripper made of a two-handed cardboard cylindrical body having two gripping pieces 1B, 1B on both left and right sides can be obtained.

4 (a) and 4 (b), a corrugated paper 1A is sandwiched between the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 by using double-faced corrugated cardboard as the corrugated cardboard sheet 1. Good.

Further, the shape of the corrugated cardboard sheet 1 is made into a flat inverted V-shaped strip as shown in FIG. 6, a corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 having a substantially horizontal side surface can be manufactured, and a cup 4 is vertically inserted into the cylinder 3 almost perpendicularly to its axis as shown in FIG. The lower thin outer peripheral surface may be received by a number of corrugated ridges 1C, and the cup 4 may be held by the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 or the holding piece 1B as described above. In this example, even if the cardboard cylinder 1B is not tilted, the cup 4
Can be inserted almost vertically and the sense of stability can be increased and the appearance can be improved.

Further, the sheet 1 serving as the inner surface of the cylindrical body 3
As shown in FIG. 1 (b) and FIG. 2, the “match” mark m is printed by characters or symbols at a ratio of about one sheet per 1000 sheets, and the like, so that the final user of the instant cooked food etc. However, by giving a prize such as "XX hot spring invitation" to the work of separating the two-fold two-ply sheet 1 attached to the food from the joint surface with fingers or the like,
A kind of ambitious thrill can be imparted, the final user can be competing with the work of making the cylindrical body 3 from the two sheets, and the willingness to purchase can be improved.

Further, in the heat-insulating gripper according to the present invention, the aspect ratio can be arbitrarily selected according to the cup.
It can also be used as a gripper for a flatter or more elongated heat-insulating container. When the cylindrical body 3 is fixed to the cup 4 by spotting and bonding, for example, the cylindrical body 3
If a paper having a heat-adhesive synthetic resin layer such as a polyethylene laminate layer (a so-called poly-laminate layer) applied to the inner surface of the cup 4 or the outer peripheral surface of the cup 4 is used, the cylindrical body 3 is partially Both can be spotted and bonded only by heating and pressing.

The inner surface of the cup 4 may be covered with a poly-laminate layer, and the lower portion of the cylindrical body 3 may be stopped at a position substantially higher than the bottom of the cup 4. The outer flange 4a of the paper cup 4 is not necessarily required, but in forming the outer flange 4a, the opening edge of a well-known paper cup may be curled with a curling machine. The flanges 4a may be extended flat flanges, and the flanges 4a can further prevent slippage of the cup from the cylindrical body 3.

[0031]

The present invention adopts the above-described embodiment, and has the following effects. According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the heat-insulating grip of the cup to be additionally used for the cup is made of corrugated cardboard obtained from natural resources, the holder of the cardboard cylinder 3 as a grip is held. The hands and fingers do not become hot, and the plastic molding of the heat-insulating gripper becomes unnecessary, thereby eliminating the harmful effects of environmental hormones and the garbage pollution.
Can be strip-shaped, so that there is no waste of paper due to the cutting of long corrugated paper sheets. There are many benefits to having a body that supports it, which allows for a well-fitted insulation compatible use for cups with slightly different sizes, cups without flanges or cups with different flange shapes.

The corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 of the present invention is
Since the corrugated paper 1A on the inner surface is adhered to the outer paper sheet, the strength of the corrugated paper 1A against external force is large, the corrugated paper 1A is stable without being deformed, and the cup 4 can be gripped by hand reliably and stably.
Since the outer surface is a flat arc surface, it is excellent in printability, enables continuous and beautiful printing on the outer surface of a cylindrical body, and has many effects such that a cup holder having a good appearance can be obtained.

Next, according to the second aspect of the present invention, since the gripping piece 1B protrudes outside the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3, the cup 4 can be gripped with this gripping piece, and the cup can be more easily held insulated. The effect of being able to do was added.

Furthermore, according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the gripping pieces 1B which extend upward and are joined obliquely on the left and right sides of the lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 placed on the cup 4, the cup 3 can be provided without tilting the cylinder 3. 4 can be fitted and supported in the cylinder 3 almost vertically, and it looks good. By holding the left and right gripping pieces 1B with both hands, even a large flat cup 4 containing heavy contents is easily and stably well insulated. The effect of being portable was added.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the flat inverted V
The corrugated cardboard sheet 1 in the shape of a rectangle is rolled to form the cylindrical body 3, so that the gripper-facing side edge of the cylindrical body 3 can also be widened and inclined, and the cylindrical body 3 can be inserted almost perpendicularly to the cup 4. As a result, the effect of improving the sense of stability and improving the appearance was added.

Further, according to the invention of claim 5, the cylindrical body 3
Since the "hit" mark m is written on the surface of the base paper 1 by letters or symbols at a ratio of about 1 sheet to 1000 sheets, the end user such as an instant cooked food can be attached to the food. By giving a prize to the work of separating the two-folded two-ply corrugated cardboard sheet 1 from the joint surface with a finger or the like, a kind of ambitious thrill can be given, and the end user can remove the two-folded sheet from the two-folded sheet. The work of making the tubular body 3 can be competing with each other, and the effect of increasing the willingness to purchase can be added.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process schematic diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process of a heat insulating gripper for a cup according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing another example of the heat insulating gripper for a cup according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing still another example of the heat insulating gripper according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a heat insulating gripper according to the present invention using a double-faced cardboard sheet.

FIG. 5 is a developed view showing another example of the cardboard sheet according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an example of a lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder made of the above sheet.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view showing a state where a cup is inserted into the cylinder shown in FIG. 6;

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 strip-shaped corrugated cardboard sheet 1A corrugated paper 1B gripping piece 1C corrugated paper ridgeline part 1D corrugated paper valley line part 1E corrugated paper oblique side 2 upper spreading oblique joint 3 lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder 4 lower thin cup m mark

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A gripping tool provided in a lower thin cup,
The shorter sides of the strip-shaped corrugated cardboard sheet 1 are spread upward and adhered to each other at an oblique joint portion 2 to form a lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 in which the lower diameter is smaller than the upper inner method and the upper diameter. Insulation of the cup in which the lower thin outer peripheral surface of the cup 4 is received by the lower thin inner peripheral surface of the cardboard cylinder 3 so that the cup 4 can be gripped by the cardboard cylinder 3. Gripper. 2. A gripping tool provided in a lower thin cup,
The gripping pieces 1B are continuously connected to the strip-shaped corrugated cardboard sheet 1 on both sides in the length direction through diagonal folding lines L, and the sheet 1 is bent in the length direction with the corrugated paper 1A inside. By gripping the pieces 1B upward and joining them together at the diagonally joined portion 2, a lower thin corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 with a gripping piece is formed, in which the lower diameter is smaller than in the upper inner method. Insert the lower thin cup 4 with a large upper diameter,
A heat insulating gripper for a cup in which the lower thin outer peripheral surface of the cup 4 is received by the lower thin inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 3 so that the cup 4 can be gripped by the gripping piece 1B. 3. Grasping pieces 1 on both sides of said corrugated cardboard cylinder 3.
3. The heat-insulating gripping device for a cup according to claim 2, wherein B and 1B are protruded. 4. The cup according to claim 1, wherein the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 is formed from a flat inverted V-shaped corrugated cardboard sheet 1 so that the gripping-tool-facing edge of the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3 expands upward and becomes oblique. Insulated gripper. 5. The insulated gripping device for a cup according to claim 1, wherein a “hit” mark m is provided on a corrugated cardboard sheet surface which is an inner surface of the corrugated cardboard cylinder 3.