JP2000186565A - Axial piston type rotary engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a piston to complete one cycle of intake, compression, expansion and exhaust when a cylinder block turns once by rotating the cylinder block which containing a cylindrical piston and rotating, and a swash plate placed on the same axis in the reverse directions at a uniform speed. SOLUTION: A housing 1 and a side plate 2 are integrated, and a cylinder block 5 is disposed through a bearing 4 on a main shaft 3 fixed to the side plate 2. Plural piston holes 6 are bored in the axial direction on a fixed pitch circle, and a piston 7 is axially inserted to reciprocate. The other end of the cylinder block 5 comes into contact with a cylinder head 7 formed on the side plate 2, the cylinder block 5 is turned on the main shaft 3 and a swash plate 14 is rotated in the reverse direction at a uniform speed. Thus, it is possible to form a rotary 4-cycle engine in which when the cylinder block 5 turns once, the piston completes the process of intake, compression, expansion and exhaust.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the structure of an axial piston type rotary engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, engines used for automobiles and the like have been mainly reciprocating engines. The reciprocating engine converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft to extract power, but has problems such as the inability to eliminate vibration and noise caused by imbalance in inertial force due to the reciprocating motion of the piston. was there. For a reciprocating four-cycle engine, the piston reciprocates two times (the crankshaft rotates twice), completing one cycle of suction, compression, expansion, and exhaust. For this reason, the output per piston becomes small, and the rotation of the crankshaft becomes intermittent. In order to compensate for this, a multiple piston method is adopted, and various arrangements are made such that the phases of the pistons and the crankshaft are shifted, but as a result, the structures of the crankshaft and the cylinder block become complicated and large. Generally, the four-cycle type is used as a gasoline engine. There is also a two-cycle engine in which one cycle is completed by one rotation of the crankshaft. This is only two strokes of the piston, compression and expansion, and suction and exhaust are performed by the so-called scavenging action, which discharges combustion gas with a pressurized mixture near the bottom dead center of the piston expansion stroke. , Commonly used in diesel engines. The two-cycle type is characterized by high thermal efficiency, but has large vibration and noise, and black smoke and NOx contained in exhaust gas have become social problems. Another example is a Wankel rotary engine. The Wankel type has no crankshaft and connecting rod, and the rotor performs planetary motion to directly rotate the output shaft. Further, since one cycle is completed for one rotation of the output shaft, a smooth rotation force can be obtained, but the diaper-shaped rotor and the rotor housing are complicated in shape and have difficulty in confidentiality (sealing property). The basic operating principle of the engine used in the present invention is that conventionally used as an axial piston type swash plate type hydraulic motor, which is improved for a rotary type four-cycle engine.

[0003]

The objects of the present invention are as follows. (1) To reduce vibration and noise by eliminating imbalance of inertial force due to reciprocation of the piston. (2) To increase the shaft output per piston and smooth its rotation. (3) To realize low cost, small size and light weight by simplifying the shape of parts and reducing the number of parts.

[0004]

Now, this will be described with reference to the drawings. Since FIG. 1 is substantially symmetrical at the center of the drawing, the description will be mainly given to the right side of the drawing. (1) The housing 1 and the side plate 2 are integrated, and a cylinder block 5 is disposed on a main shaft 3 fixed to the side plate 2 via a bearing 4. (2) A plurality of piston holes 6 are bored in the cylinder block 5 in a predetermined pitch circle in the axial direction, and the piston 7 can reciprocate in the axial direction and a liner 28 inserted in the piston hole 6 is formed. It is inserted with no gap between them. (3) The other end of the cylinder block 5 contacts a cylinder head 8 formed on the side plate 2, and the cylinder block 5 rotates around the main shaft 3. (4) The space formed by the piston 7 and the cylinder head 8 inside the cylinder block 5 becomes the combustion chamber 9, and its cross-sectional shape is composed of the outer diameter of the piston 7 and the cylinder port 10 having a slightly smaller diameter. The port wall 10 'formed by the difference in diameter between the two receives the pressure generated when the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 9 explodes, and presses the cylinder block 5 against the cylinder head 8 to make it close. (5) The inner spherical surface 12 of the shoe includes the spherical surface 13 of the bearing, and the piston 7 and the piston shoe 11 are connected. (6) A swash plate 14 is provided at the center of the spindle 3 via a bearing 4 '.
Is arranged. The end face has a flat sliding surface 15 having a constant inclination angle with respect to the main shaft 3, and a concave thickness stealing 16 is provided near the outer periphery to eliminate inertial force imbalance around the central axis. (7) The other end of the piston shoe 11 contacts the swash plate 14, and slides on the sliding surface 15 when the cylinder block 5 rotates. (8) Since the piston shoe 11 is held by the shoe retainer 18 housed in the projection 17, it does not separate from the swash plate 14 even when the cylinder block 5 rotates. (9) The output shaft 19 parallel to the main shaft 3 is supported by the side plate 2 via the bearing 4 ", and the gear 20 fixed near its end is
'Meshes with the gear 20. When the cylinder block 5 rotates, the output shaft 19 rotates in the opposite direction. (10) The timing belt wheel 21 'of the output shaft 19 and the timing belt wheel 21 of the swash plate 14 are joined by a timing belt 22, and when the output shaft 19 rotates, the swash plate 14 rotates in the same direction. (11) The gear ratio between the gear 20 and the gear 20 'and the gear ratio between the timing belt wheel 21 and the timing belt wheel 21' are equal. Therefore, if the cylinder block 5 rotates,
The swash plate 14 rotates in the opposite direction, and the absolute values of the rotation angles of the two are equal. (12) The suction port 23 and the exhaust port 24 are provided on the cylinder head 8 on the same pitch circle as the piston 7.
And an ignition plug 25. A mixed gas of air and fuel is sucked into the combustion chamber 9 from outside via an intake port 23, and the combustion gas is discharged outside via an exhaust port 24. The ignition plug 25 ignites the combustion chamber 9 immediately after the completion of the compression stroke to expand (explode) the mixed gas. (13) The suction port 23 is on the phase where the piston 7 is in the expansion stroke (the first quadrant in FIG. 4),
The exhaust port 24 is located within the range that does not overlap the cylinder port 10 on the 0 ° axis, and is on the phase where the piston 7 is in the compression stroke (fourth quadrant in FIG. 4).
° Provided in a range that does not overlap the cylinder port 10 on the shaft. (14) The operation principle of the present invention will be described by focusing on the piston 7 on the 0 ° axis in FIG. At this time, the piston 7 is in the state of being inserted most deeply into the cylinder block 5, and the volume of the combustion chamber 9 is minimum. (15) If the cylinder block 5 is rotated 90 ° clockwise from the above state, the swash plate 14 rotates 90 ° counterclockwise, and the volume of the combustion chamber 9 becomes maximum. That is, piston 7
Is in the position of 0 to 90 °, the piston 7 enters the suction stroke, and the combustion chamber 9 sucks the mixed gas from the suction port 23. (16) If the cylinder block 5 is further rotated clockwise 90 ° from the above state, the swash plate 14 is further rotated clockwise 90 °, and the volume of the combustion chamber 9 is minimized. That is, when the piston 7 is at the position of 90 to 180 °, the piston 7 is in the compression stroke, and the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 9 is compressed. (17) If the cylinder block 5 is further rotated to the right by 90 ° from the above state, the swash plate 14 is further rotated to the left by 90 °, and the volume of the combustion chamber 9 becomes maximum. That is, when the piston 7 is at the position of 180 to 270 °, the piston 7 is in the expansion stroke. 1 cylinder block 5
If the ignition plug 25 is ignited after passing through the position of 80 °, the mixed gas in the combustion chamber 9 expands (explodes), giving a rotational force to the cylinder block 5, and the output shaft 19 through the gears 20 and 20 ′. To rotate. In the embodiment of FIG.
The positions of the piston 7, the suction port 23, the exhaust port 24, and the spark plug 25 located on the left and right sides of the cylinder 4 are on the same projection plane, and the pressure generated in the combustion chamber 9 by the expansion (explosion) of the mixed gas causes the piston 7 The axial thrust applied to the swash plate 14 via the right and left sides is offset on the left and right. (18) If the cylinder block 5 further rotates rightward 90 ° from the above state, the swash plate 14 further rotates leftward 90 °, and the volume of the combustion chamber 9 becomes minimum. That is, when the piston 7 is at the position of 270 to 0 °, the piston 7 is in the exhaust stroke, and the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 9 is discharged from the exhaust port 24 to the outside. (19) The cooling water injected from the outside into the cooling water inlet 31 enters the cooling water chamber 29 of the cylinder block 5, cools the cylinder block 5, and is discharged to the outside through the cooling water outlet 32. The cooling water is supplied by a cooling water seal 3 inserted between the liner 28, the cylinder block 5 and the main shaft 3.
0 does not leak into the housing 1. (20) In FIG. 5, immediately after the piston 7 starts and immediately before the end of the expansion stroke, in order to increase the opening area of the passage leading to the combustion chamber 9, the shape of the intake port 23 is changed to 0 ° and 90 °. Shows the shape extended to the vicinity of the arc drawn at the position of. Similarly, immediately after the piston 7 starts and immediately before the end of the exhaust stroke, the combustion chamber 9
The shape of the exhaust port 24 is extended to the vicinity of an arc drawn by the cylinder port 10 at the positions of 270 ° and 0 ° in order to increase the opening area leading to the opening. (21) In FIG. 6, notches 26 and 26 'are shown extending from the suction port 23 in directions of 0 ° and 90 °, respectively, in order to advance the start timing of suction of the combustion chamber 9 and delay the end timing thereof. Similarly, notches 26 ", 26""extending from the exhaust port 24 in directions of 270 ° and 0 °, respectively, are shown in order to advance the exhaust start timing of the combustion chamber 9 and delay the end timing. 1, the swash plate 14 and the cylinder block 5 and the cylinder head 8 arranged on the
If it is called a pair of components, FIG. 7 is a diagram in which the configuration of the left half of the components is removed. In this case, since the piston force generated by the explosion of the combustion chamber 9 cannot be canceled on the swash plate 14, a thrust bearing 27 receiving the piston force is provided. (23) Further, in FIG. 7, a housing hole 34 through which the cylinder block 5 penetrates is provided in the cooling water housing 33 which protrudes into the housing 1, and the housing hole 34 has a cooling water between the housing block 34 and the outer periphery of the cylinder block 5. The seal 30 is inserted. The cooling water injected from the outside enters the cooling water chamber 29 from the cooling water inlet 31 to cool the cylinder block 5 and is discharged from the cooling water outlet 32 to the outside. The cooling water does not leak into the engine due to the cooling water seal 30. The cooling water may be air,
In that case, it will be an air-cooled engine. (24) In FIG. 8, a part of the side plate 2 is protruded inward to form a pressure oil chamber wall 36 containing the cylinder block 5, while the outer diameter of the end of the cylinder block 5 is enlarged to increase the cylinder block wall. 38. Pressure oil chamber wall 3
6. If pressure oil is externally injected into the pressure oil chamber 36 formed between the cylinder block wall 38, the side plate 2 and the cylinder block 5 through the pressure oil passage 39, the cylinder block wall 38
Is pressed against the side plate 2 under pressure, and the cylinder port 10
To prevent gas leakage from Further, the pressure oil is guided to the outer diameter portion of the piston 7 through a pressure oil passage 39 ′ provided in the cylinder block 5 to lubricate the piston 7. (25) FIG. 9 shows another embodiment in which the cylinder block 5 is integrated with the main shaft 3 supported on the side plate 2 via the bearing 4, and the rotation of the cylinder block 5 is directly used as the rotation output of the main shaft 3. is there.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS With the above construction, when the cylinder block makes one rotation, the swash plate makes one rotation in the opposite direction.
The rotary type 4-stroke engine completes the intake, compression, expansion, and exhaust strokes of the piston. (1) In the present invention, the number of pistons in a cylinder block does not matter, but if there are four pistons per cylinder block, the total number of pistons is eight and the output of the shaft is a 16-cylinder reciprocating four-cycle engine. Is equivalent to (2) Piston and suction port on cylinder head
The positional relationship between the exhaust port and the spark plug is the same, and the axial thrust exerted on the swash plate by the piston is canceled by the expansion (explosion) of the mixed gas. (3) The intake of the mixed gas and the exhaust of the combustion gas are automatically performed between the combustion chamber and the intake port and the exhaust port as the cylinder block rotates, and a dedicated valve is not used. (4) No crankshaft and connecting rod,
The reciprocating motion of the piston is directly converted into the rotational motion of the output shaft.

[0006]

Therefore, according to the present invention, the output per piston is high, the rotation of the output shaft is smooth, there is no imbalance in the inertia of the piston, and the axial thrust of the piston due to the explosion of the mixed gas is offset. Therefore, the engine has low vibration and noise. In addition, there is no crankshaft and connecting rod, the output shaft is easy to make straight, and there is no need for an intake valve and an exhaust valve. Therefore, a low-cost, compact and lightweight engine is provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line CC in FIG.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of another embodiment for increasing the opening area of the intake / exhaust passage.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment for adjusting the intake / exhaust timing.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 is a housing 2 is a side plate 3 is a main shaft 4, 4 'and 4 "are bearings 5 is a cylinder block 6 is a piston hole 7 is a piston 8 is a cylinder head 9 is a combustion chamber 10 is a cylinder port 10' is a port wall 11 is a piston shoe. 12 is a shoe inner spherical surface 13 is a bearing spherical surface 14 is a swash plate 15 is a sliding surface 16 is a burglar 17 is a projection 18 is a shoe retainer 19 is an output shaft 20, 20 ′ is a gear 21, 21 ′ is a timing belt wheel 22. Belt 23 is suction port 24 is exhaust port 25 is ignition plug 26, 26 ', 26 ", 26" "is notch 27 is thrust bearing 28 is liner 29 is cooling water chamber 30 is cooling water seal 31 is cooling water inlet 32 is Cooling water outlet 33 is a cooling water housing 34 is a housing hole 35 is a pressure oil inlet 36 is a pressure oil chamber wall 37 is a pressure oil chamber 38 is a cylinder Locking wall 39 and 39 'is pressure oil passage

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A swash plate is provided on a main shaft and a cylinder block in which a piston reciprocates within the swash plate. (B) When the cylinder block rotates, the swash plate rotates in the opposite direction at a constant speed. (C) The axial piston type rotary engine configured as described above, wherein the piston performs one cycle of suction, compression, expansion, and exhaust when the cylinder block makes one rotation.