JP2000185238A - Impulse voltage generator, crushing and separating apparatus, and aerobic treatment apparatus for organic waste liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect the polluted state of spark gaps using the wave forms measured at different points through spark gaps and a gap for testing so set as to have higher dielectric strength than that of each spark gap. SOLUTION: Wave forms is measured at two or more different positions having at least one spark gap GS between them in, for example, a circuit comprising spark gaps GS and based on the two or more measured different wave forms, the polluted state of spark gaps existing between these two or more different positions can properly be detected, so that the labor necessary for maintenance of the spark gaps can be lessened.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an impulse voltage generator, a crushing / separating apparatus, and an aerobic treatment apparatus for organic waste liquid, and more particularly, to an impulse voltage generator having a spark gap, and an impulse voltage generator. The impulse voltage from the vessel is supplied between the pair of electrodes, and the shock waves and heat generated by the pulse discharge generated between the pair of electrodes crush rocks, concrete members, etc., epoxy resins, phenol resins, etc. A crushing / separating device that separates a joined body such as a printed circuit board in which various electronic circuit elements such as a conductive member such as copper, a resistor and the like are bonded to a substrate, and a semiconductor package in which the conductive member is enclosed, and sewage. The present invention relates to an organic waste liquid aerobic treatment apparatus for biologically treating an organic waste liquid generated during treatment or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the past, products that have been treated as mere waste materials by collective incineration or dumping include:
May contain harmful materials that have a negative impact on the environment at the time of disposal, and reusable resources. For this reason, in recent years, from the viewpoints of environmental protection and effective use of resources, the technology of separating and collecting the above harmful materials and reusable resources from the above products has become more important. .
In particular, with regard to electronic circuits, and eventually printed circuit boards, the practical life thereof is remarkably reduced, and conductive members for patterns formed on the printed circuit board such as copper and the like are mounted on the printed circuit board. There is also a strong social demand for separating and collecting various electronic circuit elements such as resistors and the solder connecting them. Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Hei 8-
No. 344962 proposes a technique in which a pulse discharge is generated between a pair of electrodes, and a material is separated from a printed circuit board or the like by using a shock wave or heat generated during the pulse discharge. In addition to separating materials from printed circuit boards and the like, it is also possible to crush concrete, rocks, etc. by using the shock waves and heat generated during the above-mentioned pulse discharges. As proposed in JP-A-10-138372, the sludge can be reformed by pulse discharge to aerobically treat the organic waste liquid. By the way, in order to perform the above-described separation treatment, crushing treatment, and sludge reforming, it is necessary to generate a high-voltage pulse of several tens kV to several hundreds kV. For generating the high voltage pulse, for example, a Marx circuit can be used. In the Marx circuit, a plurality of capacitors are charged using a high-voltage DC power supply of about several kV, and the plurality of capacitors are momentarily connected in series by discharging a spark gap provided between the capacitors almost simultaneously. An impulse voltage obtained by multiplying the voltage of about several kV is output to the output stage of the circuit.

[0003]

When an impulse voltage is generated using a spark gap as described above, the spark gap SG is generated by a sputtering effect at the time of discharge between the spark gaps SG, as shown in FIG. 13, for example. Oxide OM or the like adheres to the surface of the electrode 108 constituting the electrode 108, and the surface of the electrode 108 becomes dirty. As the discharge is repeated between the spark gaps SG, there is a problem that the discharge is less likely to occur in the spark gap SG. For this reason, when operating the impulse voltage generator having the spark gap, the crushing / separating device having the impulse voltage generator, or the aerobic treatment device for organic waste liquid, the operator is required to perform the discharge. By listening to the sound of the sound, watching the sparks, and directly observing the surface of the electrode 108,
It is necessary to judge the dirt condition of the spark gap at any time, and to clean or replace the spark gap as necessary. Therefore, in the impulse voltage generator having the spark gap, the crushing / separating apparatus having the impulse voltage generator, and the aerobic treatment apparatus for organic waste liquid, a certain amount of labor is required for maintaining the spark gap. And it was. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art by using a waveform measured at different positions via a spark gap or a test gap having a dielectric strength greater than that of the spark gap. It can detect the dirt condition of the gap,
An impulse voltage generator, a crushing / separating device, and a device that can reduce the labor required for maintaining the spark gap by automatically replacing or cleaning the electrode constituting the spark gap with a substitute electrode. It is an object of the present invention to provide an aerobic treatment apparatus for organic waste liquid.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 is an impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps. Waveform measuring means for measuring waveforms at two or more different positions via at least one of the spark gaps; and the two or more different positions based on the two or more different waveforms measured by the waveform measuring means. And a dirt condition detecting means for detecting a dirt condition of the spark gap between the two. According to a second aspect of the present invention, in an impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps,
A test gap connected in parallel with the spark gap and having a higher dielectric strength than the spark gap; detecting means for detecting a discharge state of the test gap; and the test gap detected by the detecting means. And a contamination state detecting means for detecting the contamination state of the spark gap based on the discharge state of the spark gap. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps.
An alternative electrode is provided corresponding to one or both electrodes of the electrode pair forming the spark gap, and electrode replacement means for replacing the electrode forming the spark gap with the alternative electrode. It is configured as an impulse voltage generator.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in an impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps, two or more different impulse voltage generators in a circuit including the spark gap through at least one of the spark gaps are provided. And a dirt state of the spark gap between the two or more different positions based on two or more different waveforms measured by the waveform measuring means. A dirt condition detecting means, a substitute electrode corresponding to one or both electrodes of the electrode pair forming the spark gap, and a dirt condition of the spark gap detected by the dirt condition detecting means. An electrode replacing means for replacing the electrode forming the spark gap with the substitute electrode. And it is configured as an impulse voltage generator that. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps, a test gap connected in parallel with the spark gap and having a dielectric strength larger than the spark gap is set. Detection means for detecting a discharge state of the test gap; dirt state detection means for detecting a dirt state of the spark gap based on a discharge state of the test gap detected by the detection means; And a replacement electrode corresponding to one or both of the electrode pairs forming the spark gap, and an electrode forming the spark gap based on the contamination state of the spark gap detected by the contamination state detecting means. Characterized by comprising an electrode replacing means for replacing the electrode for It is configured as a vessel.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the impulse voltage generator according to the first or fourth aspect, the waveform measuring means includes means for measuring a voltage waveform of the trigger signal, And a means for measuring a discharge voltage waveform. Also,
The invention according to claim 7 is the impulse voltage generator according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the waveform measuring means measures a current waveform of the trigger signal, and measures a discharge current waveform of the spark gap. The gist of the present invention is to include means for performing According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the impulse voltage generator according to the second or fifth aspect, the detection means is means for detecting a discharge current flowing in the test gap. . The ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the second aspect, the fifth aspect, and the fifth aspect.
8. The gist of the impulse voltage generator according to any one of items 8, wherein a plurality of the test gaps are connected in parallel with the spark gap. The invention according to claim 10 is the invention according to any one of claims 3 to 5.
3. The impulse voltage generator according to claim 1, wherein said electrode replacement means comprises: a rotatable support member for supporting the electrode forming the spark gap and the replacement electrode on the same circumference; and driving the support member. The gist is that an electrode forming the spark gap and the substitute electrode are replaced by rotating the support member by the driving means.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the third to fifth aspects, the electrode replacing means replaces the electrode forming the spark gap with the replacement electrode. The gist of the present invention is to further include a cleaning means for cleaning the electrode replaced in the above. According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, and an electrode pair connected to the impulse voltage generator. The apparatus is configured as a crushing / separating device for supplying an impulse voltage from the vessel to the electrode pair to generate a pulse discharge between the electrode pair and crushing or separating the object disposed between the electrode pair. I have. The invention according to claim 13 provides an aerobic treatment tank for aerobically treating an organic waste liquid in the presence of an aerobic microorganism, and the impulse according to any one of claims 1 to 11. A sludge extracted from the aerobic treatment tank includes a voltage generator and an electrode pair connected to the impulse voltage generator, and the impulse voltage generator supplies an impulse voltage between the electrode pairs disposed therebetween. And a reforming means for reforming all or part of the sludge, and a return means for returning the reformed sludge generated by the reforming means to the aerobic treatment tank. It is configured as an aerobic treatment device for waste liquid.

According to the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the first, fourth, sixth, and seventh aspects, for example, application of a trigger signal to a spark gap and generation of a discharge in a spark gap in an output stage. The voltage waveform and the current waveform at that time are measured by the waveform measuring means, and based on the two different measured waveforms, the contamination state of the spark gap included in the circuit is detected. A state in which discharge is difficult due to adhesion or the like can be specified at an early stage, and maintenance of the spark gap can be suitably performed by a user or the like. In particular, in the impulse voltage generator according to the fourth aspect, when the contamination state is detected, the electrode constituting the spark gap is replaced with a substitute electrode, so that the operation is continued even if the electrode is dirty. The maintenance cycle can be extended, and the labor required for maintenance can be reduced.

Further, according to the impulse voltage generator according to the second, fifth, eighth or ninth aspect, the test gap is connected in parallel with the spark gap and has a higher dielectric strength than the spark gap. When a discharge occurs, the contamination state of the spark gap is detected based on the occurrence of the discharge. Therefore, it is possible to quickly identify a state in which the discharge is difficult due to an oxide attached to the spark gap. However, maintenance of the spark gap can be suitably performed by a user or the like. In addition, when the test gap is used, even if the spark gap is detected as dirty, the operation can be continued using the test gap. Can be reduced. Further, in the impulse voltage generator according to the fifth aspect, when the dirt condition is detected, the electrode constituting the spark gap is replaced with a substitute electrode, so that the operation is continued even if the electrode is dirty. The maintenance cycle can be extended, and the labor required for maintenance can be reduced. Further, when a plurality of the test gaps are connected in parallel with the spark gap as in the impulse voltage generator according to the ninth aspect, one test gap is contaminated and is hardly discharged. However, the operation can be continued at another test gap, and the maintenance work of the spark gap can be remarkably reduced.

[0010] According to the impulse voltage generator according to the third, tenth, or eleventh aspect, when the spark gap is determined to be in a state in which it is difficult to discharge periodically or by a user or the like, Since the electrode constituting the spark gap is replaced with a substitute electrode, there is no need for a person to replace or clean the spark gap every time the spark gap becomes dirty, which is necessary for maintenance of the spark gap. Labor can be reduced. Moreover, in the impulse voltage generator according to the eleventh aspect, the electrode replaced with the substitute electrode is automatically cleaned, so that the labor required for maintaining the spark gap can be significantly reduced. According to the crushing / separating device of the twelfth aspect, an impulse voltage is supplied to the electrode pair by using the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects. Since the object disposed between the electrode pairs is crushed or separated by the pulse discharge generated therebetween, the work required for maintenance of the spark gap and, consequently, of the entire crushing / separation device is further reduced. be able to. According to the apparatus for aerobically treating an organic waste liquid according to the thirteenth aspect, an impulse voltage is supplied to an electrode pair using the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects. Since the sludge which is difficult to be post-processed is reformed by the pulse discharge and the high electric field generated between the electrode pairs, the labor required for the maintenance of the spark gap and, consequently, the maintenance of the aerobic treatment apparatus for the organic waste liquid is reduced. Can be reduced.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention.
The following embodiment is a specific example of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. First, FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an impulse voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present invention and a crushing / separating device provided with the same, and an outline thereof will be described. As shown in FIG.
The crushing / separating device includes a printed circuit board to which an electronic circuit element such as a conductive member for a circuit pattern and a resistor is joined, and a semiconductor package mounted on the printed circuit board 1 to a conductive member or an electronic circuit element. The apparatus is embodied as a device for separating a material, and includes an electrode pair 100 having the printed circuit board and the like disposed therebetween, and an impulse voltage generator A1 for applying a high impulse voltage between the electrode pair 100. And an impulse voltage is supplied between the pair of electrodes 100 from the impulse voltage generator A1 to generate a pulse discharge 101 between the pair of electrodes 100. The shock wave and heat generated by the pulse discharge 101 cause the printing to be performed. The material is separated or crushed from a substrate or the like.
Further, the impulse voltage generator A1 charges the plurality of capacitors C using the high-voltage DC power supply 102, and after the charging is completed, the trigger unit 103 outputs the first-stage spark gap SG.
1, a plurality of spark gaps SG are discharged almost simultaneously to connect the capacitors C in series, and to generate a pulse voltage obtained by multiplying the charging voltage of the capacitor C by a multiplication circuit 104 such as a Marx circuit. This is embodied as a device having

The features of the impulse voltage generator A1 according to the present embodiment and the crushing / separating device provided with the impulse voltage generator A1 as compared with the conventional device are as follows. A voltage measuring section (waveform measuring means) 105 for measuring a voltage waveform of a trigger (circuit) applied to the first-stage spark gap SG1, and a voltage measuring section (waveform measuring section) for measuring an output voltage waveform of the multiplying circuit 104. Means) 106 and the voltage measuring unit 105
Voltage waveform of the trigger measured by the
06, the time from application of the trigger to the output to the multiplying circuit 104 is specified based on the output voltage waveform of the multiplying circuit (circuit) 104, and based on the specified time. And a contamination state detecting means 107 for detecting the contamination state of the spark gap SG included in the multiplying circuit 104. In the impulse voltage generator A1 and the crushing / separating apparatus including the impulse voltage generator A1, first, in order to apply a high voltage impulse between the electrode pairs 100, for example, through a resistor R connected in series and multiple stages, A DC voltage of about several kV is supplied from the high-voltage DC power supply 102 to the plurality of capacitors C,
Each capacitor C is charged. Next, when the charging of the capacitor C is completed, a trigger is given from the trigger section 103 to the trigger gap T arranged near the first-stage spark gap SG1. The voltage waveform of the trigger from the trigger unit 103 is measured by the voltage measurement unit 105. When a discharge occurs in the spark gap SG1 in the first stage due to the trigger, one end of the capacitor C1 in the lowermost stage is grounded, and a transient overvoltage occurs in the spark gap SG in each stage, and the spark gap SG in each stage is generated. Discharge occurs, the plurality of capacitors C are momentarily connected in series, and an impulse voltage of several tens kV to several hundred kV multiplied by the number of the capacitors C is generated at the output of the multiplication circuit 104.

The impulse voltage output from the multiplying circuit 104 is measured by a voltage measuring unit 106 and supplied between the electrode pair 100, and is supplied to the electrode pair 100.
An object to be processed such as a printed circuit board disposed between the electrode pairs 100 is crushed or separated by a shock wave and heat accompanying the pulse discharge generated therebetween. By the way, if the impulse voltage is repeatedly generated using the impulse voltage generator 101, the discharge is also repeated in each spark gap SG. At the time of the discharge, the oxide is generated by sputtering. The discharge becomes less likely to occur between the spark gaps SG, for example, by adhering to the electrodes constituting the SG, and eventually the discharge does not occur. In this case, if an attempt is made to generate an impulse voltage from the impulse voltage generator 101 even though the discharge between the spark gaps SG is difficult, the high-voltage DC power supply 102 connects the capacitor C. Even if it is charged, its power is wasted, and it is dangerous if it is charged. For this reason, in the impulse voltage generator A1 according to the present embodiment and the crushing / separating device including the same, the voltage waveform of the trigger measured by the voltage measuring unit 105 by the contamination state detecting means 107 and the voltage of the trigger Based on the output voltage waveform of the multiplying circuit 104 measured by the voltage measuring unit 106, the time at which the impulse voltage appears in the multiplying circuit 104 from the trigger is specified. The contamination state of the included spark gap SG is detected.

FIG. 2 is a timing chart for explaining the detection of the dirty state of the spark gap by the dirty state detecting means. In FIG. 2, each voltage waveform is represented by a rectangle for simplicity, and does not represent an actual voltage waveform. FIG. 2A shows the voltage measurement unit 10.
5 is a voltage waveform of a trigger from the trigger unit 103 measured by No. 5; This voltage waveform is supplied from the voltage measuring section 105 to the dirt state detecting means 107. The contamination state detecting means 107 specifies a time t1 at which the application of the trigger is started based on the voltage waveform. Actually, the time when the voltage rises above the threshold value may be specified as the time t1 using the threshold value, or the time when the peak value is reached may be used. FIG. 2 (b)
Is an output voltage waveform of the multiplying circuit 104 measured by the voltage measuring unit 106. Similarly, this voltage waveform is transmitted from the voltage measuring section 106 to the dirt state detecting means 1.
07. In the dirt state detecting means 107,
Similarly to the trigger application start time t1, the output voltage waveform generation start time t2 is specified. Then, the contamination state detecting means 107 calculates a time ΔT which has elapsed from the time t1 to the time t2, and compares the calculated time ΔT with a threshold value previously set in the contamination state detecting means 107 by a user or the like. If the time ΔT is shorter than the set threshold, the spark gap SG
The dirt condition is not a problem. For example, a display indicating that the impulse voltage can be normally supplied is displayed to the user using a display means such as an LED. On the other hand, if the time ΔT is longer than the set threshold value, it is determined that the contamination state of the spark gap SG has a risk of disturbing the discharge, and the fact is displayed.
A sound is emitted from the speaker to inform the user that the spark gap SG is dirty and discharge is difficult. As described above, according to the impulse voltage generator according to the present embodiment and the crushing / separating device including the same, it is possible to detect the contamination state of the spark gap based on the time elapsed from the start of the trigger to the output of the impulse. Accordingly, it is possible to inform the user that the spark gap needs to be cleaned at a suitable timing.

[0015]

In the above embodiment, the user is informed of the cleaning time of the spark gap by using the display means or the speaker. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. Of the electrode 108
Corresponding to the above, the replacement electrodes 108 'are provided respectively,
The replacement electrode 108 'and the electrode 108 may be exchanged based on the stain state detected by the stain state detection means 107. As a result, the replacement electrode 108 ′ that has not been exposed to the discharge constitutes the spark gap SG, and the user does not need to immediately clean the electrode 108 constituting the spark gap SG. The burden of maintenance can be reduced.

As described above, the impulse voltage generator for automatically replacing the electrodes constituting the spark gap SG and the structure of the crushing / separating apparatus provided with the impulse voltage generator include the impulse voltage generators A1 and A1 according to the above-described embodiment. The crushing / separating device provided with the above is provided with an electrode 108 'for replacement and an electrode replacement means 109 for replacing the electrode 108' for the replacement. As shown in FIG. 1, when the dirt condition detecting means 107 determines that the dirt condition of the spark gap SG is equal to or higher than the set threshold value and the discharge is unlikely to occur, this is indicated. The determination signal is supplied to the electrode replacement means 109. As shown in FIG. 3, the electrode replacement means 109 replaces the replacement electrode 108 'with the electrode 108.
And a driving unit 1092 for rotating the supporting member 1091. When the determination signal is supplied from the dirt state detecting unit 107, the driving unit 1092 is provided. To rotate the support member 1091 by 180 ° to replace the electrode 108 with the replacement electrode 108 ′. Accordingly, the cycle for cleaning the spark gap SG can be doubled.

Further, if the number of the substitute electrodes 108 'provided corresponding to the respective electrodes 108 is increased, the cycle of cleaning the spark gap SG can be extended. For example, as shown in FIG.
In the case where three replacement electrodes 108 'are provided in response to the above, when the discrimination signal is supplied from the contamination state detecting means 107, the electrode replacing means 109 gives a command to the driving means 1092. And the supporting member 1091 is 9
Rotated by 0 °, the electrode 108 is replaced with the substitute electrode 108 ′ equivalent to the electrode 108. In this case, the time to clean the spark gap SG can be extended four times as compared with the case where the replacement electrode 108 'and the electrode replacement means 109 are not provided, and maintenance can be performed effectively. it can. Further, in addition to replacing the electrode 108 with the replacement electrode 108 ', for example, as shown in FIG. 5, a cleaning means 110 such as a grindstone or a polishing cloth is provided on the circumference, and the electrode 108 is replaced. At this time, the surface of the electrode 108 may be cleaned by the cleaning unit 110 using the rotation of the support member 1091. In this case, the electrode 108 can be reused as the replacement electrode 108 ', and the user's labor for the spark gap SG can be greatly reduced. The impulse voltage generator as described above and the crushing / separating device provided with the same are also examples of the impulse voltage generator and the crushing / separating device in the present invention. Incidentally, the impulse voltage generator and the crushing / separating device provided with the replacement electrode 108 ', the electrode replacement means 109, and the cleaning means 110 as described above always detect the dirt state of the spark gap SG by the dirt state detecting means. Then, the electrode 108 is replaced with the substitute electrode 10.
8 'and the electrode 108 are not limited to those for cleaning the electrode 108. For example, the electrode 108 is automatically replaced with the alternative electrode 108' periodically or when instructed by a user. Alternatively, the electrode 108 may be cleaned by the cleaning means 110 to reduce the labor required for maintaining the spark gap. Further, the replacement electrode 108 'is provided corresponding to both electrodes of the electrode pair 108 forming the spark gap SG. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any one of the spark gap SG may be formed. The replacement electrode may be provided only on the electrode.

In the above-described embodiment and examples,
Although a spherical electrode is used as the electrode constituting the spark gap SG, the electrode is not limited to this, and another electrode such as a flat plate or a rod may be used. Such an impulse voltage generator and a crushing / separating device having the same are also examples of the impulse voltage generator and the crushing / separating device in the present invention. Also,
In the above embodiment, the voltage waveform of the trigger given from the trigger unit 103 and the output voltage waveform from the multiplying circuit 104 were measured, but the present invention is not limited to this.
For example, as shown in FIG.
6 ′, the current waveform of the trigger and the multiplication circuit 104
And the dirt state detecting means may detect the dirt state of the spark gap SG included in the multiplying circuit 104 from the two current waveforms. Further, the voltage measuring section 106 or the current measuring section 106 'is provided in every spark gap SG included in the multiplying circuit 104, and the voltage measuring section 106 or the current measuring section 106' is provided.
5, 106, or any two voltage waveforms supplied to the contamination state detecting means 107 or the current measuring unit 10
From any two current waveforms supplied to the dirt condition detecting means 107 from 5 'and 106', the time difference between the two waveforms is calculated, and the dirt condition detecting means 107 detects the dirt condition of the spark gap SG. You may make it. In this case, if the dirty state is detected for each voltage waveform or current waveform, the required number of the voltage measuring unit 106 or the current measuring unit 106 'increases, but which spark gap SG is dirty and it is difficult to discharge. It can be specified whether or not it is in a state. In addition, it is not always necessary to provide the voltage measuring units 105 and 106 or the current measuring units 105 'and 106' corresponding to all spark gaps SG.
The voltage measuring units 105 and 106 or the current measuring units 105 'and 106' are provided at two or more different positions via at least one spark gap SG.
The dirt state of the spark gap SG located between the positions 5 and 106 or the positions where the current measuring units 105 'and 106' are provided may be detected by the dirt state detecting means 107. Such an impulse voltage generator and a crushing / separating device having the same are also examples of the impulse voltage generator and the crushing / separating device in the present invention.

Further, in the above-described embodiments and examples, the contamination state of the spark gap SG is detected from the time difference between two different voltage waveforms or current waveforms. For example, as shown in FIG. By providing a test gap TG having a higher dielectric strength than the spark gap and a current measuring unit (detection means) 111 for measuring a discharge current flowing through the test gap TG in parallel with the SG, The contamination state of the spark gap SG may be detected based on the discharge current measured by the unit 111. For example, the above test gap T
The electrode pair 108T constituting G is substantially the same as the electrode 108 constituting the spark gap SG, and the distance d between the electrode pair 108T is set to be larger than the distance D between the spark gaps SG. Thereby, the dielectric strength of the test gap TG can be set larger than the spark gap SG. in this case,
When the spark gap SG is not so dirty, no discharge occurs between the test gaps TG, and a discharge occurs between the spark gaps SG, and the impulse voltage is generated. When the spark gap SG becomes dirty and discharge becomes less likely to occur in the spark gap SG, the spark gap SG becomes
Of the test gap TG exceeds the dielectric strength of the test gap TG, and discharge occurs in the test gap TG. At this time, the current measuring section 111 measures the discharge current via the test gap TG,
For example, when the discharge current is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that discharge has hardly occurred in the spark gap SG, and the state is displayed on display means, or a sound is output from a speaker to a user. Or the replacement of the electrode 108 with the replacement electrode 108 ′, and cleaning by the cleaning means 110. As a result, the labor required for maintaining the spark gap SG can be reduced. The calculating means for determining whether or not the discharge current has become equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value corresponds to the dirt condition detecting means in claim 2 or 5. Further, in the case of such an impulse voltage generator and a crushing / separating apparatus provided with the impulse voltage generator, the spark gap S
Since the test gap TG is equivalent to the spark gap SG even if G is in a state where discharge is unlikely to occur, it is not necessary to immediately maintain the spark gap SG, and the maintenance cycle can be extended. it can. Further, in the above example, one test gap TG is provided for one spark gap SG. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. Test gaps T
G may be provided. In this case, the maintenance cycle is extended by the number of the test gaps TG.
The impulse voltage generator having the test gap as described above, and the crushing / separating device provided with the same are also examples of the impulse voltage generator and the crushing / separating device in the present invention.

In the above-described embodiment, the voltage of the high-voltage DC power supply 102 is multiplied by using the DC charging type Marx circuit. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A Marx circuit may be used, and it is not necessary to use a multi-stage circuit, and another impulse voltage generation circuit using L, C, and R for the output unit as shown in FIG. 11 may be used. Such an impulse voltage generator and a crushing / separating device having the same are also examples of the impulse voltage generator and the crushing / separating device in the present invention. Further, in the above embodiment, the crushing / separating device provided with the impulse voltage generator has been described. However, the impulse voltage device according to the above embodiment and the example is proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-63743. It is also possible to provide such a device for aerobic treatment of organic waste liquid. Here, FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration of an aerobic treatment apparatus for organic waste liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12, in the organic waste liquid aerobic treatment apparatus, first, an organic waste liquid is introduced into an activated sludge tank (aerobic treatment tank) 122 from a path 121, and the activated sludge in the activated sludge tank 122 The organic waste liquid is mixed and aerated, and the organic waste liquid is decomposed by the aerobic microorganisms in the activated sludge. Activated sludge tank 12
The organic waste liquid decomposed by the aerobic microorganism in 2 is supplied to the precipitation device 124 via the path 123.
In the sedimentation device 124, the organic waste liquid subjected to the decomposition treatment is separated into a supernatant liquid 1241 and a sedimentation sludge 1242 by solid-liquid separation, and the supernatant liquid 1241 is discharged from a passage 125. On the other hand, the settled sludge 1242 is supplied to the reforming tank 1281
Sent to. The reforming tank 1281 of the reforming device (reforming means) 128 is provided with the impulse voltage generator A1 according to the above embodiment and the impulse voltage generator according to the above embodiment. The above impulse voltage generator A1
As in the case of the separation device, it is connected to the electrode pair 100 and applies a high-voltage impulse to the electrode pair 100. The precipitated sludge is sent between the electrode pairs 100, and the microorganisms in the settled sludge are killed by the pulse discharge or the high electric field generated between the electrode pairs 100, and are further decomposed by cell destruction and the like to reduce the low molecular weight. Organic substances and inorganic substances are produced, and organic substances other than microorganisms are also reduced in molecular weight, and the precipitated sludge is reformed into a substance easily decomposable into aerobic microorganisms. And the reformed sludge reformed as described above is
Activated sludge tank 1 via return path (return means) 129
Returned to 22. This reduces the volume of settled sludge which is difficult to post-treat. The provision of the impulse voltage generator in the organic waste liquid aerobic treatment apparatus as described above facilitates maintenance of the spark gap of the impulse voltage generator, and also provides the above-mentioned alternative electrode and test gap. In the case where the sedimentation sludge is
Even if they are sent one after another into the 281, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a defect that is not modified due to a discharge failure or the like.

[0021]

As described above, the first, fourth, and fourth aspects of the present invention are described.
According to the impulse voltage generator described in any one of the items 6 and 7, for example, a trigger signal is applied to a spark gap, and a voltage waveform and a current waveform when a discharge occurs in a spark gap at an output stage are measured. Means, and the contamination state of the spark gap included in the circuit is detected based on the two different measured waveforms. Therefore, it becomes difficult to discharge due to the adhesion of the oxide to the spark gap. The state where the spark gap is present can be identified at an early stage, and the maintenance of the spark gap can be suitably performed by a user or the like. In particular, in the impulse voltage generator according to the fourth aspect, when the contamination state is detected, the electrode constituting the spark gap is replaced with a substitute electrode, so that the operation is continued even if the electrode is dirty. The maintenance cycle can be extended, and the labor required for maintenance can be reduced.

Further, according to the impulse voltage generator according to the second, fifth, eighth or ninth aspect, the test gap is connected in parallel with the spark gap and has a higher dielectric strength than the spark gap. When a discharge occurs, the contamination state of the spark gap is detected based on the occurrence of the discharge. Therefore, it is possible to quickly identify a state in which the discharge is difficult due to an oxide attached to the spark gap. However, maintenance of the spark gap can be suitably performed by a user or the like. In addition, when the test gap is used, even if the spark gap is detected as dirty, the operation can be continued using the test gap. Can be reduced. Further, in the impulse voltage generator according to the fifth aspect, when the dirt condition is detected, the electrode constituting the spark gap is replaced with a substitute electrode, so that the operation is continued even if the electrode is dirty. The maintenance cycle can be extended, and the labor required for maintenance can be reduced. Further, when a plurality of the test gaps are connected in parallel with the spark gap as in the impulse voltage generator according to the ninth aspect, one test gap is contaminated and is hardly discharged. However, the operation can be continued at another test gap, and the maintenance work of the spark gap can be remarkably reduced.

Further, according to the impulse voltage generator according to the third, tenth, or eleventh aspect, it is possible to periodically or when a user or the like specifies that the spark gap is in a state in which discharge is difficult. Since the electrode constituting the spark gap is replaced with a substitute electrode, there is no need for a person to replace or clean the spark gap every time the spark gap becomes dirty, which is necessary for maintenance of the spark gap. Labor can be reduced. Moreover, in the impulse voltage generator according to the eleventh aspect, the electrode replaced with the substitute electrode is automatically cleaned, so that the labor required for maintaining the spark gap can be significantly reduced. According to the crushing / separating device of the twelfth aspect, an impulse voltage is supplied to the electrode pair by using the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects. Since the object disposed between the electrode pairs is crushed or separated by the pulse discharge generated therebetween, the work required for maintenance of the spark gap and, consequently, of the entire crushing / separation device is further reduced. be able to. According to the apparatus for aerobically treating an organic waste liquid according to the thirteenth aspect, an impulse voltage is supplied to an electrode pair using the impulse voltage generator according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects. Since the sludge which is difficult to be post-processed is reformed by the pulse discharge and the high electric field generated between the electrode pairs, the labor required for the maintenance of the spark gap and, consequently, the maintenance of the aerobic treatment apparatus for the organic waste liquid is reduced. Can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an impulse voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present invention and a crushing / separating apparatus including the same.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the detection of a dirty state of a spark gap of the impulse voltage generator and a crushing / separating apparatus including the same.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining electrode replacement in the impulse voltage generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is another diagram for explaining electrode replacement in the impulse voltage generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining automatic cleaning of a replaced electrode.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an impulse voltage generator for measuring a waveform by current measurement and a crushing / separating apparatus including the same according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an impulse voltage generator for measuring a voltage waveform at a plurality of locations and a crushing / separating apparatus including the same according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an impulse voltage generator for measuring a current waveform at a plurality of locations and a crushing / separating device including the same according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining an impulse voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present invention using a test gap and a main part of a crushing / separating apparatus provided with the impulse voltage generator.

FIG. 10 shows an impulse voltage generator according to an embodiment of the present invention using a test gap, and a crusher /
FIG. 3 is another diagram for explaining a main part of the separation device.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of a circuit used for the impulse voltage generator.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an organic waste liquid aerobic treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining dirt in a spark gap.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 electrode pair 101 pulse discharge 102 high-voltage DC power supply 103 trigger unit 104 multiplying circuit 105, 106 voltage measuring unit 105 ', 106' current measuring unit 107 dirt state detecting means 108, 108T electrode 108 '... Replacement electrode 109 ... Electrode replacement means 110 ... Cleaning means 111 ... Current measuring unit 122 ... Activated sludge tank 128 ... Reformer 129 ... Return path 1091 ... Support member 1092 ... Driving means SG ... Spark gap TG ... Test gap

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification FI FI Theme Court II (Reference) B29K 105: 26

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. An impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps, wherein a waveform is measured at two or more different positions in a circuit including the spark gap through at least one of the spark gaps. A waveform measuring means; and a stain state detecting means for detecting a stain state of the spark gap between the two or more different positions based on two or more different waveforms measured by the waveform measuring means. An impulse voltage generator, comprising: 2. An impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps, wherein a test gap connected in parallel with the spark gap and having a dielectric strength greater than the spark gap is provided. Detecting means for detecting the discharge state of the spark gap, and dirt state detecting means for detecting the dirt state of the spark gap based on the discharge state of the test gap detected by the detecting means. Impulse voltage generator. 3. An impulse voltage generator having one or a plurality of spark gaps, a substitute electrode provided corresponding to one or both electrodes of an electrode pair forming the spark gap, An impulse voltage generator comprising: electrode replacement means for replacing an electrode forming a gap with the replacement electrode. 4. An impulse voltage generator having one or more spark gaps, wherein a waveform is measured at two or more different positions in a circuit including the spark gap through at least one of the spark gaps. A waveform measuring means; a dirt state detecting means for detecting a dirt state of the spark gap between the two or more different positions based on two or more different waveforms measured by the waveform measuring means; A replacement electrode corresponding to one or both electrodes of the electrode pair forming the spark gap and an electrode forming the spark gap are determined based on the dirt state of the spark gap detected by the dirt state detecting means. An impulse voltage generator comprising: electrode replacement means for replacing the replacement electrode. 5. An impulse voltage generator having one or more spark gaps, a test gap connected in parallel with the spark gap and having a dielectric strength greater than the spark gap; Detecting means for detecting the discharge state of the test gap, dirt state detecting means for detecting the dirt state of the spark gap based on the discharge state of the test gap detected by the detecting means, and an electrode pair forming the spark gap And an electrode for replacing the electrode forming the spark gap with the alternative electrode based on the dirty state of the spark gap detected by the dirty state detecting means. An impulse voltage generator comprising: a replacement unit. 6. The impulse voltage generator according to claim 1, wherein the waveform measuring means includes means for measuring a voltage waveform of the trigger signal, and means for measuring a discharge voltage waveform of the spark gap. vessel. 7. The impulse voltage generator according to claim 1, wherein said waveform measuring means includes means for measuring a current waveform of said trigger signal, and means for measuring a discharge current waveform of said spark gap. vessel. 8. The impulse voltage generator according to claim 2, wherein said detecting means is means for detecting a discharge current flowing in said test gap. 9. The impulse voltage generator according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the test gaps are connected in parallel with the spark gap. 10. The electrode replacement means comprises: a rotatable support member for supporting the electrode forming the spark gap and the replacement electrode on the same circumference; and a drive means for driving the support member. The electrode forming the spark gap and the replacement electrode are replaced by rotating the support member by the driving means.
6. The impulse voltage generator according to claim 5. 11. The cleaning device according to claim 3, further comprising a cleaning unit configured to clean an electrode replaced by the replacement electrode from an electrode forming the spark gap by the electrode replacement unit. Impulse voltage generator. 12. An impulse voltage generator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and an electrode pair connected to said impulse voltage generator. Supply impulse voltage to
A crushing / separating device that generates a pulse discharge between the electrode pairs and crushes or separates the object disposed between the electrode pairs. 13. An aerobic treatment tank for aerobically treating an organic waste liquid in the presence of an aerobic microorganism, and said aerobic treatment tank.
12. An impulse voltage generator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and an electrode pair connected to the impulse voltage generator, wherein the sludge extracted from the aerobic treatment tank is disposed between the electrode pair. And a reforming means for reforming the whole or a part of the sludge by supplying an impulse voltage with the impulse voltage generator, and returning the reformed sludge generated by the reforming means to the aerobic treatment tank. An aerobic treatment apparatus for organic waste liquid, comprising: