JP2000184856A - Production of feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently produce a fermented protein feed having a high protein content from a vegetable juice waste as a raw material by fermenting powder of the vegetable juice waste by a specific method. SOLUTION: Powder of vegetable juice waste is irradiated with an electron beam to improve reaction activity and to sterilize the powder. The powder of the vegetable juice waste is mixed with a mycelial fungus, which is proliferated in the presence of water and a yeast type fungus is added and fermented. In the operation, the powder of the vegetable juice waste is preferably a granule of 20-200 mesh particle size or a wetted body. The powder of the vegetable juice waste can be obtained by separating and removing at least one juice of a vegetable juice, a vegetable fruit juice, a purified oil of vegetable, an extracted juice of processed material of vegetable, a vegetable milk and its mixture from a vegetable body to give a residue and powdering the residue.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed from plant juice, which is generally treated as waste.

The feed produced by the present invention has a high protein content and is suitable for cultivation, cultivation, and breeding of fish and shellfish, and is also useful as an animal feed in the livestock industry and the poultry industry.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Research and development using fermented microorganisms as feed has been carried out on petroleum proteins on a fairly large scale, but has not been put to practical use due to the presence of carcinogens which are said to be contained. .

[0004] On the other hand, vegetable seed oil cake has a high protein content, but contains a polysaccharide which is difficult to digest and a non-volatile phytontide (which may be toxic).
It is difficult to convert it into a feed as it is, and it is used as a compound feed after performing some denaturing operations. Further, alcoholic fermented lees are an excellent protein source, but because of their high content of nucleic acid components, they could not be used as good feeds alone.

[0005] The lower amino acid (A) having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is contained in a matrix material containing a microbial fermentation product of plant juice or a crushed product thereof according to the invention of the present inventors.
And a higher amino acid having 4 or more carbon atoms (B) in a molar ratio of A / B = 1 to 40, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-121783. Published through U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,539.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present invention have made it a technical problem to provide a more useful feed by using various microbial fermented products obtained during preliminary research for fish and shellfish and animals. Has been tested and researched to produce feed for use in foods and to evaluate its value as a single feed or a combined feed.

[0007] The present inventors have found that in the above-mentioned tests and studies, the value as feed is attributable to the composition of components of high proteins and their related substances. Per 100g serving: 35 energy
6Kcal, water 15.2g, protein 77.1g, lipid 2.9g,
0.8 g of carbohydrate and 4.0 g of ash), which are one of the ideal numerical values for the production of feed.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted further research based on the above findings, and as a result, a remarkable technical means that it is possible to efficiently produce a fermented protein feed having a high protein content by using plant juice as a raw material. Was completed, and the above-mentioned technical problem was achieved.

[0009]

The above technical objects can be achieved by the present invention as described below.

That is, according to the present invention, the powder of the plant juice is irradiated with an electron beam to improve the reaction activity and sterilize, and then the mycelial fungus is added to the powder of the plant juice to remove water. A method for producing a feed, wherein the mycelium-type fungus is propagated in the presence thereof, and the yeast-type fungus and its medium component are added for fermentation.

In the present invention, the powder of plant squeezed residue has a particle size of 20 to 200 mesh (named by mesh opening with a U.S.-style Tyler sieve, corresponding to 0.833 to 0.088 mm in metric system). )), Wherein the feed is in the form of granules or wet.

[0012] Further, the present invention provides a method wherein the powder of plant juice is at least one sap selected from the group consisting of plant juice, plant juice, plant essential oil, extract of plant processed product, plant milk and a mixture thereof. A method for producing each of the above-mentioned feeds, which is a powder of residue separated and removed from a plant.

[0013] The present invention also relates to a method for producing each of the above feeds, which comprises adding a yeast-type fungus and a medium component thereof.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for producing each of the above-mentioned feeds, which comprises adding a mycelial fungus and a medium component thereof.

The electron beam in the present invention means an electron beam including an electron beam itself and a small number of X-rays accompanying the generation of the electron beam.

The configuration of the present invention will be described in more detail as follows.

First, the main components of the vegetable juice obtained as raw materials in the present invention are citrus juice residue, fruit juice squeezed residue,
Coffee bean extract slag, various teas (green tea, oolong tea, black tea, roasted tea, Tochu tea, persimmon leaf tea, gymnema tea, licorice tea,
Barley tea, brown rice tea, barley tea, mugwort tea, puer tea, banaba tea, herbal tea, lichen tea, coconut tea, dokudami tea, lotus tea, rooibos tea, tendai karayaku tea, etc.) These are very little useful, such as whether they are generally discarded, incinerated, or made into fertilizers or feed-increasing materials that are not expected to be effective.

The components of the vegetable juice are cellulose (main component β-D-glucan), hemicellulose (main component xylan), pectin (main component galacturonan), tannin (bitter component) and a small amount of sugar (glucose). , Fructose, sucrose, mannitol, etc.).

At present, the most commercially available juice is citrus juice, which accounts for 60% of the total juice.
An enormous amount of citrus juice residue is produced as a by-product during its production. Annual production of citrus juice is estimated to be about 550,000 tons in the United States, 500,000 tons in Brazil, 300,000 tons in China, and 80,000 tons in Japan. Neutralize the citrus juice residue with lime and compress to separate into solid and liquid. Dry the former to dry juice residue and concentrate the latter under reduced pressure to recover limonene and colored citrus molasses mucus (solidifies by cooling) ). The dried pulp sprinkled with citrus molasses to form a mixed pulp molded product is currently shipped for livestock feed, but has little nutritional value and is considered to be merely a feed filler. ing.

According to preliminary results of the present inventors,
When the particle size of the dried powder is 20 to 200 mesh, the saccharification by the enzyme is accelerated and the solubility in borotrifluoride hydrate is recognized to be large. It has been recognized that the powdering effect is greatly amplified and affected also in a biochemical reaction after electron beam irradiation.

Next, WHO (World Health Organization), IAEA
(International Atomic Energy Agency), FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization)
According to the Joint Committee Report of the Organization (November 1980),
It is recommended that the irradiation of foods with electron beams be used with the following distinct doses depending on the purpose.

Low dose (1 kGy or less): Suppression of germination, insecticide, delayed ripening. Medium dose (1 kGy to 10 kGy): partial sterilization, sterilization of diseased bacteria,
Sterilization of molds. High dose (10 kGy to 50 kGy): complete sterilization, virus inactivation. High and high doses (50 kGy to 200 kGy): enzyme inactivation.

In the present invention, the irradiation is performed in accordance with the range of the above-mentioned division, but the irradiation is not limited to this range when a strong electron beam is required.

When a polymer material is irradiated with an electron beam, a main chain fragmentation and a cross-linking reaction occur at the same time, and polymer deterioration due to an electron beam oxidation reaction also occurs. Which reaction has priority
It is determined by conditions such as chemical structure and irradiation effect or atmosphere. When the polymer material is a softwood material having a large amount of lignin, it is saccharified by performing strong electron beam irradiation or the like and then decomposing it with a saccharifying enzyme.

When irradiating the plant juice with an electron beam,
It is desirable that the raw material is previously finely pulverized in order to increase the irradiation efficiency. This is either a dried juice residue or a wet juice residue, or a juice residue dispersed in water. Is also necessary.

The particle size of the vegetable juice residue suitable for the present invention is at least 20 mesh, particularly preferably from 20 to 200 mesh from a practical point of view.

The present inventors have set the particle size to 20 to 20.
It has been confirmed that, when the mesh size is set to 0 mesh, the chemical and biochemical reaction activities of the powder of the plant juice are significantly improved by electron beam irradiation, and it is also confirmed that sterilization is performed at the same time.

Next, mycelial fungi belong to the ascomycota (Ascomycota) and the subphylum incomplete fungi (Duteromycotina), and their high-quality molds are useful in the present invention. Blue mold, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Neurospora, Trichoderma and the like are used.

[0029] Yeast-type fungi belong to Ascomycota phylum Ascomycetes (Protoascomacetes), and Koboquin (yeast) is well known, and there are many types. For example, genus Saccharomyces, genus Hansenula, genus Pichia, genus Debaryomyces, genus Schizosaccharomyces, genus Candida, genus Cryptococcus, genus Turkey, genus Rhodotorula, and the like are used.

Mycelium-type fungi grow by growing hyphae, while yeast-type fungi grow in budding fashion. Although the ascomycetes are systematically predominant, their development is completely different from that of fungal fungi of hyphal fungi.

In the present invention, mold and yeast may be used separately, or both may be used in combination.
Next, it is desirable to use yeast in order.

It should be noted that mold must be propagated as the hypha elongates. Therefore, when performing a liquid phase reaction, care must be taken not to damage the mycelium. It may be cultured under. Molds also tend to grow without sufficient nutrients in the culture medium, but yeasts, especially yeasts that produce proteins, require sufficient nutrients including a nitrogen source.

[0033]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A typical embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

[0034] Mandarin orange (Citrus aurantium)
Is washed and squeezed with a pressing machine to obtain sap (a mixture of fruit juice containing some d-limonene) and squeezed sap approximately by half. The squeezed residue has a water content of about 8
0%, d-limonene is contained in 0.5 to several%, and it contains 15 to 20% of carbohydrates, 1.5 to 2.0% of crude fiber, and about 0.2 to 0.2% of crude fat. %, Crude protein about 1.0%, total nitrogen content about 1.0%, ash content 0.5-1.
0%, and the pH is 4.0-4.5. Since this product contains pectic substances, lime milk is added to the juice residue before drying to neutralize (pH 5.0 to 5.5), stirred, and then pressed again. Since about 20% of the liquid is obtained, it is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50-60 ° C.
This concentrate has a water content of 20-25% and a sugar content of 35-40.
%, Sucrose 12-20%, total nitrogen content about 0.5-0.6
%, Ash content 0.2-1.0%, pH 5.0-5.5.

To 1 kg of the dried squeezed residue neutralized with the lime milk and pressed again, 200 g of the citrus molasses obtained above was added, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed in a kneader and then temporarily heated to 120 ° C. The dried product is pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve.

The obtained 100-mesh fine powder is placed in an electron beam irradiator manufactured by Nissin High Voltage Co., Ltd., spread thinly, and irradiated with an electron beam of 750 kV, 30 Mrad, (300 kGy) at room temperature (15 to 30 ° C.). Irradiate for a few seconds.

Then, 10 g of Aspergillus niger as a mycelium-type fungus was added to 1 kg of this electron beam irradiated material in hot water 100 g.
After adding the suspension dissolved in ml and kneading well, the mixture is extruded from a molding nozzle and kept at 35 ° C. for 10 days to give a rice cake covered with white Aspergillus.

The obtained rice cake-like material was used as a medium [NaH ₂ PO
_{4 1.2g / 1, KH 2 PO} 4 0.8g / 1, MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O 0.4g /
_{1, FeCl 3 · 6H 2 O} 1.2g / 1, CuCl 2 · 2H 2 O 1.32mg /
_{1, ZnSO 4 · 6H 2 O} 0.36mg / 1, CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O 0.16mg
_{/ 1, MnSO 4 · 4H 2} O 0.3mg / 1, CoCl 2 · 6H 2 O 0.36mg
/ 1 and (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ total 30 g / 1 (additionally added but here the total amount is described) and (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO total 14 g / 1 (partial addition but here the total amount is added) 500 g of an aqueous solution adjusted to pH 5.5 to 6.0 and 10 g of Candida utilis as a yeast-type fungus are added, and while stirring, air containing 2% oxygen is blown thereinto, and the reaction is carried out at 25 to 30 ° C. for 50 hours. After the reaction, the resulting paste is separated by filtration, washed with water, dried and pulverized, and 800 g of fermented protein feed of about 55% crude protein is obtained.
Is obtained.

The fermented protein feed thus obtained was dried with hot air at 120 ° C. and then used in place of soybean meal as a compounding material for pig feed or fish farming feed. Good results were obtained.

The electron beam irradiation at room temperature (15-30 ° C.) for several seconds to several minutes is performed by using a steam sterilizer at 121 ° C.
Sterilization at the same level as when sterilized at 132 ° C. for several hours can be performed.

According to experiments conducted by the present inventors, ethylene oxide sterilization requires about 10 hours at 20 ° C. to 60 ° C.

[0042]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present inventors have conducted a number of experiments on the present invention. Among them, a few representative examples sufficient to explain the technical contents of the present invention have been extracted from the following examples. As shown. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to only the examples described below, and it is a matter of course that the embodiments can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the spirit and spirit of the present invention. is there.

Example 1: Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit was washed and squeezed using a pressing machine to obtain sap (a mixture of fruit juice containing some d-limonene) and squeezed residue. And about half each. The squeezed residue has about 80% water and 0.7-1.2 d-limonene.
% Is included. It contains 14-1 carbohydrates
8%, crude fiber 2.2-2.5%, crude lipid about 0.2
%, About 1.0% of crude protein, about 1.0% of total nitrogen, and about 0.8% of ash, and the pH is 3.7. After adding 0.6% lime milk to this squeezed residue and neutralizing and kneading, 30%
If left for a minute, water separation occurs, so pressing it again yields a liquid of about 25% of the original raw fruit. When this liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure, citrus molasses having a sugar content of about 40% is obtained.

The crushed citrus cake (pulp) again
After drying at 120 ° C., this is mechanically finely pulverized, and powders and granules passing through 150 to 160 mesh of a Tyler sieve are collected and put in a polyethylene bag, and the powders and granules are spread to a thickness of about 1 mm. Then, the sample is placed in the electron beam irradiation device and irradiated with an electron beam. Electron beam is 750kV, 30Mrad, (300kGy)
At room temperature (15-30 ° C.) for several seconds.

Next, 12 g of Trichoderma viride as a mycelial fungus and 100 g of a medium solution (a pH 6.0 ammonium sulfate solution containing minerals, phosphates, magnesium salts, and vitamins) were added to 500 g of the electron beam irradiated material. After sufficiently kneading in a kneader, the mixture was extruded by pressurizing through a nozzle and kept at 30 ° C. for 7 days. Then, the mixture was again placed in a kneader to obtain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 as a yeast-type fungus.
g and medium solution (pH including yeast extract, peptone, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, etc.)
After adding 150 g of the solution (7.0 solution) and kneading the mixture sufficiently, the mixture is extruded into granules by pressurizing through a molding nozzle and fermented for 50 hours (25-30 ° C.) while slowly stirring in the air to form a rice cake. . This rice cake was washed with water, crushed and dried to obtain 42 to 44% of crude protein, 0.5% of fat, and 30% of carbohydrate.
400 g of fermented protein feed with 5% and ash content of 2 to 3% was obtained. This became the raw material of the compound feed for fish farming.

Comparative Example 1: When the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the electron beam was not irradiated, the crude protein was 6.5.
%, Fat 1.2%, carbohydrate (carbohydrate and fiber) 79.7
%, 415 g of powder having an ash content of 11.5%.

Comparative Example 2: When the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that Trichoderma viride and the medium were not added, 10.5% of crude protein, 1.5% of lipid, carbohydrate (sugar and fiber) ) Powder 4 with 38.7% and 15.2% ash
10 g were obtained.

Example 2: Grape fruits (Citrus paradisi) are washed and squeezed with a pressing machine to obtain sap and squeezed sap approximately by half. This squeezed residue is ground with a juice mixer to about 0.5 to 0.7 mm to form a paste, to which lime milk is added to adjust the pH to 5.3.
Adjust so that This pH adjustment makes it easier for the paste to be drained, so pressing it again yields a liquid equivalent to about 20% of the original grapefruit. When this liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure, the sugar content was 37%, the pH was
A citrus molasses of 5.3 is obtained.

After the above-mentioned squeezing again to obtain a liquid containing Citrus molasses, the paste is put into a polyethylene bag, and the paste is thinned with a rolling pin (about 1.5 mm thick).
After being spread, it is sealed and put into the electron beam irradiation device to irradiate it with an electron beam. Electron beam is 750kV, 30Mrad, (300kG
y) is continuously irradiated for several seconds at room temperature (15-30 ° C.).

Next, 1000 g of this electron beam irradiated material was
Aspergillus niger 10g and 85 as hyphal fungi
% H_ThreePO_Four3.2 g / 1, KOH 1.2 g / 1, NaOH 0.
02g / 1, MgSO_Four・ 7H_TwoO 1.0g / 1 FeCl_Three・ 6H
_TwoO 15mg / 1, CuSO_Four・ 5H _TwoO 0.1mg / 1, Kl
1.2mg / 1, MnSO_Four・ 4H_TwoO 1.5mg / 1, ZnSO_Four・
6H_TwoO 1.0 mg / 1 and (NH_Four)_TwoSO_FourTotal 16g / 1 (split
PH of the solution to be added
Mix with the medium solution adjusted to 5.5 to 6.6, and
About 1 week in a thermostat that can be distributed
Incubate.

Next, 10 g of Hansenula anomala as a yeast-type fungus was added to the culture, and the mixture was added at 25-30 ° C. for 4 hours.
Stir for 8 hours to blow air and ferment. The precipitate formed after the reaction was filtered off and dried at 120 ° C. to obtain 700 g of fermented protein feed.

The fermented protein feed thus obtained has a water content of 45%.
%, Crude protein 48%, lipid 0.5%, carbohydrate 19.5
% And an ash content of 2.6%, which were optimal as respective compounding materials for livestock, poultry raising, and fish raising.

Comparative Example 3 When the same operation as in Example 2 was performed except that the electron beam irradiation was not performed, crude protein 11.5
%, Lipid 2.5%, carbohydrate (carbohydrate and fiber) 77.0
% And an ash content of 7.2% were obtained.

When the same operation as in Example 2 was performed except that Aspergillus niger and the medium were not added, crude protein 21.5%, lipid 0.6%, carbohydrate (carbohydrate and fiber) 30.4% % And ash content 4.4% were obtained.

Example 3 A dried product of a residue obtained by squeezing a sugar component from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) (a relatively hard white bulk powder) is pulverized by a ball mill into a powder having a particle size of 100 mesh. This powder is put in a polyethylene bag, sealed, and activated by irradiation with an electron beam of 750 kV, 50 Mrad, (500 kGy) for several tens of seconds. A liquid in which 5 g of Aspergillus niger was dispersed in 100 ml of hot water was added to 500 g of the activated powder, and the mixture was kneaded.
When kept at 5 ° C. for 10 days, the whole becomes a rice cake covered with white Aspergillus.

Next, the rice cake-like material was added with Na as a medium component liquid.
H ₂ PO ₄ 1.2g, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.8g, MgSO ₄・ 7H ₂ O 0.4g, FeCl ₃・
_{6H 2 O 1.2g, CuCl 2 ·} 2H 2 O 1.32mg, ZnSO 4 · 6H 2 O 0.36mg,
_{CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O 0.16mg,} MnSO 4 · 7H 2 O 0.3mg, CoCl 2 · 6H
500 ml of a solution of 0.36 mg of ₂ O, 30 g of (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ and 14 g of (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO (these are added in portions, but the total amount is described here) in 1 l of water, and 10 g of Candida utilis. Was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to react for 70 hours by blowing sterilized air at 25 to 30 ° C. After cooling, the precipitate was separated from the liquid by filtration, washed with water, and dried at 120 ° C for 2 hours.
350 g of an 8% fermented protein feed was obtained. This was used as a raw material for compound feed for livestock.

Example 4: Equal amounts of apple juice, pineapple juice and orange juice were put into a juice mixer, and lime milk was added dropwise while grinding to neutralize the mixture to a pH of 5.5 to 6. Adjust to 0 to obtain a paste. This pH
Since the paste-like material is easily drained by the adjustment, the paste-like material is pressed and collected as a cake-like material, and the cake-like material is dried at 110 to 120 ° C and pulverized. Put the pulverized product in a polyethylene bag and seal tightly (thickness: about 1.5mm)
After spreading, an electron beam of 750 kV, 70 Mrad, (700 kGy) is irradiated for several seconds.

Next, 200 ml of a medium component liquid having the same composition as the medium component liquid used in Example 3 and 0.5 g of Hansenula Petersonii were added to 100 g of the irradiated material, and sterilized air containing moisture was allowed to flow. When the mixture is kneaded at −28 ° C. and reacted, the reactant changes into a paste-like component. After reacting for 4 days, the mixture was cooled, and the paste in the solution was washed with water, filtered and dried (120 ° C.) to obtain 88 g of feed powder having a protein content of 33 to 35%. This became the raw material of the compound feed for poultry farming.

[0059]

At present, the demand for feeds having a high protein content as feeds for fish farming, livestock raising and poultry raising is increasing.
Since this tendency is expected to become larger in the 21st century, the present invention that can effectively utilize plant juice scum treated as waste as feed with a high protein content contributes to food security in Japan. It can be said.

In the present invention, there is an advantage that sterilization can be performed at room temperature in a short time by irradiation with electron beams, continuous operation can be performed, and irradiation of electrons can be stopped entirely by simply turning off the power. In the industrial practice of the present invention, mass production can be performed efficiently and safely.

Therefore, it can be said that the industrial applicability of the present invention is very large.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A23K 1/18 A23K 1/18 Z 102 102A (72) Inventor Masayuki Takada Le Middle Gold Buddha Town 211 Nuver Heights 502 F-term (Reference) 2B005 BA01 DA01 EA01 GA01 GA02 KA03 KA04 LB07 MB02 2B150 AA01 AA03 AA05 AA07 AA08 AB20 AC15 AC22 AC24 AC25 AC27 AC28 BA02 BB01 BD05 CA06 CA17 CA18 CA40

Claims (5)

[Claims] The method of claim 1, wherein the powder of the plant juice is irradiated with an electron beam to enhance the reaction activity and sterilize. Then, a mycelium-type fungus is added to the powder of the plant juice, and the powder is added in the presence of water. A method for producing a feed, comprising breeding mycelial fungi and fermenting by adding yeast fungi. 2. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1, wherein the powder of the plant squeezer is a powder or a wet body having a particle size of 20 to 200 mesh. 3. The powder of plant juice residue is plant juice, plant juice,
A powder of a residue obtained by separating and removing at least one sap selected from the group consisting of plant essential oil, plant processed product extract juice, plant milk and a mixture thereof from the plant.
A method for producing the feed as described above. 4. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1, wherein a yeast-type fungus and a medium component thereof are added. 5. The method for producing a feed according to claim 1, further comprising adding a mycelial fungus and a medium component thereof.