JP2000179814A - Refuse gasifying/melting facility and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress abnormal phenomenon by detecting firing of refuse in a thermal decomposition furnace and firing of thermal decomposition residue in a thermal decomposition residue transfer unit using respective detection values thereby sensing an abnormal phenomenon disturbing normal operation. SOLUTION: Shell section 22 of a thermal decomposition furnace 2 is coupled with a heat carrier supply pipe 211 and piping 213 for supplying cooling water 212. When a decision is made that abnormal temperature rise (firing of refuse or thermal decomposition residue) is present in the reaction vessel of a thermal decomposition furnace, a controller delivers an alarm and switches a switching valve 214 not to supply heat carrier to the shell section 22 from the heat carrier supply pipe 211 but to supply cooling water thereto from the cooling water piping 213 in order to cool the reaction vessel 23 forcibly. At the same time, operation for increasing the current velocity of nitrogen 20 is carried out. In this regard, the controller may interrupt refuse supply to the thermal decomposition furnace 2 by interrupting operation of a refuse feeder 2B.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gasification and melting apparatus for waste (general waste such as municipal waste from homes and offices, industrial plastics such as waste plastics, shredder dust, and waste electronic equipment) and the like. It relates to a control method. Abnormal situations that occur especially in gasification and melting equipment that has a pyrolysis furnace that pyrolyzes waste and separates volatile components and solid carbon components, a pyrolysis exhaust gas pipe, a pyrolysis exhaust gas combustor, and a combustion melting furnace for pyrolysis residues ( Phenomena such as the phenomenon that the inside of the pyrolysis gas pipe is blocked by tar components or the phenomenon that the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis furnace ignites) is detected using the measured values of temperature, pressure, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and protected. The present invention relates to a method for operating while the gasification and melting apparatus and a gasification and melting apparatus provided with a control device for an abnormal situation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one of waste treatment apparatuses including general waste such as municipal solid waste and combustibles such as waste plastics, waste is sent to a pyrolysis furnace and placed in an inert atmosphere or a low oxygen atmosphere. Pyrolysis by heating, pyrolysis residue consisting of dry distillation gas and mainly non-volatile components (pyrolysis residue)
And further continuously cooling the pyrolysis residue, and then supplying the flammable component containing solid carbon as a main component to a pulverizer, for example, pottery, an incombustible component consisting of debris such as gravel, etc. Separated, flammable components are pulverized by a crusher and then guided to a melting furnace for combustion treatment.The resulting combustion ash and ash contained in the non-combustible components are converted into molten slag, and the molten slag is discharged and cooled A solid waste treatment apparatus is known (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-49816).

Further, in a dry distillation combustion method and apparatus using a pyrolysis drum, the intensity of gas generation in the dry distillation drum is detected by the pressure in the gas path, and the number of revolutions of the gas compressor is adjusted. A processing apparatus is known (JP-A-7-305067).

[0004]

In a conventional waste treatment apparatus, tartarization gas (hereinafter, referred to as "pyrolysis gas") generated when pyrolysis of waste in a pyrolysis furnace is cooled in the middle of the process to produce tar. There is a problem that the condensed components in the pyrolysis gas such as the condensate condense, adhere to the inner wall of the pyrolysis gas pipe and block the pipe, and it is difficult to continue the pyrolysis under stable conditions. was there.

[0005] In addition, the amount of waste to be supplied fluctuates in the process of sending the waste into the pyrolysis furnace, and the supply amount may not be constant. Furthermore, when the pyrolysis residue (hereinafter referred to as char) generated as a result of the pyrolysis is discharged from the pyrolysis furnace, tar remaining in the char condenses near the pyrolysis furnace outlet and causes the char to stay. As a result, a situation occurs in which stable operation is hindered. Further, if a leak (air leakage) occurs in the pyrolysis furnace, there is a risk that pyrolysis residues or waste in the pyrolysis furnace may ignite and burn.

[0006] Since these abnormal phenomena are dangerous,
Suppression of occurrence of abnormal phenomena and prompt detection of the occurrence of such phenomena are required.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal cracking method for waste, which is caused by a blockage at a material supply side due to a poor supply of waste material, a blockage of a char generated at a char outlet side by a bridge, or after decomposition of tar or the like. An object of the present invention is to detect abnormal phenomena that hinder normal operation, such as clogging in a gas pipe due to condensed components, or ignition of char or raw material in a pyrolysis furnace, and suppress the abnormal phenomena.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional apparatus, and it is intended to dispose waste in an inert atmosphere or a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere. Sent to a rotary drum-like pyrolysis furnace held in the furnace, and heats and heat-decomposes the fed waste, and pyrolysis residue mainly composed of dry distillation gas and non-volatile components (char)
A pyrolysis furnace for producing and discharging a pyrolysis gas, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace by a carbonization gas discharge pipe to burn the carbonization gas, and a pyrolysis residue transfer device for moving the pyrolysis residue of the pyrolysis furnace And, in a method of controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus having a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting a pyrolysis residue, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at a plurality of locations dispersed along the waste moving direction, The temperature inside the pyrolysis residue transfer device, the atmospheric oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis furnace and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor, and the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe, It is characterized by detecting the ignition of the waste in the pyrolysis furnace and the ignition of the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis residue transfer device using the detected values. The oxygen concentration increases, the pressures of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe are almost constant (preferably within a fluctuation range of ± 10%), and the inlet side of the pyrolysis furnace is closer to the entrance than the center. When the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace rises almost constant (preferably within the fluctuation range of ± 10 ° C) or rises and the temperature at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace and the temperature inside the pyrolysis residue transfer device rise, Is determined to have ignited, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere of the pyrolysis furnace is increased, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor is almost constant (± 100 with respect to the original oxygen concentration value of 100). (It is desirable to be within the fluctuation range of 20 to 25)
Alternatively, the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe is substantially constant (preferably within a fluctuation range of ± 10%), and the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is substantially constant (the fluctuation range is ± 1%).
When the temperature inside the thermal decomposition residue transfer device rises, it is determined that the thermal decomposition residue inside the thermal decomposition residue transfer device has ignited.

[0009] The pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor are detected, and the detected pyrolysis furnace is used by using the detected values. An indication of the occurrence of blockage due to a condensed component in the carbonized gas in one of the carbonized gas discharge pipe and the pyrolysis gas combustor may be sensed. The oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas increases, the detected pressure of the pyrolysis furnace increases, and the pressure of the carbonization gas discharge pipe is substantially constant (±
When it is within the fluctuation range of 10%) or decreases, it is determined that a blockage has occurred between the pressure detection point of the pyrolysis furnace and the pressure detection point of the carbonization gas discharge pipe, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas increases. When both the detected pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the detected pressure of the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe increase, it is determined that a blockage has occurred between the pressure detection point of the pyrolysis gas discharge pipe and the pyrolysis gas combustor. .

In addition, the temperature of the raw material waste inlet side of the pyrolysis furnace, the oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis gas, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor, the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe May be detected, and a decrease in the supply amount of the raw material or a change in the supply amount of the raw material to the pyrolysis furnace may be detected using the detected values. When the raw material waste inlet side temperature of the pyrolysis furnace increases, the oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis gas increases, and the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe does not change, the amount of the raw material supplied to the pyrolysis furnace Is determined to decrease.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, and a pyrolysis furnace connected to the pyrolysis furnace by a carbonization gas discharge pipe. A pyrolysis gas combustor for burning the carbonized gas;
In a waste gasification and melting apparatus having a pyrolysis residue transfer device for moving the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis furnace and a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is reduced. Temperature measuring means for detecting the temperature of the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis residue transfer device while detecting at a plurality of locations dispersed along the waste moving direction, and discharging the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis gas combustor from the pyrolysis gas combustor Oxygen concentration detecting means for measuring the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas, and ignition of waste in the pyrolysis furnace and heat in the pyrolysis residue transfer device based on outputs of the temperature measuring means and the oxygen concentration detecting means. And a control device for determining the presence or absence of ignition of one or both of the decomposition residues. The pyrolysis furnace is provided with a cooling means, and the control device outputs an alarm indicating the ignition phenomenon when detecting the ignition phenomenon in the pyrolysis furnace, and cools the pyrolysis furnace by the cooling means. It is desirable to control.

Pressure measuring means for measuring the pressures of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe; oxygen concentration detecting means for detecting the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor; And a control device for detecting a sign of the occurrence of blockage in any one of the pyrolysis furnace, the carbonization gas discharge pipe, and the pyrolysis gas combustor based on the output of the oxygen concentration detection means. It may be a gasification and melting device. A plurality of the carbonized gas discharge pipes are provided in parallel, and the control device, when detecting the sign of the blockage of the carbonized gas discharge pipe, outputs an alarm indicating that the sign of the blockage is detected and the position where the blockage has occurred. It is desirable to control so as to switch the system of the carbonization gas discharge pipe.

[0013] Further, a temperature measuring means for measuring a raw material waste inlet side temperature of the pyrolysis furnace, and an atmosphere oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis furnace and an oxygen concentration of exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor are detected. Oxygen concentration detecting means, pressure measuring means for detecting the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the pressure of the carbonization gas discharge pipe, and using the respective detected values of the temperature measuring means, oxygen concentration detecting means and pressure measuring means, A waste gasification / melting apparatus including a control device for detecting a change in the amount of raw material supplied to the pyrolysis furnace may be provided. The raw material supply to the pyrolysis furnace is configured to be performed by waste raw material supply means capable of adjusting the raw material supply rate, and the control device reduces the raw material supply amount to the pyrolysis furnace or changes the raw material supply amount. It is desirable to output an alarm and adjust the raw material supply speed of the waste raw material supply means when detecting the waste.

The pyrolysis furnace comprises a reaction vessel in which waste is thermally decomposed and an external heating vessel (jacket) attached to the outside thereof, and the reaction vessel is heated by a heating medium sent to the external heating vessel. In this case, the temperature of the atmosphere in the reaction vessel at the time of pyrolysis of the waste in the pyrolysis furnace is preferably about 400 to 550 ° C. In order to obtain this temperature, the temperature of the external heating vessel (that is, the temperature of the heating medium in the jacket) is preferably set to a maximum of 700 ° C., and the temperature of the external heating vessel is controlled by the temperature of the heating medium fed into the external heating vessel. The temperature is adjusted by the temperature, and the temperature of the reaction vessel is preferably measured by a plurality of thermocouples inserted and fixed in an external heating vessel close to the reaction vessel. The thermocouple inserted into the external heating vessel reflects a change in the ambient temperature in the reaction vessel. The temperature at the inlet side of the raw material (raw material waste, hereinafter the same) in the reaction vessel is lower than the temperature of the heating medium in the external heating vessel depending on the moisture content of the raw material waste, and the longitudinal direction of the reaction vessel (waste material transfer) Direction) Lower than the temperature at the center or at the char outlet side. A change in the temperature of the raw material waste inlet side of the reaction vessel serves as an index indicating a change in the feed speed of the raw material.

Further, between the raw material supply side and the char discharge port side of the pyrolysis furnace, or between the char discharge port side and the carbonized gas discharge pipe (hereinafter, referred to as pyrolysis gas pipe), or a key point of the pyrolysis step. A differential pressure transmitter is disposed in the pipe, and the amount of tar in the carbonized gas is condensed in the pipe and the pyrolysis gas is difficult to be discharged. It is also possible to control the amount or rate of waste to be fed into the pyrolysis furnace, or to sequentially switch a plurality of carbonized gas discharge pipes previously arranged in parallel with each other.

Further, the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace is supplied, and the oxygen concentration of the combustion exhaust gas burned in a pyrolysis gas combustor in which a flame is formed by separately supplied propane gas and air is measured. By measuring, the fluctuation of the flow rate of the pyrolysis gas sent into the pyrolysis gas combustor is sensed, and the measured oxygen concentration and the output of the differential pressure transmitter are input to block the piping or the like, or It is determined whether or not a situation such as flow path reduction has occurred. At the same time, when such a situation is detected, the feed amount or feed rate of the raw material waste to the pyrolysis furnace is controlled, and a plurality of carbonized gas discharge pipes previously arranged in parallel with each other are sequentially placed. The switching may be performed to respond to the blockage of the pipe.

In a process and an apparatus for thermally decomposing waste by using a pyrolysis furnace, a pressure change of each part of the process or the apparatus is measured, and based on the pressure change and a position where the pressure change occurs,
Detects the degree of progress of blockage due to poor feeding of waste inside the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis furnace, blockage due to bridging of char near the outlet of the reaction vessel, or blockage due to tar components etc. in the pyrolysis gas exhaust gas pipe. be able to.

Further, when a clogging phenomenon occurs, it is necessary to identify the place where the clogging phenomenon occurs, to take measures and to return to the steady state. The occurrence of the clogging phenomenon of the waste thermal decomposition apparatus can be detected as follows. That is, since gas does not flow downstream from the blockage occurrence site, the pressure upstream (upstream side) of the blockage occurrence site increases. In addition, the phenomenon that the inside of the exhaust gas pipe is blocked by tar and the like generated by the thermal decomposition of waste occurs frequently, and the cross-sectional area of the carbonized gas discharge pipe decreases in proportion to the operation time, and the pressure increases continuously. Is displayed as In addition, as a result of closing the carbonization gas discharge pipe, the pyrolysis gas is not sent to the pyrolysis gas combustor, and oxygen consumption in the pyrolysis gas combustor decreases. Therefore, the oxygen concentration value detected by the oxygen concentration meter attached to the downstream of the pyrolysis gas combustor or the combustion exhaust gas duct becomes high. A constant value is measured for the oxygen concentration of the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor under the following two conditions.

When there is no thermal decomposition treatment of waste. In this case, in the pyrolysis gas combustor, it is necessary to previously form a flame by mixing LPG and air.
The oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas is determined by the mixing ratio of G and air. For example, if LPG ⁵ Nm ³ / h is burned with air 500 Nm ³ / h to form a flame for exhaust gas combustion, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas will be 16%.

The waste is thermally decomposed, and the waste is fed into the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis furnace at a constant rate (the amount of raw material supplied to the pyrolysis furnace per unit time is constant). If continuously pyrolyzed below. In this case,
Under the condition that the supply amounts of LPG and air to the pyrolysis gas combustor do not fluctuate, the oxygen concentration in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor is generated by the processing speed of waste and pyrolysis. It is uniquely determined by the amount of pyrolysis gas. If the oxygen concentration of the combustion exhaust gas is constant during the operation of the thermal decomposition furnace, the thermal decomposition of the waste is proceeding under constant conditions.

However, when the oxygen concentration starts to change, it means that (i) the feed rate of the waste has started to change, (ii) the amount of generated pyrolysis gas has changed due to the change in the properties of the waste, and (ii)
i) Pyrolysis gas pipes have started to clog, or pyrolysis gas has stopped entering the pyrolysis gas combustor.If the pyrolysis gas pipes start to block during operation of the pyrolysis furnace, The concentration increases gradually. When the flue gas oxygen concentration gradually rises and the pressure output from the differential pressure transmitter at the pyrolysis furnace outlet side and pyrolysis gas piping increases,
The cause is a blockage of the carbonization gas discharge pipe that leads the pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis gas combustor.

If the pyrolysis furnace is provided with temperature measuring means for detecting the temperature of the reaction vessel, it is possible to detect ignition of waste or char in the pyrolysis furnace. The temperature measuring means is inserted from a jacket through which a heating medium for heating the pyrolysis furnace is circulated, so that the temperature-sensitive portion is located at a position for measuring the temperature of the heating medium in the jacket, preferably the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the reaction vessel. Will be installed. In order to quickly estimate the location of the occurrence of the abnormal phenomenon, it is desirable that the temperature measuring means be provided at the raw material inlet side, the central part in the raw material moving direction, the char outlet side, and the like of the pyrolysis furnace. In order to detect whether or not the char generated by the pyrolysis has ignited, it is also effective to provide a temperature measuring means immediately before the char cooler of the pyrolysis residue discharge device. If the waste or char in the pyrolysis furnace ignites,
It can be detected by an increase in the temperature indicated by the temperature measuring means provided in the outer wall of the pyrolysis furnace.

Assuming that such a signal appears, a signal value for determining in advance the transition from the steady operation to the emergency response, that is, a reference for determining that the waste or the char in the pyrolysis furnace has ignited. The signal value (temperature) is determined, and when the signal value is exceeded, an operation that acts in a direction to eliminate the temperature rise of the reaction vessel is performed by the control device. In order to cope with abnormal temperature rise of the pyrolysis furnace, it is necessary to install a circuit that can shut off the heat medium sent into the pyrolysis furnace jacket and introduce cooling water into the pyrolysis furnace jacket in advance. Is desirable.

If the supply rate of the waste material to the pyrolysis furnace is reduced for some reason, the temperature indicated by the temperature measuring means installed in the vicinity of the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis furnace indicates that a certain amount of the waste material has been supplied. Rise with respect to temperature. At the same time, the oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis gas also increases. If these two changes are sensed at the same time and there is no change in the output of the differential pressure measuring means, it means that the supply speed of the waste raw material has decreased, and the control device determines the waste feeder. And outputs a signal instructing that the supply speed of the waste material be increased.

[0025]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited only to the following examples.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste gasification treatment apparatus to which the present invention is applied. As shown in FIG.
The waste treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a pyrolysis portion that pyrolyzes raw material waste, generates a pyrolysis gas 25, and discharges remaining pyrolysis residue (char), and the discharged pyrolysis residue. , A pyrolysis residue transfer device for moving the pyrolysis gas, a pyrolysis gas combustion portion for burning the pyrolysis gas, and a combustion melting portion for burning and melting the transferred pyrolysis residue.

The pyrolysis section includes a pyrolysis furnace 2 for pyrolyzing the raw material waste 1, and a waste supply hopper 2A connected to a raw material supply end (entrance end) of the pyrolysis furnace 2 via a waste feeder 2B. , Waste supply hopper 2A and waste feeder 2B
A charcoal discharge port 24 provided at the downstream end of the pyrolysis furnace 2;
B and a differential pressure transmitter 41 for measuring and outputting the atmospheric pressure in the waste feeder 2B;
Temperature measuring terminals 261, 262, 263 for measuring and outputting the ambient temperature in the inlet, near the center of the raw material movement direction, and the char outlet, respectively;
And an oxygen concentration meter 341 for measuring and outputting the oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis gas in the inside 4.

The pyrolysis residue transfer device has a char outlet 24
And a char cooler 4, a char crusher 5, a char classifier 7, a char hopper 8, and a char discharge port 24 which are connected in series from the upstream side to the char discharge pipe 24A. And a temperature measurement terminal 265 which is attached to a char discharge pipe 24A between the char cooler 4 and measures and outputs the temperature inside the pipe.

[0029] The combustion and melting portion is provided in the char discharge pipe 24.
A combustion / melting furnace 9 connected to the downstream end of A for burning char, a slag discharge port provided at the bottom of the combustion / melting furnace 9 to discharge the slag 10, and a suction side connected to the upper part of the combustion / melting furnace 9 , A heating medium inlet pipe 211 that connects the upper part of the combustion melting furnace 9 and the pyrolysis furnace 2 via a switching valve 214, and another outlet port of the switching valve 214 (the 2) and a cooling water pipe 213 communicating the pyrolysis furnace 2.

The first outlet port of the switching valve 214 is connected to the pyrolysis furnace 2 via the heat medium inlet pipe 211,
Is connected to the combustion / melting furnace 9 via a heat medium feed pipe 211. The second inlet port of the switching valve 214 is connected to a cooling water source (not shown). The switching valve 214 includes a first inlet port and a first outlet port communicating with the first inlet port, and a second inlet port and a second outlet port communicating with the second inlet port. A state in which the first inlet port communicates with the first outlet port, and a state in which the second inlet port communicates with the second outlet port.
And the state of communicating with the outlet port of the vehicle.

The thermal decomposition furnace 2 has a heating medium between a hollow cylindrical or hollow polygonal reaction vessel 22 in which a thermal decomposition reaction is performed and an outer peripheral surface of the reaction vessel 22 formed around the reaction vessel 22. And a jacket 23 forming a space to which the cooling water is supplied. The cooling water pipe 213 and the heat medium supply pipe 211 are connected to the jacket 23. A pipe for discharging the heat medium 21 (or the cooling water 212) is also connected to the jacket 23. The temperature measurement terminals 261, 262, and 263 measure the temperature of the outer peripheral surface (or near the outer peripheral surface) of the reaction vessel 22 that can reflect the internal temperature of the reaction vessel 23.

Further, the differential pressure transmitter 4 as a pressure measuring means
1. temperature measuring terminals 261, 262,
263, 265, oxygen concentration meter 3 which is an oxygen concentration measuring means
41 continuously performs detection and continuously outputs detected values. Each output detection value is input to a control device (not shown). The control device is configured to ignite the waste in the pyrolysis furnace, ignite the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis residue transfer device, block the waste in the pyrolysis furnace, It is determined whether the discharge pipe is blocked due to adhesion of condensed matter in the carbonized gas, whether there is a change in the amount of waste supplied to the pyrolysis furnace (supply speed), and the like. Is output, and a predetermined process is performed in response to the abnormality.

Although the differential pressure transmitter 41 detects the pressure of the waste feeder 2B, the pressure may be detected at the waste inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2 instead of this pressure. , Substantially the same pressure can be obtained.

The pyrolysis gas combustion portion converts the pyrolysis gas 25 generated in the pyrolysis furnace 2 into propane gas 31 and air 32.
Gas combustor 3 to be burned in the combustion chamber, and an induced blower 11 arranged to connect the suction side of the pyrolysis gas combustor 3 via a flue gas duct 3A to discharge combustion flue gas 33
And an oxygen concentration meter 3 attached to the flue gas duct 3A and measuring and outputting the oxygen concentration of the flue gas 33 in the duct.
4, a four-way switching valve 60 that is installed by connecting the inlet side of the pyrolysis furnace 2 to the downstream end of the reaction vessel (the pyrolysis gas outlet side);
The four-way switching valve 61 installed with the outlet connected to the pyrolysis gas combustor 3 communicates with the first outlet port of the four-way switching valve 60 and the first inlet port of the four-way switching valve 61. Pyrolysis gas bypass pipe 273, a first pyrolysis gas pipe 272 that connects the second outlet port of the four-way switching valve 60 and the second inlet port of the four-way switching valve 61, and a four-way switching valve The second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 that communicates the third outlet port 60 with the third inlet port of the four-way switching valve 61, and at the upstream end and the downstream end of the second pyrolysis gas second pipe 271, respectively. The differential pressure transmitters 42 and 43 for measuring and outputting the pressure inside the pyrolysis gas second pipe 271 and the pyrolysis gas first pipes at the respective positions at two positions in the flow direction of the pyrolysis gas first pipe 272. Differential pressure transmitters 421 and 43 for measuring and outputting the pressure inside the pipe 272 If, insulation heater 29 attached to the pyrolysis gas first pipes 272 and pyrolysis gas the second pipe 271
1 and 290. The first pyrolysis gas pipe 272, the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 and the pyrolysis gas bypass pipe 273 are dry distillation gas discharge pipes.

Differential pressure transmitters 42 and 4 serving as pressure measuring means
The outputs of the oximeter 3, 421, 431 and the oximeter 34, which is an oxygen concentration generator, are also input to the controller (not shown).

The four-way switching valve 61 is configured to operate in conjunction with the four-way switching valve 60. That is, when the four-way switching valve 60 is operated to a position that connects the inlet port to the first outlet port, the four-way switching valve 61 is operated to a position that communicates the outlet port to the first inlet port. If the four-way switching valve 60 is operated to a position where the inlet port communicates with the second outlet port, the four-way switching valve 61 is connected to the outlet port and the second outlet port.
Is operated to a position that communicates with the entry-side port. Therefore, when the control device selects any one of the first pyrolysis gas pipe 272, the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 and the pyrolysis gas bypass pipe 273, the control apparatus sets the four-way switching valve 60 to the inlet port. Operate so that the outlet port to which the selected pipe is connected. Then, the four-way switching valve 61 operates following the four-way switching valve 60 to communicate the inlet port and the outlet port to which the selected pipe is connected.

The pyrolysis furnace 2 pyrolyzes the supplied waste 1 in a nitrogen 20 atmosphere or a low oxygen atmosphere to generate a dry distillation gas and mainly non-volatile components, that is, pyrolysis residues (chars). The char cooler 4 continuously cools the char discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 2. The char crusher 5 crushes the cooled char to a predetermined particle size. The char classifier 7 removes the spread metal 6 by mixing with the crushed char. The char hopper 8 temporarily stores the char after removing the metals 6. The combustion melting furnace 9
The char stored in the char hopper is burned with propane gas 31 and air 32. The char fed into the combustion melting furnace 9 is heated and burned, and is discharged as slag 10. Here, the low oxygen atmosphere means an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of about 4% or less.

A temperature measuring terminal 265 is provided between the char cooler 4 and the char outlet 24 of the pyrolysis furnace 2.
The change in temperature of the discharge char is recorded. A first pyrolysis gas pipe 272, a second pyrolysis gas pipe 271, and a pyrolysis gas bypass pipe 273 for discharging and sending the pyrolysis gas 25 are provided at the upper portion of the reaction vessel 23 on the side of the char outlet 24. 6
0, and is connected to the first pyrolysis gas pipe 27.
2. Heat retaining heaters 291 and 290 are installed on the outer periphery of the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 to prevent cooling of the pyrolysis gas 25, and the first pyrolysis gas pipe 272 and the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 It can be heated to over ℃. Pyrolysis gas first pipe 272, pyrolysis gas second pipe 2
71, each downstream end of the pyrolysis gas bypass pipe 273 is connected to the other pyrolysis gas combustor 3 via a four-way switching valve 61 so that, when a blockage phenomenon occurs in one of the pipes, the pipe is switched to another pipe. Is connected to

The pyrolyzed gas combustor 3 has propane gas 31
And a supply system for the air 32 and a flame is formed by the propane gas and the air so that the pyrolysis gas 25 can be burned and made harmless and discharged while the pyrolysis gas is sent.

The atmosphere inside the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the flue gas 33 discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor 3 guide a part of the gas from the char outlet 24 and the flue gas duct 3A to the oxygen concentration meters 341 and 34. Thereby, the concentration of oxygen contained therein can be measured. The combustion exhaust gas 33 discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor 3 is induced and exhausted by the induction blower 11 provided at the last stage of the exhaust gas treatment path.

The differential pressure transmitters 41 to 43, 421, 43
1 detects and outputs the difference between the pressure at the detection site and the atmospheric pressure. The pressure fluctuation in the reaction vessel 23 of the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the pressure fluctuation in the first pyrolysis gas pipe 272 and the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 can be measured using the differential pressure transmitters 41 to 43, 421, and 431.

A cooling water pipe 213 for supplying cooling water 212 together with a heating medium supply pipe 211 is connected to the outer jacket 22 of the thermal decomposition furnace 2. When the control device determines that there is an abnormal temperature rise inside the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis furnace (ignition of waste or pyrolysis residue), it outputs an alarm and switches the switching valve 214 to heat the jacket 22. The supply of the heat medium through the medium supply pipe 211 is stopped, and the cooling water pipe 21 is stopped.
The cooling water 212 is sent to the jacket 22 of the pyrolysis furnace 2 by 3 to forcibly cool the reaction vessel 23. At the same time, an operation of increasing the flow rate of the nitrogen 20 is also performed. In this case, the control device may stop the operation of the waste feeder 2 </ b> B and stop supplying the waste to the pyrolysis furnace 2.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of measurement at the waste input speed and the temperature measuring terminals 261 to 263 during the steady operation, with the elapsed time plotted on the horizontal axis. At the raw material inlet side of the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis furnace (temperature measurement terminal 261), a decrease in temperature is observed with the start of feeding of the raw material. Near the center (Temperature measurement terminal 26
In (2), a temperature drop is observed after the temperature drop on the entrance side, and the temperature on the char outlet side (temperature measurement terminal 263) tends to be constant after slightly rising. The present inventors conducted an operation test at a waste treatment amount of 75 kg / hour. Prior to charging the waste 1 into the pyrolysis furnace 2, first, LPG ⁵ Nm ³ /
h, 500 Nm ³ / h of air formed a flame for combustion of exhaust gas. At this time, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas from the pyrolysis gas combustor was 16%. That is, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of the pyrolysis gas combustor was reduced to 16% from the ordinary oxygen concentration in the air due to the oxygen consumption by the flame for the combustion of the exhaust gas. When the waste is sent into the pyrolysis furnace 2 and starts to be pyrolyzed, pyrolysis gas 25 starts to be generated. When the pyrolysis gas 25 is sent to the pyrolysis gas combustor 3, the sent pyrolysis gas 2
5 burns together with LPG in the pyrolysis gas combustor 3, so that the oxygen concentration of the combustor exhaust gas 33 is lower than when there is no pyrolysis gas, but the supply rate of waste is constant (in this case, After reaching 75 kg / hr), the oxygen concentration of the combustor exhaust gas 33 maintains a substantially constant value. In the case of this embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the combustor exhaust gas 33 was constant at about 4%. The oxygen concentration of the combustor exhaust gas 33 after the feed rate of the waste reaches a certain value varies depending on the amount of waste to be processed per unit time or the type of waste.

<Embodiment 2> In this embodiment, the result of steady operation and abnormal phenomena when the waste is sent to the pyrolysis furnace 2 at a rate of about 75 kg per hour and an abnormal phenomenon (pressure increase due to blockage in the pipe) The results at the time of expression are shown in comparison.

FIG. 3 shows the differential pressure transmitters 42 and 43 and the oximeter 3 when an abnormal phenomenon (pressure increase due to blockage in the piping) appears after the waste is thermally decomposed in a steady state.
4. Variations in the measurement result of the temperature measurement terminal 261 and the waste input speed are shown with the elapsed time on the horizontal axis. Differential pressure transmitter 4
Data indicating the increase in pressure appeared in the data of Nos. 2 and 43, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas from the pyrolysis gas combustor increased. Due to the pressure increase and the increase of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, the differential pressure transmitter 4
3 It can be determined that the pipe is blocked on the downstream side. When the controller determines that the pipe has been blocked, the controller operates the four-way switching valves 60 and 61 to change the flow path of the pyrolysis gas 25 to another pyrolysis gas pipe (in the case of the present embodiment, the blockage occurs. If the pipe is the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271, the first pyrolysis gas
(Switching to the pipe 272), and outputs an alarm indicating that one pipe is closed and switching to the other pipe. If there is no pipe to be switched, the supply of the waste to the pyrolysis furnace 2 is stopped, and an alarm indicating that the pipe is closed and the supply of the waste to the pyrolysis furnace 2 is stopped is output. The driver
After confirming the alarm, the operation for removing the blockage of the blocked pipe (in this case, the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271) is started. The output of the temperature measurement terminal 261 indicates that the temperature at the entrance side of the pyrolysis furnace has risen due to a decrease in the amount of raw material waste to be sent. In the case of this embodiment, since the pipe that caused the blockage was the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271, the four-way switching valve 60,
When the flow path of the pyrolysis gas 25 is switched to the pyrolysis gas first pipe 272 by the operation of 61, the blocked pipe (the pyrolysis gas second pipe 271) is cleaned in parallel with the operation. By doing so, it is possible to minimize fluctuations in the amount of waste disposal.

The pyrolysis gas bypass pipe 273 is an emergency route used when both the first pyrolysis gas pipe 272 and the second pyrolysis gas pipe 271 are blocked.

When the differential pressure transmitter 41 indicates an increase in the detected pressure, while the detected pressures of the differential pressure transmitters 42 and 43 do not fluctuate or tend to decrease, and the oxygen concentration indicated by the oximeter 34 increases, The control device determines that the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 2 is clogged, stops sending waste to the pyrolysis furnace 2, blocks the pyrolysis furnace 2 and removes waste to the pyrolysis furnace 2. Outputs an alarm indicating that the transfer has been stopped.

<Embodiment 3> Embodiment 3 is an example in which the waste feeding speed fluctuates (decreases) on the way due to some cause. FIG. 4 shows the temperature measurement terminals 261 and 261 in this embodiment.
Outputs 62 and 263 and fluctuations in the waste input speed are shown with the elapsed time on the horizontal axis. As shown in FIG. 4, the temperature of the waste inlet side of the pyrolysis furnace 2 (output of the temperature measuring terminal 261) is reduced at a constant speed due to a decrease in the waste feeding speed.
Rises when compared to the temperature level at which it is supplied. The criterion for judging the decrease in the waste feed rate is to simultaneously detect three phenomena, that is, a small pressure fluctuation inside the apparatus and an increase in the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas from the pyrolysis gas combustor.

If the waste feed is unstable from the start of operation for some reason, the temperature of the waste input side of the pyrolysis furnace 2 detected by the temperature measuring terminal 261 does not show a decrease to a certain level. Therefore, a state where the fluctuation width is not stabilized without showing a clear temperature rise is recognized.

When the waste feeding speed fluctuates, the temperature in the center of the reaction vessel (the output of the temperature measuring terminal 262) also changes in the same manner as the waste input side temperature. When the waste feeding speed decreases, the temperature in the center of the reaction vessel also tends to decrease, but the decrease is smaller than the temperature on the waste input side. Therefore, the temperature at the center of the reaction vessel may be used for sensing control of fluctuations in the waste transfer rate, but the waste transfer rate fluctuates due to the time delay until the waste reaches the center of the reaction vessel. The time delay from when the temperature in the center of the reaction vessel fluctuates until the temperature when the temperature in the waste inlet changes fluctuates. For this reason, if the temperature of the center of the reaction vessel is used for sensing control of fluctuations in the waste feeding speed, delays are likely to occur in response to changes in the amount of waste input, and there is a time disadvantage in responding to abnormal phenomena. There is. The same can be said for the char outlet side temperature (output of the temperature measuring terminal 263).

Further, as a result of this example, it was found that the gradient of the temperature change on the waste input side when the waste feeding speed is reduced depends on the changing speed of the feeding speed of the waste material. FIG. 4 shows a relationship between a change in the waste feeding speed and a change in the temperature of the waste input side. That is, by detecting the gradient of the temperature change of the waste input side during the operation of the pyrolysis furnace, the control device can recognize that the feed speed of the waste as the raw material has changed (decreased), and the amount of change has been set in advance. If the limit is exceeded,
An alarm is output, and a signal for input amount adjustment (increase) is sent to a waste feeder or the like. If the temperature change gradient of the waste input side temperature is 0, the change in the waste feeding speed is 0, meaning that there is no variation in the waste feeding speed. Conversely, the greater the gradient of temperature change on the waste input side, the greater the change in waste feed rate (in FIG. 4, the lower the feed rate).
Means that the waste feeding speed is recovered, for example, checking of the clogging of the waste feeder, or confirming the presence or absence of idle rotation of the waste feeder, and performing a return operation.

<Embodiment 4> In the embodiment 4, a phenomenon in which the waste in the middle of pyrolysis or the char in the middle of discharge from the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis furnace is ignited is artificially created, and the differential pressure transmitters 41 to 41 are generated.
The pressure change in the reaction vessel and the pyrolysis gas pipe detected at 43, the temperature change in the reaction vessel 23 detected at the temperature measurement terminals 261 to 263, and the downstream of the char outlet 24 detected at the temperature measurement terminal 265 Temperature change, the oxygen concentration change of the pyrolysis furnace atmosphere gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2 detected by the oxygen concentration meter 341, and the combustion discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor 3 detected by the oxygen concentration meter 34. Exhaust gas 3
The ignition phenomenon was detected based on the correlation of the oxygen concentration change of No. 3. Table 1 shows the results.

[0053]

[Table 1]

The oxygen concentration values output from the oximeters 341 and 34 increase, the values of the temperature measuring terminals 261 and 262 tend to increase from a fixed value, and the temperature measuring terminals 263 and 26
When 5 shows an upward trend, ignition of waste or char in the reaction vessel 23 is suspected. At this time, the control device increases the flow rate of the nitrogen 20 supplied to the pyrolysis furnace 2 such that the oxygen concentration in the reaction vessel 23 becomes a value as low as about 4% or less. The control device also includes the switching valve 21
By the switching of 4, the cooling water 212 is sent to the thermal decomposition furnace jacket 22 via the cooling water pipe 213 instead of the heating medium 21 of the heating medium inlet pipe 211, and the reaction vessel 23 is cooled. FIG.
2 shows an example of a change in temperature and a change in oxygen concentration inside the pyrolysis furnace 2 when the char is ignited in the pyrolysis furnace 2.

Further, the phenomenon that the oxygen concentration rises is the same as the ignition in the reaction vessel, but when the temperature rise inside the reaction vessel 23 is not recognized and the temperature rise is detected only at the temperature measuring terminal 265, It is suspected that the char is ignited downstream of the char outlet 24. At this time, an operation of increasing the flow rate of the nitrogen 20 and an operation of increasing the cooling rate of the vicinity of the char outlet 24 and the cooling rate of the char cooler 4 are performed, and a temperature decrease is confirmed.

[0056]

According to the present invention, abnormal phenomena occurring in a pyrolysis furnace, a pyrolysis gas pipe, and a pyrolysis gas combustor are detected, or abnormal phenomena showing signs of occurrence are detected, and a rapid steady state is detected. Actions can be taken to return to the state.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a temperature change inside a thermal decomposition furnace reaction vessel when waste is thermally decomposed in a steady state.

FIG. 3 shows the result of clogging of the pyrolysis gas pipe during the operation of the pyrolysis furnace.
It is a conceptual diagram which shows the example of the change of the exhaust gas oxygen concentration of a pyrolysis gas combustor, and the change of the pressure in a pyrolysis gas pipe.

Fig. 4 Fluctuation (decrease) in waste feed rate during operation of pyrolysis furnace
It is a conceptual diagram which shows the example of the change of the internal temperature of a thermal decomposition furnace accompanying it.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a change in pyrolysis furnace temperature and oxygen concentration due to the ignition of waste or char during the operation of the pyrolysis furnace.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 waste 2 pyrolysis furnace 2A waste supply hopper 2B waste feeder 2C nitrogen supply pipe 3 pyrolysis gas combustor 3A combustion exhaust gas duct 4 char cooler 5 char crusher 6 metals 7 char classifier 8 char hopper 9 combustion melting Furnace 10 slag 11 induction blower 20 nitrogen 21 heating medium 22 jacket 23 reaction vessel 24 char outlet 24A char discharge pipe 25 pyrolysis gas 31 propane gas 32 air 33 combustion exhaust gas 41-43 differential pressure transmitter (pressure gauge) 60, 61 Four-way switching valve 211 Heat medium supply pipe 212 Cooling water 213 Cooling water pipe 214 Switching valve 261 to 263,265 Temperature measurement terminal (thermometer) 271 Pyrolysis gas second pipe 272 Pyrolysis gas first pipe 273 Pyrolysis Gas bypass pipe 290,291 Heat insulation heater 341 Oxygen concentration meter 421,431 Differential pressure Transmitter (pressure gauge)

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 5/50 ZAB F23G 5/50 ZABM ZABN ZABP (72) Inventor Masayoshi Kubota 7-chome, Omikamachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1-1 Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Teruyuki Okazaki 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Hironobu Kobayashi Hitachi, Ibaraki Prefecture 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Hideaki Utsuno 3-1-1, Sachimachi, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Factory 3K061 AA24 AB02 AB03 AC01 BA02 3K062 AA24 AB02 AB03 AC01 BA02 CA01 CB05 CB08 DA01 DA11 DA22 DB01 DB30 3K078 AA02 AA05 BA03

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace through a carbonization gas discharge pipe for burning the carbonization gas. A method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus, comprising: a pyrolysis residue transfer device for transferring a pyrolysis residue of the pyrolysis furnace; and a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue. The temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at a plurality of locations dispersed along the direction, the temperature inside the pyrolysis residue transfer device, the atmospheric oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis furnace, and the oxygen of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor. The concentration and the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe are detected, and using each detected value, ignition of waste in the pyrolysis furnace and pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis residue transfer device are performed. Detect firing A method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus, comprising: 2. A pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace through a carbonization gas discharge pipe for burning the carbonization gas. A method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus, comprising: a pyrolysis residue transfer device for transferring a pyrolysis residue of the pyrolysis furnace; and a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue. The pressure of the furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor are detected, and using the detected values, the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe are used. A method for controlling a waste gasification / melting apparatus, wherein a sign of occurrence of blockage due to a condensed component in the carbonization gas is detected in any of the pyrolysis gas combustors. 3. A pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace through a carbonization gas discharge pipe for burning the carbonization gas. A method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus, comprising: a pyrolysis residue transfer device for transferring a pyrolysis residue of the pyrolysis furnace; and a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue. Detecting the raw material waste inlet side temperature of the furnace, the oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis gas, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor, and the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe, A method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus, comprising detecting a decrease in a supply amount of a raw material to the pyrolysis furnace or a fluctuation in a supply amount of a raw material using each detected value. 4. The method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen concentration increases, and the pressures of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe are substantially constant.
When the temperature at the entrance side of the pyrolysis furnace is substantially constant or rises from the center, and the temperature at the exit of the pyrolysis furnace and the temperature inside the pyrolysis residue transfer device rises, waste in the pyrolysis furnace is reduced. It is determined that a fire has occurred, and the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere of the pyrolysis furnace increases, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor is substantially constant or increases, and the pressure in the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe is increased. When the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is almost constant and the temperature inside the pyrolysis residue transfer device rises, it is determined that the pyrolysis residue inside the pyrolysis residue transfer device has ignited. Method for controlling a material gasification and melting apparatus. 5. The control method for a waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas increases, the detected pressure of the pyrolysis furnace increases, and the pressure of the carbonization gas discharge pipe increases. When the temperature is substantially constant or decreases, it is determined that blockage has occurred between the pressure detection point of the pyrolysis furnace and the pressure detection point of the carbonization gas discharge pipe, and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas increases, and the detected pyrolysis furnace A method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus which determines that a blockage has occurred between a pressure detection point of a carbonization gas discharge pipe and the pyrolysis gas combustor when both the pressure and the pressure of the carbonization gas discharge pipe increase. 6. The method for controlling a waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the raw material waste inlet side of the pyrolysis furnace increases, the oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis gas increases, and A method for controlling a waste gasification / melting apparatus which determines that the amount of raw material supplied to the pyrolysis furnace has decreased when the pressure of the carbonization gas discharge pipe does not change. 7. A pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and mainly a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace through a carbonization gas discharge pipe for burning the carbonization gas. A pyrolysis residue transfer device for moving the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis furnace, and a combustion gasification and melting device having a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue,
Temperature measuring means for detecting the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace at a plurality of locations dispersed along the waste moving direction and detecting the temperature of the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis residue transfer device; and Oxygen concentration detecting means for measuring the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the cracked gas combustor; ignition of waste in the pyrolysis furnace based on the outputs of the temperature measuring means and the oxygen concentration detecting means; A control device for determining whether or not ignition of the pyrolysis residue in the decomposition residue transfer device is present. 8. A pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and mainly a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace through a carbonization gas discharge pipe for burning the carbonization gas. A pyrolysis residue transfer device for moving the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis furnace, and a combustion gasification and melting device having a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue,
Pressure measuring means for measuring the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the carbonization gas discharge pipe; oxygen concentration detecting means for detecting the oxygen concentration of exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor; and the pressure measuring means and oxygen concentration Waste gasification comprising: a control device for detecting a sign of occurrence of blockage in any one of the pyrolysis furnace, the carbonization gas discharge pipe, and the pyrolysis gas combustor based on the output of the detection means. Melting equipment. 9. A pyrolysis furnace for converting waste into a carbonization gas and mainly a non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a pyrolysis gas combustor connected to the pyrolysis furnace through a carbonization gas discharge pipe for burning the carbonization gas. A pyrolysis residue transfer device for moving the pyrolysis residue in the pyrolysis furnace, and a combustion gasification and melting device having a combustion melting furnace for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue,
Temperature measurement means for measuring the raw material waste inlet side temperature of the pyrolysis furnace, oxygen concentration detection means for detecting the atmospheric oxygen concentration of the pyrolysis furnace and the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas discharged from the pyrolysis gas combustor, Pressure measuring means for detecting the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace and the pressure of the carbonization gas discharge pipe; and using the detected values of the temperature measuring means, the oxygen concentration detecting means and the pressure measuring means, A waste gasification / melting apparatus, comprising: a control device for detecting a change in a raw material supply amount. 10. The waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a cooling means is provided to the pyrolysis furnace, and the control device indicates an ignition phenomenon when detecting an ignition phenomenon in the pyrolysis furnace. A waste gasification and melting apparatus for outputting an alarm and controlling the cooling means to cool the pyrolysis furnace. 11. The waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of the carbonized gas discharge pipes are provided in parallel, and the control device detects a sign of blockage of the carbonized gas discharge pipe. A waste gasification and melting apparatus, which outputs an alarm indicating that a sign of blockage is detected and a position where the blockage has occurred, and controls so as to switch the system of the carbonization gas discharge pipe. 12. The waste gasification and melting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the supply of the raw material to the pyrolysis furnace is performed by waste raw material supply means capable of adjusting a raw material supply rate, and the control device When detecting a decrease in the amount of raw material supplied to the pyrolysis furnace or a change in the amount of raw material supplied, outputs an alarm and adjusts the raw material supply rate of the waste raw material supply means. Waste gasification and melting equipment.