JP2000160988A - Shield excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To secure working face stability around an excavation cross section and excavate a rectangular cross section by rotating a rectangular cutter face plate along a rectangular locus, and reciprocating outer peripheral cutters arranged above, below and on the right and left of the rectangular cutter face plate. SOLUTION: A lattice frame-shaped rectangular cutter face plate 4 is provided on the front side of the bulkhead 3 of a shield excavator 1A, linear outer peripheral cutters 5A-5D are provided above, below and on the right and left of the rectangular cutter face plate 4, and many excavation bits are fixed to them. Spindles 9A-9D fixed to the rectangular cutter face plate 4 are slidably supported by bearing devices fixed on the back side of the bulkhead 3, a horizontally moving jack and a vertically moving jack are interlocked to rotatively move the rectangular cutter face plate 4 along a rectangular shift focus S, the outer peripheral cutters 5A-5D are reciprocated by the extension/shrinkage of the moving jacks, and the ground is excavated by the excavation bits. The working face stability around an excavation cross section is secured by the outer peripheral cutters 5A-5D, and a rectangular cross section can be excavated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavator capable of excavating a tunnel having an arbitrary cross section such as a rectangle, an ellipse, and a horseshoe.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the excavated cross section of a shield excavator has mainly been a circular cross section, but there is a demand for realizing an economical tunnel excavation with a small surplus cross section, collective construction of a station section, a double track tunnel, and the like. Along with a rectangle, oval, horseshoe,
A so-called free-section shield excavator that directly excavates an arbitrary tunnel section such as a compound circle has been developed and put into practical use.

A typical example of such a shield excavator is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-80240 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-80240.
There is an eccentric multi-axis shield excavator proposed in Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 68868 and 7-68870. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, this shield excavator supports a cutter frame 50 on which a large number of excavating bits 51, 51... Are fixed by a plurality of cranks 52, 52. The cutter frame 50 is rotated in the same plane by the parallel link motion caused by the synchronized rotation of 52. The main features are as follows from the rectangular cross section example in FIG. 17 and the elliptical cross section example in FIG. As can be seen, by selecting the shape of the cutter frame, it is possible to excavate an arbitrary cross section substantially similar to this cutter shape. Since the turning radius of the cutter frame is small, a small excavation torque is required, and wear of the bit is reduced, so that a long distance can be achieved. Furthermore, since each of the plurality of drive units is compact and can be unitized, assembly and
The point that disassembly and transportation become easy is mentioned.

[0004]

However, in the case of the above-mentioned eccentric multi-axis type shield machine, the space within the parallel link movement range of the cutter frame must be set as a space.
Since a large opening is formed in the excavation surface other than the cutter frame, the face holding mechanism inevitably fills the chamber with the sediment taken in, such as earth pressure type, mud pressure type or mud water type. However, there has been a problem that the method is limited to an earth pressure type which stabilizes a face by maintaining a balance with a soil removal amount by a screw conveyor. For this reason, there is a problem that the use of the muddy water type such as sandy ground and gravel ground having a high groundwater level is not suitable for ground where efficient excavation can be realized.

In addition, since the link motion mechanism is located outside the partition wall (on the side of the excavation surface), there is a problem that it is difficult to inspect the sliding portion and repair the broken portion.

Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to enable excavation of an arbitrary cross-sectional shape, excavation over a long distance with little bit wear, and application to a muddy water method other than the earth pressure type, the water type or the mud pressure type. It is easily possible.
Further, the present invention provides a shield excavator that has an advantage that the structure of the drive unit is simpler and the drive unit is disposed inside the partition wall, so that repair and replacement of parts can be easily performed. Is to do.

[0007]

According to the present invention, a partition is provided at a position on the front side of a shield shell, and a plurality of bits are fixedly provided on an excavation surface side of the partition. A shield excavator comprising one or more excavators, comprising one or more axles extending along a rearward direction of the shield excavator on the back side of the excavator, and The partition is supported by a bearing device on the back side of the partition in a state of being penetrated through a shaft through hole formed in the partition, and the bearing device defines a movement passage of a shaft formed along a movement trajectory line of the support shaft. On the other hand, the shaft through hole formed in the partition has a hole shape that does not hinder the movement of the support shaft, and at least one or more support shafts provided in the excavation tool are formed in the bearing device by jacks or motors. Axis moving It is characterized in that so as to rotational motion or repetitive linear motion the drilling tool in the same plane by moving along.

In such a shield excavator, a single plane slab cutter may be rotated in the same plane along the movement trajectory line. In order not to form a large opening therebetween, the drilling tool may be provided with one or a plurality of slab-shaped cutters rotating in the same plane along a rectangular movement trajectory line, and It is preferable that the outer cutters be arranged around the shape cutter and make linear motions repeatedly in the same plane.

As a specific example, for example, the shield shell has a rectangular cross-section, and the excavating tool is arranged in a lattice frame-like rectangular cutter surface plate disposed substantially at the center, and surrounds the rectangular cutter surface plate. And the linear cutters arranged on the four sides as described above, and the rectangular cutter face plate is rotated in the same plane along the rectangular movement trajectory line, and each of the peripheral cutters is An example is a shield excavator having a rectangular cross-sectional shape that is made to perform linear motion repeatedly in the same plane along a direction.

Further, as another method of forming the cutter portion without forming a very large opening between the cutting face and the cutting face, the excavating tool is constituted by a large number of cutter groups which repeatedly and linearly move in the same plane. do it.

In the case of the shield excavator of the present invention, a shaft through-hole is formed in the partition wall along the movement trajectory of the support shaft. As one method, in each of the excavating tools, a movable seal plate that moves with the excavating tool is fixedly provided at a position straddling between the spindles and adjacent to the excavating surface side from the bulkhead, and the bulkhead or the shield shell is provided. A frame-shaped fixed seal plate that covers an outer peripheral portion of the movable seal plate under a condition that does not hinder the movement of the movable seal plate with respect to the body, and the other side seal plate is provided on at least one of the movable seal plate and the fixed seal plate. The sealing property of the partition can be ensured by fixing the sealing material that comes into contact with the partition wall.

In the present invention, preferably, two or more digging tools of an arbitrary shape are provided on the back side of the digging tool (the digging tool may be a surface plate cutter or a bar cutter). A support shaft is provided, and the support shaft is supported by a bearing device provided on the back side of the partition wall. This bearing device is not a bearing device that receives a rotating shaft like a normal bearing device, but a bearing device that supports the support shaft and guides the movement of the support shaft. Therefore, in this bearing device, while a movement path of the shaft is formed along the movement trajectory line of the support shaft, the shaft through-hole of the partition has a hole shape that does not hinder the movement of the support shaft. Then, at least one or more support shafts are moved by a jack or a motor along a movement path of the shaft formed in the bearing device, so that the excavator is rotated or linearly moved in the same plane. .

By employing such a cutter movement mechanism, excavation of an arbitrary cross-sectional shape can be performed, and bit rotation is suppressed because small rotation or linear movement is repeated, thereby enabling long-distance excavation. In addition, since all drive mechanisms are installed inside the partition, inspection,
Advantages such as easy repair and replacement of parts can be provided.

As a specific configuration of the digging tool, a face plate-shaped cutter is disposed at the center, and the cutter is rotated along a predetermined trajectory line, and the outer periphery performs a linear motion around the face plate-shaped cutter. If the cutter is arranged, the peripheral face can be reliably held by the outer peripheral cutter, and the aperture ratio can be reduced, so that the face holding performance can be remarkably improved. Alternatively, it is possible to easily apply the method to the muddy water method other than the mud pressure method.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a first shield excavator 1A according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view taken along line III-III of FIG. It is. 2 and 3 show only a part of the drive mechanism of the cutter and a part of the screw conveyor, and omit other equipment such as a shield jack and an erector necessary for shield excavation. Further, for convenience of description, the front side indicates the face side, and the rear side indicates the shield space side.

The shield excavator 1A is provided with a partition wall 3 at a position on the front side of a cylindrical shield shell 2 (hereinafter referred to as a skin plate), and is divided into an excavation section and a space inside the shield machine. At the front side of the partition wall 3, a lattice frame-shaped rectangular cutter plate 4 is disposed at substantially the center, and linear outer peripheral cutters 5 </ b> A to 5 </ b> D are respectively provided on upper, lower, left and right sides surrounding the rectangular cutter plate 4. It is provided along the side direction. A large number of drill bits 6 are provided on the front and peripheral portions of the rectangular cutter face plate 4 and the outer cutters 5A to 5D.
Are fixedly mounted, and as shown in FIG. 9, the rectangular cutter face plate 4 makes a rectangular rotational movement in the same plane by a driving mechanism described later, and the outer peripheral cutters 5A to 5D make a repetitive linear movement. The excavation bits 6, 6,... Excavate the ground. In this shield excavator 1A, in addition to the rectangular cutter surface slab 4 as a digging tool, an outer peripheral cutter 5A surrounding the periphery of the rectangular cutter surface slab 4
５5D is provided so that the face stability around the excavated section is secured, and the face holding function is remarkably superior to the conventional free section shield machine having a single cutter face plate. Become.

On the other hand, a screw conveyor 8 is provided below the partition wall 3 with the earth and sand inlet 8a facing the excavation surface side, and the rectangular cutter face plate 4 and the outer peripheral cutter 5A are provided.
The earth and sand excavated by ~ 5D is taken into the sandwiched space between the partition walls 3, that is, the chamber 7 (earth pressure chamber), and is discharged to the outside via the screw conveyor 8. Needless to say, the face holding mechanism of this type of shield excavator 1A is directly held by the rectangular cutter face plate 4 and the outer cutters 5A to 5D, and the face is filled with the soil filled and retained in the chamber 7. Retain, earth pressure type. Water stoppage of screw conveyor 8
It is secured by earth and sand that are continuously filled in a spiral shape. Although the example of the earth pressure type is described in this example, when the ground is a highly permeable sandy or gravelly ground, and the water stopping effect by the screw conveyor is insufficient, a mud pressure type or a hydrostatic method is used. The formula is adopted.

The earth pressure management by the filled earth and sand is performed by installing an earth pressure gauge (not shown) on the partition wall and adjusting the amount of earth removed from the screw conveyor 8 in accordance with the propulsion of the shield machine.

Hereinafter, the rectangular cutter surface slab 4 specifically described above will be described.
The drive mechanism of the outer cutters 5A to 5D will be described in detail in order. (Driving mechanism of the rectangular cutter face plate 4)
A plurality of, in this example, four support shafts 9A to 9D extending in the rearward direction of the shield excavator 1A are fixedly mounted on the rear side of the shield excavator 1A. These support shafts 9A to 9D are formed on the partition wall 3. The bearings 10A to 10D provided on the back side of the partition 3 (inside the shield machine) penetrate through the shaft through holes 3a to 3d.

As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the bearing devices 10A to 10D have a T-shaped cross section in which the support shafts 9A to 9D are inserted (only the bearing device 10A has an operating shaft 9g described later). A shaft moving path 12 having a substantially cross-sectional shape so as to protrude to the outside is a device in which a rectangular path is formed inside the device when viewed from the front, and a journal bearing portion that supports a general shaft portion 9e of the support shafts 9A to 9D. 11A and a thrust bearing 11B that supports the enlarged shaft 9f are provided along the shaft moving path 12. That is, the bearing devices 10A to 10D
Is a bearing device that supports the support shafts 9A to 9D of the rectangular cutter face plate 4 and has two functions to guide the movement of the support shafts 9A to 9D.

The shaft through hole 3a formed in the partition 3
3d are rectangular holes including a rectangular movement trajectory line S so as not to hinder the movement of the support shafts 9A to 9D.
It may be a linear hole having a shaft width along the 9D movement trajectory line S.

As shown in FIG. 5, the bearing device 10
Among the bearings 10A to 10D, in particular, the bearing device 10A that is to be a drive shaft is provided with an operating shaft portion 9g that extends from the rear end of the support shaft 9A and projects outside the bearing device 10A. Jack 1 for horizontal movement with respect to operating shaft 9g
3 and the vertical movement jack 14 are commonly engaged. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, there is provided a horizontal operation connection plate 15 in which a vertically long hole 15a engaging with the operation shaft portion 9g is formed with respect to the piston shaft 13A of the horizontal movement jack 13. In addition, a vertical operation connection plate 16 having a horizontal elongated hole 16a that engages with the operation shaft portion 9g is provided with respect to the piston shaft 14A of the vertical movement jack 14. Therefore, when the horizontal movement jack 13 is extended from the state shown in FIG. 6, the support shaft 9A is moved along the movement trajectory line, and then the vertical movement jack 14 is contracted to move the support shaft 9A. Along the line, the horizontal moving jack 13 is contracted to move along the moving path line, and the vertical movement jack 14 is extended to move along the moving path line. . By repeatedly performing the jacking operation in this procedure, the support shaft 9A and, consequently, the rectangular cutter face plate 4 can be rotationally moved along the rectangular movement locus S.

The other supporting shafts 9B to 9D follow the rectangular moving path 12 of each of the bearing devices 10B to 10D.

As shown in FIG. 4, the structure for securing the sealability at the support shafts 9A to 9D spans the four support shafts 9A to 9D at a position adjacent to the excavation surface side from the partition wall 3. Movable seal plate 17 that moves together with the rectangular cutter face plate 4
And a fixed seal plate 18 is provided on the partition wall 3 so as not to hinder the movement of the movable seal plate 17 and covers the outer peripheral portion of the movable seal plate 17. By providing a structure in which the seal member 20 that contacts the movable seal plate 17 is fixed, the support shaft 9A
The shaft through-holes 3a to 3d formed in the partition wall 3 are closed under the condition that.

In this embodiment, only the support shaft 9A is used as the drive shaft. However, all of the other support shafts 9B to 9D or a plurality of arbitrarily selected support shafts are driven by the jack operation described above. You may.

(Driving Mechanism of Outer Cutters 5A to 5D) The outer cutters 5A and 5B arranged on the upper and lower sides of the excavation surface and the outer cutters 5C and 5D arranged on both sides of the excavation surface simply have different moving directions. Since the moving mechanism is completely the same, only the outer peripheral cutter 5A will be representatively described with reference to FIGS.

As in the case of the rectangular cutter face plate 4, in the case of the outer peripheral cutter 5A, a plurality of, in this example, two support shafts 21A and 21B are fixedly provided on the back side thereof.
A and 21B penetrate the partition wall 3 and are supported by bearing devices 22A and 22B provided on the back surface side (shield machine space side) of the partition wall 3. The bearing device 22A, 22B
Is a bearing device in which a shaft moving path 23 having a cross-shaped cross section into which the support shafts 21A and 21B are inserted is formed in a linear path inside the device, and a journal supporting a general shaft portion 21c of the support shafts 21A and 21B. And the enlarged shaft 21
are provided along the shaft moving path 23.

In particular, one bearing device 22 serving as a drive shaft
A (22B), the rear end 21 of the support shaft 21A (21B)
e is projected outside the bearing device 22A (22B), and the piston shaft 26A of the slide driving jack 26 is connected to the projected shaft portion 21e. Therefore,
By repeatedly extending and contracting the slide driving jack 26, the support shaft 21A (21B) and, consequently, the outer cutter 5A can be repeatedly linearly moved.

The sealability of the support shafts 21A and 21B is substantially the same as that of the rectangular cutter face plate 4, and the movable seal plate 27 fixedly mounted on the support shafts 21A and 21B and the opening It is secured by a fixed seal plate 28 that covers the outer peripheral portion of the movable seal plate 17 and has a seal member 29 fixedly provided on the inner surface of the edge.

In the above example, the rectangular cutter face plate 4 is driven by the jack 13 for horizontal movement and the jack 1 for vertical movement.
10 and 11, the operation shaft 9g was driven by the hydraulic motor 30 as shown in FIGS.
May be continuously rotated along the movement trajectory line S. Specifically, a crank plate 31 having an elongated hole 31a formed with respect to a driving shaft 30a of the hydraulic motor 30 is provided.
Is fixed, and the long hole 31a of the clamp plate 31 is fixed.
Is engaged with the operating shaft 9g. As shown in FIG. 11, the driving shaft 30a of the hydraulic motor 30
Is rotated to rotate the crank plate 31 around the driving shaft 30a, the operating shaft 9g rotates along the rectangular movement trajectory line S while moving in the elongated hole 31a of the crank plate 31.

On the other hand, a second example shown in FIG. 12 is an example of a shield excavator 1B in which excavation is performed by a single surface slab cutter without using an outer peripheral cutter. In this shield excavation 1B, the already explained rectangular cutter surface slab 4 is arranged alone, and its structure and drive mechanism are already explained. In such a case, the excavation may be performed using only the rectangular cutter face plate 4 without the outer cutter. For reference, the moving steps of the rectangular cutter face plate 4 are shown in FIG.
It looks like 3.

On the other hand, the third example shown in FIG.
This is an example of a shield excavator 1C in which the above-described outer peripheral cutters 5A to 5D are arranged on the four sides, and the same bar-shaped cutters 5E to 5G in the longitudinal direction that perform the same repetitive linear motion are arranged inside thereof. . For reference, the steps of moving these cutter groups are as shown in FIG. Although a device is complicated in that a drive unit is required for each cutter, it is possible to very easily handle any excavation cross-sectional shape.

Further, the fourth example shown in FIG. 16 is a front view of a shield excavator 1D in a case where the system is adapted to the muddy water type. In the case of the muddy water type, the stability of the face is maintained by the retaining action of the face plate, the muddy water pressure action of the muddy water sent into the chamber, and the muddy water stabilizing liquid action. Are disposed at positions surrounding the central cutter face plate 35 at appropriate intervals along the longitudinal direction. Cutting shear inlet 36
a, 36a... are formed on the outer peripheral surface 36A-36.
In particular, the center cutter face plate 35 is designed so that the size of the rectangular trajectory line S is smaller than that of the first shield excavator 1A described above, and the cutter opening ratio is reduced. ing.

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, tunnel excavation with an arbitrary cross-sectional shape can be performed, and long-distance excavation can be performed with little bit wear. Moreover, since it is possible to combine the drilling tool with repetitive linear motion in addition to the rotary motion drilling tool, it is possible to surround the excavation area with a cutter and to reduce the cutter opening ratio. Application to the muddy water method other than the earth pressure type, the water type, or the mud pressure type can be easily performed. Furthermore, the structure of the drive unit is simpler, and since the drive unit is disposed inside the partition, repair and replacement of parts can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a shield machine 1A according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view taken along line III-III of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a view taken along line VV of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a driving mechanism of the support shaft 9A.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a main part of an outer peripheral cutter 5A.

FIG. 8 is a view taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a cutter moving step diagram of the shield machine 1A.

FIG. 10 shows a shield excavator 1 using a hydraulic motor as a drive source.
It is sectional drawing of A.

FIG. 11 is a view taken along line XI-XI of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12: Shield excavator 1 using only a rectangular cutter face plate
It is a front view of B.

FIG. 13 is a cutter moving step diagram.

FIG. 14 is a front view of a shield excavator 1C including only a repetitive linear motion cutter.

FIG. 15 is a cutter moving step diagram.

FIG. 16 is a front view of a shield excavator 1D corresponding to the muddy water type.

FIG. 17 is a front view (an example of a rectangular cross section) of a conventional eccentric multi-axial rectangular shield machine.

FIG. 18 is a front view (an example of an elliptical cross section) of a conventional eccentric multi-axis elliptical shield machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

1A to 1D: shield excavator, 2: skin plate, 3
... partition wall, 4 ... rectangular cutter face plate, 5A-5D ... outer peripheral cutter, 6 ... drill bit, 7 ... chamber, 8 ... screw conveyor, 9A-9D ... support shaft, 10A-10D ... bearing device, 12 ... shaft passage portion , 13 ... jack for horizontal movement, 14
... jack for vertical movement, 17 ... movable seal plate, 18 ... fixed seal plate, 20 ... sealing material, 30 ... hydraulic motor, 31
… Crank plate, S… Rectangular movement trajectory line

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takahiko Imamura 4-12-20 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Sato Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hajime Demura 4-12-20 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo No. F-term in Sato Industry Co., Ltd. (reference) 2D054 AB01 AB05 AB07 AC01 BA03 BA10 BB01 BB04 BB10

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A shield excavator comprising a partition wall provided at a front side position of a shield shell and one or a plurality of drilling tools provided with a plurality of bits fixed on an excavation surface side of the partition wall. A backing side of the drilling tool includes one or a plurality of spindles extending along a rearward direction of the shield excavator, and the spindle is inserted into an axis through hole formed in the partition wall. The bearing device is supported by a bearing device on the back side of the partition wall. The bearing device includes a shaft movement passage formed along the movement trajectory line of the support shaft, while a shaft through hole formed in the partition wall supports the shaft. The drilling tool has a hole shape that does not hinder movement of the shaft, and at least one or more support shafts provided on the drilling tool are moved by a jack or a motor along a movement path of the shaft formed in the bearing device. The same side In shield excavator that features that it has to rotate motion or repetitive linear motion. 2. The digging tool is provided with one or a plurality of arbitrarily-shaped surface slab cutters rotating in the same plane along a rectangular movement trajectory line, and arranged around the surface slab cutters. 2. The shield excavator according to claim 1, further comprising an outer peripheral cutter that moves linearly repeatedly in the same plane. 3. The shield shell body has a rectangular cross section, and the excavating tool is formed on a lattice frame-shaped rectangular cutter surface plate disposed at a substantially central portion, and on four sides so as to surround the rectangular cutter surface plate. And a linear outer cutter arranged respectively, and the rectangular cutter surface slab is rotated in the same plane along a rectangular movement trajectory line, and the respective outer cutters are coplanar along the side direction. 2. The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator is caused to perform a linear motion repeatedly. 4. The shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein said excavator is constituted by a plurality of cutter groups which repeatedly move linearly in the same plane. 5. In each of the excavating tools, a movable seal plate that moves together with the excavating tool is fixedly provided at a position straddling between the spindles and adjacent to the excavating surface side from the bulkhead. On the other hand, a frame-shaped fixed seal plate that covers the outer peripheral portion of the movable seal plate is provided under a condition that does not hinder the movement of the movable seal plate, and at least one of the movable seal plate and the fixed seal plate contacts the other-side seal plate. The shield excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sealing property of the partition wall is secured by fixing the sealing material.